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77 views50 pagesFourier Transforms
Fourier Transforms (pdf)
Uploaded by
anandCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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/ 50
INTRODUCTION
‘Atransformation is a mathematical device which converts or ‘changes one function into
another function. For example, differentiation and integration are transformations.
Inthe previous class the students have already studied the use of Laplace transformations
jnobtaining solutions of ordinary differential equations.
Fourier transforms are used in solving the partial differential equations with boundary
conditions)
Inthis chapter, some of the well-known integral transforms will be introduced and their
roperties will be studied which will be used in the solution of partial differential equations)
‘Also we discuss the application of finite and infinite Fourier integral transforms which are
sathematical devices from which we obtain the solutions of boundary value problems related
toengineering. For example, conduction of heat, free and forced vibrations of a membrane,
masverse vibrations of a string, transverse oscillations of an elastic beam etc.
ail
(A periodic function f(x) defined in an interval (—/,/) can be expressed in Fourier
Ssties. By extending this concept, non-periodic functions defined in the interval (2,0) can
Reswessed asa Fourier integra), 4g Gpq ;
Fourier transforms are used to decompose a signal into its constituent frequencies.
This is analogons tora prism separating white light into its component bands of colored light.
‘nthe same way that sunglasses reduce the glass of white light by permitting only the passage
ofthe softer green light, thé Fourier transform can be used to modify a signal to achieve a
sited effect. Analyzing the component frequencies of a signal or a system, Foutier series
2nd transforrhs find use in a wide variety of applications, such as aircraft and space craft
{idance, digital signal processing, medical imaging, oil and gas exploration and the solution
Of differential equations.
42 DEFINITION
’
The integral transform of a function f(t) is defined by
’
Me)= rf] = [py kp. at
Where k (p, 1) is called the kernel of the integral transform and is a function of p and f.
Examples of different kemels are as follows :
© Ifk@, ) =e, a=0 and b > © then we get the Laplace transform of /(),
Fp) = Lipo = fem rear
° 285
Scanned with CamScanner Uy
6 \
the Infinite Fouri
1 gp ao and b> then we have the SUE tans
(i) IEKp,)=e", a
of fO 5
Fin Anais [soe .
then we have the Mellin transform of
(i) kp. D = I a-90 and be ty
2 Tens MPO FOE
rier . Before proving this the
Fi al theorem. Be! orem ye
ve shall prove the Fourier integral Me! ’ e
re vel au Dirichlet’s conditions which play an important role in the sty, yg
Fourier transforms and covers many engineering applications.
4.3 DIRICHLET'S CONDITIONS
A function f(x) is said to satisfy Dirichlet’s conditions in the interval (a, ), if
(i) f(s) defined and is single valued function except possibly at a finite numbery
points in the interval (a,, B) and
(i f(a) and f*() are piecewise continuous in (ct, B).
44 FOURIER INTEGRAL THEOREM [INTU 2004S, 2006, 2007S (Set No.tf)
138
It states that Her [HOesn0-» dt dp
Proofs] 7 softs,
‘Let f(2) bea function satisfying the Dirichlet conditions in every interval 1)
snd defined as f(x) =
1
e+) +s i
e+) + fo-0) at every point of discontinuity.
‘Werknow that the Foutier series off (x
Din (1,1) is giv
Hebe 03 (ot siven by
nero eke reat
=)
“ee wet { WWdt, of
i
- S(O cos ,
Substituting these ate, : and 5, =4 l Ns
Mra lroasss {sO ey "0 (1), We get
“ahoatst,, . Tals [rosa oF }
i= cost msl)
[-cos (AB) en 7
A
Onin
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i limit as
et Jl/0O14* converges, i it has a finite value. Now, assuming that the lim
° in @, We have the first term
-
1
lim [a f roa =0, since
injar
1
Le [reat
4
1
1
s afl SOlde
Rahs
Now put 7 = & in the second term of (2), then it takes the form
Ly
t
1
[frosts =») aie
natl-r +(3)
Now as ! > 2 or Sp —> 0, (3) takes the form
1 _o . . o ©
2] froome—safn since din, er Ee [rove
Thus, as /-> «, (2) takes the form
f= 2 J J 1e0e08 pee-2at ep lA)
d=
The representation of (4) of f(x) is known as FourlesJntegralo
45 FOURIER SINE AND COSINE INTEGRALS
Remembering cos (A~B) expansion, expanding the cos p(t—2), the Fourier integral of
{() given by (4) may be written as,
Sej=2 J Jfcoscnrcos¢ne)+sin(prsin(ps)] f(0) dt dp.
afea
=4 feoscpe) [cos(on) £0) at de +1 fsncm J sin(pt) f(O dt dp
(3)
3 a
When f( is an odd function cospt,() is an odd function and sin ptf) is an even
function. So, the first integral in the right side of (5) becomes zero. Therefore, we get
f(x) = 2 Join px if ‘£(O)sin pt dt dp} +=(6)
I a a “
Which i Fourier Sine Integral. ree
( Inthe one vay eS His ‘an even function, the second integral in the right side of
hon ,
Comes zero. Therefore, we get
D
(x) =2 eos px i ‘F(t)eos pt at dp}
a a
This is known as the Fourler Cosine Integral.
