GE Energy

Gas Turbine-Generator
Operation Training Manual

Kuriemat
Egypt
Turbine Units

2010

g
All rights reserved by the General Electric Company.
No copies permitted without the prior written consent
of the General Electric Company.

The text and the classroom instruction offered with it

are designed to acquaint students with generally ac-
cepted good practice for the operation or maintenance
of equipment and/or systems.

They do not purport to be complete nor are they

intended to be specific for the products of any
manufacturer, including those of the General Electric
Company; and the Company will not accept any
liability whatsoever for the work undertaken on the
basis of the text or classroom instruction. The manu-
facturer’s operating and maintenance specifications
are the only reliable guide in any specific instance;
and where they are not complete, the manufacturer
should be consulted.

© 2010 General Electric Company

GE Energy

Gas Turbine-Generator
Operation Training Manual
Kuriemat
Egypt
Turbine Units
2010

Tab 1 Gas Turbine Overview

Advanced F Technology for Mid Size Applications GEA 12283
MS6001FA – An Advanced Technology 70MW Class GER 3765
50 / 60 Hertz Gas Turbine
MS6001FA Gas Turbine Assembly – Major Sections B00449
Tab 2 MS 6001FA Unit Description
MS 6001FA Gas Turbine Description GT_6FA
GT Compressor Rotor Assembly (MS6001FA) 6FACOMP
GT Turbine Rotor Assembly (MS6001FA) 6FATURB
Turbine & Exhaust Frame Sect. Cooling & Sealing Air Flows 6FA CSA
Chamber Arrangement – Combustion (0701) 119E3058
Arrangement – Magnetic Pickup (0546) 121E1978
Tab 3 Turbine Control Device System
System Description OMMD_0415_6FA_E0765
Schematic Diagram – Control Devices – Turbine (0415) 206D7134
Device Nomenclature and Location OMMDR_0415_6FA_01
Tab 4 Flow Inlet and Exhaust System
System Description OMMD_0471_6FA_E0765
Schematic Diagram – Flow Inlet and Exhaust (0471) 219D1448
Device Nomenclature and Location OMMDR_0471_6FA_02
Tab 5 Inlet Air Heating System
System Description OMMD_0432_6FA_E0765
Schematic Diagram – Inlet Air Heating (0432) 219D1368
Device Nomenclature and Location OMMDR_0432_6FA_01
Tab 6 Performance Monitoring System
System Description OMMD_0492_6FA_E0765
Gas Turbine-Generator Operation Training Manual, Kuriemat, Egypt 1
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GE Energy

Schematic Diagram – Performance Monitor (0492) 219D1449

Device Nomenclature and Location OMMDR_0492_6FA_02
Tab 7 GT Lube Oil System
System Description OMMD_0416_6FA_E0765
Schematic Diagram – Lube Oil (0416) 219D1445
Device Nomenclature and Location OMMDR_0416_6FA_01
Lube Oil Recommendation GEK 101941
Tab 8 Hydraulic Supply System
System Description OMMD_0434_6FA_E0765
Schematic Diagram – Hydraulic Oil Supply (0434) 219D1369
Device Nomenclature and Device Location OMMDR_0434_6FA_01
Tab 9 Trip Oil System
System Description OMMD_0418_6FA_E0765
Schematic Diagram – Trip Oil (0418) 219D1364
Device Nomenclature and Location OMMDR_0418_6FA_01
Tab 10 Inlet Guide Vane System
System Description OMMD_0469_6FA_E0765
Schematic Diagram – IGV (0469) 206D7147
Device Nomenclature and Location OMMDR_0469_6FA_01
Tab 11 Fuel Gas System
System Description OMMD_0422_6FA_E0765
Schematic Diagram – Fuel Gas (0422) 219D1366
Device Nomenclature and Location OMMDR_0422_6FA_02
Device Nomenclature and Location GT_0422_6FA
Process Specification – Fuel Gas GEI 41040J
Gas Fuel Clean Up Standard GER 3942
Tab 12 Cooling and Sealing Air System
System Description OMMD_0417_6FA_E0765
Schematic Diagram – Cooling and Sealing Air (0417) 219D1446
Device Nomenclature and Location OMMDR_0417_6FA_01
Device Nomenclature and Location GT_0417_6FA
Turbine and Exhaust Frame Sect. Cooling & Sealing Air Flows 6FA CSA
Tab 13 Cooling Water System
System Description OMMD_0420_6FA_E0765
Schematic Diagram – Cooling Water (0420) 219D1365
Device Nomenclature and Location OMMDR_0420_6FA_01
Cooling Water Recommendations – Closed System GEI 41004J

Gas Turbine-Generator Operation Training Manual, Kuriemat, Egypt 2

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GE Energy

Tab 14 Compressor Washing System

System Description OMMD_0442_6FA_E0765
Schematic Diagram – Compressor Washing (0442) 219D1370
Device Nomenclature and Location OMMDR_0442_6FA_01
Tab 15 Load Gear
System Description OMMD_0495_6FA_E0765
Schematic Diagram – Load Gear (0495) 206D7152
Device Nomenclature and Location OMMDR_0495_6FA_01

Assembly Drawing – Load Gear (Typ.) RENK Dwg

3039242/0
Tab 16 Heat and Ventilation System
System Description OMMD_0436_6FA_E0765
Schematic Diagram – Heat and Ventilation (0436) 219D1589
Device Nomenclature and Location OMMDR_0436_6FA_02
Tab 17 Fire Protection System
System Description OMMD_0426_6FA_E0765
Schematic Diagram – Fire Protection (0426) 219D1447
Device Nomenclature and Location OMMDR_0426_6FA_02
Device Nomenclature and Location GT_0426_6FA
Tab 18 Gas Detection System
System Description OMMD_0474_6FA_E0765
Schematic Diagram – Gas Detection (0474) 206D7149
Device Nomenclature and Location OMMDR_0474_6FA_02
Device Nomenclature and Location GT_0474_6FA
Tab 19 SPEEDTRONIC Mark VIe Control
Control Hierarchy Schematic (4108)
Alarm List OMMO_5_6FA_E0765
Tab 20 Performance Characteristics
GE Gas Turbine Performance Characteristics GER 3567H
Performance Curves
Base Load 522HA395
Compressor Air Inlet Temp. Vs. Output 522HA396
Effect of Inlet Guide Vane on Output 522HA397
Altitude Correction 416HA662
Humidity Correction 498HA697

Gas Turbine-Generator Operation Training Manual, Kuriemat, Egypt 3

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GE Energy

Tab 21 Gas Turbine Operation

Operation Principle OMMO_1
Operational Inspections OMMO_2
Parameter Readouts and Analysis OMMO_3
Normal Operation Sequences (Typ.) OMMO_4
Special Operation Sequences OMMO_6
Tab 22 Generator Description
Descrip. – TEWAC 6FA Generator with Brushless Excitation GEK 103823b
Nameplate – 337X640 137C2029
Schematic Diagram – Load Equipment (0440) 361B3419
Mechanical Outline 132E3681 Sh 1-3
Shaft Grounding Brushes GEI 85803F
Horizontal Duplex Air Cooler GEK 106933
Oil Recommendations GEK 46135
Tab 23 N/A

Tab 24 Generator Performance

Operation – TEWAC Generator with Brushless Excitation GEK 95143b
Electrical Data 237A7438 Sh 1-4
Performance Curves
Saturation and Impedance 237A7438 Sh 5
Reactive Capability 237A7438 Sh 6
Excitation Vee Curve 237A7438 Sh 7
Capability vs Cold Gas Temperature 237A7438 Sh 12
Capability vs Cold Liquid Temperature 237A7438 Sh 13
Tab 25 Gas Turbine Fluid Specifications
Lube Oil Recommendations GEK 101941a
Process Specification – Fuel Gas GEI 41040k
Cooling Water Requirement for Closed Systems GEI 41004j
Tab 26 Reference Drawings
Device Summary 172A8969
Piping Schematic Diagram Full Set
Schematic Diagram – Control Devices – Turbine (0415) 206D7134
Schematic Diagram – Flow Inlet and Exhaust (0471) 219D1448
Schematic Diagram – Inlet Air Heating (0432) 219D1368
Schematic Diagram – Performance Monitor (0492) 219D1449
Schematic Diagram – Lube Oil (0416) 219D1445
Schematic Diagram – Hydraulic Oil Supply (0434) 219D1369

Gas Turbine-Generator Operation Training Manual, Kuriemat, Egypt 4

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GE Energy

Schematic Diagram – Trip Oil (0418) 219D1364

Schematic Diagram – IGV (0469) 206D7147
Schematic Diagram – Fuel Gas (0422) 219D1366
Schematic Diagram – Cooling and Sealing Air (0417) 219D1446
Schematic Diagram – Cooling Water (0420) 219D1365
Schematic Diagram – Compressor Washing (0442) 219D1370
Schematic Diagram – Load Gear (0495) 206D7152
Schematic Diagram – Heat and Ventilation (0436) 219D1589
Schematic Diagram – Fire Protection (0426) 219D1447
Schematic Diagram – Gas Detection (0474) 206D7149
Schematic Diagram – Load Equipment (0440) 361B3419
Piping Symbols
Glossary of Terms C00023
Basic Device Nomenclature A00029
International Conversion Tables GEK 95149b

Gas Turbine-Generator Operation Training Manual, Kuriemat, Egypt 5

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Tab 1
 GER-3765B

MS6001FA – AN ADVANCED-TECHNOLOGY
70-MW CLASS 50/60... Hz GAS TURBINE
J. Ramachandran and M.C. Conway
GE Power Systems
Schenectady, NY

ABSTRACT the 7FA, just as the 9FA is derived from the 7FA.
The MS6001FA heavy-duty gas turbine is aero- By scaling a proven advanced-technology design
dynamically scaled from the MS7001FA and and combining it with advanced aircraft engine
MS9001FA gas turbines to produce 70 MW of cooling and sealing technology, the 6FA gas tur-
high-efficiency power. It uses advanced aircraft bine benefits from the experience gained in more
engine technology in its design with a rating than 500,000 fired hours of operation.
based on a firing temperature class of 2350 The 6FA is also based on another proven GE
F/1288 C and can be applied to both 50 Hz and gas turbine product — the MS6001B. The modu-
60 Hz markets since it drives a generator through lar, packaged design characteristics of the 6B have
a reduction gear at the compressor end. This pro- 30 years of experience in addressing customer
duces 70 MW of simple-cycle power at more than needs for high-speed geared gas turbines. By
34% efficiency and nearly 110 MW of combined- applying these same concepts to the 6FA, simple-
cycle power at more than 53% efficiency. It is and combined-cycle designs have been developed
packaged with accessories to provide quick and that allow power train components to be shipped
cost-effective installations, making simple, cost- assembled for both 50 Hz and 60 Hz applications
effective solutions to repowering, combined-cycle (Figure 1).
installations and Integrated Gasification Table 1 compares the 6FA performance data
Combined-Cycle (IGCC) plants ideal. with that of the 6B and the 7FA. The 6FA offers a
79% higher rating than the 6B (70.1 MW vs. 39.2
MW) and has an overall combined-cycle thermal
INTRODUCTION efficiency (54%) typical of the more advanced F-
The MS6001FA heavy-duty gas turbine has been technology gas turbines.
successfully launched into the marketplace with As the world’s power generation needs contin-
five units to be produced during the first year of ue to grow, interest in highly efficient medium-
production. Commercial operation of the first two sized gas turbines for both simple- and combined-
projects is scheduled for October 1996. cycle applications is becoming more of a market
Marketplace acceptance of the MS6001FA is high need that the 6FA is positioned to address.
because it addresses the need for packaged, high- This paper discusses the design, development
efficiency power plants in the 100-MW combined- and product introduction of the 70-MW class 6FA
cycle range. gas turbine, the latest addition to GE’s F-technolo-
The 6FA gas turbine is an aerodynamic scale of gy product line.

