1.

MCQs on Electrical And Electronics

Measurements

Page 1 of 19.

01․ Which of the following quantities consists of S.I. unit as Hertz?

Charge
Force
Frequency
Power

02․ Which one of the following units is a fundamental unit?

Newton
Ampere
Watt
Joule/sec

03․ Which of the quantity consists of SI unit as Candela?

Velocity
Impulse
Luminous intensity
 Force

04․ Which of the quantity consists of unit as Pascal ?

Temperature
Pressure
Force
Impulse

05․ Which of the quantity consists of unit as newton-second?

Impulse
Acceleration
Speed
velocity

06․ Which of the quantity consists of unit as kg m/sec ?

Speed
Momentum
Acceleration
Impulse
07․ What is the standard unit for length ?
Meter
Inch
Kilometer
Centimeter

08․ What is the name of physical quantities which are independent of each
other?
Fundamental quantity
Derived quantity
Numerical quantity
None of the above

09․ The Metric System is also called as:

CGS
MKS system
SI
None of the above
10․ Which devices used to measure the temperature of an object ?
Poteintiometer
Odometer
Thermometers
Galvanometer

Page 2 of 19.

01․ What are the SI units of mass, length and time respectively?

g, m and s.

kg, cm and s.

g, cm and s.

kg, m and s.

02․ Which of the two have same dimensions?

Force and strain

Angular velocity and angular frequency

Force and stress

None of the above

03․ What is the expression for acceleration?
Mass x velocity

Change in velocity / time

Mass x acceleration

Force x displacement

04․ How many fundamental units are there ?

4

7
• Hints : There are seven fundamental units: kilogram (mass), meter(length), candela
(luminous intensity), second (time), ampere (current), kelvin (temperature), and mole
(amount of substance).

05․ What is the expression for momentum?

force × displacement
 mass × velocity

mass × acceleration

change of velocity / time

06․ What is the unit of plane angle?

Steradian

Candela

Radian

Degree

07․ Resistance of a VARISTOR varies with

Current

Voltage

Temperature

Both Voltage and Temperature

• Hints : A varistor (variable resistor) is an electronic component whose electronic resistance
varies with the applied voltage. It is also known as voltage dependent resistor (VDR).
08․ Relative permittivity can be measured by _______ bridge
Wheatstones.

Hays.

Desautys.

Schering.

09․ _______ is used to measure the flow of air around aeroplane.

Anemometer.

Venturimeter.

Orifice.

nucleus.

10․ Null type recorders are

bridge recorders.

LVDT recorders.

potentiometric recorders.

any one of the above.

Page 3 of 19.
01․ Unit of deflection sensitivity of a CRO is
V / mm.
meter / volt.
mm per mV.
mm / V.

02․ Swamping resistance is used to compensate

error due to temperature true variations.
error due to strong magnetic field.
both A and B.
none of these.

03․ The chemical effect of current is used in

D.C ampere hour meter.
D.C ammeter.
D.C energy meter.
none of the above.
04․ A galvanometer with a full scale current of 10 mA has a resistance of 1000
Ω. The multiplying power (the ratio of measured current to galvanometer
current) of 100 Ω shunt with this galvanometer is
110.
100.
11.
10.

05․ The high torque to weight ratio in an analog indicating instrument

indicates
low friction loss.
high friction loss.
nothing related to friction loss.
none of these.

06․ Which of following is a vector quantity?

Magnetic field intensity.
Flux density.
Magnetic potential.
Relative permeability.
07․ A 0 - 250V voltmeter has a guaranteed accuracy of 2% of full scale reading.
What is the percentage of error if it measures 150V?
2%
3.33%
5%
1%
• Hints : Maximum error = 2% of 250 = 5V;
Percentage error when it measures 150V = 5 × 100/150 = 3.33%.

08․ A spring-controlled moving iron voltmeter draws a current of 1 mA for

full scale value of 100V. If it draws a current of 0.5 mA, the meter reading is
25 V.
50 V.
100 V.
200 V.
• Hints : Reading 1/Reading 2 = I12/I22 in case of moving iron instruments.

09․ The inductance of a certain moving iron ammeter is expressed as L = 2+5θ-

θ2 µH. The control spring torque is 2 × 10-6 Nm/radian. Find the deflection in
radians for a current of 2A.
1
2
4
5
• Hints : The deflecting torque of a moving iron instrument (T) = 0.5I2dL/dθ.
 I = 2A; T = 2 × 10-6 Nm/radian; dL/dθ = 5-2θ µH; So, 5-2θ = 1; θ = 2.

10․ The internal resistance of a milli-ammeter must be very low for

high sensitivity.
high accuracy.
high precision.
minimum effect on the current in the circuit.

Page 4 of 19.
01․A high frequency AC signal is applied to a PMMC instrument. The RMS
value of the AC signal is 2V, the reading of the instrument is
2V.
2√2V.
√2V.
Zero.
• Hints : The permanent magnet moving coil instrument or PMMC type
instrument uses two permanent magnets in order to create stationary
magnetic field. These types of instruments are only used for measuring
the DC quantities as if we apply AC current to these type of instruments
the direction of current will be reversed during negative half cycle and
hence the direction of torque will also be reversed which gives average
value of torque zero. The pointer will not deflect due to high frequency
from its mean position showing zero reading. However it can measure
the direct current very accurately.
02․ Deflection method direct measurements are most widely used as these are
least time consuming.
most simple.
most simple and least time consuming.
most accurate.

03․ Potentiometer method of DC voltage measurement is more accurate than

direct measurement using a voltmeter because
It loads the circuit moderately.
It loads the circuit to maximum extent.
It uses centre zero galvanometer instead of voltmeter.
It does not load the circuit at all.

04․ In AC circuits, the connection of measuring instruments cause loading

effect errors which may effect
only the magnitude of the quantity being measured.
only phase of the quantity being measured.
both of above.
magnitude, phase and waveform of the quantity being measured.

05․ Relative error is same as

 ratio of absolute error and true value.
absolute error.
true error.
none of the above.

06․ When checked with an ohm meter an open resistor reads

high but within tolerance.
low but not zero.
zero.
infinite.