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Example Using Fourie integral show that
207 =a*) F_dsin idk 4, 670
2007, 20085 (Set No,py
x” oy 2 22
n gO? tae +0) psru 2006, : os
Hin, we use Fourier Sine i
Solution : Since the integrand on R-HLS. contains sine (© te.
gral formula. |
‘We know that Fourier sine integral for) i given by
fy=2 fein x fro sin pt dt dp
z
0 0
Replacing p with a, we get
“@
22 [sin sin at dt dd
x)= ax SO!
JORs j 7 fre
Here f(x)=e™ ae io
or sweet
Substituting (2) in (1),
pat _ eM )sin wala
pe=2 fi aff
m4
~2 fi nffiereane- | ke a ala
2 2 bt 3
22 fein nx] | 2 — (asin be 2e0s Mt oo at—2cos |
= = fin lf (casi ae f
we get
+a?
fF a
ing [et sinbx de = —— (asin bx Boos bx)
[ni rant
27. h h
fe) == rin inf oat
Scanned with CamScanner * 209
= 2 frinas ait
Ro Oe eR
PR =a*) > f Asin
n
Asin
jo? +a) O2 +
we a
at ght sina
© psample2+Using Fourier integral, = £08 nh, ;
ramp! ‘eral, show that er dhs Fi Ocxeg
GVirs,
NTU 2006 2085 seta. 2
n
Solution: Let a 0 7 OB ifrs _ (I)
We know that Fourier sine integral of fx) ig given by
Se) ay sin Ax fro d
== isin At dt a,
FO 8 ~@
Substituting (1) in (2), we get
2% *
fis) = = es de [jos uM ala
27 *
= = frin ax fF -sin wala
mi oO 0
- BEY a
a 0
= : 2 a Q)
cos Ar 08 An
; 1G prifocsee
= |sin 2x dd. = f(x) or |——
a 0
0, ifx>m
Scanned with CamScanner Solution : Since the integrand contains cosine term, we use Fourier cosine integra
©. By Fourier cosine integral formula,
25 i pt dt dp
= = [eos px [feos
AN > ! 3
Replacing ‘p" with ‘A’, we get
«
fe =f “F(NeosAt coshx dt dh
x
°
0
Let fa) =e. Then
27% = 2 feos Ax “Jer cose a dn.
ew==f (e“ cosht coshx dt dh = — 3
®alo 0
2% dh = 2a% ae dn
a wae pera?
Solution :Using Fourier cosine integral formula [-- The integrad contains cosine tem},
we have
27 ot
Sx) = = foos px [/ cos pt dt dp
™ 0
Replacing ‘p’with ‘A’ we get
222
Sx) = =f [F(eosdteos Ax dt di
"00
Let f(x) = e* cos x. Then
Scanned with CamScanner 291
1 Tie {cos(-+ -+08(2— 17} ahs dn
eal!
14 ata [ Je enteae Sg
loam (=I)? +1 5 ash
ey
ecko oan
gla? +2042 07-2042.
j 2002 +2)coshx en
pLt@? +2)+20) (0? +2)—2A]
2292
2 fj Oe Reosa 2 +2)cosax dea 2 +2
Ax dh.
al 27 (ay aaa
eee f@)= (ot nie
=) in (Aah.
ited EY
I for 0 a2
~3{ f(n-0)+ f(t O]-2(42
4.@-FOURIER INTEGRAL IN COMPLEX FORM
tas
fa@=x J J PO) F(t) dt dp
Proof : Fourier Integral theorem states that
F@)=2f [oosp ¢—nstoaeap
oe
Since cos p(¢— x) is an even function of p, we have
es
Fe=5- J feos pe-x) f0 dt dp -()
Also, since sin p(t—x) is an odd function, we have
O= sey= J Jsinp—2) £0 at dp 0
Now, multiply (2) by i and adding to (1), we get
12°
Se) ard f J [eos p(t ~ x) + isin p(t — x)] f()at dp
1S 4
> fe)=5- t fer rayar ap]
3)
Relation (3) is called Fourier's Complex Integral. +.