GT25753
Figure 1. Typical gas turbine generator arrangement

1
GER-3765B

Table 1
COMPARISON OF GAS TURBINE RATINGS (ISO, BASE, 60 Hz)
Simple-Cycle Combined-Cycle
6001B 6001FA 7001FA S106B S106FA S107FA S206FA*
Output (MW) 39.2 70.1 167.8 59.8 107.1 258.8 218.7/217.0
Heat Rate
(kJ/kWh) 11,320 10,530 9,940 7,390 6,795 6,425 6,605/6,705
Efficiency
LHV 31.8% 34.2% 36.2% 48.7% 53.0% 56.0% 54.1/53.7
Air flow
(kg/s) 138 196 432 138 196 432 196
Pressure ratio 11.8 14.9 14.8 11.8 14.9 14.8 14.8
Firing Temp.
(F/C) 2020/1104 2350/1288 2350/1288 2020/1104 2350/1288 2350/1288 2350/1288
Exhaust gas
Temp. (F/C) 1006/541 1107/597 1102/594 1000/538 1107/597 1117/603 1107/597
Gas Turbine
Speed (rpm) 5,100 5,250 3,600 5,100 5,250 3,600 5,250

* 50 Hz/60 Hz

GT24370

DESIGN APPROACH During all aspects of the 6FA’s design, careful

The 6FA gas turbine is a 0.69 scale of the 7FA, attention was paid to experience gained during
just as the 9FA is a 1.2 aerodynamic scale of the the 500,000 fired hours of operation with F tech-
7FA (Figure 2). GE has used aerodynamic scaling nology gas turbines. The F-technology fleet repre-
in gas turbine development for more than 30 sents the most proven advanced-technology avail-
years. This technique is exemplified in the deriva- able. The fleet experience leader, located at
tive design of the 6B and 9E gas turbines, which Virginia Power’s Chesterfield Station, has 35,000
were scaled from the 7E. The success of this gas hours of fired hours experience.
turbine product family in worldwide power gener- Today, F-technology combined-cycle power
ation service illustrates the benefits of aerodynam- plants are operating in excess of 55% efficiency
ic scaling. with reliability in the mid to high 90s. Table 2

GT24596A
Figure 2. GE F product line

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 GER-3765B

Table 2
6FA MATERIALS
Component Material Experience

Casings
Inlet case Ductile iron All Fs
Compressor Ductile iron All Fs
Compressor discharge case 2 1/4 Cr-Mo All Fs
Turbine shell 2 1/4 Cr-Mo All Fs
Exhaust frame Carbon steel All Fs
Compressor
Blading C450/403+ Cb All Fs
Wheels
Compressor NiCrMoV/CrMoV All Fs
Turbine IN-706 All Fs; complete rotor since 3Q95
Combustion
Transition piece Nimonic 263 All Fs and DLN systems
Liner HASTX/HS-188 All Fs and DLN systems
Buckets
Stage 1 GTD-111DS All Fs, 6B
Stage 2 GTD-111 All Fs
Stage 3 GTD-111 All Fs
Nozzles
Stage 1 FSX-414 All 6Bs, Fs, EAs
Stage 2 GTD-222 All Fs, EAs
Stage 3 GTD-222 All Fs, EAs

shows a listing of materials used in primary com- Virginia Power’s Chesterfield station. In addition,
ponents of the 6FA, all of which have a proven his- an instrumented load test was completed on the
tory in GE heavy-duty gas turbines for power gen- 9F in France. Instrumented full-load tests of 7FAs
eration. at Sithe Energy, New York, and Florida Power and
Extensive component and full-unit testing is an Light and of a 9FA at Medway, United Kingdom,
integral part and cornerstone of the process of formed the baseline from which the 6FA was
new product introduction. During the nine-year designed.
development cycle of the MS7001F, component The 6FA gas turbine configuration includes an
testing confirmed design assumptions. In addition 18-stage compressor, six combustion chambers
to these tests, loaded instrumented tests were also and a three-stage turbine (Figure 3). The shaft is
performed in Greenville, South Carolina, and at supported on two bearings, as it is in the 7FA, 9FA,

RDC27030-1
Figure 3. 6FA gas turbine

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GER-3765B

18 Stage Compressor 6 Combustors 3 Stage Turbine

Hand Holes and

Man Holes for
Maintenance
2 Bearing Rotor

GT25694
Figure 4. Gas turbine configuration

5P and 6B gas turbines. This design was made to two stages of buckets and all three stages of noz-
enhance the maintainability of these gas turbines. zles. The cooling circuit for the buckets is internal
Five casings form the structural shell: the inlet to the rotor and there is no loss of air in its trans-
casing, compressor casing, compressor discharge fer at stationary to rotating seals. The compressor
casing, turbine shell and exhaust frame. Figure 4 air extraction locations are similar to the 7FA.
shows the gas turbine section in more detail. The Airfoil materials used in the compressor are the
aft diffuser is attached to the exhaust frame and is same as those used on the 7FA and do not require
shipped assembled on the turbine base with the coatings.
thermal insulation factory-installed. The inlet The combustion system comes in two varia-
plenum and the unit piping and wiring are tions, both of which are capable of multi-fuel
shipped assembled with the unit on the base. applications (natural gas, distillate oil, propane
The basic gas turbine compressor has an evolu- and fossil fuels):
tionary 30-year history and originates from the • Dry Low NOx (DLN) — standard offering
MS5001 (Figure 5). The compressor rotor uses • Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle
NiCrMoV and CrMoV in its rotor construction, (IGCC) — option for using a wide spectrum
alloys similar to those used on the 7FA. The com- of low heating value fuels, including gasified
pressor rotor has grit-blasted flange surfaces, coal or heavy oil and steel mill gases
enhancing torque transmissibility by a minimum The combustion system is comprised of six
of 70% over untreated flange sur faces. chambers that are similar to the 9FA in design
Compressor extraction air, which does not require and operating conditions, and also uses common
external coolers, provides the cooling for the first head end components (nozzles, swirlers, cap and

GT25755
Figure 5. Growth in compressor design evolution

4
 GER-3765B

Stage 2 & 3 Bucket

Tip Seals

High Pressure
Packing Seals

Interstage
Diaphragm GT2577

GT25770
Figure 7. Honeycomb seal locations

faces for enhanced torque transmissibility. The

airfoil and coating materials used in the turbine
are the same as those used in the 7FA.
The 6FA also incorporates a number of other
features to its design to enhance performance
and endurance:
• Static honeycomb seals and coated rotating
RDC27664-11 cutter teeth are used in locations (Figure 7)
Figure 6. Thermal paint verification test for that significantly affect performance. These
transition piece include the high pressure packing seal, tur-
end cover) with the 9FA. Commonality is afforded bine interstage diaphragm seals and bucket
by the fact that the flow per can in the 6FA is with- tip seals. Performance is improved through
in 2% of the 9FA. A further improvement of the tighter clearances at these seal locations.
6FA combustion system is the integral multiple of • Extensive experience has been accumulated
stage 1 nozzle vanes with the number of combus- with honeycomb seals. They have been used
tors. This provides for a repeatable, chamber-to- in similar applications on GE Aircraft
chamber, thermal distribution going into the Engines since the early 1960s. They have also
stage 1 nozzles. The large exit span of the transi- been successfully used on GE Power
tion pieces, which resulted from a six-chamber Generation heavy duty design units since
configuration, has been engineered using state-of- 1994 on 7EA, 9E and 6B units.
the-art analytical techniques. Cold flow visualiza- • Tighter compressor blade and bucket tip
tion tests coupled with computational fluid clearances are also maintained by equivalent
dynamic and finite element stress analyses have thermal masses distributed around the
been used in optimizing the transition piece periphery of the casings (Figure 8), which
geometry. Analytical predictions have been veri- provide compensation for the cold flanges at
fied with full temperature and pressure combus- the split lines. This provides for rounder cas-
tion tests on a fully instrumented transition piece. ings and tighter tip clearances during opera-
Figure 6 shows another transition piece used in a tion.
temperature verification test using thermal paint. • External casing flanges use an optimized
Emissions levels are at 25/15 ppm NOx/CO bolting arrangement for reduced leakage,
which has been validated by factory tests.
with a DLN system, in the range of 40% to 100%
This results in less power required for com-
load operating on natural gas. For operation in
partment cooling and an overall improve-
distillate oil with water or steam injection, the lev- ment in performance.
els are 42/15 ppm NOx/CO. Up to 5% steam • Reduced use of cooling air in the hot section
may be used for power augmentation. of the turbine. Judicious use of cooling air for
The turbine rotor is a scale of the current 7FA.
airfoil and shroud cooling in the stage 1 noz-
The turbine wheels, spacers and aft shaft are
zle, bucket, shroud and stage 2 nozzle have
made from INCO 706 with INCO 718 bolting,
allowed for more uniform temperature gradi-
similar to the current 7FA. As in the compressor,
ents that improve life and performance. The
the turbine rotor also has grit-blasted flange sur-

