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Cell Physiology Revision Questions

The document contains a cell physiology revision questions and answers. It includes 23 multiple choice questions testing various concepts in cell membrane structure, transport mechanisms, action potentials, signaling pathways and the extracellular matrix. The questions cover topics such as the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure, types of membrane proteins, mechanisms of membrane transport including simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion and active transport, the stages of an action potential, neurotransmitter release and function, intracellular signaling pathways involving G-proteins and tyrosine kinases, apoptosis, extracellular matrix composition and function, and cell junction types.

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175 views6 pages

Cell Physiology Revision Questions

The document contains a cell physiology revision questions and answers. It includes 23 multiple choice questions testing various concepts in cell membrane structure, transport mechanisms, action potentials, signaling pathways and the extracellular matrix. The questions cover topics such as the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure, types of membrane proteins, mechanisms of membrane transport including simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion and active transport, the stages of an action potential, neurotransmitter release and function, intracellular signaling pathways involving G-proteins and tyrosine kinases, apoptosis, extracellular matrix composition and function, and cell junction types.

Uploaded by

joojo
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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REVISION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS –CELL PHYSIOLOGY

1. The “fluid” and “mosaic” terms in the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure
refer to the ___ and ___, respectively.
A. inside of the membrane; outside of the membrane
B. lipids; proteins
C. proteins; lipids
D. fatty acid chains; polar groups

2. Which of the following proteins is likely to contain one or more hydrophobic


segments, 20-30 amino acids long?
A. Integral membrane protein.
B. Peripheral membrane protein.
C. Lipid-anchored protein.
D. Cytoplasmic protein.

3. Which of the following would most readily cross a lipid bilayer by simple
diffusion?
A. Oxygen
B. Glucose
C. Chloride ions
D. Proteins

4. The voltage-gated potassium channels associated with an action potential provide


an example of what type of membrane transport?
A. Simple diffusion.
B. Facilitated diffusion.
C. Coupled transport.
D. Active transport.

5. You are studying the entry of a small molecule into red blood cells. You determine
the rate of movement across the membrane under a variety of conditions and make the
following observations:
i. The molecules can move across the membrane in either direction.
ii. The molecules always move down their concentration gradient.
iii. No energy source is required for the molecules to move across the membrane.
iv. As the difference in concentration across the membrane increases, the rate of
transport reaches a maximum.
The mechanism used to get this molecule across the membrane is most likely:
A. simple diffusion.
REVISION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS –CELL PHYSIOLOGY

B. facilitated diffusion.
C. active transport.
D. There is not enough information to determine a mechanism.

6. A particular cell has an internal chloride ion concentration of 50 mM, while outside
the cell the chloride ion concentration is 100 mM. The free energy change associated
with chloride transport into the cell (DG) is +970 cal/mol. Which choice below is the
best explanation for this data?
A. Cl- ion movement into the cell is energetically favorable.
B. Both the concentration gradient and electrical gradient favor movement of Cl- ions
into the cell.
C. The concentration gradient for Cl- ions favors movement into the cell, but the
electrical gradient opposes inward movement of Cl-.
D. Both the electrical and chemical gradients for Cl- ions favor outward movement of
Cl- ions.

7. Place the following steps in an action potential in the correct order.


1. Sodium channels become inactivated and potassium channels are opened.
2. Sodium and potassium channel gates are closed; membrane potential is –60mV.
3. Sodium channel gates open in response to change in membrane potential.
4. Potassium rapidly leaves the cell; membrane potential drops to –75mV.
5. Sodium rushes into the cell; membrane potential reaches +40mV.
A. 2, 1, 4, 3, 5, 2.
B. 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 2.
C. 2, 3, 4, 1, 5, 2.
D. 2, 3, 5, 1, 4, 2.

8. How are neurotransmitters released into a synapse in response to an action


potential?
A. They pass through voltage-gated neurotransmitter channels.
B. They diffuse through the cell when the action potential reverses membrane
potential.
C. They pass through gap junctions into the post-synaptic cell.
D. They are released by membrane fusion of vesicles in response to increased
calcium concentration.