4.7 FOURIER INTEGRAL REPRESENTATION OF ANY FUNCTION
Let f(x) be any function, then from (S) [in 4:5], we have
13 x . :
=H foo 1%,
Sa)== | 70 f cos(pt) f(t) dt dp +t foincoe) Jsincon Sf (dtdp
a uh
Scanned with CamScanner eorerTonsforms
Now write 0,(p) = J costpn sear and 0,(p) = J since, (ode
Then it becomes
17 Lt :
fs force) costa a [0ateysincrrp
2 ‘low cos(px) + 03()sin(px)]dp
Further, if/() isan odd function, then
f@= Jexorinren, where 0,(p) = 2f sinpo staat
0
and, if, A093 is an even function, then’
f@=t 2 Jaw cos px dp, where ®,(p) = 2feocoo f(t)dt
FINITE AND INFINITE FOURIER TRANSFORMS AND INVERSE TRANSFORMS
48
The complex form of Fourier integral of any function(s) i inthe form,
1 7 :
sax J j e-9) 50) at dp = =f a] feu ey at» m1)
Now, write F(p) = jer (dat 7 : (2)
Then (1) becomes, flx) = + x [Poe dp. 3)
Here, the function Fi is called the Fourier transform of f(x) and the function f(x) is
called the Inverse Fourier Transform of F(p). Thus we obtain ‘thie definition of Fourier
Transform as follows : “4
1. The Infinite Fourier Transform of f(x) ~
Definition 1, The Fourier transform of a function f(x) is given by
FUG) =F(p)= f seerar
The Inverse Fourier Transform of F(p) is given by
eT evpye i
fey=s J rine dp
Scanned with CamScanner nition 2, Some authors # iso define the Fourier Transform as
,
1
corinm = Fo Fe LO
(iA) = se Jr wap
nd. aS authors also defi
ede
fine the Fourier transform as follows:
in
Definition
Od
(Fyio = AD) = J ae
ly de
vo Ro PEO) = 35 [FO
rm
“pF uton o of article 4.5, we have
f= 2 < joni
Now write ip) [persian a.
(pt)f (dt dp which is the Fourier Sine Integral.
Then f(x) becomes ‘fey? j F,(p) sin (px) dp
The function F,(p) is defined to be the (infinite) Fourier Sine Transform of f(y
where 0 +0, then t> +00
aFytaal= | Mot] oe so a=4 r( 2)
Note. IfF,(p) and F (p) are the Fourier Sine and Cosine transforms of f (x) respect
then
ete) ta
mterterl anim
3. Shifting Property
If F(p) [or F(s)], is th “
transform of f(s =) is eb oe oan ati of f(), then the complex Fout™
ie. F/-ol=eF(p) or Fits —a)]= et AY)
ew 2005, 20075, (Set No. 2), INTU (A) June 2011 (set
Proof: We have F(p)= fe jaya
ol
(1)
“ FS@-a)= Jemre sy ae
Scanned with CamScanner serene
oe
Lf (x-a)] = ferns dt [Put x—a=t so that de = dt.
When x > ~, 1» wand if x9 +0, 49 +2)
=e Ne fit) dt = e?*F(p), from (1)
ote. (0 FAR) = 28, {2 ) an rte = Le (2 2)
podulation Theorem
If Fp) [or F(s)] is the complex Fourier transform of f(x), then the complex Fourier
gansorm of f(8) COS a is dros a)+ F(p-a)] or FlFo+a+Fe- -a)j.
[INTU 2005, 2007S, (A) June 2011 (Set No.2)]
proof: We have
Fin)= Je Fear.
=. Ff (s)cosax} = I* S(x)cosax de
5 Lent
-3 [F@+a)+F(e- al
Scanned with CamScanner 2 AUUL UL (Hy 19 ITLL AS ALL CACIUIDE 1UL UIE 1CaUeL,
ES. 1: Find the Fourier transform of f(x) defined by fs) = {i ia Ie S si
hence evaluate pea ole fa] aad [essere ap i v we
INTU 2003(Set
Solution : We have val (Set No.2), 2004 Set No.3)
FLA) = fe 2 f(x) de = J oP f(x)de + Io fide + Jen fede
on ee oipa_ ipa 2
= fea =|] = AE 2 inh (ipa
—p a aot ip
+ FLF@)] = F(p)= atee
in x]
Second Part:
~
But we know that if F(p) = J e* f(x) dx , then by the inversion formula
-0
foe) = | Fea,
| bP Bing file eo
an, Dp 0,|x|>a
Scanned with CamScanner 1% 2si i; ®re:
put LS. =5— | mc pe dp — 7 2sing
2x SSNPS sin px dp
> mr. OP
a i 2sin pacos px ;
Qn > * (since the second integral is an odd function)
j sinap.cospx , _{nJxlca
“= P Ixpa we (I)
Note : Put x=0 in (1), Then we have
i ae
P
A Q,if a<0
-- 2f8BP gy aftit aro
= 9 0,if a<0
me La
> if
pet a= sifa>0
- ‘
a * O,if a<0 :
Third Part: ~~.
Ifx=0 and a= 1, then
[Be apen 4
Fsinp mt op [SX =F
or JE Zap=% or | mde = 5
oP 0 a
Example 2 : Find the Fourier transform of f(x) defined by ~
_ fi-2?, if [xis
w= fh pif [x|>1 :
Hence evaluate () [>°°="™* cos = ae
Hi x 2.