07․ Which of the following is a variable displacement transducer?

tachometer
potentiometer
synchros
none of the above

08․ An current of is measured

with a thermocouple, 5 A full scale meter. What is the meter reading?
2 A.
 5 A.
2+3√2 A.
3 A.

• Hints :

09․ Piezoelectric effect is carried out in

composite filter.
crystal filter.
m derived.
constant k prototype.

10․ A current of is measured with a

thermocouple, 5 A full scale meter. What is the meter reading?
2.03 A.
5 A.
6.09 A.
4.06 A.
• Hints :

Page 5 of 19.
01․ The terminals across the source are ______________________________ if a
current source is to be neglected.
short circuited
open circuited
replaced by a source resistance
replaced by a capacitor

02․ In two wattmeter method of power measurement if the total power is

measured by one wattmeter only then power factor of the system is
0.
0.5.
1.
none of above.
• Hints : If the total power is measured by one wattmeter method instead of two wattmeter
method, that means one wattmeter readings is zero.

03․ Deflection method direct measurements are most widely used as these are
most simple and least time consuming.
least time consuming.
most simple.
most accurate.
04․ A null type instrument as compared to a deflected type instrument has
a lower sensitivity.
a faster response.
a higher accuracy.
all of the above.

05․ The use of __________________ instruments is merely confined within

laboratories as standardizing instrument.
indicating.
absolute.
recording.
integrating.

06․ Comparison methods are used

when a high accuracy of measurement is required.
because they are most simple.
because they take least time in measurement.
because they are expensive.
07․ Systematic errors are
environmental errors.
observational errors.
instrument errors.
all of the above.
• Hints : Systematic errors are the error that remains constant or change according to a
definite law on repeated measurement of the given quantity. These errors can be
evaluated and their influence on the results of measurement can be eliminated by the
introduction of proper correction. There are three types of systematic errors -
instrumental error, environmental and observational error.

08․ The smallest change in measured variable to which instrument will

respond is
resolution.
accuracy.
precision.
sensitivity.

09․ Which of the following are integrating instruments?

Ammeters.
Wattmeters.
Voltmeters.
Ampere hour and watt hour meters.
10․ The errors mainly caused by human mistakes are
gross error.
instrumental error.
observational error.
systematic error.

Page 6 of 19.
01․ Resolution of an instrument is
the maximum non linearity.
the maximum quantity it can measure.
the minimum quantity it can measure.
ability to distinguish polarity.

02․ The measured value of a resistance is 10.25 ohm, whereas its value of 10.22
ohm. What is absolute error of the measurement?
0.01 ohm.
0.03 ohm.
15.36 ohm.
10.26 ohm.

03․ In measurement system, the function of the signal manipulating elements

is to
 to perform linear operation like addition and multiplication.
to perform non liner operation like clipping filtering, chopping and
clamping.
change the magnitude of the input signal while retaining its identity.
change the quantity under measurement to an analogues signal.

04․ A pressure measurement instrument is calibrated between 10 bar and 260

bar. The scale span of the instrument is
10 bar.
250 bar.
260 bar.
270 bar.

05․ If two meters X and Y require 40 mA and 50 mA respectively, to give full

scale deflection, then
Y is more sensitive.
X is more sensitive.
Both X and Y are equally sensitive.
It would not be possible to assess the sensitivity on the basis of the given
data.
06․ Purely mechanical instrument cannot be used for dynamic measurements
because they have
high inertia.
higher response time.
large time constant.
all of the above.

07․ An analog ammeter is

a recording instrument.
a controlling instrument.
an absolute instrument.
an indicating instrument.

08․ In AC circuits, the connection of measuring instruments cause loading

effect errors which may effect
only the magnitude of the quantity being measured.
only phase of the quantity being measured.
both of above.
magnitude, phase and waveform of the quantity being measured.
09․ A wattmeter reads 30.34 W. The absolute error in the measurement is -
2.22 W. What is the true value of power?
32.56 W .
28.12 W.
25.45 W.
None of the above.
• Hints : True value is equal to difference between measured value and absolute error.

10․ A moving coil ammeter has a uniform scale with 50 division and gives a
full scale reading 10 A. The instrument can read up to (1/5)th of a scale division
with a fair degree of certainty. What is the resolution of the instrument in
mA?
25 mA.
40 mA.
50 mA.
80 mA.

• Hints :

Page 7 of 19.
01․ Relative error is same as
absolute error.
true error.
ratio of absolute error and true value.
none of the above.
02․ A 0 - 100 V voltmeter has a guaranteed accuracy of 2 % of full scale
reading. The voltage measured by the voltmeter is 75 V. The limiting error is
in percentage
3.33 %.
2.66 %.
2 %.
1 %.
• Hint : The magnitude of the limiting error of the instrument = relative
error X scale division = 0.02 X 100 = 2 V.

03․ The moving coil-meters, damping is provided by

the aluminium frame of the coil.
the coil spring attached to the moving.
eddy current disk.
damping vane in the airtight chamber.
05․ In figure Z1 = 200∠60° ohm. Z2 = 400∠-90° ohm, Z3 = 300∠0° ohm. Then
Z4 for bridge to be balanced is

150∠30° ohm.
400∠-90° ohm.
300∠90° ohm.
600∠-150° ohm.
• Hints : For balanced condition, Z1Z4 = Z2Z3.

06․ The coil of a moving coil meter has 100 turns, is 40 mm long and 30 mm
wide. The control torque is 240×10-6 N-m on full scale. If magnetic flux density
is 1Wb/m2 range of meter is
1 mA.
2 mA.
3 mA.
4 mA.
07․ The scale of hot wire ammeter is
Linear.
Non Linear.
Cramped.
Absloute linear.

08․ The resistance in the circuit of the moving coil of a dynamometer

wattmeter should be
Low.
Very low.
High.
Almost zero.
• Hint : In dynamometer wattmeter, the moving coil is voltage coil. So the moving coil
must have high resistance.

09․ The dynamometer principle can be used for

ammeter only.
wattmeter only.
voltmeter only.
ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter.
Page 8 of 19.