5
GER-3765B

RDC27664-09
Figure 9a. Load gear in assembly at Renk AG

RDC227644-8
Figure 8. Typical equivalent “thermal mass” to
cold flanges at split line
stage 1 bucket serpentine circuit has
enhanced leading edge cooling and cast-in
cooling slots at the trailing edge, to improve
life in these areas.
The 6FA load gear (Figure 9) was developed in
association with a world-class gear manufacturer,
Renk AG, of Augsburg, Germany. In design, the
6FA load gear is a horizontally offset gearbox
designed to transmit 90 MW with a 1.1 service fac-
tor, as defined per American Petroleum Institute
(API) specifications. The shaft power output from
RDC27664-10
the 6FA gas turbine is driven through a flexible Figure 9b. Load gear in assembly at Renk Ag
coupling to the high-speed pinion. The low-speed
bull gear drives the generator though a rigidly
• Non-destructive testing (NDT) procedures
coupled quill shaft that operates at either 3,600
• First-part qualification and testing
rpm or 3,000 rpm. The 6FA gear is furnished with
The generator applied with the 6FA gas turbine
case carburized and precision ground double-heli-
is GE’s model 7A6C. The 7A6C has a proven histo-
cal gearing. The high-speed and low-speed shafts
ry; it is a fully packaged, base-mounted unit that
are mounted on babbitt-lined, offset, half-type
has been installed with GE’s higher-rated frame
sleeve bearings. The bearing housings are integral
7EA gas turbines since the early 1990s. As of
to the steel-fabricated casing, and provisions are
August 1996, approximately 100 7A6C generators
provided for bearing metal thermocouples and
have been shipped; 90 are in operation. It is avail-
eddy current vibration probes. The load gear also
able in both open-ventilated and water-to-air
incorporates provisions for mounting a turning
cooled (TEWAC) configurations and with either
gear to the high-speed shaft for establishing unit
brushless or static exciters. It can accommodate
breakaway during startup.
motor start or static start options and is applicable
A new level of understanding in the design of
to both 50 Hz and 60 Hz systems. An excellent
load gears has been achieved in the design and
reliability record has been recorded during the
development of the 6FA load gear. Resources
past five years.
from GE Power Systems, GE Aircraft Engines and
When applied at the lower 6FA rating, the
specialists at GE Corporate Research and
increased capability yields lower operating tem-
Development were used in the design, develop-
peratures and enhanced reliability. The increased
ment and reliability assurance studies of the 6FA
thermal capability can accommodate demanding
load gear. Included in the process were review and
off-voltage, off-frequency conditions and can meet
approval of:
a wide range of requirements.
• Design parameters
• Stress and life analyses
• System lateral and torsional analyses
• Material specifications
• Forging supplier processes
6
 GER-3765B

RELIABILITY AND size as the 6B, and with fewer combustion cham-
bers (six vs. eight), installation and maintenance
MAINTAINABILITY times are conservatively estimated to be the same
The design of the 6FA and 7FA gas turbines has as the 6B. Easy access to the Dry Low NOx com-
focused on operating reliability and maintainabili- bustion system was a primary focus in the design
ty. Reference 2 reports the development of relia- of the piping systems.
bility features in the controls and accessories. Finally, an approximate 25% parts count reduc-
Redundancy has been designed into the controls
tion in compressor, combustor and turbine com-
and accessories areas of the gas turbine power
ponents, in comparison to the 7FA and 9FA,
plant to meet these goals.
The Mark V control applied to the 6FA, similar should manifest in faster and easier field mainte-
to the 7FA has a triple-redundant, microprocessor- nance operations.
based computer control. During normal opera-
tion, three computers share control of the gas tur- PLANT ARRANGEMENT
bine. Should one of the computers or one of the The most frequent applications for the 6FA are
triple-redundant sensors fail, internal voting logic expected to be in mid-range and base load service
switches control of the gas turbine to the two as part of combined-cycle or co-generation plants.
remaining control computers and associated sen- Taking these requirements into account, the 6FA
sors. Alarms that indicate a fault in the other com- gas turbine, like the 7FA, is designed specifically
puter or its system of sensors are displayed. Upon for combined-cycle applications with the following
repair, the two remaining computers interrogate features:
the repaired system to ensure that it is functioning • A cold-end drive gas turbine, which allows the
properly. exhaust to be directed axially into the heat
Upon determining its proper function, the recovery steam generator
three computers again share the responsibility for • Factory-assembled accessory packages on sep-
controlling the gas turbine. This type of control arate skids for easy installation and maintain-
system has raised reliability from a mean-time- ability
between-forced-outages of 3,800 hours to 30,000 • An off-base turbine enclosure that provides
hours, as demonstrated in an EPRI-sponsored test more space for maintenance and better con-
on an operating MS7001 on the Salt River Project trol of noise emissions
system at their Santan site. • High compressor discharge extraction capa-
Redundancy has been designed into the 6FA bility for Integrated Gasification Combined
accessory systems in all areas, including filters, Cycle (IGCC) applications
pumps and compressors, similar to the 7FA. • Slab-mounted single- (Figure 10) or multi-
Redundancy of apparatus and power supply dupli- shaft (Figure 1) configurations
cation, including crossover of sources, transform- Air enters the unit through a standard single-
ers, switchgear for medium and low voltage and stage, multiple-element filter located above the
DC chargers and batteries for emergency supply, generator and provides fouling protection for the
ensure starting, on-line reliability and equipment gas turbine. Exhaust gases from the gas turbine go
safety. through an axial exhaust diffuser, pass through
Maintainability has been considered with a silencers, and either enter the heat recovery boil-
step-by-step analysis of: er or exit to the stack.
• Handling means for routine or daily inspec- As discussed, the shaft power output from the
tions in each module. Borescope inspection gas turbine is driven through a flexible coupling
ports have been provided for inspecting 5 attached to its cold end, to the high-speed pinion
stages of the compressor and all 3 stages of the of the load gear. The low-speed bull gear drives
turbine. Four man-holes and six hand-holes the generator though a rigidly coupled quill shaft.
are also provided (Figure 4) for routine A turning gear for breakaway during startup is
inspections of the transition pieces and attach- attached to the blind end of the pinion gear.
ing seals. A motor torque converter that drives through
• Major inspections of the gas turbine and the the generator is the standard starting means.
main auxiliaries However, the generator can be a starting motor
• Special maintenance needs, such as rotor when supplied with a static frequency converter
removal, using specially-designed tools such as (SFC). The generator shaft end is kept free when
trolleys for generator rotors or hoists fitted to this technique is used. The torque level can be
cranes for the turbine rotor readily adjusted to permit fast starts and slow cool-
With the 6FA being approximately the same

7
GER-3765B

GT25758
Figure 10. Slab-mounted single-shaft arrangement

down rotation of the gas turbine. A disconnecting • Thermal and acoustic insulation
coupling or clutch can also be installed to allow • Heating and ventilation
synchronous condenser operation. • Fire protection
The mechanical accessories are motor driven • Redundancy of power supply
and arranged in two modules. One of these mod- • Space and means available for maintenance
ules is used only for liquid fuel operation. These features are established for each plant
Electrical devices, such as auxiliary transformers, according to customer requirements and service
switchgears, static frequency converters, are con- considered (in/out door, new/existing plant,
tained in the electrical/control module close to etc.). Additionally, the skid layouts for the various
the generator. The modules are fully assembled systems have generous space to permit easy main-
and factory-tested prior to shipment. The two tenance without speciality tools.
mechanical accessory modules are located at fixed The typical general plant arrangement (Figure
locations relative to the gas turbine, which allows 11) can be adapted to many indoor or outdoor
for quick field installations using prefabricated configurations. However, the location of the two
piping. main accessory modules must be retained, and
An array of site-specific designs for these mod- the off-base gas turbine enclosure must be used to
ules provides: achieve 85dBA maximum sound from the unit. To
• Aesthetic appearance minimize field installation work, the gas turbine is

GT25759
Figure 11. Typical general plant arrangement

8
 GER-3765B

RDC27664-06 RDC27664-02
Figure 12a. Assembled stage 1 nozzle segments Figure 12d. Stage 3 nozzle segments with
diaphragm seal

RDC27664-07
Figure 12b. Stage 1 shroud (background);
stage 2 shroud (foreground)

RDC27664-04
Figure 12e. Stage 1 nozzle assembly

fan coolers. Site civil work can be kept to a mini-

mum with grade-level foundations for installation
of all modules and pipeways.

STATUS
Five units are scheduled to be shipped by the
end of 1996, two of which are to be in commercial
RDC27664-01 operation by October 1996. Figures 12a through
Figure 12c. Honeycomb seals on stage 2 and 3 12h show hardware for these units in various
diaphragm seals stages of assembly.
mounted on a steel base structure with factory- Orders as of August 1996 have shown the wide
installed piping and electrical components, simi- range of both application and customer accep-
lar to the 6B. Side-by-side arrangements are partic- tance of the 6FA design, in both the 50 Hz and 60
ularly suitable for multiple unit plants. Cooling Hz markets. The variety of applications covered by
water needs are secured by external supply (river, these projects, which include combined-cycle,
sea water with intercooling, etc.) or through fin- cogeneration and IGCC, fully demonstrate the

9
GER-3765B

RDC27664-03
Figure 12f. Turbine shell
RDC27664-12
capabilities of this gas turbine. Combined-cycle Figure 12g. Rotor being installed into unit at
applications include both single-shaft and multi- Greenville, South Carolina, plant
shaft combined-cycle plant configurations. Figure
13 shows the expected fired hours accumulation
of these machines over the next three years.
The two launch projects are Destec
Cogeneration, a natural-gas-only site (Figure 14)
in Kingston, Ontario, Canada, and the Sierra
Pacific Power Company’s Piñon Pine Power
Project, a dual-fuel IGCC site located in Reno,
Nevada (Figure 15). Both projects’ equipment was
shipped in the first quarter of 1996, with mechani-
cal and electrical erection essentially completed in
the second quarter and first firing of the units in
August. The Destec Cogeneration and the Sierra
Pacific Power Projects are both scheduled to be
commercial on natural gas in October 1996, with
the IGCC portion of the Sierra Pacific Project
going on-line in December 1996. RDC27644-05

Subsequent projects scheduled to go commer- Figure 12h. Unit being assembled at

cial in late 1996 or 1997 include a cogeneration Greenville, South Carolina, plant
facility in Finland, a single-shaft base load com-

140
- 6FA Fleet (Total)
120

100
Hours (Thousands)

80
50 Hz Applications
60

40

20 60 Hz Applications

0
3Q96 1Q97 3Q97 1Q98 3Q98 1Q99
End of Year

GT25766
Figure 13. 6FA operational experience

10
 GER-3765B

GT25781 GT27640-2
Figure 14. Destec Cogeneration Figure 15b. Sierra Pacific Power Company’s
Kingston, Ontario, Canada Piñon Pine Power Project
design. All bolted flanges and shell/casing joints
exhibited no leakage.