. __ [NTU 2003 (Set No. 1), 2005S, 2007S (Set No. 3)]
ay Txeose sine 4
Gy PRR ae
e : 2
Solution: We have FLFG)] = Je Ce) de
- L
= J ePode+ fe 22) dee foods . fa-ye" pf
= 1 1 a4
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: a +t -e]
P
p
2s) [=a
a P
7 :
or Fifx= e (pcos p-sin p)
Second Part :
(Now by inversion formula, we have
1
$0)" 39 | frwera
Me
+ (Pees p~sinp)e dp f ekg A)
1
oon 0, [xl>1
soos
7 Or
Putting x= = in (A), we get .
= 1 “Agua iaapaPibe ee
an tp 4
or [pirer-molonb 2a =-38
nib
8
[PEP cos 0s F dp= 22 (Equating teal pars)
or 2[PSSP=SiNP ogg Pym since integrand is even
P
fees sinx ,, Fae =n
spot z
(ii) Putting x= 0in bi we get
zg [pome- mane
* peos p-sinP 4,
! P 2
[ -- Integrand is even function]
x ‘{peosp-sinp » ok
2 or rd
Scanned with CamScanner es
cos x — SiN
o
= =
° 4
“Ssinx— = XEO8 a=
oe PES ant
panmie: sini the Fourier transform of f(x) defined by —
40)" n sap
ig fen iaoeas)
xb
Lo [SNTU 20048, 20065 (Set No. 3)]
Saution : We have
s y .
FLL@I = Je F@)de = fer emax
= a
ellP+ 0B _ gilp+aya
é _ ier
Sample 3 4} Find Fourie transform off) deine by 1):
wo
ip Pp), pp),
aePt gpa xae Pt e-pa
“(pp Sr Ee oss
‘ PoP Pp P
= pee teres AL loa _ gay
P P
400s pa , isin pa
=2 | Sess , isinpa
P P
$< eos pa)+—+ aisin pa
P P
2 [2 see al = 2 (sin ap — ap cos ap)
us =
for xia \/
Sor |xba>0
‘Solution : The Fourier transform of fl (2) is given by
Peon = | seoetaen | ra) emacs Lrerace [poor
- fo Paes foosseb aca f fo- vehi
-a
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309
4 h
= fePeos xe = |e” 2
=
“a Pp? g POs. sin |
joa Le
Cale oS
= —5(ipcosassingy
1-p> ) Tap? Pe0sa~sing)
= —s| (cP? ~ e-pa
os ne G eras eh vem ying]
oles
ox ile isin pay(ipcosa)+2co8 pa. sin a]
ee:
0 for|xia
The Fourier ‘transform ofa fiction fn) is is given by
a {sin a-e08 pa~ peosa-sin pal
+ Find the Fourier transform of fa) = Sor\x\sa
a
FCO} = [r@emar = Yr emacs Jt) aes [yt eae
. Jo +o de +. [fora Jo. ae
tf) = in-asxsa and fx)=Oin-ocxe-a mnd-acxPli-»
- >| e (Z p itp) \i-p 1+P 2i*[1-p
eal eel
ater Pp
2 FY@)} = Fe) = |
Selution: By definition
F{fix)} = j L(x) Pde
‘Substituting the value of (x), we get
FY@)) = fre cds = feel? de
0
fees mT 1 _ ws?
“Ppt @n), @-0? 0? +0?
(ip +1?
By definition, F{fx)} = i Saye ae
-2
Substituting the value of (x), we get
Fife} = i ott dima, = jeer 108
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2
73.
Fase for
Le .
ae aa Se (- jetaav) a Q)
pt a= 75 in (1). Then Fee?) = Vine?!
Bam : Find the Fourier t
cos px pT sais ‘i
Aieee =e" reese
solution: By definition,
Fe} = J 7 oetaa i e-4I(cos px + isin px)dx
= J eo *lc0s px de-+i J eosin prds = 2 Jerdcos prdx+i(0)
-o Fy
[-+ Integrand in first integral is even and odd in second integral]
”. a 2a
22 feeos pede = 2 = (1)
0
a+p? a+p?