02․ If an inductance L is connected in one arm of bridge and resistance R1, R2,
R3 in other three arms
The bridge can be balanced.
The bridge can not be balanced.
The bridge is balanced for some specified value of frequency.
The bridge is balanced for some specified value of R1, R2, R3.
• Hints : To balance the bridge, both magnitude and phase angle of voltages have to be
balanced and this is not possible if there is only one pure inductance and three resistances
because the phase of resistance is always zero and that of a pure inductance is always
90o.

03․ When testing a coil having a resistance of 10 ohms, resonance occurred

when the oscillator frequency was 10 MHz and rotating capacitor was set at
500/2π pF. The effective value of the Q of the coil is
20.
25.4.
31.4.
54.2.

• Hint :

04․ The effect of load resistance is important in measurement of

resistance of shunt.
resistance of ammeter.
resistance of shunt winding.
 both A and B.
• Hint : Load resistance is important when measuring low resistance. Resistance of shunt
and ammeter is low.

05․ Which of following are needed both for protection and metering?
Energy meter.
Wattmeters.
Instrument transformer.
Power factor meters.
• Hint : Instrument transformers are used to measure high current and
voltage. They also used in the relays for protection.

06․ A voltmeter using thermocouple measures

Peak value.
rms value.
Average value.
Peak to peak value.
• Hint : Since the thermocouple is based on heating effect, rms value is
measured.

07․ Which of following statement are correct in case of power factor meter?
The restoring torque is provided by a controlling torque.
It consist of two coils mounted at right angles to each other.
 The deflection is proportional to phase angle between field coil and
crossed coil.
Both B and C.

08․ A sampling wattmeter is used to measure the average power of a load.

The peak to peak voltage of a square wave is 10 V and the current is
triangular wave of 5 Amp P-P as shown in the figure. The period is 20 ms. The
reading in W will be
0 W.
25 W.
50 W.
100 W.
• Hint : Sampling wattmeter computes power from simultaneously sampled value of
voltage and current. Reading of wattmeter in the circuit is given by

In figure, total common area = 0 (Since positive and negative area are equal).
09․ The time/div and voltage axes of an oscilloscope have been creased. A
student connects a 1 KHz, 5 V P-P square wave calibrition pulse to channel-1
of the scope and observes the screen to be as shown in the upper trace of
figure. An unknown signal is connected to channel-2 (lower trace) of the
scope. If the time/div and V/div on both channels are the same, the amplitude
(P-P) and period of the unknown signal are respectively
5 V, 1 ms.
5 V, 2 ms.
7.5 V, 2 ms.
10 V, 1 ms.
• Hint : From the calibration pulse we can obtain voltage per division V = 5/2 = 2.5
V.Time/Division = •T = 1 ms/4 = 0.25 m.sec. So amplitude (P-P) of of unknown signal
is VP-P = V X 5 = 2.5 X 5 = 7.5 V. Time period T = T X 8 = 2 ms.
10․ A bridge circuit is shown in the figure below. Which one of the sentence
given below is most suitable for balancing the bridge?

First adjust R4 and then adjust R1.

First adjust R2 and then adjust R3.
First adjust R2 and then adjust R4.
First adjust R4 and then adjust R2.
• Hint: To balance bridge,

Now comparing real and imaginary parts on the sides of equations,

From above equations it is clear that for balancing the bridge, first R4 is to
be adjusted and then R1. From above equations it is clear that for
balancing the bridge, first R4 is to be adjusted and then R1.
Page 9 of 19.
01․ Potentiometer method of DC voltage measurement is more accurate than
direct measurement using a voltmeter because
it loads the circuit moderately.
it loads the circuit to maximum extent.
it uses centre zero galvanometer instead of voltmeter.
it does not load the circuit at all.

02․ Assertion (A): A hot wire ammeter has a cramped scale. Reason (R): The
heat is proportional to square of current.
Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A.
Both A and R are true and R is not correct explanation of A.
A is ture and R is false.
A is false and R is ture.

03․ The items in Group-I represent the various types of measurement to be

made with a reasonable accuracy using a suitable bridge. The items in Group-
II represent the various bridges available for this purpose. Select the correct
choice of the item in Group-II for the corresponding item in Group-I from the
following Group I:
• P. Resistance in milli-ohm range.
• Q. Low values of capacitance.
• R. Comparison of resistance which are nearly equal.
• S. Inductance of a coil with a large time constant.
Group-II:
1. Wheatstone bridge.
 2. Kelvin double bridge.
3. Schering bridge.
4. Weins bridge
5. Hays bridge
6. Carey-foster bridge
P = 2, Q = 3, R = 6, S = 5.
P = 2, Q = 6, R = 4, S = 5.
P = 2, Q = 3, R = 5, S = 4.
P = 1, Q = 3, R = 2, S = 6.
• Hint : Kelvin double bridge is used for measuring low values of resistance (P = 2).
• Low values of capacitance is precisely measured by Schering bridge (Q = 3).
• Comparison of resistance which are nearly equal is done by Carey-foster bridge (R = 6).
• Inductance of a coil with large time constant or high quality factor is measured by Hays
bridge (S = 5).

04․ A Manganin swap resistance is connected in series with a moving coil

ammeter consisting of a milli ammeter and a suitable shunt in order to
Minimize the effect of temperature variation.
Obtaine large deflecting torque.
Reduce the size of the meter.
Minimize the effect of stray magnetic fields.
Hint : In PMMC instruements, as temperature increases the coil resistance increases.
Swap resistance are connected in series with the moving coil to provide temperature
 compensation.

Swamping resistors is made of magnin which has a zero temperature coefficient.

05․ A 50 Hz bar primary CT has a secondary with 500 turns. The secondary
supplies 5 A current into a purely resistive burden of 1Ω. The magnetizing
ampere-turn is 200. The phase angle between the primary and secondary
current is
4.6o.
85.4o.
94.6o.
175.4o.