CONCLUSION
GE’s design philosophy, based on a firm analyti-
cal foundation and years of experience of gas tur-
bine operation, has resulted in reliable, heavy-duty
gas turbines. On this basis, successful designs are
carefully scaled to larger or smaller sizes. Scaling
has been used to produce similar designs that
range from 25 MW to 200 MW. Improved materi-
als and components that have been prudently and
carefully applied to increase power and thermal
RDC27640-6 efficiency have resulted in the evolution of proven
Figure 15a. Sierra Pacific Power Company’s designs. Finally, designs are carefully tested and
Piñon Pine Power Project demonstrated in extensive development facilities
and by fully instrumented unit tests in order to
bined-cycle facility in Italy and a multi-shaft com- provide full confirmation of the design under
bined-cycle facility in the United States. actual operating conditions.
The no-load tests on these first three units have Using this methodology, the 6FA has been
successfully demonstrated that the design tools scaled from the proven 7FA and successfully
used accurately predicted the operating character- launched into production. Five units are sched-
istics of the unit (Table 3). The units exhibited uled to be shipped by the end of 1996, two of
flawless starting and acceleration to full-speed which are scheduled to be operational in the
conditions. Rotor vibration levels for these units same period. The full-speed no-load tests and ini-
were well below design criteria and indicated satis- tial site startup operations of these first units were
factor y stiffness characteristics of the scaled successful.

Table 3
6FA TEST RESULTS AT FULL SPEED — NO LOAD
ISO Performance ISO Performance
Expected (nominal) as Tested
Airflow (lb/s / kg/s) 437 438
Compressor pressure ratio 10.68 10.74
Compressor efficiency 86.4% 86.2%
Turbine efficiency 84.6% 84.9%
Turbine inlet temperature (F/C) 1074/579 1083/584
Turbine exhaust temperature (F/C) 490/254 495/257

11
GER-3765B

REFERENCES
1. Rowen, W.I., “Operating Characteristics of
Heavy-Duty Gas Turbines in Utility Service,”
ASME paper No. 88-GT-150, presented at the
Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress,
Amsterdam, Netherlands, June 6-9, 1988.
2. “Design of High-Reliability Gas Turbine
Controls and Accessories,” EPRI Final Report,
AP-5823, June 1988.

© 1996 GE Company
12
 GER-3765B

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Typical gas turbine generator arrangement

Figure 2. GE F product line
Figure 3. 6FA gas turbine
Figure 4. Gas turbine configuration
Figure 5. Growth in compressor design evolution
Figure 6. Thermal paint verification test for transition piece
Figure 7. Honeycomb seal locations
Figure 8. Typical equivalent “thermal mass” to cold flanges at split line
Figure 9a. Load gear in assembly at Renk AG
Figure 9b. Load gear in assembly at Renk AG
Figure 10. Slab-mounted single-shaft arrangement
Figure 11. Typical general plant arrangement
Figure 12a. Assembled stage 1 nozzle segments
Figure 12b. Stage 1 shroud (background) and stage 2 shroud (foreground)
Figure 12c. Honeycomb seals on stage 2 and 3 diaphragm seals
Figure 12d. Stage 3 nozzle segments with diaphragm seal
Figure 12e. Stage 1 nozzle assembly
Figure 12f. Turbine shell
Figure 12g. Rotor being installed into unit at Greenville, South Carolina, plant
Figure 12h. Unit being assembled at Greenville, South Carolina, plant
Figure 13. 6FA operational experience
Figure 14. Destec Cogeneration, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
Figure 15a. Sierra Pacific Power Company’s Piñon Pine Power Project
Figure 15b. Sierra Pacific Power Company’s Piñon Pine Power Project

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Comparison of gas turbine ratings (ISO, Base, 60 Hz)

Table 2. 6FA materials
Table 3. 6FA test results at full speed — no load
 Jay Ramachandran
Jay Ramachandran is currently Manager, 6FA Engineering Programs.
He has 18 years of design and project management experience at GE’s
Power Generation and Aircraft Engine divisions. His engineering experi-
ence is primarily in the design of turbine high-temperature compo-
nents. He also has significant experience gas turbine system design from
his contribution to GE’s advanced H-generation machines.
Jay graduated from the University of Cincinnati with an MS in engi-
neering. He is also a graduate of GE’s ABC gas turbine engineering pro-
gram. He holds two patents on his work in gas turbine engineering at
GE.

Michael C. Conway
Michael Conway has 16 years of power generation experience and is
currently Product Line Manager, F Technology. He graduated from
Clarkson University with a BS in engineering.

A list of figures and tables appears at the end of this paper

 MS6001FA
Gas Turbine Assembly
Major Sections COMBUSTION TURBINE EXHAUST

TRANSITION
PIECE
LINER
VIGV’s IGNITER

DLN2
NOZZ
ARRGMT EXHAUST DIFFUSER
FRAME

ÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖ
Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö
ÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖ Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö

STARTING
ÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖ
DEVICE
LOAD Ó

AIR INLET COMPRESSOR

B00449 1/97
Tab 2
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OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
DESCRIPTION

GAS TURBINE
1. GAS TURBINE ......................................................................................................................3
1.1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................3
1.1.1. GENERAL ................................................................................................................................3
1.1.2. DETAIL ORIENTATION ...........................................................................................................6
1.2. TURBINE BASE AND SUPPORTS..........................................................................................7
1.2.1. TURBINE BASE .......................................................................................................................7
1.2.2. TURBINE SUPPORTS .............................................................................................................8
1.3. COMPRESSOR SECTION.......................................................................................................9
1.3.1. GENERAL ................................................................................................................................9
1.3.2. COMPRESSOR ROTOR........................................................................................................10
1.3.3. COMPRESSOR STATOR ......................................................................................................11
1.3.3.1. GENERAL ..............................................................................................................................11
1.3.3.2. INLET CASING ......................................................................................................................12
1.3.3.3. COMPRESSOR CASING.......................................................................................................13
1.3.3.4. COMPRESSOR DISCHARGE CASING ................................................................................13
1.3.3.5. BLADING................................................................................................................................14
1.4. COMBUSTION SYSTEM .......................................................................................................15
1.4.1. GENERAL ..............................................................................................................................15
1.4.2. OUTER COMBUSTION CHAMBERS AND FLOW SLEEVES ...............................................16
1.4.3. CROSSFIRE TUBES..............................................................................................................18
1.4.4. FUEL NOZZLES END COVER ..............................................................................................19
1.4.5. CAP AND LINER ASSEMBLIES ............................................................................................20
1.4.6. SPARK PLUGS ......................................................................................................................21
1.4.7. ULTRAVIOLET FLAME DETECTORS...................................................................................22
1.5. TURBINE SECTION...............................................................................................................24
1.5.1. GENERAL ..............................................................................................................................24
1.5.2. TURBINE ROTOR..................................................................................................................25
1.5.2.1. STRUCTURE .........................................................................................................................25
1.5.2.2. WHEEL SHAFTS ...................................................................................................................25
1.5.2.3. WHEEL ASSEMBLIES ...........................................................................................................25
1.5.2.4. COOLING...............................................................................................................................26
1.5.2.5. FIRST-STAGE WHEELSPACES ...........................................................................................27
1.5.2.6. SECOND-STAGE WHEELSPACES ......................................................................................27
1.5.2.7. THIRD-STAGE WHEELSPACES...........................................................................................27
1.5.2.8. BUCKETS ..............................................................................................................................28
1.5.3. TURBINE STATOR ................................................................................................................31
1.5.3.1. STRUCTURE .........................................................................................................................31
1.5.3.2. TURBINE CASING .................................................................................................................31
1.5.3.3. NOZZLES...............................................................................................................................31
1.5.3.4. FIRST-STAGE NOZZLE.........................................................................................................31
1.5.3.5. SECOND-STAGE NOZZLE....................................................................................................32
1.5.3.6. THIRD-STAGE NOZZLE ........................................................................................................32
1.5.3.7. DIAPHRAGM..........................................................................................................................32
1.5.3.8. SHROUDS .............................................................................................................................32
1.5.3.9. EXHAUST FRAME .................................................................................................................33

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1.6. BEARINGS.............................................................................................................................34
1.6.1. GENERAL ..............................................................................................................................34
1.6.2. LUBRICATION .......................................................................................................................34
1.6.2.1. LUBRICANT SEALING...........................................................................................................34
1.7. ENCLOSURES.......................................................................................................................35
1.7.1. GENERAL ..............................................................................................................................35
1.8. COUPLING.............................................................................................................................36
1.8.1. GENERAL ..............................................................................................................................36

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DESCRIPTION

1. GAS TURBINE

1.1. INTRODUCTION

1.1.1. GENERAL

A heavy duty gas turbine unit is a mechanical power engine installed in a plant to drive a
generator to supply an electrical network.
The gas turbine power engine includes an axial airflow compressor, a multi chamber
combustion system and a three stages turbine. Main components of the gas turbine are
listed here below.
The axial airflow compressor is a 17 stages compressor with:
• Adjustable inlet guide vanes (IGV) to control the airflow during starting and loading
sequences.
• Bleed valves to bypass part of the air flow for starting and shut down to escape from
surging
The combustion system comprises :
• Fuel nozzles fitted on the combustion chamber’s cover
• Six combustion chambers where the fuel burns permanently from firing speed to full load
• Six cross fire tubes connecting the combustion chamber
• Six transition pieces downstream the combustion chamber connected to the first turbine
stage nozzle
• Two spark plugs for the fuel ignition
• A set of flame detectors
The three stages turbine include first, second and third stage nozzle and first, second and
third wheel.
The turbine and the axial flow compressor belong to the same shaft connected to the
generator at the front end.

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Functional description at nominal speed :

While the gas turbine is running, filtered ambient air is drawn through the inlet plenum
assembly, then compressed in the 17th-stage axial flow compressor. Compressed air from
the compressor flows into the annular space surrounding the six combustion chambers, from
which it flows into the spaces between the outer combustion casings and the combustion
liners, and enters the combustion zone through metering holes in each of the combustion
liners.
The fuel nozzles introduce the fuel into each of the six combustion chambers where it mixes
with the combustion air and burns.
The hot gases from the combustion chambers expand into the six separate transition pieces
attached to the downstream end of the combustion chamber liners and flows from there to
the three-stage turbine section of the machine. Each stage consists of a row of fixed nozzles
followed by a row of turbine buckets. In each nozzle row, the kinetic energy of the jet is
increased, with an associated pressure drop, and in each following row of moving buckets, a
portion of the kinetic energy of the jet is absorbed as useful work on the turbine rotor.
After passing through the 3rd-stage buckets, the exhaust gases are directed into the exhaust
casing and diffuser. Then, the gases pass into the exhaust plenum and are introduced to
atmosphere through the exhaust stack or used in a heat recovery steam generator.
Resultant shaft rotation turns the generator rotor to generate electrical power.

Starting sequence :
The gas turbine cannot run itself from zero speed. A starting means bring the shaft line up to
the self-sustaining speed. The starting means is usually the generator itself piloted through a
Static Frequency Converter (SFC)
When the starting means is actuated, the IGV are in the closed shut down position and the
compressor bleed valves are open. The cranking torque from the starting means system
breaks away the turbine shaft and brings the gas turbine to firing speed. Fuel is injected in
the combustion chamber, spark plug provide ignition in two combustion chambers and the
flame spreads to the other combustion chambers through the crossfire tubes. Flame
detectors confirm full ignition to the control panel.
Starting means remain actuated to accelerate the unit to self-sustaining speed. A gas turbine
speed threshold stops the starting means sequence. The gas turbine reaches nominal
speed, the IGV move to full speed no load (FSNL) operating position and the bleed valve
closes.
Main electrically driven lube oil pump provides lubricating oil for the shaft line bearings from
zero speed to full load.