Deduction :
(By inversion formula, we have
1% 2a ie a ft ms
-ahl = dp = (cos px —
eakl =a IF ze dp a laae px—isin px)dp
= 24 [SSPE dp [-v The second integral is zero]
jae’
al
Scanned with CamScanner an d'F(p)
Gi) We know that Ff" /()}=0 a
For n= 1, we have
dy. d a
Fixs@o}= spite] = CoO
» af,
Hence {xe} = coslt
-1 ean
= (2a) pe? = @apy
5
\asamot 17: Find the Fourier transform of f(x) = e"!and deduce that |
Sosa ay = Be, Hence show that F(xe) = iE eat
gure 2 m (1+s’)
MINTUGH June 2009 Setxay
Solution : Put a= 1 in the above problem
Pox, if |xlca
/Sxample 18 : Find the Fourier transform of fos) { mt
0 ff |xPa>0
«a
Hes sow at SB TOHE gy 5 a2)
:
[INTU(A) June 2009 (Set No. 2) J
Solution : Fourier transform of a function /(x) is given Seen net
FU@)} =
J S() ede = I Swear 4 i Sede + j Hoe Pas
WW
i
|
wi
fora Jor emace fo.dmace fe a2)
Scanned with CamScanner 2a ipa 4 pay, iy ‘ c,
SFreM +e Meyle ipa ipa eta fo? + aye" — pay
P
2i S 0, 10
- Foose) = (2h sinap) [+ cos 0= ©. te
? and sin ® =
een
BA sin ap ,
Fen pr
4
= = (sin ap ~ ap cos ap) = F(p), say ...(1)
?
yction -
sow by sing inversion formula, we have —
fe) tI F(p) eP*dp = U0 $3 nap —apeasap)e ap
al
2
1
au ao ap — ap cos ap) (cos px —isin px)dp
: [meee
P
cos px dp
[: The second integral is zero because the integrand is odd]
5 fey= 4 [SMP AP 008 oP os pp [:-Integrand is even function]... 2)
7 P ;
°
Putting a = 1 in (2), we get
42
f@= ‘ looped Pp poss mare 6)
0
"Now puting x = Oin a we get
_ 4 sin p-peosp
f0)= — [RP=BOSP ay
" P
0
2.
ie, = 4 fP=PeosP yp
t 0 P
ie, faepeoe pos ee cis “fsinx—xcosx 5m
4 x yt
tae the result
Scanned with CamScanner a emTatics
MS RELATED TO (INFINITE) FOURTER SIND
AND COSINE TRANSFORMS
PROBLE
-Example 1 : Find the Fourier Sine and Cosine transforms of x.
Solution : By definition,
FO)= [reosinpe ae =
[sin px de
and F.Q)= [x cospxav
Let F(p)= [ixema
Put ipx = y, Then ip.de = dy
= Per 21 Py a
Fo) Cee phe dy
=-1@), by def. of Gamma function
[: T(n)= 5 "ex" dk and F(n) = (n-Dlif nis +ve ins]
+ FQ)= Ls [rem =
P P
Equating real and imaginary Parts, we get
Example 2 : Find the Fourier Cosine transform of the fi
0 nae Rees ah
Sa) = i as JINTU 2008s SetN6, 3), 20068,2007
Solution ; We have
a 5 ;
FLL) = [ £02) 008 px de = feos xcos px de = ; Joos + pyx + cos(t - p)x]a
0 0 é
= Lfsin( + p)x , sin(l— px]? _ 1 [ae + p)a , sin(l - p)a
21 Te I-p |, 2[ 71+ 1-p
Example 3 : Find the Fourier Sine transform of ,
in x, 0 7
0 0)= POSES ay gynes
Solution : (i) We have
FU) = [Pledsinpeds = [a)sinpede + [Fes pee
= ffsins sin pe ce + [0.sin px de
o ,
Scanned with CamScanner al. L pa
= 3 f2sinx sin px de +0 = sh [cos(t- p)x - cos(t + p)x] dx
= Hf Sad poe _ sso y
2, 1=p I+p |,
(i) Fle}= pres sin pr de
NT 6 doe 046.0924
Solution; Fourier Sine transform
We have
FUL@)] = J £(@) sin pr de = |S sinpeae
a 0
Differentiating both sides w.r-. ‘p’, we get
xe" cos px = [ o- __a
plbY@) = Ie cos px de pee
=F(ee} “Fie
‘Integrating w.r.t. ‘p’, we get
FLFe) = “log Fee? = an'(2)+e
Ifp=0, then F,[/(x)]=0 and therefore c = 0.
AUY@I= tan (2) or F, {=} = tan (2) we (A)
We know that Fourier Sine transform of f(x) is given by
EU@}= [/Odsin px de
“oO
of RAG} = [fepsin sx ae (1)
0
Li oot ne
Oo, Q)
Scanned with CamScanner Substituting (2) in (1), we get
4 wr(2)-on"() sig (A)
© nar not s als
ee : ys =
of sins 2 r |
a
Fourier Cosine Transform : [INTU (A) June 2011 (Set No, 4), Dec, 2
By definition,
= 8 par
FUP) = [Fce)e0s pede = [—eos pra
3 3
Differentiating on both sides w.r.t.‘p’, we get
d © at % 5 [_-at
ZEVON = 3 prde= i= cos ods
© pas by
fe (-sin px)-x de = fem sin px de
oO 0
. 3
: fe gin be de 2
Pep fe sheesh
Integrating w.rt. ‘p’, we get
RS@y =~ f
ae =~ Flog(p? +4)
™
EAs@)}= ef
77
~ ler" +02) 4
1 >
= —log| P_ +d’
znd 5)
1
=| 2
2 08(P* +8?) (See Solved Ex. 4)
ta?