Hint : For small values of phase angle, Where, n is turns ratio

and φ is phase angle. Magnetizing ampere turns = 200. So primary
current Ip = 200 × 1 = 200 amp. Turn ratio n = 500. Secondary current Is = 5

amp.
06․ The core flux in the CT of above question no.6, under the given operating
conditions is
0.
450 mWb.
225 mWb.
1000 mWb.
Hint ; Voltage appeared at secondary winding
Voltage induced is given by

07․ A moving coil of a meter has 100 turns, and a length and depth of 10 mm
and 20 mm respectively. It is postioned in a uniform radial flux density of 200
mT. The coil carries a current of 50 mA. The torque on the coil is
200 Nm.
100 Nm.
2 Nm.
1 Nm.

08․ A single phase load is connected between R and Y terminals of a 415 V,

symmetrical, 3-phase, 4 wire system with phase sequence RYB. A wattmeter is
connected in the system as shown in figure. The power factor of the load is 0.8
lagging. The wattmeter will read

- 795 W.
- 597 W.
+ 597 W.
+ 795 W.
Hint : In the figure, VRY = 415∠30° VBN = (415/√3∠120°) current in current

coil, Reading of
wattmeter, P = 994.3(cos 126.87°) = 994.3(-0.60) = - 597 W.

09․ A moving iron ammeter produces a full scale torque of 240 μNm with a
deflection of 120° at a current of 10 A. The rate of change of self induction
(μH/radian) of the instrument at full scale is
2.0 μH/radian.
4.8 μH/radian.
12.0 μH/radian.
 114.6 μH/radian.
Hint : For moving iron ammeter full scale torque is given by T = 0.5 × I2 ×
(dL/dθ).

10․ A DC A-h meter is rated for 15 A, 250 V. The meter constant is 14.4 A-
sec/rev. The meter constant at rated voltage may be expressed as
3750 rev/KWh.
3600 rev/KWh.
1000 rev/KWh.
960 rev/KWh.
Hint : Meter constant (A - sec/rev) is given by 14.4 = I/speed Or 14.4 =I/(K × power)
Where, K is the meter constant in rev/KWh Or 14.4 = I/(K × V × I)

Page 10 of 19.
01․ The meter constant of a single phase 240 V induction watthour meter is
400 revolutions per KWh. The speed of the meter disc for a current of 10
Amperes of 0.8 p.f lagging will be
21.1 rpm.
18.2 rpm.
16.02 rpm.
12.8 rpm.
Hint : n = K × power × time in minutes = {400 × 240 × 10 × 0.8/1000} ×
(1/60) rpm = 12.8 rpm.
02․ In DC potentiometer measurments, a second reading is often taken after
reversing the polarities of the DC supply and the unknown voltage and the
average of the two reading is taken. This is with a view of eliminate the effects
of
Stray magnetic fields.
Ripples of the DC supply.
Errorneous standardisation.
Stray thermal emfs.
Hint : Error in the potentiometer is due to thermoelectric EMFs set up at
junctions of dissimilar metals and also by the heat from the operator's
hand during adjustment of the working parts of the potentiometer.
Reversing of polarity and taking reading will give the error in the
negative direction. Suppose the reading with error due to one direction
is +ΔR and in the other direction is -ΔR, then

Which is actual value.

03․ In the bridge given in the figure, the reading of the high impedance

voltmeter is
Zero.
6.66 V.
4.20 V.
 - 3.33 V.
Hint : The bridge is not balanced. So the equivalent resistance of the circuit is (10 + 20)
parallel (10 + 20) = 15 Ohm. Current in each branch is I = 10/30 = 1/3 A.
Voltage reading of voltmeter is – 20 × 1/3+ 10 × 1/3= - 3.33 V.

04․ A CRO probe has an impedance of 500 kΩ in parallel with a capacitance of

10 pF. The probe is used to measure the voltage between P and Q as shown in
figure. The measured voltage will be

3.53 V.
4.38 V.
4.54 V.
5 V.
Hint : In the following configuration

Reactance (XC) = 1/jωC = 159 kΩ. Writing node equation at P, (VP –

10)/100 + VP /100 + VP /(500 - j/159) = 0. VP = {10/2.28} = 4.38 V.
05․ Consider the following statement - 1. The compensating coil of a low
power factor wattmeter compensates the effect of the impedance of the
current coil. 2. The compensating coil of a low power factor wattmeter
compensates the effect of the impedance of the voltage coil circuit.
1 is true but 2 is false.
1 is false but 2 is true.
Both 1 and 2 are true.
Both 1 and 2 are false.
Hint : Compensating coil of a low power factor wattmeter compensating
the effect of the impedance of pressure coil or voltage coil circuit.

06․ The measurment of very low and very high frequencies is invariably done
using a frequency counter in which one of the following?
Period and frequency measurement modes respectively.
Frequency and period measurment modes, respectively.
Frequency measurment modes only.
Period measurment modes only.
Hint : Low frequency measurment in frequency mode gives low accuracy. So period
measurement is used.

07․ What is the approximate input impedance of a CRO?

0
1 MΩ
10 MΩ
 100 MΩ
Hint : CRO has input impedance in the range of 1MΩ.

08․ Piezoelectronic accelerometer

Has a low natural frequency.
Should be used for low frequency.
Should be used for high frequencies above 100 Hz.
Should use a monitoring source at low input impedance.
Hint : A piezoelectric accelerometer is an accelerometer that employs the
piezoelectric effect of certain materials to measure dynamic changes in
mechanical variable (e.g. acceleration, vibration and mechanical shock).
It is generally used for low frequencies.

09․ A slide wire potentiometer has 10 wires of 1 m each. With the help of a
standard voltage source of 1.018 V it is standardised by keeping the jockey at
101.8 cm. If the resistance of the potentiometer wires is 1000 ohm, then the
value of the working current will be
0.5 mA.
1mA.
10 mA.
100 mA.
Hint : Total length of the slide wire = 1000 cm. Total resistance of the slide wire = 1000
ohm. Resistance of 101.8 cm segment of the wire = 101.8 ohm. This corresponds to a
voltage of 1.018 V. Therefore current = 1.018/101.8= 10 mA.
10․ A galvanometer with a full scale current of 10 mA has a resistance of 1000
Ω. The multiplying power (the ratio of measured current to galvanometer
current) of 100 Ω shunt with this galvanometer is
11.
110.
10.
100.
Hint : Multiplying power[ m ] = 1 + ( Rm / Rsh )

Page 11 of 19.