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Cool down sequence :

Due to the high temperature of the gas path, the gas turbine must follow a 24 hours turning
gear sequence at low speed, after shut down, to provide a homogeneous cool down to the
shaft line.
Therefore the turning gear motor starts automatically during the run down.
The various assemblies, systems and components that comprise the compressor,
combustion and turbine sections of the gas turbine are described in the text, which follows.
Refer to the illustrations in this section and elsewhere in this volume, the inspection and
maintenance instructions volume and the parts lists and drawings volume for gas turbine
component detailed information.

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1.1.2. DETAIL ORIENTATION

Throughout this manual, reference is made to the forward / front and aft / rear ends, and to
the right and left sides of the gas turbine and its components. By definition, the air inlet of the
gas turbine is the forward / front end, while the exhaust is the aft / rear end. The forward /
front and aft / rear ends of each component are determined in like manner with respect to its
orientation within the complete unit. Standing forward and looking aft determine the right and
left sides of the turbine or of a particular component. On a drawing or picture, the forward
end is usually on the left side and the aft end is on the right side.

GAS TURBINE ARRANGEMENT (TYPICAL)

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1.2. TURBINE BASE AND SUPPORTS

1.2.1. TURBINE BASE

The base that supports the gas turbine is a structural steel fabrication of welded steel beams
and plate. Its prime function is to provide a support upon which to mount the gas turbine.
Lifting trunnions and supports are provided, two on each side of the base in line with the two
structural cross members of the base frame. Machined pads on each side on the bottom of
the base facilitate its mounting to the site foundation. Two machined pads, atop the base
frame are provided for mounting the aft turbine supports.

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1.2.2. TURBINE SUPPORTS

The MS 6001 FA has rigid leg-type supports at the compressor end and supports with top
and bottom pivots at the turbine end.
The support legs maintain the axial and vertical positions of the
turbine, while two gib keys coupled with the turbine support legs
maintain its lateral position. One gib key is machined on the
lower half of the exhaust frame. The other gib key is machined
on the lower half of the forward compressor casing. The keys fit
into guide blocks which are welded to the cross beams of the
turbine base. The keys are held securely in place in the guide
blocks with bolts that bear against the keys on each side. This
key-and-block arrangement prevents lateral or rotational
movement of the turbine while permitting axial and radial
movement resulting from thermal expansion.
To maintain of the exhaust diffuser, there are also two supports
fixed on the turbine base. They are equipped with top and
bottom pivots.

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1.3. COMPRESSOR SECTION

1.3.1. GENERAL

The axial-flow compressor section consists of the compressor rotor and the compressor
casing. Within the compressor casing are the variable inlet guide vanes, the various stages
of rotor and stator blades, and the exit guide vanes.
In the compressor, air is confined to the space between the rotor and stator where it is
compressed in stages by a series of alternate rotating (rotor) and stationary (stator) airfoil-
shaped blades. The rotor blades supply the force needed to compress the air in each stage
and the stator blades guide the air so that it enters the following rotor stage at the proper
angle. The compressed air exits through the compressor discharge casing to the combustion
chambers. Air is extracted from the compressor for turbine cooling and for pulsation control
during startup.

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1.3.2. COMPRESSOR ROTOR

The compressor portion of the gas turbine rotor is an assembly of wheels, a speed ring, tie
bolts, the compressor rotor blades, and a forward stub shaft.
Each wheel has slots broached around its periphery. The rotor blades and spacers are
inserted into these slots and held in axial position by staking at each end of the slot. The
wheels are assembled to each other with mating rabbets for concentricity control and are
held together with tie bolts. Selective positioning of the wheels is made during assembly to
reduce balance correction. After assembly, the rotor is dynamically balanced.
The forward stubshaft is machined to provide the thrust collar, which carries the forward and
aft thrust loads. The stubshaft also provides the journal for the N° 1 bearing, the sealing
surface for the N° 1 bearing oil seals and the compressor low-pressure air seal.
The stage 17 wheel carries the rotor blades and also provides the sealing surface for the
high-pressure air seal and the compressor-to-turbine marriage flange.

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1.3.3. COMPRESSOR STATOR

1.3.3.1. GENERAL

The casing area of the compressor section is composed of three major sections. These are
the :
1. inlet casing
2. Compressor casing
3. Compressor discharge casing
Those casings, in conjunction with the turbine casing, form the primary structure of the gas
turbine. They support the rotor at the bearing points and constitute the outer wall of the gas-
path annulus. All of these casings are split horizontally to facilitate servicing.

COMPRESSOR DISCHARGE CASING

COMPRESSOR CASING

INLET CASING

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1.3.3.2. INLET CASING

The inlet casing is located at the forward end of the gas turbine. Its prime function is to
uniformly direct air into the compressor. The inlet casing also supports the #1 bearing
assembly. The #1 bearing lower half housing is integrally cast with the inner bellmouth. The
upper half bearing housing is a separate casting, flanged and bolted to the lower half. The
inner bellmouth is positioned to the outer bellmouth by nine airfoil-shaped radial struts. The
struts are cast into the bellmouth walls. They also transfer the structural loads from the
adjoining casing to the forward support, which is bolted and doweled to this inlet casing.
Variable inlet guide vanes are located at the aft end of the inlet casing and are mechanically
positioned, by a control ring and pinion gear arrangement connected to a hydraulic actuator
drive and linkage arm assembly. The position of these vanes has an effect on the quantity of
compressor inlet airflow.

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1.3.3.3. COMPRESSOR CASING

The forward compressor casing contains the stage 0 through stage 4 compressor stator
stages. The compressor casing lower half is equipped with two large integrally cast
trunnions, which are used to lift the gas turbine when it is separated from its base.

The aft compressor casing contains stage 5 through stage 12 compressor stator stages.
Extraction ports in aft casing permit removal of 13th-stage compressor air. This air is used for
cooling functions and is also used for pulsation control during startup and shutdown.

1.3.3.4. COMPRESSOR DISCHARGE CASING

The compressor discharge casing is the final portion of the compressor section. It is the
longest single casting, is situated at midpoint - between the forward and aft supports - and is,
in effect, the keystone of the gas turbine structure. The compressor discharge casing
contains the final compressor stages, forms both the inner and outer walls of the compressor
diffuser, and joins the compressor and turbine casings. The discharge casing also provides
support for the combustion outer casings and the inner support of the first-stage turbine
nozzle.

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The compressor discharge casing consists of two cylinders, one being a continuation of the
compressor casing and the other being an inner cylinder that surrounds the compressor
rotor. The two cylinders are concentrically positioned by fourteen radial struts.
A diffuser is formed by the tapered annulus between the outer cylinder and inner cylinder of
the discharge casing. The diffuser converts some of the compressor exit velocity into added
static pressure for the combustion air supply.

1.3.3.5. BLADING

The compressor rotor and stator blades are airfoil shaped and designed to compress air
efficiently at high blade tip velocities. The blades are attached to the compressor wheels by
dovetail arrangements. The dovetail is very precise in size and position to maintain each
blade in the desired position and location on the wheel.
The compressor stator blades are airfoil shaped and are mounted by similar dovetails into
ring segments in the first five stages. The ring segments are inserted into circumferential
grooves in the casing and are held in place with locking keys. The stator blades of the
remaining stages have a square base dovetail and are inserted directly into circumferential
grooves in the casing. Locking keys hold them in place.

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1.4. COMBUSTION SYSTEM

1.4.1. GENERAL

The dry low NOx 2.6 (DLN 2.6) control system regulates the distribution of fuel delivered to a
multi-nozzle, total premix combustor arrangement. The fuel flow distribution to each
combustion chamber fuel nozzle assembly is calculated to maintain unit load and fuel split for
optimal turbine emissions.
The combustion system is of the reverse-flow type with the 6 combustion chambers arranged
around the periphery of the compressor discharge casing. Combustion chambers are
numbered counterclockwise when viewed looking downstream and starting from the top of
the machine. This system also includes the fuel nozzles, a spark plug ignition system, flame
detectors, and crossfire tubes. Hot gases, generated from burning fuel in the combustion
chambers, flow through the impingement cooled transition pieces to the turbine.
High pressure air from the compressor discharge is directed around the transition pieces.
Some of the air enters the holes in the impingement sleeve to cool the transition pieces and
flows into the flow sleeve. The rest enters the annulus between the flow sleeve and the
combustion liner through holes in the downstream end of the flow sleeve. This air enters the
combustion zone through metering holes for proper fuel combustion and through slots to cool
the combustion liner. Fuel is supplied to each combustion chamber through six nozzles
designed to disperse and mix the fuel with the proper amount of combustion air.

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1.4.2. OUTER COMBUSTION CHAMBERS AND FLOW SLEEVES

The outer combustion chambers act as the pressure shells for the combustors. They also
provide flanges for the fuel nozzle-end cover assemblies, crossfire tube flanges, and, where
called for, spark plugs, flame detectors and false start drains. The flow sleeves form an
annular space around the cap and liner assemblies that directs the combustion and cooling
air flows into the reaction region. To maintain the impingement sleeve pressure drop, the
openings for crossfire tubes, spark plugs, and flame detectors are sealed with sliding
grommets.

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COMBUSTION CHAMBER ARRANGEMENT (TYPICAL)

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1.4.3. CROSSFIRE TUBES

All combustion chambers are interconnected by means of crossfire tubes. The outer
chambers are connected with an outer crossfire tube and the combustion liner primary zones
are connected by the inner crossfire tubes.

CROSSFIRE TUBE ASSEMBLY (TYPICAL)

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1.4.4. FUEL NOZZLES END COVER

The MS 6001 FA nozzle combustor utilizes six fuel nozzles in each combustion end cover.
On the nozzle combustor, the fuel nozzle is functionally integrated with the combustor end
cover. Internal manifolds within the cover supply gas to the six fuel nozzles.
The steam injector is mounted through the center of the cover. Heavy-walled tubing supplies
steam to each gas swirl tip. The steam is directed into the swirl vanes through small holes in
the tubing where it then enters the combustor for NOx reduction. The tubing is attached to
the body of the distributor with special tubing fittings and supported in a groove cut around
the gas tip. The assembly is locked in place using a special lockplate.

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1.4.5. CAP AND LINER ASSEMBLIES

The combustion liners use conventional cooling slots but are fabricated from a heavier
material. All but the seal (in contact with the transition pieces) of the liner is made from
Hastelloy-X. Inconel is used for the seal of the liner. Interior surfaces of the liner and the cap
are thermal barrier coated to reduce metal temperatures and thermal gradients. The cap has
five floating collars to engage each of the five fuel nozzle tips. It is cooled by a combination of
film cooling and impingement cooling and has thermal barrier coating on the inner surfaces.