Scanned with CamScanner sions Let = FILO) = Jtimne | jee e()
solutior
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. ‘p’, we get
LPM} ofa .-Q)
+
C (x? +1-1)sin px
=- feo =f Eth de
rea j (+x)
Wa 1
=-|/-- sin px de
iE al »
¢ sin px sin px __ mf _sinpx ge
=- de + [SOP ae =- 5+ -
lam LBs, Saeed
Differentiating again w.r.t. ‘p’, we get
Leven = [ee- LUO
e
which gives (D? - » Ff] =
whose general solutionis _F, [, _ = ce? +e, &? 3)
Now, when p = 0
ruse J 5 aha = fart aff =
Also ale Lf@)]} =-> 5 (hen p= 0) +(4)
x — @),wehave c+ => and ¢,—G =
By solving, c, = 0 and c, = 3 [by on
Thus from (1), we have F,.f)] =1= ger (5)
Second Part.
Now &
e? [using (5)]
dp 2
So from (2), we get
Scanned with CamScanner 318 Engineering Mather
‘ 1
‘Axample 6 : Find Fourier sine transform of f(x) = = (+a)
i “ (NTU
cosine transft =:
ransform of => ie
x
Solution : We have
RLfO= Prenat = I, a na
Ditterentating both sides wank ‘p’, we get
a = f cospx
StRUON = Jave®
Ve know that pee + y=
+a?
Now multiplying both sides by cos px and then integrating the resulting function from
to =, w.nt. ‘x’, we get
js cos pr
arta
ce = ] Jonoone a ds
= j 2ye#? i e*? cos pr al ay
0 a
Now let $= fe** cos pe de.
(3)
. ec)
Differentiating. w.rt. ‘p’, we get
a = Jer" (Cxsin px) de
a fayte? Casi Lt ye,
ae (xsi px) = afte 22 sin pe de
1 o a
=|(e""* sinze) Jor?” peos pa
z
1
. = 57 O- ps]
ase
>
dp 2
as dp
Ss 3
Integrating, we get
-p? cad
logs =F +108 6 log. s0g
Scanned with CamScanner whichgives S =ce*” w(4)
But when p = 0, S= fora alt
0 »
5
.. From (4), we have 2y
2S fer cospr de= 5%
2
. From (3), we have
-p?
2 . maty? ye 7
[EP dew faye Ee ay = Jefe
+a’ 0 y 0
ox
22g?
aie 2a =Z igre (5)
2a
.. From (2), 3 gh Y@} = Fer
Integrating a sides w.r.t. ‘p’, we get
FO) =F J e™ ab =
aut PA + ey (6)
But when p = 0, from (1), we have
F,[f@)] = 0 and c, oa [From (6)]
246,
We =a"?
Thus F, [f(x] => See
Ind part IE £08) = a , then
F FO [S8 SSPE adc =e. [From Oo
(Example 7 :Find the ar cosine transform of on
Solution :;By definition,
Fe} = fer cos px dx =I (say) Al)
Differentiating both sides w.r-t. 'p’, we get
= [oe (-xsin px)de
o
a
dp
Scanned with CamScanner * sinpax— f pe cos pr ay
lb
A (axe) sin pe =
240
dl
1
-p pls
Integrating, !og J = Es toge or [= ce? “
When p = 0, then I= fre ods, from (1)
7 Benes Fe} a _
Example 8 : Find Fourier cbaize andSine transforms of e™, a> 0 and hence dedus
the inversion formula. .
(01) Deduce the integrals (/) [eee en jee ‘ eg
Nt ze ih No.1), 20048 (Set No, 2), 2005, Aug. 20088 (Set Not)
Solution : Let f(z) =e.
Ff} = one jen cos pr de
a
FP
and F,f(@)} = redsin peat = Jer* sin pe a
o o
em 7
i= 7 pee sin px— p conn}
St Sptaem pet psa
0
or Fem} =
7
or F{ewy= —2
Fe
i + P
(@ Now by the inverse Fourier cosine transform, we get
Six) = 2 [RAf(@}00s px dp = 2s sesh
0
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u ry
eres 324
since AX) = &*, therefore
cts 2a COS px
*hSSe
COS PX pe BR y-ae
or ine ; wech celrel
(iy Now by the inverse Fourier Sine transform, we get
f= 2h, (/(a)}sin pedp = 2 _P__
x her psinmech
since fix) =e, the above integral takes the form
| Aranple 9: Find the Fourier sine transform So > and Fourier cosine transform
ing —L, (using the results in Ex. 8),
+ [JNTU 2002 (Set No. 1),20048 (Set No. 2), 2005 (Set No. 4)]
Solution : We have F, {e®} =
z ee pe (MRefer Ex. 8]
” The inverse Fourier Sine transform of ¢-*" is
erot fre }sin px dp = Ae ae prin era
op. ea
or ‘SiN DX. = 35e
[aipiere = 3
Changing p to x and x to p, we get
:
fae
Hence F,{—* | = Zee
feta}-§
Also we have F.{e-®}=
sinap d= Fe?