01․ Which amplifier in used in an electronic amplifier?

Wideband amplifier.
Differential amplifier.
Power amplifier.
Butter amplifer.
Hint : Differential amplifier is a type of electronic amplifier that
amplifies the difference between two voltages but does not amplify the
particular voltage. For this reason, differential amplifier is used in an
electronic amplifier.

02․ The circuit in figure is used to measure the power consumed by the load.
The current coil and the voltage coil of the wattmeter have 0.02 Ω and 1000 Ω
resistance respectively. The measured power compared to the load power will

be
0.4% less.
0.2% less.
0.2% more.
0.4 more.
Hint : Let the actual voltage and current are I1 and V1 respectively then

current in CC is 20 A.

V1 = 200 + 0.02 × 20 = 200.40 V.

Power measured Pm = V1I1 = 200 × 200.40 = 4008 W. Load Power PL = 20 ×
200 = 4000 W.

03․ A DC potentiometer is designed to measure up to about 2V with a slide

wire of 800 mm. A standard cell of emf 1.18 V obtains balances at 600 mm. A
test cell is seen to obtain balance at 680 mm. The emf of test cell is
1 V.
1.34 V.
1.5 V.
1.7 V.
Hint : For DC potentiometer E is proportional to the length of the wire
E1/E2 = L1/L2. 1.18/E2 = 600/680. E2 = 1.34V.
04․ A metal strain gauge has a gauge factor of two. Its nominal resistance is
120 ohms. If it undergoes a strain of 10-5, the value of change of resistance in
response to the strain is
0.0024 Ohm.
0.0012 Ohm.
240 Ohm.
120 Ohm.

Hint :

05․ A wheatstone bridge cannot be used for precision measurements because

errors are introduced into on account of
Contact resistance.
Resistance of connecting leads.
Thermoelectric emfs.
All of above.

06․ The given figure shows wein bridge connection for frequency
measurement. C and R are variables and gang together.
 For balanced
condition the expression for frequency is f = 1/2πCR when
R1 = R2.
R1 = 2R2.
R1 = R2/2.
R1 = 3R2.

Hint : For balanced condition, Comparing

the real and imaginary parts, As ω = 1/RC. R1 = R2/2.

07․ For the AC bridge circuit shown in figure at balance the value of Rd

will be
(Ra/Rc).Rb.
(Rc/Ra).Rb.
(Rc/Rb).Ra.
(Rb/Rc).Ra.

08․ In above question no. 8, the value of Ld will be

Rb Rd Cb.
Ra Rb Cb.
Ra Rc Cb.
Rb Rc Cb.

Hint : For balanced condition, Comparing

the imaginary parts,
09․ When a potentiometer is used for measurement of voltage of an unknown
source, the power consumed in the circuit of the unknown source under null
condition is
high.
small.
ideally zero.
very high.

10․ The calibration of a voltmeter can be carried out by using

A frequency meter.
A potentiometer.
An ammeter.
A function generator.

Page 12 of 19.

01․ For measuring an AC voltage by an AC potentiometer it is desirable that

the supply for the potentiometer is taken from
A battery.
The same source as the unknown voltage.
A source other than the source of unknown voltage.
Any of above.
02․ The transfer instrument which is used for standardization of a polar type
AC potentiometer is
an electrostatic instrument.
a moving coil instrument.
a thermal instrument.
a dynamometer instrument.
Hint : A thermal instrument (thermocouple type) is used as a transfer instrument for
standardization of a polar type AC potentiometer. Such an instrument can be calibrated
on DC and then brought to the same setting on AC.

03․ Standardization of potentiometer is done in order that, they become

accurate.
precise.
accurate and precise.
accurate and direct reading.

04․ A DC potentiometer is the best means available for the measurement of

DC voltage because
It is based on null balance technique.
It is possible to standardize before a measurement is undertaken.
The precision in measurment is independent of the type of the defector
used.
None of above.
05․ A thermo couple ammeter gives full scale deflection of 10 A, when it reads
one fifth of the scale, the current will be
2 A.
4.47 A.
4 A.
5.78 A.

Hint : ⇒ I2 = 4.47 A.

06․ A meter has a full-scale deflection of 90o at a current of 1 A. The response

of the meter is square law. Assuming spring control, the current for a
deflection at 45o will be
0.25 A.
0.50 A.
0.70 A.
0.67 A.
Hint : We know that TD = Cθ ............(1)
Also TD = KI2..............(2)

From equation (1) and (2)

07․ Ratio of readings of two wattmeter connected to measure power in a

balanced 3-phase load is 5:3 and the load is inductive. The power factor at
load is
0.6 lag.
0.6 lead.
 0.917 lead.
0.917 lag.
Hint : We know, Cosθ = 0.917;
as the circuit is inductive, the pf will be lagging.

08․ Magnetic deflection is inversely proportional to

Voltage.
(Voltage)-0.5.
(Voltage)1.5.
(Voltage)2.
Hint : Magnetic deflection is to observe the effect of a magnetic field on an electron beam
in a CRO. It is inversely proportional to the square root of the potential difference
between anode and cathode.

09․ How many time-base circuits does a dual face CRO can have?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Hint : Dual face oscilloscope uses a single electron gun and produces
multiple traces by switching the y-deflection plates from one input
signal to another.
10․ A 1 mA meter is to be converted to 1 A ammeter. The meter resistance is
100 Ω. The value of shunt resistance
0.001 Ω.
0.1001 Ω.
100 Ω.
1000 Ω.
Hint : Shunt resistance = 0.001 × 100/(1 – 0.001) = 0.1001 Ω.

Page 13 of 19.
Assertion(A): A low power factor wattmeter has special constructional
features to ensure accurate measurment. Reason(R): Extension of wattmeter
range in DC circuit can be easily done by using current and potential
transformer
A is false R is true.
A is true R is false.
Both A and R is true and R is correct explanation of A C.
Both A and R is true and R is not correct explanation of A.
Hint : Current transformer and potential transformer cannot be used in
DC.