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DESCRIPTION

1.4.6. SPARK PLUGS

Combustion is initiated by means of the discharge from two spark plugs, which are bolted to
flanges on the combustion cans and centered within the liner and flowsleeve in adjacent
combustion chambers. A typical spark plug arrangement is shown in the following. These
plugs receive their energy from high energy-capacitor discharge power supplies. At the time
of firing, a spark at one or both of these plugs ignites the gases in a chamber, the remaining
chambers are ignited by crossfire through the tubes that interconnect the reaction zone of the
remaining chambers.

SPARK PLUG ASSEMBLY (TYPICAL)

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1.4.7. ULTRAVIOLET FLAME DETECTORS

During the starting sequence, it is essential that an indication of the presence or absence of
flame be transmitted to the control system. For this reason, a flame monitoring system is
used consisting of multiple flame detectors located as shown of the following figure. The
flame detectors have water cooled jackets to maintain acceptable temperatures.
The ultraviolet flame sensor contains a gas filled detector. The gas within this detector is
sensitive to the presence of ultraviolet radiation, which is emitted by a hydrocarbon flame. A
DC voltage, supplied by the amplifier, is impressed across the detector terminals. If flame is
present, the ionization of the gas in the detector allows conduction in the circuit, which
activates the electronics to give an output indicating flame. Conversely, the absence of flame
will generate an output indicating no flame.

The signals from the four flame detectors are sent to the control system, which uses an
internal logic system to determine whether a flame or loss of flame condition exists.
For detailed operating and maintenance information covering this equipment, refer to the
vendor publications.

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FLAME DETECTOR ASSEMBLY (TYPICAL)

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1.5. TURBINE SECTION

1.5.1. GENERAL

The three-stage turbine section is the area in which energy in the form of high temperature
pressurized gas, produced by the compressor and combustion sections, is converted to
mechanical energy.
MS 6001 FA gas turbine hardware includes the turbine rotor, turbine casing, exhaust frame,
exhaust diffuser, nozzles, and shrouds.

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1.5.2. TURBINE ROTOR

1.5.2.1. STRUCTURE

The turbine rotor assembly consists of the forward and aft turbine wheel shafts and the first-,
second- and third-stage turbine wheel assemblies with spacers and turbine buckets.
Concentricity control is achieved with mating rabbets on the turbine wheels, wheel shafts,
and spacers. The wheels are held together with through bolts mating up with bolting flanges
on the wheel shafts and spacers. Selective positioning of rotor members is performed to
minimize balance corrections.

1.5.2.2. WHEEL SHAFTS

The turbine rotor distance piece extends from the first-stage turbine wheel to the aft flange of
the compressor rotor assembly.
The turbine rotor aft shaft includes the #2 bearing journal.

1.5.2.3. WHEEL ASSEMBLIES

Spacers between the first and second, and between the second and third-stage turbine
wheels determine the axial position of the individual wheels. These spacers carry the
diaphragm sealing lands. The 1-2 spacer forward and aft faces include radial slots for cooling
air passages.
Turbine buckets are assembled in the wheels with fir-tree-shaped dovetails that fit into
matching cutouts in the turbine wheel rims. All three turbine stages have precision
investment-cast, long-shank buckets. The long-shank bucket design effectively shields the
wheel rims and bucket root fastenings from the high temperatures in the hot gas path while

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providing mechanical damping of bucket vibrations. As a further aid in vibration damping, the
stage-two and stage-three buckets have interlocking shrouds at the butcket tips. These
shrouds also increase the turbine efficiency by minimizing tip leakage. Radial teeth on the
bucket shrouds combine with stepped surfaces on the stator to provide a labyrinth seal
against gas leakage past the bucket tips.
The increase in the size of the buckets from the first to the third stage is necessitated by the
pressure reduction resulting from energy conversion in each stage, requiring an increased
annulus area to accommodate the gas flow.

1.5.2.4. COOLING

The turbine rotor is cooled to maintain reasonable operating temperatures and, therefore,
assure a longer turbine service life. Cooling is accomplished by means of a positive flow of
cool air extracted from the compressor and discharged radially outward through a space
between the turbine wheel and the stator, into the main gas stream. This area is called the
wheelspace.

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1.5.2.5. FIRST-STAGE WHEELSPACES

The first-stage forward wheelspace is cooled by compressor discharge air. A honeycomb

labyrinth seal is installed at the aft end of the compressor rotor between the rotor and inner
barrel of the compressor discharge casing. The leakage through this labyrinth furnishes the
air flow through the first-stage forward wheelspace. This cooling air flow discharges into the
main gas stream aft of the first-stage nozzle.
The first-stage aft wheelspace is cooled by 9th stage extraction air ported through the 2nd
stage nozzle. This air returns to the gas path forward of the 2nd stage nozzle.

1.5.2.6. SECOND-STAGE WHEELSPACES

The second-stage forward wheelspace is cooled by leakage from the first-stage aft
wheelspace through the interstage labyrinth. This air returns to the gas path at the entrance
of the second-stage buckets.
The second-stage aft wheelspace is cooled by 13th stage extraction air ported through the
3rd stage nozzle. Air from this wheelspace returns to the gas path at the third-stage nozzle
entrance.

1.5.2.7. THIRD-STAGE WHEELSPACES

The third-stage forward wheelspace is cooled by leakage from the second-stage aft
wheelspace through the interstage labyrinth. This air reenters the gas path at the third-stage
bucket entrance.
The third-stage aft wheelspace obtains its cooling air from the discharge of the exhaust
frame cooling air annulus. This air flows through the third-stage aft wheelspace, and into the
gas path at the entrance to the exhaust diffuser.

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1.5.2.8. BUCKETS

Air is introduced into each first-stage bucket through a plenum at the base of the bucket
dovetail. It flows through serpentine cooling holes extending the length of the bucket and
exits at the trailing edge and the bucket tip. The holes are spaced and sized to obtain
optimum cooling of the airfoil with minimum compressor extraction air.

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Unlike the first-stage buckets, the second-stage buckets are cooled by spanwise air
passages the length of the airfoil. Air is introduced like the first-stage, with a plenum at the
base of the bucket dovetail. Again airfoil cooling is accomplished with minimum penalty to the
thermodynamic cycle.

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The third-stage buckets are not internally air cooled ; the tips of these buckets, like the
second-stage buckets, are enclosed by a shroud, which is a part of the tip seal. These
shrouds interlock from bucket to bucket to provide vibration damping.
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1.5.3. TURBINE STATOR

1.5.3.1. STRUCTURE

The turbine casing and the exhaust frame constitute the major portion of the MS 6001 FA
gas turbine stator structure. The turbine nozzles, shrouds, and turbine exhaust diffuser are
internally supported from these components.

1.5.3.2. TURBINE CASING

The turbine casing controls the axial and radial positions of the shrouds and nozzles. It
determines turbine clearances and the relative positions of the nozzles to the turbine
buckets. This positioning is critical to gas turbine performance.
Hot gases contained by the turbine casing are a source of heat flow into the casing. Heat
flow limitations incorporate insulation, cooling, and multi-layered structures. 13th and 9th
stage extraction air is piped into the turbine casing annular spaces around the 2nd and 3rd
stage nozzles. From there the air is ported through the nozzle partitions and into the wheel
spaces.
Structurally, the turbine casing forward flange is bolted to the bulkhead flange at the aft end
of the compressor discharge casing. The turbine casing aft flange is bolted to the forward
flange of the exhaust frame.

1.5.3.3. NOZZLES

In the turbine section there are three stages of stationary nozzles, which direct the high-
velocity flow of the expanded hot combustion gas against the turbine buckets causing the
turbine rotor to rotate. Because of the high pressure drop across these nozzles, there are
seals at both the inside and the outside diameters to prevent loss of system energy by
leakage. Since these nozzles operate in the hot combustion gas flow, they are subjected to
thermal stresses in addition to gas pressure loadings.

1.5.3.4. FIRST-STAGE NOZZLE

The first-stage nozzle receives the hot combustion gases from the combustion system via
the transition pieces. The transition pieces are sealed to both the outer and inner sidewalls
on the entrance side of the nozzle ; this minimize leakage of compressor discharge air into
the nozzles.
The Model 6001 FA gas turbine first-stage nozzle contains a forward and aft cavity in the
vane and is cooled by a combination of film, impingement and convection techniques in both
the vane and sidewall regions.
The nozzle segments, each with two partitions or airfoils, are contained by a horizontally split
retaining ring which is centerline supported to the turbine casing on lugs at the sides and
guided by keys at the top and bottom vertical centerlines. This permits radial growth of the
retaining ring, resulting from changes in temperature, while the ring remains centered in the
casing.

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The aft outer sidewall of the nozzle is loaded against the forward face of the first-stage
turbine shroud and acts as the air seal to prevent leakage of compressor discharge air
between the nozzle and turbine casing.
On the inner sidewall, the nozzle is sealed by a flange cast on the inner diameter of the
sidewall that rests against a mating face on the first-stage nozzle support ring, a locating
dowel that engages a lug on the inner sidewall.
The nozzle is prevented from moving forward by the lugs on the aft outside diameter of the
retaining ring at 60 degrees from vertical and horizontal centerlines. By moving the horizontal
joint support block and the bottom centerline key and the 60°blocks, the lower half of the
nozzle can be rolled out with the turbine rotor in place.

1.5.3.5. SECOND-STAGE NOZZLE

Combustion air exiting from the first stage buckets is again expanded and redirected against
the second-stage turbine buckets by the second-stage nozzle. This nozzle is made of cast
segments, each with two partitions or airfoils. The male hooks on the entrance and exit sides
of the outer sidewall fit into female grooves on the aft side of the first-stage shrouds and on
the forward side of the second-stage shrouds to maintain the nozzle concentric with the
turbine shell and rotor. This close fitting tongue-and-groove fit between nozzle and shrouds
acts as an outside diameter air seal. The nozzle segments are held in a circumferential
position by radial pins from the shell into axial slots in the nozzle outer sidewall.
The second-stage nozzle is cooled with 13th stage extraction air.

1.5.3.6. THIRD-STAGE NOZZLE

The third-stage nozzle receives the hot gas as it leaves the second-stage buckets, increases
its velocity by pressure drop, and directs this flow against the third-stage buckets. The nozzle
consists of cast segments, each with three partitions or airfoils. It is held at the outer sidewall
forward and aft sides in grooves in the turbine shrouds in a manner similar to that used on
the second-stage nozzle. The third-stage nozzle is circumferentially positioned by radial pins
from the shell. 9th stage extraction air flows through the nozzle partitions for nozzle
convection cooling and for augmenting wheelspace cooling air flow.