z e [Refer Ex. 8]
The inverse Fourier Cosine transform of e is
ae2 Tope:
- = fe" }00s px dp
24a = 2a° cos pr
=2 cos px dp = 22
alae ® dats?
or PSK nae
deep? ~ 20°
Scanned with CamScanner d
Example 13: Show that @) F er NTU AD i,
hy
Gi) R{xs@)} =F lho] HINTU Aug. 20055 5
S (Set,
Sotution : @ We have F.(p)= [/(2) e0s px de
Oo
Differentiating wrt. 'p', we get
a a% a)
gRol-F {sereosx de = i apf 008 px} de
= [FG) Cxsin px) de -=— [x £(0)] sin px de =-E {x f@}
0 0
d
“5 =-—[F,
{xf} ol (p)]
(@) We have F,(p) = [ f(x) sin px de
0
Diseeang ee "P', we get
gho)= [reo ocospe ae = Ite [+ S@)] cos pede = F,{x f(}
a E, {x feo} =$l (p)].
wham 14 ; Find Fourier cosine transform of e7@"** ie
e evaluate
sine transform of x "7", ee :
Solution ; The Fourier cosine transform of f(x) =e ~a?y? even by
Efe" }- Jew cos px dt= Real part of f fer?? ate
0
Scanned with CamScanner = Real part tee oa
P eal Poin a AE
aS esa
2a
--g[Fevne ee
dp| 2a an ld (34) -24 pe Psd
2a ae
e
iS: -
pat Find the Fourier sine transform of el and henee evaluate tse 3 ~
* Solution + Let f (x) = et ESTEE PON)
phen F, (£@)} = [/@)sin pra
3
= fetsin prde= fe sin peds [':|x|=xin(0,20)]
a 3
{5 (-
Taking the inverse sine transform,
e=f(=2 Zin {/@)} sin pedp = 3h ipere
“T+
sin, PM dp
+p’
. 222 P
Changing x tom, € ae hi
“fesi0 me de, where p is replaced by x.
14x?
He “xsin mx =
‘mee tan
Pa 16 : Show that = Fourier sine transfo
| for 0 2ap + 2a*)(p* + 2ap +20)”
Solution : (i) Fourier Sine Transform of f(x) is given by
RUC) = re sin pre = {esin prede+ i sin pce
0 0
= Hama 2)
0
= — (0s pa-1) = £(1-cos ap)
P P
Scanned with CamScanner 328 ~~
(ii) Fourier Cosine Transform of flx) is given by
2
EU@) = [reenepeas = Jpomacs Joss
c
sin
pf ie sin px)” = (inap- _0) = Asin
ok feos pr de = =alk 7
Example 20: Find Fourier Sine and Cosine transforms of xe. \_-~
[JNTU 20065 G
et My
Solution ; Let lx) = € need
Fourier Sine Transform ¢
We know that
Rites} =- ont Fo]
d a
Fytsene} = — SURO) =o 4a +]
I 1 2ap
= (-at-———s | :2?P =
¢ |: aol (a? +p’)?
Fourier Cosine Transform : :
Also we know that
Ff fz) } = a [F,{A)}]
pes) =p fesy= 4/2
1B feet} = pF {em = la +p? (See Ex. 8)
_ @ py lnp2p aap?
@+p’y (+p)? °
Scanned with CamScanner Example 22: Find the inverse Fourier sine transform f (x) of F, "(p) = if =
je
(or) Find f(x) if its Fourier sine transform is aaa [JNTU (A) May 2012 (Set No. 4)}
+P.
Solution :: From the inverse Fourier sine transform, we have
f(x) = 2 [sin ped
3
= 27 P — sin px dp (1)
Tylt+pP
e- 2 2 1-1
— 2 [2 psn pedp = 2 Ain pede
m4 p+p) 9 P(t
2|fsinvr 4, f_sinPx_g
ro 2) > je
2| x _t_sine_g (e+
afs- jaro f P
Scanned with CamScanner Fe) = - ; er
Differentiating (2) w.r.t. ‘x’, we get
cos px
a PeOS PS yy 2 f SPE dp a
qiseo ~° 2a , 245 +p (3)
Differentiating (3) w.rt. ‘x’, we get
* psit PS po ing (1)]
e 2 fpsine , ie, fL-f=0 [using
fro 2 fe ie
The solution of this differential equation is
f= ce + ce and #6, cet - ce" (4)
Now ifx=0,thenf=1. [From (2)]
G_ 271
od alge From
+. From (4),1 = ¢, +c, and—1=¢,—c,
By solving, we get c, = 0 and c, = 1.
