Swami Keshvanand Institute of Technology, Management

And Gramothan, Jaipur

Subject :- Training & Development

MBA(Semester-3)
Term Paper Topic :- Training

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
Dr. Ona Ladiwal Nikhil Sharma
Abstract
Organization and individual should develop and progress simultaneously for
their survival and attainment of mutual goals. So every modern management has
to develop the organization through human resource development. Employee
training is the important sub-system of human resource management. Training
is the act of increasing the knowledge and skills of an employee for doing a
particular job. Training is a short-term educational process and utilizing a
systematic and organized procedure by which employees learn technical
knowledge and skills for a definite purpose. In other words training improves,
changes, moulds the employee’s knowledge, skill, behavior, aptitude, and
attitude towards the requirements of the job, and organization. While the former
refers to training given it employees in the areas of operations, technical and
allied areas, the latter refers to developing an employee in the areas of principles
and techniques of management, administration, organization and allied areas.
This paper aims to attempt the need of training and development programmes in
respective organization and examine the methods and evolution of training
programmes was discussed.
Keywords - Employees, Development, Job, Methods, Programmes, Skills,
Training

Introduction
Training and development is an integral part of human resource management.
This is mainly because it imparts skills and experience required for higher
productivity. Human resource management is responsible for conducting
employee training and development. Ideally, it involves applying of principles
aimed at recruiting, training, compensating and developing employees in an
organization. These are usually done to maximize effectiveness of the
organization and its employees. Human resource is divided into different
categories that work together to achieve efficiency. These include recruitment,
performance management, retention, payroll and industrial relation, as well as
training and development. However, among these, training and development
forms the core of human resource management. This is mainly because it works
to reduce randomness as well as ensure that learning happens in a structured
manner. Several methods have been utilized in achieving the best training
programs. However, these programs need evaluation to determine their efficacy.
This can only be done through evaluation process and design. Training and
development programs require evaluation to ensure that the company moves
forward. This paper will establish why training and development is essential in
human resource management. It will also explore methods of training, analyze
its cost benefits and study a case on the same.

Definition of Training
Dale S. Beach defines training as ‘the organized procedure by which people
learn knowledge and/or skill for a definite purpose’. Training refers to the
teaching and learning activities carried on for the primary purpose of helping
members of an organization acquire and apply the knowledge, skills, abilities,
and attitudes needed by a particular job and organization.

Need for Training

1. Environmental changes

Mechanization, computerization, and automation have resulted in many changes

that require trained staff possessing enough skills. The organization should train
the employees to enrich them with the latest technology and knowledge.

2. Organizational complexity

With modern inventions, technological upgradation, and diversification most of

the organizations have become very complex. This has aggravated the problems
of coordination. So, in order to cope up with the complexities, training has
become mandatory.

3. Human relations

Every management has to maintain very good human relations, and this has
made training as one of the basic conditions to deal with human problems.

4. To match employee specifications with the job requirements and

organizational needs

An employee’s specification may not exactly suit to the requirements of the job
and the organization, irrespective of past experience and skills. There is always
a gap between an employee’s present specifications and the organization’s
requirements. For filling this gap training is required.
5. Change in the job assignment

Training is also necessary when the existing employee is promoted to the higher
level or transferred to another department. Training is also required to equip the
old employees with new techniques and technologies.

Designing Effective Training

Training programs play a crucial role in enhancing employee’s capabilities,
upgrading his existing knowledge and help him acquire new skills and
learnings. Effective training programs help employees to cope up with changes,
think out of the box, survive the cut throat competition with a smile and
contribute effectively to the success of organization. Training programs need to
be designed, keeping in mind the needs and requirements of employees.
Training modules ought to be precise, crisp and informative.

1. Defining Objectives of Training Interventions

2. Selecting Trainer

3. Preparing Lesson Plan

4. Selecting Training Methods

5. Preparing Training Materials

6. Scheduling Training Programme

Training Practices
Training and development initiatives are educational activities within an
organization that are designed to improve the job performance of an individual
or group. These programs typically involve advancing a worker's knowledge
and skill sets and instilling greater motivation to enhance job performance.