1.5.3.7. DIAPHRAGM

Bolted to the inside diameters of both the second and third-stage nozzle segments are the
nozzle diaphragms. These diaphragms prevent air leakage past the inner sidewall of the
nozzles and the turbine rotor. A honeycomb labyrinth seal is brazed into the inside diameter
of the diaphragm. They mate with opposing sealing teeth on the turbine rotor. Minimal radial
clearance between stationary parts (diaphragm and nozzles) and the moving rotor are
essential for maintaining low interstage leakage; this results in higher turbine efficiency.

1.5.3.8. SHROUDS

Unlike the compressor blades, the turbine buckets tips do not run directly against an integral
machined surface of the casing but against annular curved segments called turbine shrouds.
The shrouds'primary function is to provide a cylindrical surface for minimizing bucket tip
clearance leakage.

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The turbine shrouds' secondary function is to provide a high thermal resistance between the
hot gases and the comparatively cool turbine casing. By accomplishing this function, the
turbine casing cooling load is drastically reduced, the turbine casing diameter is controlled,
the turbine casing roundness is maintained, and important turbine clearances are assured.
The first stage stationary shroud segments are in two pieces; the gas-side inner shroud is
separated from the supporting outer shroud to allow for expansion and contraction, and
thereby improve low-cycle fatigue life. The first-stage shroud is cooled by impingement, film,
and convection. The second and third stage stationary shroud segments are a single piece
configuration with a honeycomb seal brazed into the inside diameter to form the seal surface
to the bucket seal tooth.
The shroud segments are maintained in the circumferential position by radial pins from the
turbine casing. Joints between shroud segments are sealed by spline seals.

1.5.3.9. EXHAUST FRAME

The exhaust frame is bolted to the aft flange of the turbine casing. Structurally, the frame
consists of an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder interconnected by the radial struts. The #2
bearing is supported from the inner cylinder.
The exhaust diffuser located at the aft end of the turbine is bolted to the exhaust frame.
Gases exhausted from the third turbine stage enter the diffuser where velocity is reduced by
diffusion and pressure is recovered. At the exit of the diffuser, the gases are directed into the
exhaust plenum.
Exhaust frame radial struts cross the exhaust gas stream. These struts position the inner
cylinder and #2 bearing in relation to the outer casing of the gas turbine. The struts must be
maintained at a constant temperature in order to control the center position of the rotor in
relation to the stator. This temperature stabilization is accomplished by protecting the struts
from exhaust gases with a metal fairing that forms an air space around each strut and
provides a rotated, combined airfoil shape.
Off-base blowers provide cooling air flow through the space between the struts and the
wrapper to maintain uniform temperature of the struts. This air is then directed to the third-
stage aft wheelspace.
Trunnions on the sides of the exhaust frame are used with similar trunnions on the forward
compressor casing to lift the gas turbine when it is separated from its base.

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1.6. BEARINGS

1.6.1. GENERAL

The MS 6001 FA gas turbine unit has two four-element, tilting pad journal bearings, which
support the gas turbine rotor. The unit also includes a thrust bearing to maintain the rotor-to-
stator axial position. Thrust is absorbed by a tilting pad thrust bearing with eight shoes on
both sides of the thrust bearing runner. These bearings and seals are incorporated in two
housings, one at the inlet casing, one in the exhaust frame. These main bearings are
pressure-lubricated by oil supplied from the main lubricating oil system. The oil flows through
branch lines to an inlet in each bearing housing.

1.6.2. LUBRICATION

The main turbine bearings are pressure-lubricated with oil supplied, from the oil reservoir. Oil
feed piping, where practical, is run within the lube oil drain lines, or drain channels, as a
protective measure. In the event of a supply line leak, oil will not be sprayed on nearby
equipment, thus eliminating a potential safety hazard.
When the oil enters the housing inlet, it flows into an annulus around the bearing. From the
annulus, the oil flows through machined holes or slots to the bearing rotor interface.

1.6.2.1. LUBRICANT SEALING

Oil on the surface of the turbine shaft is prevented from being spun along the shaft by oil
seals in each of the bearing housings. These labyrinth seals are assembled at the
extremities of the bearing assemblies where oil control is required. A smooth surface is
machined on the shaft and the seals are assembled so that only a small clearance exists
between the oil seal and the shaft. The oil seals are designed with tandem rows of teeth and
an annular space between them. Pressurized sealing air is admitted into this space to
prevent lubricating oil vapor from exiting the bearing housing. The air that returns with the oil
to the main lubricating oil reservoir is vented to atmosphere after passing through an oil
vapor extractor.

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DESCRIPTION

1.7. ENCLOSURES

1.7.1. GENERAL

Gas turbine enclosures, referred to in this manual as compartments, are those partitioned
areas in which specific components of the overall power plant are contained. These
compartments are built for all-weather conditions and designed for accessibility when
performing maintenance. They are provided with thermal and acoustical insulation and
lighted for convenience. The aim of those enclosures is :
• To provide weather protection for the equipment.
• To detect and extinguish the fire and to contain fire fighting medium
• To provide proper cooling and ventilation for the equipment including during gas
turbine cooling down sequence.
• To dilute gas leak to avoid hazardous area
• To provide attenuation of the noise generated by the equipment
• To protect personnel from high temperature and fire risks.
• To heat the enclosure during cold period

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1.8. COUPLING

1.8.1. GENERAL

The load coupling links the gas turbine shaft to the load gear high speed shaft.
It is flexible type coupling which is capable of accommodating shortening and lengthening of
its normal flange to flange dimension by ± 25 mm and 0,25 degrees of misalignment while
operating at normal torque maximum continuous speed and maximum axial excursion.
The coupling length is approximately of 1250 mm and the flange diameter is approximately of
573 mm.
For more details refer to subcontractor literature.

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 Speed Indicating Ring Compressor Rotor Compressor
AFT Stub Shaft AFT Coupling
Ring Retaining Pin (To Turb Rotor)

Rotor Nut

Rotor Stud

Compressor Rotor
Stud Assembly
Qty 15

12 Point Nut

Speed Indicating Ring Assembly Cooling Air Passages

Locknut
15 Thru Holes

16th Stage
Compressor Wheel
Forward Stub Shaft
(Stage Zero)

#1 Bearing
Journal
Compressor Wheels AFT Bearing
Stage 2 thru 15 Surface
(Manufacturing Use)

AFT Balance
Thrust Bearing Weight Groove
Runner

Forward
Coupling
16th Stage Comp Wheel
AFT Side Bore Fan
Configuration.
A Machined Gap Between The
16th Stage & AFT Stub Shaft
(At The Outer Rim) Permits The
Fan To Draw Air From The
Compressed Air Flow and Direct
It Through The AFT Stub Shaft
Cooling Air Passages To Cool
1st Stage Down Stream Turbine Components.
Compressor Wheel
Note: 16th Stage
Blades Not Shown Compressor Wheel &
In All Wheels For AFT Stub Shaft
FWD Balance Dwg Simplicity
Weight Groove Cooling Air Passages
AFT Side
6FACOMP 1/98
 Lockwire 3rd Stage Plate Bolts & Lockplates
Retaining Pin 12PT Nut
Qty 9/Whl AFT Side Retaining Plate
Qty 18
3rd Stage Bkt
Qty 92 3rd Stage
Rotor Stud
Qty 18

2nd Stage
12PT Nut
Cooling AFT Side
Air Slots Qty 24
AFT Plug
2nd Stage
1st Stage Rotor Stud
Turbine Wheel Qty 24
AFT Side AFT Bearing
Journal
Bucket Lockwire Assembly
Typical All Buckets 2nd Stage Bkt
All Stages Qty 92

2nd Stage
12PT Nut Turbine AFT Shaft
1st Stage Bkt FWD Side
Qty 92 1st Stage
12PT Nut Bucket
AFT Side Lockwire
Qty 24 Ea.
1st Stage
Rotor Stud 3rd Stage
Qty 24 Turbine Wheel
1st Stage
12PT Nut
FWD Side
Qty 24

2 to 3 Spacer

Bucket Platform
Seal Pin
Lockwire

Turbine 2nd Stage

Cooling Air Turbine Wheel
Passages
15 Thru Holes

1 to 2 Spacer AFT End of

Cooling Air Bucket Seal Pin Assembly
Passages Typical All Buckets
Bucket All Stages
Lockwire
Shank
Turb Rotor Seal Pins
FWD Bearing 1st Stage
Surface Turbine Wheel
(Manufacturing Use)

Distance Piece
Compressor to Turbine Integral
Turbine
Cooling Air
Distance Piece Fan

6FATURB 1/98
 MS6001FA Gas Turbine
Turbine and Exhaust Frame Sections
Cooling and Sealing
Air Flows
Exhaust Frame
Turbine Case
COOLING & SEALING AIR
SUPPLIED BY OFF BASE
EXHAUST FRAME COOLING BLOWERS

13th STAGE 9th STAGE

EXTRACTION EXTRACTION
COOLING AIR COOLING AIR

COMPRESSOR
DISCHARGE AIR

COOLING & SEALING AIR

COMPRESSOR SUPPLIED BY OFF BASE
DISCHARGE AIR EXHAUST FRAME COOLING BLOWERS

16th STAGE EXTRACTION

COOLING & SEALING AIR

CL Unit
#2
Bearing
CL
6FA CSA 4/98
Tab 3
 GE Energy

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DESCRIPTION

TURBINE CONTROL DEVICE SYSTEM

1 - Definition
Turbine and compressor control and protection sensors are grouped as a single system
including:

x Turbine speed sensors

x Ignition transformers, spark plugs and flame detectors
x Vibrations sensors
x Compressor temperature measurement
x Turbine cooling temperature measurement
x Gas turbine exhaust temperature measurement
x Turbine bearings oil and metal temperature measurement

2 - Component function
28FD-1 Detects flame in the secondary zone of chamber combustion n°1
28FD-2 Detects flame in combustion chamber n°2
28FD-6A Detects flame in the secondary zone of chamber combustion n°6
28FD-6B Detects flame in the secondary zone of chamber combustion n°6
30SG-1 Detects an ignition transformer trouble
39V-1A Measures vibrations on the hat of bearing n°1
39V-1B Measures vibrations on the hat of bearing n°1
Measures vibrations on the flange of oil return piping of bearing
39V-2A
n°2
39V-2B Measures vibrations on the hat of bearing 2
Measures the movement of the rotor in the plan X,Y of bearing
39VS-11
n°1
Measures the movement of the rotor in the plan X,Y of bearing
39VS-12
n°1
Measures the movement of the rotor in the plan X,Y of bearing
39VS-21
n°2
Measures the movement of the rotor in the plan X,Y of bearing
39VS-22
n°2

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77HT-1 Measures shaft line speed specific circuit of overspeed