Hence fix) = e*.
Example 23 : Find the inversé Fourier cosine transform f(x) of |
Fp)=pt
Solution : From the inverse cosine transform, we have
SO) =25 [Rteeospe dp =2 fore” cos px dp )
i 0
But we know Jer ess pe p= a
+02
°
Differentiating both sides wat. ‘a, n times, then we get
cy" Je * p” cos px ole
da" | a? +x?
; *ED'ma+ ay]
an CIy"nt
ening eto (wie o= waw'(Z) 05 in Ex. i)
a
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n! cos(n +1)0 _ nicos(n+1)0
[eye mt
0 @4xy 2
f= 2 nteos(n+1)0 al
®
(a +x nT
. jee? cos px dp =
‘hus
promple 24: Find the Inverse Fourier Cosine Transform f(x) of
Viaek
ia e) » when p<2a
FO= = [JNTU 2005 (Set No. 1)]
0 » when p22a
golotion : From the Inverse Fourier Cosine Transform, we have
af
= 2[F, d
f@) “J “(p) cos px dp
2a ~o
= 2/1 ((,-2
= oF {{e Eos pets foam
0 2a
2a 2a
21 P 1 2) (sez)
= 214-2 = + (f(a-2)\a
nm 2a iG B) cos pe dp = an (: 2
0 0
1 ( 2) ney 1 fin px (2)
~ |Lfg-2\ me) -+ (SP I=) @
an 2 x Jp amy * 2
ac px 1 ( cospx pa
in
= og [ BZ py =|—|-
vex | x [el x? hh
- Pa 1
= [=| = -——z[00s2ax-1]
2a mx |p 2anx’
sin? ax |
2
Note : The above problem may also be asked in another form as given below.
Find f(x) if its Cosine Transform is
1(s),
afa-5)], ifs<2a
S(s)=} 2a x [JNTU 2005 (Set No. 1)]
0, ifs22a
~ ta eae aaa ee P)
Scanned with CamScanner ol 27:Find ©) ifits Fourier Sine transt
'sform is e-,
r, yuttlom : The inverse Fourier sine transform of Ff
0) Jie.
.¢., F,(p) is given by
F,(p) sin pd 2 .
for 7 ik “sin px de
[JNTU (I) June 2015)
~ guample 1 Find the eae, Fourier Sine and Cosine Transforms of ffx) = 1.
cqution : Here the range of x is not given, We take the usual range [0,7]
L
EYU@}= BO = fro sin) a
5
= fi. nee =) Jpnreae o i)
°
60s mx 1
=-+ (eos nl) = Loosmm
0 n n
@ RUF@}=RO= sis cos) ae je i (2) ae Jes ae
At
-(22) = Gin nn—sin0) (n #0) and
n iy ®
*
if n0.
ve?
forms of f (2), defines
Solution :
F(a) = “bo=(#) dk = fox sin( =) dx
- : 2m :
2 a
= 8 °
= Tp 608 m+ 8 sin = See,
= (nm 8x YEO, if = 1,2,3,.u0
”
Also we have
Fn) = j S02) cos (=) Pe
25
= J2scos (Se (1529)
Scanned with CamScanner 2
> sing | as sin
=|2x—2] _
n 2-4. de (Integration by Parts)
24 ° 3
2s cost)"
=0-= sn( Jac = 4) 2
"4 2 nln
2
" lo
a
= 5 [cosnn =a] = Spl =H, 12.30%
(4) Find the finite Fourier Sine Transform of f(x)= 2° in (0, 2).
® x
{We have F, {£0} = (0) = sin) a =] Psinne ae
solution .} J
r
. ae
cos | _4.2( ~sinnx cos mx) (sin nx . -
[() (=S58)+( S528) of “i ‘lt (using Bernoulli's rule)
{fe nin) +2 (gin na) + 2 (cose) -5 (ain | (n40)
n 1 n
=
3 6n A
=-Zcos na+—Feosnm (sin nz =0)
1m 1
7 w vy ae “
1 5; Find the Finite iste oe
1 :
Solution: Wehave
L ? x Y i
Ft) =f sn(%!) ae =[(1-4) see
:
P, 2 ys
yee 1en"-0
_ 1, loos N= 7a
7
Scanned with CamScanner jopl( 137 Find the Inverse Finite Sine transform / (x) if
ps
= S08 IR | where 0<
= eas c SX < 1,
F, o>
jution + From the Inverse Finite Sine transform, we have
so
F¢opsin{ 2) -295 (! = so sins
> ! a 2 nn?
n=l
= = x (es — 2280 sn
n=
iy
fe) =
frampl 14 :\Find the Inverse Finite Cosine transform F(@) if
ol)
F.O= Ghat , where 0 zi F,(p)dp _ [See Note (iv) on Page 542]
is »
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