02․ In which of the transformer is the secondary nearly short circuited under
normal operating condition?
PT.
Power transformer.
CT.
Distribution transformer.
03․ Figure show an RC potentiometer to measure AC voltage. It is desire that
Vo/Vi should be independent of frequency. The value of C shoud be

10 µF.
11 µF.
0.1 µF.
0.09 µF.
Hint : Since resistance are in the ratio of 10:1. Capacitance should be in
the ratio of 1:10.

04․ To increase Q factor of a coil, the wire should be

thick.
long.
 thin.
long and thin.
Hint : Q is high if resistance is low. Therefore, wire should be thick.

05․ The use of thermocouple meters for AC measurement leads to scale which
is
linear.
square law.
expontial.
logarithmic.

06․ Which of following is not correct?

Voltmeter should have very high resistance.
An electronic voltmeter draw appreciable current from the source.
An ammeter should have a very low resitance.
A shunt should have a very low resistance.
Hint : An electronic voltmeter draws negligible current from the source.

07․ The coil of a moving iron instrument has a resistance of 500 ohm and
inductance of 1 H. It reads 250 V when a 250 V DC is applied. It series
resistance is 2000 ohms its reading when fed by 250 V, 50 Hz AC will be
260 V.
 252 V.
250 V.
248 V.
Hint : Meter current for DC is Meter current for DC is IDC = 250/(2000 +
500) = 0.1A. Meter current for AC is IAC = 250/(2500 + j314.16) = 0.0992A.
Therefore Reading = (0.0992/0.1) × 250 = 248 V.

08․ In a CRO which of following is not a part of electron gun?

Grid
Cathode
X-Y plates
Accelerating anode

09․ Which of following voltmeters would you use for measuring voltage
across 20KΩ resistance
Voltmeter having sensitivity of 10 KW/V.
Voltmeter having a resistance of 5 ΩK.
Voltmeter having sensitivity of 1 KW/V.
None of above.

Hint : The resistance of voltmeter should be very high as compared to 20

KΩ. As it results the sensitivity of voltmeter will be high.
10․ A PMMC voltmeter is connected across a series combination of a DC
voltage source V1 = 2 V and an AC voltage source V2 = 3sin4t, the voltmeters
reads
2 V.
5 V.
(2 + √3/2)V.
0 V.
• Hint : The permanent magnet moving coil measures the DC value only.
The torque will be reversed if the connected to AC, the deflection
responds to the mean torque which is zero.

Page 14 of 19.
01․ An average reading digital multimeter reads 10 V when fed a triangular
wave, symmetric about the axis. For the same input, an rms reading meter
will read
20√3.
10√3.
10.
20.
• Hint : For triangular wave, average value = Vm/3 Hence Vm = average

value X 3 = 10 X 3 = 30 V

02․ The effect of stray magnetic fields on the actuating torque of a portable
instrument is maximum when the operating field of the instrument and stray
fields are
inclined at 30o.
inclined at 60o.
parallel.
 perpendicular.
• Hint : Actuating torque ∝ cos(angle between operating field and
magnetic field). For maximum actuating torque, both fields are parallel.
(Since cos0o = 1 for maximum value cosine).

03․ Kelvin’s double bridge is used to measure low resistance because

there is no thermo electric emf.
it has high sensitivity.
effect of contact and lead resistance is eliminated.
resistance variation due to temperature.

04․ To the y input of a CRO a signal defined by 10sin100t is applied. To the x

input the signal 10cos100t is fed. The gain for both x-channel and y-channel is
the same. The screen shows
a circle.
sinisoidal.
an ellipse.
a straight line.
• Hint : Here, x2 + y2 = 102 (sin2100t + cos2100t) = 100, which is a constant.
This is the equation of a circle. So the screen shows a circle.

05․ An electrodynamic meter can be used to measure

AC volatge.
 DC voltage.
both AC and DC voltage.
DC current.

06․ The main advantage of Anderson bridge over Maxwell bridge is that
reduction of the cost.
balance equation independent of frequency.
attaining balance condition is easier.
measures high Q inductors.

07․ The measurement of a quantity

is a comparison of an unknown quantity with known quantity.
is a comparison of an unknown quantity with another quantity.
is a comparison of an unknown quantity with standard.
none of these.

08․ The internal resistance of Weston standard cell is of order of

1 ohm.
10 ohm.
100 ohm.
 1000 ohm.

09․ The quantity 1/√(∈0 × μ0) in SI units has the

speed of light.
dimension LT-1.
both ‘a’ and ‘b’.
none of these.

10․ Which of the following meter is most suitable for measuring radio
frequency currents?
Moving - coil meter.
Moving - iron meter.
Thermocouple meter.
VTVM.

Page 15 of 19.
01․ Schering bridge is used to measure which of the following?
Frequency.
Inductance.
Capacitance.
Resistance.
02․ A moving coil of a meter has 100 turns, and a length and depth of 10 mm
and 20 mm respectively. It is positioned in a uniform radial flux density of 200
mT. The coil carries a current of 50 mA. The torque on the coil is
200 µNm.
100 µNm.
2 µNm.
1 µNm.

03․ Attraction and repulsion type instruments are the two different types of
which instrument ?
Moving iron type.
Multipliers.
Dynamo-meter type.
Induction type.

04․ A thermometer having first order dynamics is subjected to a sudden

temperature change of 30oc to 150oc. If it has he time constant of 5 sec, what
temperature will be indicated by after 5 sec?
150o.
105.6o.
63.25o.
 30o.
• Hint : For first order system, output c(t) = k0 + (ki + k0)(e-(t/τ)) Where, ki =
Initial temperature; k0 = Final temperature; c(t) = 150 + (30 - 150) e-(5/5); c(t)
= 150 - (120 × 0.37); c(t) = 105.6 oc.