9. The neurotransmitter g-amino butyric acid (GABA) binds to receptors that are
ligand-gated Cl- ion channels. What affect will this neurotransmitter have on the post-
REVISION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS –CELL PHYSIOLOGY

synaptic cell?
A. Cl- ions will rush into the cell leading to hyperpolarization and a reduced
likelihood of an action potential.
B. Cl- ions will rush into the cell leading to depolarization and an increase in the
chance for an action potential.
C. Cl- ions bind to GABA and inhibit it from interacting with the receptor, stimulating
an action potential.
D. There will be no significant effect on the post-synaptic cell; only the pre-synaptic
cell is affected by neurotransmitters.

10. Which of the following is the most likely immediate affect of G-protein
activation?
A. Receptors are stimulated to bind to their ligands.
B. Enzymes are activated that catalyze second messenger formation.
C. GTP is depleted from the cell.
D. G-proteins bind to DNA and activate gene expression.

11. Proteins with SH2 domains are important in intracellular signaling pathways.
What is the function of these domains?
A. They bind to activated tyrosine kinase receptors.
B. They bind to DNA and activate gene transcription.
C. They regulate the activity of voltage-gated ion channels.
D. They hydrolyze GTP to inactivate the pathway.

12. Platelet activation at the site of a wound is a example of:


A. endocrine signaling.
B. paracrine signaling.
C. intracellular receptor activation.
D. apoptosis.

13. Apoptosis is mediated by signal transduction pathways that lead to the


programmed death of the cell. How is cell death achieved during apoptosis?
A. Aqueous channels form in the cell membranes leading to inward movement of
water and lysis of the cell.
B. Gene expression is activated that leads to the synthesis of inhibitors of respiratory
enzymes.
C. The Na+/K+ ATPase is inactivated, leading to the loss of membrane potential
which the cell needs to survive.
REVISION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS –CELL PHYSIOLOGY

D. Caspases are activated that lead to hydrolysis of many cellular


macromolecules.

14. Which of the following statements is NOT true of tyrosine kinase-linked


receptors?
A. Monomeric receptors are often induced to dimerize upon ligand binding.
B. The activated receptors attract and activate G proteins to continue the signal
pathway.
C. The cytoplasmic side of the receptor contains a kinase enzyme domain that is
activated upon ligand binding.
D. Activated receptors autophosphorylate themselves to attract SH2 domain proteins.

15.What mechanism is used to regulate the spontaneous assembly of collagen protein


into a collagen fiber?
A. Different fibroblasts secrete different components for each collagen fiber.
B. Inhibitory protein domains are removed by an extracellular protease.
C. Covalent cross-links between proteins are only made outside the cell.
D. Complete collagen fibers are exported from the cell only as they are needed.

16. Which choice below describes the major function of proteoglycans in the
extracellular matrix?
A. They provide a hydrated, gel-like medium for lubrication, cushioning, and
embedding other ECM components.
B. They provide high strength fibers required to withstand mechanical stress.
C. They provide a highly elastic support to resist tension.
D. They create the dense, hard support structures of bone tissue.

17. Fibroblasts attach the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton via:


A. focal adhesions.
B. tight junctions.
C. hemidesmosomes.
D. gap junctions.

18. Which of the following classes of molecules is not involved in direct cell-to-cell
contact?
A. Cadherins
B. N-CAMs
REVISION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS –CELL PHYSIOLOGY

C. Selectins
D. Fibronectins

19. The cell junction that prevents the two different types of glucose transporters from
mixing in the plasma membrane of intestinal epithelial cells is the:
A. gap junction.
B. tight junction.
C. adherens junction.
D. desmosome.

20. Polarized epithelial cells:


A. have a reversed membrane potential from most other cells.
B. maintain distinct membrane domains through the action of tight junctions.
C. do not have gap junctions so they are isolated from their neighbors.
D. are found only in animals such as polar bears, walruses and penguins.

21. Which type of movement occurs when Na/K pump is used?


A. Na ions moves out of the cell and K+ move in
B. K+ ion moves out of cell and Na ion move in
C. both Na and K+ ions move inside the cell
D. both Na and K+ move out of the cell

22. Which substance is transported through secondary active transport?


A. urea B. water C. O 2 D. none of the above

23.  Which of the following methods does not require any carrier or channel
for transport of substances?
A. secondary active transport B. facilitated diffusion
C. simple diffusion D. primary active transport
REVISION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS –CELL PHYSIOLOGY

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