1. Transforming traditional training with microlearning

2. Applying gamification to increase engagement

3. Incorporating spaced repetition to enhance knowledge retention

4. Administering quizzes to reinforce learning

5. Motivating learners through a friendly competition

6. Recognizing employee achievements

7. Boosting learning with visual elements

8. Enabling peer learning to make training interactive

9. Making learning convenient with mobile learning

10. Streamlining training processes with an LMS

Training Needs Assessment(TNA)

A training needs assessment indicates an employee's current skills and
competency levels. This evaluation is then used to determine where each
employee stands in terms of the required competency level needed for
maximum performance and productivity in the present and future.

TNA Process

1. Initiate Discussions with Top Management

2. Set Up TNA Schedule and Objectives
3. Identifying the Information Source
4. Set up Methods for Data Collection
5. Collect the Information
6. Analysis of Data and Identification of Training Needs
7. Develop Training Objectives
8. Develop Training Plan
9. Preparation of TNA Report

Transfer of Training
Training transfer means that learners are able to “transfer” their knowledge and
skills learned in a training session back to their jobs. The importance of training
transfer cannot be overemphasized. Transfer of training is applying knowledge
and skills acquired during training to a targeted job or role. This is a term
commonly used within industrial and organizational psychology.

Model of Transfer

Baldwin and Ford (1988) is the most commonly cited model of transfer, which
defines the transfer of training as the generalization and maintenance of material
learned in training to the work environment. Within this model, the authors
conceptualize transfer of training as a three-stage process. In the first stage, the
inputs to training, including the training strategies, the work environment, and
trainee characteristics are defined. Next, through the training process, these
inputs generate training outputs in the form of learning and retention.
Ultimately, transfer of training occurs in the final stage when learning and
retention are generalized and maintained in the work environment. Using the
training inputs defined in this model, psychological research has identified
many factors that contribute to the positive transfer of training.

Literature Review
Training and development is essential for all organizations to achieve
their objectives. Many researches have been done in this area for
understanding the importance of training and development. According to
Abbas Q. and Yaqoob (2009) this fact is of no question that the most
domineering apprehension for organizations is performance. The study
found that training and development had positively correlated and claimed
statistically significant relationship with employee performance and
effectiveness. There have been many studies conducted on this subject. HRM
activities are considered as a gift in the eyes of employees and training is one of
them (Mahbuba, 2013). According to Iftikhar and Sirajud (2009) training and
development is an important activity to increase the performance of the
employees. effectiveness. On the other hand, Miller and Osinski (2002);
Rajasekar and Khan (2013) focused and analyzed that employee training &
development is one of the essential parts of human resources management
with the identification of organizational need, technique and procedure at
different industrial perspectives.

Conclusion
Training and Development is an important aspect of human resource
management. It is important for organization to get skilled and capable
employees for better performance, and employees will be than competent when
they have the knowledge and skill of doing the task. Training and Development
would provide opportunities to the employees to make a better career life and
get better position in organization. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to
analyze the impact of training and development on employee performance. HR
Department is continuously hiring skilled people from wide market and thus
provides trainings to cope with global challenges. Through various HR
activities and training programs they retain talents in the organization, ensure
career path for performers to perform more efficiently and effectively to
contribute more and more.

References
https://mettl.com/glossary/t/training-needs-assessment/

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=3109444

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
331147751_THE_IMPACT_OF_TRAINING_AND_DEVELOPMENT_ON_E
MPLOYEES'_PERFORMANCE_AN_ANALYSIS_OF_QUANTITATIVE_D
ATA

https://ivypanda.com/essays/training-development-term-paper/

https://www.trainingcheck.com/help-centre-2/guide-to-training-evaluation/
references-and-resources/

https://assignmentpoint.com/term-paper-employees-training-development/

https://www.trainingcheck.com/help-centre-2/guide-to-training-evaluation/
references-and-resources/