05․ Following is a 16-bit register for 8085 microprocessor

Stack pointer
Accumulator
Register B
Register C

06․ A 8085 microprocessor consist of

Arithmetic and Logic Units (ALU), Control Unit (CU), Registers and
Memory.
Arithmetic and Logic Units (ALU), Control Unit (CU) and Registers.
Arithmetic and Logic Units (ALU), Control Unit (CU), Registers and I/O
devices.
Arithmetic and Logic Units (ALU), Control Unit (CU) and I/O devices.

07․ A voltmeter has 100 scale divisions and can measure up to 100 V. Each
division can be read to ½ division. The resolution of the voltmeter is
1V
 0.5 V
1.5 V
2V
Hint : Resolution is nothing but smallest change in the input that can be
measured by the instrument. In the given instrument smallest change in the
input that can be measured is ½ division. 100division = 100volt 1division =
1volt 1/2division = 0.5volt

08․ The resistance of a circuit is found by measuring current flowing and the
power fed into the circuit. If the limiting errors in the measurement of power
and current are ± 1.5% and ± 1.0% respectively, the limiting error in the
measurement of resistance
± 3.5%
± 1%
± 2.5%
± 1.5%

09․ The difference between the measured value and the true value is called
probable error
absolute error
gross error
relative error
10․ The errors introduced by an instrument fall in which category ?
Systematic errors
Random errors
Gross errors
Environmental errors

Page 16 of 19.

01․ A 150 V moving iron voltmeter of accuracy class 1-0 reads 75 V when used
in a circuit under standard condition. The maximum possible percentage error
in the reading is
1%
1.5%
2%
2.5%
Hint : Class 1-0 means guaranteed accuracy of 1% of full scale. ± 1 % of 150 volt
is ± 1.5v Now, 75 × (L.E./100) = ±1.5 (Limiting Error) L.E. = 2 %

02․ The maximum percentage error in the sum of two voltage measurements
when V1 = 100V ± 1% and V2 = 80V ± 5% is
± 4%
± 2.8%
± 6%
± 3%
• Hint : Given, V1 = 100V ± 1%............. (i) 1% of 100 V is 1 V So, we can
rewrite (i) as V1 = 100 V ± 1 V…………(iii) Given, V2 = 80 V ± 5
%............(ii) 5% of 80 V is 4 V So we can rewrite (ii) as V2 = 80 V ± 4
 V………….(iv) Now adding (iii) and (iv) V1 + V2 = 180 V ± 5 V……….(v)
As, 5 V is 2.8% of 180 V, (v) can be rewritten as V1 + V2 = 180 V ± 2.8%

03․ A resistance of 105 ohms is specified using significant figures as indicated

below : 1. 105 ohms 2. 105.0 ohms 3. 0.000105 mega ohms Among these,
1 represents greater precision than 2 and 3.
1, 2 and 3 represent same precision.
2 and 3 represent greater precision than 1.
2 represents greater precision but 1 and 3 represent same precision.
• Hint : Precision indicates measure of reproducibility of a machine i.e.
how nearer the all outputs are for the same inputs. We know, 0.000105
mega ohms = 105 ohms so we can say 1 and 3 has same precision. In
case of 105.0 ohms, it has an extra digit after decimal point which leads
it to have greater degree of reproducibility. SO, we can say it has greater
precision than 1 and 3.

04․ In flux meter, the controlling torque is produced by

weight attached to the moving coil.
spring.
not provided at all.
crossed coil mechanism.
05․ The resistance of a circuit is measured from the relation R= P/I2, where P is
the power fed into the circuit and I is the current flowing through it. If the
limiting errors in the measurement of power and current are respectively ±
1.0% and ± 1.0%, then what will be the limiting error in measurement of
resistance ?
± 3.0%
±0.5%
± 1.5%
±3.5%
• Hint :

06․ Assertion (A) : Precision is a necessary prerequisiteof accuracy. Reason (R)

: Precision guarantees accuracy.
A is true but R is false
A is false bur R is true
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A

07․ An ammeter of range 0-25 A has a guaranteed accuracy of 1% of full-scale

reading. The current measured by the ammeter is 5 A. The limiting error in
the reading is
3%
4%
5%
 6%
• Hint :

08․ In a wheatstone bridge, a change of 6 Ω in the unknown arm of bridge is

required to produce a change in deflection of 2.4 mm of the galvanometer.
The sensitivity is
2.5 mm/Ω
0.8 mm/Ω
0.4 mm/Ω
5.0 mm/Ω
Hint : Sensitivity is nothing but the ratio of change in output to change in
input. Hence, Sensitivity =2.4/6 = 0.4 mm/Ω.

09․ For a circuit given that I = 2 ± 5 % A, R = 100 ± 0.2 % Ω the limiting error in
the power dissipation I2 R in the resistor R is
25.2%
1.2%
5.2%
10.2%
• Hint :
10․ A transducer measures a range of 0 – 200 N force with a resolution of 0.15
percent of full scale. What is the smallest change which can be measured by
this transducer ?
0.15 N
3.33 N
0.3 N
6.66 N
• Hint : Resolution is nothing but smallest change in the input that can be
measured by the instrument. It is given that Resolution = 0.15 % of full
scale. Hence, Smallest change which can be measured by the transducer
is (0.15/100) × 200 = 0.3 N.

Page 17 of 19.

01․ Consider the following statements : In a measuring instrument, 1.

Linearity is more important than sensitivity. 2. High precision indicates high
accuracy 3. Accuracy cannot be better than resolution. Of these statements
1 and 3 are correct
1 and 2 are correct
1, 2 and 3 are correct
2 and 3 are correct
• Hint : Linearity is more important than sensitivity so that output can
vary linearly with input. High precision do not indicate high accuracy.
Resolution is the smallest output that can be displayed on the
instrument clearly. So if resolution is high then instrument holds
accuracy.