77HT-2 Measures shaft line speed specific circuit of overspeed
77HT-3 Measures shaft line speed specific circuit of overspeed
77NH-1 Measures the shaft line speed
77NH-2 Measures the shaft line speed
77NH-3 Measures the shaft line speed
77RP-11 Detects the shaft position
95SG-4 Provides high voltage for ignition to the spark plug
95SG-5 Provides high voltage for ignition to the spark plug
95SP-4 Realizes ignition of combustion
95SP-5 Realizes ignition of combustion
96VC-11 Measures the axial movement of the turbine rotor
96VC-12 Measures the axial movement of the turbine rotor
BT-J1-1A, 1B Measures temperature of bearing bushing n°1
BT-J1-2A, 2B Measures temperature of bearing bushing n°1
BT-J2-1A, 1B Measures temperature of bearing bushing n°2
BT-J2-2A, 2B Measures temperature of bearing bushing n°2
BT-TA-6A, 6B 1Measures temperature of pad n°6 of thrust bearing n°1
BT-TA-12A, 12B Measures temperature of pad n°12 of counter thrust bearing n°
BT-TI-4A, 4B Measures temperature of pad n°4 of counter thrust bearing n°1
BT-TI-8A, 8B Measures temperature of pad n°8 of thrust bearing n°1
CT-DA-1 Measures air temperature of the outlet of compressor
CT-DA-2 Measures air temperature of the outlet of compressor
CT-DA-3 Measures air temperature of the outlet of compressor
CT-IF-1A, 1B Measures air temperature of the inlet of compressor
CT-IF-2A, 2B Measures air temperature of the inlet of compressor
TT-IB-1 Measures air temperature in exhaust tunnel
TT-IB-2 Measures air temperature in exhaust tunnel
TT-IB-3 Measures air temperature in exhaust tunnel

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Rev. : A
Page : 3/3
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
DESCRIPTION

Measures wheel space temperature, external position after first

TT-WS1AO-1
wheel
Measures wheel space temperature, external position after first
TT-WS1AO-2
wheel
Measures wheel space temperature, internal position before first
TT-WS1FI-1
wheel
Measures wheel space temperature, internal position before first
TT-WS1FI-2
wheel
Measures wheel space temperature, external position after
TT-WS2AO-1
second wheel
Measures wheel space temperature, external position after
TT-WS2AO-2
second wheel
Measures wheel space temperature, external position after third
TT-WS3AO-1
wheel
Measures wheel space temperature, external position after third
TT-WS3AO-2
wheel
TT-XD-1 to 21 Measures temperature of GT exhaust

3 - Additional information
Gas turbine speed:
Magnetic pick up sensors measure the pulse given by the toothed wheel fitted at compressor
shaft front end. The frequency in Hz is equal to the speed in RPM due to the 60 tooth of the
wheel.

Vibration measurements:
Seismic sensors and proximity probes measure the shaft vibrations. The vibration map after
commissioning load tests represents the original vibration signature.

Gas turbine cooling:

Gas turbine cooling is monitored by wheel space thermocouples. Two thermocouples
situated at the same wheel space level should measure similar temperature. A temperature
difference between two thermocouples in the same wheel space, detected by the
Speedtronic® , represents a cooling fault or a measurement fault which must be analyzed and
rectified quickly.

Gas turbine exhaust temperature:

TT-XD thermocouples measure gas turbine exhaust temperature. An exhaust spread,
detected by the Speedtronic® , represents a combustion fault or a measurement fault and
must be analyzed and rectified quickly.

All right reserved copyright - Droits de reproduction réservés

OMMD_0415_6FA_E0765_A_EN Revision: A Date: 01/2009
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 GE Energy

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev : A

Page : 1/7
DRAWINGS

- CONTROL DEVICES TURBINE -

PART NOMENCLATURE

1 28FD-1, 2, 6A, 6B Flame detector combustion chambers 1, 2, 6

2 30SG-1 Diagnostic ignition exciter switch
3 39V-1A, 1B Vibration sensor turbine (N°1 bearing cap)
4 39V-2A, 2B Vibration sensor turbine (N°2 bearing cap)
5 39VS-11, 12 Vibration sensor, non contracting probes (N°1 bearing)
6 39VS-21, 22 Vibration sensor, non contracting probes (N°2 bearing)
7 77HT-1 to 3 Turbine shaft overspeed high pressure set magnetic pick-up
speed
8 77NH-1 to 3 Turbine shaft high pressure set magnetic pick-up speed
9 77RP-11 Shaft angular position indicator (keyphasor)
10 95SG-4, 5 Ignition exciter for 95 SP-4, 5
11 95SP-4, 5 Combustion chamber spark plug n°4, 5
12 96VC-11, 12 Vibration sensor
13 BT-J1-1A, 1B, Thermocouple, N°1 turbine bearing
2A, 2B
14 BT-J2-1A, 1B, Thermocouple, N°2 turbine bearing
2A, 2B
15 BT-TA-6A, 6B, Thermocouple, turbine thrust bearing
12A, 12B
16 BT-TI-4A, 4B, Thermocouple, turbine counter thrust bearing
8A, 8B
17 CT-DA-1, 2, 3 Thermocouple compressor discharge temperature
18 CT-IF-1A, 1B, Thermocouple compressor inlet temperature
2A, 2B
19 TT-IB-1,2,3 Turbine temperature inner barrel
20 TT-WS1A0-1, 2 Thermocouple turbine temperature wheelspace 1st stage after
21 TT-WS1F1-1, 2 Thermocouple turbine temperature wheelspace 1st stage forward
22 TT-WS2A0-1, 2 Thermocouple turbine temperature wheelspace 2nd stage after
23 TT-WS3A0-1, 2 Thermocouple turbine temperature wheelspace 3rd stage after
24 TT-XD-1 to 21 Exhaust temperature thermocouple

All rights reserved Copyright – Droits de reproduction réservés

N° OMMDR_0415_6FA_01_A_EN Revision : A Date : 11/07

 GE Energy

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev : A

Page : 2/7
DRAWINGS

- CONTROL DEVICES TURBINE -

(Sh.6)

E-1 5 39VS-12
(Sh. 3)
5 39VS-11
12 96VC-12

1
12 96VC-11

11 95SP-5

95SP-4
11

39V-1B 3 3 39V-1A

E-2
(Sh. 3)

VIEW A-A-
ISOMETRIC VIEW

10 95SG-4, 5

2 30SG-1

ISOMETRIC VIEW
BEARING 1
DETAIL D-A BEARING 1 - ISOMETRIC VIEW
All rights reserved Copyright – Droits de reproduction réservés

Date : 11/07 Revision : A N° OMMDR_0415_6FA_01_A_EN

 GE Energy
16 BT-TI-4A, 4B C 15 BT-TA-6A, 6B BT-J1-2A, 2B
C OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev : A
13
Page : 3/7
DRAWINGS

C
- CONTROL DEVICES TURBINE -
C

C
C BT-J1-1A, 1B SEE DETAIL - D
13
E-3

15
16 BT-TI-8A, 8B C BT-TA-12A, 12B
C
SECTION B-1 SECTION B-2 SECTION B-3 7

77HT-1 to 3

8
77NH-1 to 3
SECTION C-C DETAIL D

VIEW E-2

B-3 B-3

B-2 9 77RP-11
B-2

B-1 B-1

VIEW E-3

VIEW E-1 All rights reserved Copyright – Droits de reproduction réservés

Date : 11/07 Revision : A N° OMMDR_0415_6FA_01_A_EN

 GE Energy

C-4 C-1 C-3 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev : A

(Sh.5) (Sh.5)
C-2 Page : 4/7
DRAWINGS

- CONTROL DEVICES TURBINE -

TT-WS1A0-1 TT-WS1A0-2
20
20

SECTION C-1
C-2

20 22
C-4 C-3
TT-WS1A0-2 TT-WS2A0-2
(Sh.5) (Sh.5)
C-1
VIEW RIGHT SIDE
GAS TURBINE MODULE
22
TT-WS2A0-1

22 TT-WS2A0-2
SECTION C-2

E-4
(Sh.5)

TT-WS2A0-1 22 20 TT-WS1A0-1

VIEW LEFT SIDE

GAS TURBINE MODULE
All rights reserved Copyright – Droits de reproduction réservés

Date : 11/07 Revision : A N° OMMDR_0415_6FA_01_A_EN

 GE Energy

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev : A

TT-IB-1 TT-XD-1 to 21
19 24 Page : 5/7
DRAWINGS

- CONTROL DEVICES TURBINE -

TT-IB-3 19

TT-WS1F1-1
23 21
23 TT-WS3A0-2

TT-WS3A0-1

17 CT-DA-3

SECTION C-3
19 TT-IB-2
CT-DA-1 17
21 TT-WS1F1-2

17 CT-DA-2

18 18

CT-IF-1A, 1B CT-IF-2A, 2B
SECTION C-4

VIEW E-4 All rights reserved Copyright – Droits de reproduction réservés

Date : 11/07 Revision : A N° OMMDR_0415_6FA_01_A_EN

 GE Energy

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev : A

Page : 6/7
DRAWINGS

- CONTROL DEVICES TURBINE -

1 1
28FD-6A 28FD-6B

1
28FD-1
11 95SP-5

11 95SP-4

1
28FD-2

39V-2B 4 4 39V-2A
E-5
(Sh.7)

VIEW E-A (sh.2)

AT COMBUSTION CHAMBERS ASSY.

6 39VS-21

6 39VS-22
DETAIL N-B BEARING 2 - ISOMETRIC VIEW
ISOMETRIC VIEW
BEARING 2

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Date : 11/07 Revision : A N° OMMDR_0415_6FA_01_A_EN

 GE Energy

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev : A

Page : 7/7
DRAWINGS

- CONTROL DEVICES TURBINE -

F-2 F-2

14 14
BT-J2-2A, 2B BT-J2-1A, 1B

SECTION F-2
VIEW E-5

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Date : 11/07 Revision : A N° OMMDR_0415_6FA_01_A_EN

Tab 4
 GE Energy

Rev. : A
Page : 1/1
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
DESCRIPTION

FLOW INLET AND EXHAUST SYSTEM

1 - Definition

The flow inlet & exhaust is designed for insuring the following functions :

x To supply the gas turbine with filtered air flow

x To provide anti-icing
x To distribute the bleed heating air flow in homogeneous spray
x To reduce the compressor air inlet acoustical level
x To protect the air inlet duct against high pressure drop

2 - Component function

27TF-1 Gathers the air filter alarms

63CA-1 Detects the compressed air low pressure
63TF-2A Detects high pressure drop in the air inlet duct
63TF-2B Detects high pressure drop in the air inlet duct
96RH Measures the ambient air temperature and humidity
96TF-1 Measures the air filter pressure drop

3 - Additional information
Refer to gas turbine air filter documentation for complementary information.

All right reserved copyright - Droits de reproduction réservés

OMMD_0471_6FA_E0765_A_EN Revision: A Date: 01/2009
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