02․ A resistance is measured by the voltmeter-ammeter method employing dc

excitation and a voltmeter of very high resistance connected directly across
the unknown resistance. If the voltmeter and ammeter reading are subject to
maximum possible errors of ± 2.4 % and ± 1.0 % respectively, then the
magnitude of the maximum possible percentage error in the value of
resistance deduced from the measurement is nearly
± 1%
± 2.4%
± 3.4%
± 1.4%

• Hint :

03․ The limiting errors of measurement of power consumed by and the

current passing through a resistance are ±1.5% and ±1% respectively. What is
the limiting error ( in %) of measurement of resistance ?
± 1.5%
± 1%
± 2.5%
±3.5%

04․ The expected value of the voltage across a resistor is 80 V, and the
measured value is 79 V. What is the percentage error and relative accuracy of
the measurement ?
1.25% & 98.75%
1.5% & 99%
1.25% & 98.25%
 1.5% & 98.75%
• Hint :

05․ A voltage of 2.70 V is being measured by an analog indicating instrument

having a scale range of 0 – 5.0 V. If the instrument reads 2.65 V, then absolute
error in measurement is
0.01V
0.05V
0.01V
0.25V
• Hint : Absolute error = Actual value - Measured value = 2.70 - 2.65 = 0.05
V

06․ The current ‘I’ through a resistance R is measures with the following
uncertainties I = 4 A ± 0.5%, R = 100Ω±0.2%. If power is computed from these
two measured quantities, the uncertainty in the power computed will be
1%
0.5%
1.5%
1.2%
07․ A set of independent current measurements taken by four observers was
recorded as : 117.02 mA, 117.11 mA, 117.08 mA and 117.03 mA. What is the
range of error ?
± 0.045
± 0.054
± 0.065
± 0.056
• Hint :

08․ 0-150 V voltmeter has an accuracy of 1% of full-scale reading. The voltage

measured by the instrument is 75 V. The limiting error is
1%
2%
3%
4%
• Hint :

09․ The total current I = I1 + I2 in a circuit is measured as I1 = 150 ± 1A , I2 = 250 ±

2A, where the limits of error are as standard deviations. I is measured as
(400 ± 1.5) A
 (400 ± 1) A
(400 ± 3) A
(400 ± 2.24) A
• Hint :

10․ To measure 5 volts, if one selects a 0-100 volt range voltmeter which is
accurate with in ± 1%, then the error in this measurement may be up to
± 1.5%
± 2.5%
± 7.5 %
± 20%

Page 18 of 19.

01․ The total current I = I1 + I2 in a circuit is measured I1 = 150 ± 3A , I2 = 250 ± 4

A, where the limits of error are given as standard deviations. I is measured as
(400 ± 3) A
(400 ± 2.24) A
(400 ±5) A
(400 ± 1) A
02․ A first order instrument is characterized by
Static sensitivity and damping coefficient
Time constant only
Static sensitivity and time constant
Static sensitivity, damping coefficient and natural frequency of
oscillations

Hint : A first order system can be represented as Where, T is

time constant.

03․ The ratio of change in output to the change in the input is called
precision
resolution
sensitivity
repeatability

04․ The difference between the indicated value and the true value of a
quantity is
Dynamic error
Gross error
Absolute error
Relative error
05․ Which one the following statements is correct? The application of the
instrument in wrong manner in the procedure of measurement results in a/an
instrument error
random error
systematic error
gross error

06․ Two capacitance, C1 = 150 ± 2.4µF and C2 = 120 ± 1.5 µF are connected in
parallel. What is the limiting error of the resultant capacitance C (in µF) ?
3.9µF
2.4µF
1.5µF
0.9µF
• Hint : Equivalent capacitance of the given parallel combination is C = C1 +
C2. So, limiting error of C is (2.4 + 1.5) = 3.9 μF

07․ Dynamic errors are caused by

instrument not responding fast
human error
environmental error
observational error
08․ If two 300V full scale voltmeters V1 and V2 having sensitivities of 100
kOhm/V and 150 kOhm/V are connected in series to measure 500V then
V1 = 200V and V2 = 300V.
V1 = 250V and V2 = 250V.
V1 = 300V and V2 = 200V.
V1 = 0V and V2 = 0V.
• Hint : The reading of voltmeters will be given as Reading of V1/ Reading
of V2 = Sensitivity of V1/ Sensitivity of V2.

09․ A 0 - 200 V voltmeter has a guaranteed accuracy of 1% of full scale

reading. The voltage measured by this instrument is 50 V. What is the limiting
error?
2%
3%
4%
5%

10․ The three resistors R1, R2 and R3 have the following ratings: R1 = 25Ω ± 4%,
R2 = 65 Ω ± 4%; R3 =45 Ω ± 4%. If the resistance are connected in series, then
limiting error produced in equivalent resistance is
1%
2%
3%
 4%
Hint : As limiting error of each resistance is ± 4% the limiting error of
series combination of all resistance will also be ± 4%

Page 19 of 19.

01․ Which one of the following meters has maximum loading effect on the
circuit under measurement ?
1000 Ω/volt
10 MΩ/volt
100 Ω/volt
1 MΩ/volt
• Hint : Maximum loading effect takes place due to low sensitivity of the
instrument.

02․ The inductance of a certain moving iron ammeter is expressed as L = 2+5θ-

θ2 µH. The control spring torque is 2 × 10-6 Nm/radian. Find the deflection in
radians for a current of 2A.
1
2
4
5
• Hint : The deflecting torque of a moving iron instrument (T) = 0.5I2dL/dθ.
I = 2A; T = 2 × 10-6 Nm/radian; dL/dθ = 5-2θ μH; So, 5-2θ = 1; θ = 2.
03․ A variable w is related to three other variables x, y and z as w = xy/z. The
variables are measured with meters of accuracy ± 0.5% reading, ± 1% of full
scale value and ± 1.5% reading. The actual readings of the three meters are 80,
20 and 50 with 100 being the full scale value for all three. The maximum
uncertainty in the measurement of w will be
± 5%
± 6%
± 7%
± 8%

Hint :

04․ Assertion (A) : It is always desirable to take the reading of an indicating

instrument very close to the full scale reading. Reason (R) : Accuracy of an
indicating instrument is maximum at the full scale deflection and error
increases as reading comes closer to the beginning of the scale.
A is true but R is false
A is false bur R is true
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
• Hint : Accuracy of an indicating instrument is maximum at the full scale
deflection and error increases as reading comes closer to the beginning
of the scale.