International Journal of Technology and Emerging Sciences (IJTES)

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Volume 02 || Issue 01 || Jan 2022 || pp. 26-31 E-ISSN: 2583-1925

Development and Use of Eco Plaster

Vivek M. Shete 1
1
Structural engineer at beri architects & engineers pvt ltd. kolhapur

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Abstract - Eco Plaster is made up from the Gypsum, Cow beneficial to users by protecting them from harmful rays. The
Dung Ash and Gaur Gum powder and river bed clay in a basic requirements for applying plaster to a wall are minimal,
specific proportion in order to maintain the temperature of the without overusing water as in the other case. The cost-
building and protect it from the harmful radiations. In this effectiveness of dung gypsum, which is much cheaper than
plaster gypsum and cow dung ash are the key elements whereas cement gypsum, is the reason for its success. Looking at global
the Gaur gum powder is the binding agent. Today the cement issues such as global warming, food security concerns,
and sand are getting extinguished which is the main element in unemployment, population, the only option left is to seek
the conventional plaster. Gypsum is easily available and is sustainable natural resources. Research [1] reports the use of
comparatively economical. The Cow dung ash is scientifically cow dung ash (CDA), alumina and lime as a complete
proven to be very effective and has medical benefits. It is also replacement for cement in concrete. Usually Cow Dung Ash
considered to be holy and is easily available. These ingredients (CDA) requires more moisture. So only 10% to 20% were
are used in preparing the Eco plaster. Due to global warming replaced. Alumina should reduce the setting time of concrete. So
the temperature on the earth’s crust is increasing day by day. It it contributes 30%. Lime powder contributes 50% to replace
is to days need to maintain the temperature of the building and it cement. [2] Investigated the effect of chemical composition and
is not economically as well as environ mentally good to use the structure of guar gum derivatives on the water retention capacity
air conditioners everywhere all the time. Hence application or (WR) and rheological behavior of fresh state cement-based
use of this e co plaster will be more effective in maintaining the mortar. The study was also done by adsorption isotherms. For
temperature of the building. This plaster can be applied on the this purpose, virgin guar gum, three hydroxypropyl guar gums
walls as well as on the ground and can be painted or deco rated (HPGs) and two hydro-phobically modified HPGs were selected.
as the other conventional plasters in order to have the elegance The work [3] presents the result on the study for the use of Cow
of the building. Dung Ash (CDA) as partial replacement in production of
concrete. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the
Key Words: Plaster, Cement, Gypsum, Clay effect of adding different weight percentages (10%, 20% and
30%) of cement with cow dung ash (CDA) and curing for 7, 14,
1. INTRODUCTION 21 and 28 days. Test for compressive strength.

Plaster is a building material used for the protective or 1.1 TYPE OF PLASTER
decorative coating of walls and ceilings and for molding and
casting decorative elements. It usually refers to a material used 1.1.1 CONVENTIONAL PLASTER
for the interior of a building, but it is also commonly used for
exterior applications. We also know that humans can live
a) Cement:-
comfortably in temperatures of 20-25°C, but in India, especially
Cement is a binder, a substance used in construction that sets,
in the north, we have 8+ months of summer and the remaining 4
hardens, and adheres to other materials to bind them together.
months of winter. But unfortunately, all our building materials
Cement is rarely used alone, but binds sand and aggregate
now like steel, cement, stone powder and pucca bricks are good
together. Cement is mixed with fine aggregate to make masonry
conductors of heat, causing our buildings to absorb heat in
mortar, or with sand and gravel to make concrete. Cement is the
summer and release it at night, which is when we sleep, and vice
most widely used material in existence, second only to water as
versa in winter The same is true. Our buildings become heated
the earth's most consumed resource.
rooms in summer and icy caves in winter. Currently, we do not
use any insulation in our buildings. In order to fill this gap and
correct this error, we are introducing modern building materials
and technology of eco plaster which is a gypsum-based Cow
dung plaster with some minor additives. We all know that
gypsum and cow dung are cheaper and the best insulating
material and humans have been using it in houses at no time.
Gypsum has been used in pyramids and ancient churches for
thousands of years. We use cow dung as compost and as fuel in
the kitchen. The radiation shielding feature makes it even more

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 places, sand contains silt or mud which obstructs plastering and
the plaster quality is also affected. Since Ready plaster doesn’t
have sand or silt, the quality of plaster is not affected.

2. OBJECTIVES

➢ To prepare a plaster with less conventional material.

In conventional plaster, we use cement and sand as the base
ingredients availability of sand is lass. Now a day the other
Figure 1: Cement alternatives use is crushed sand which is powder stone. But as
there is lack of available sand, here in Eco-plaster, sand is
avoided. Hence it is tried to minimize the use of this natural
b) Sand:- resources. For this cow dung as his replacement of cement which
Sand is a granular material composed of finely divided rock and is easily available. The use of cow dung ash is done which is one
mineral particles. It is defined by size, being finer than gravel of the waste material. Along with guar gum powder, chickan clay
and coarser than silt. Sand from rivers is collected from the river and gypsum is used. This all content which is used in Eco-plaster
itself or its floodplain and makes up the majority of sand used in is easily available.
the construction industry.
➢ To find a replacement to conventional plaster with more
benefits
Now a day the temperature is increase globally and the concrete
structures are cold in winter and hot in summer and hence it is
tried to avoid in Eco-plaster. Eco-plaster acts as a coating
material too. Hence here we can avoid coating to the wall. Eco-
plaster gives smooth surface to the wall. Many harmful radiations
like UV rays are trying to reach up to earth surface and cause
dangerous diseases. Hence by using cow dung ash, the plaster is
tried to make a coat that act as an anti-radiation material
➢ To prepare more environment friendly plaster
The convention plaster contains cement. The process of
Figure 2: Sand manufacturing cement produces large amount. And it produces
large amount of carbon dioxide which called thermal pollution.
There is scarcity of water in many areas where curing is difficult
1.1.2 READY MIX PLASTER and the water used for curing is cannot reused. But the Eco-
plaster does not need the curing that will save water. Hence the
It is a ready-mixed cement plaster containing high-quality Eco-plaster is Ecofriendly plaster
polymer additives, well-graded sand, and fillers for manual
plastering applications. Can be used for interior and exterior wall 3. ECO–PLASTER
plastering. It can be used for interior and exterior wall plastering.
As we are all aware of current environmental issues and problem
raised with them, the entire human race is supposed to put
efforts and ideas in order to overcome these life threatening
issues. As Civil Engineer field being India’s biggest work sector
it is our responsibility to lead the process. As construction
industry is a major natural resource consuming industry it has its
greater impact on environment. This impact depends directly
upon materials consumed so if we reduce the use or
consumption of natural resources it will help to reduce these
environmental problems. Also the global warming is one of the
major concern nowadays, it require more energy in order keep
the surrounding cool. Due to this problem the numbers of user of
air conditioner have considerably increased. These not only
increase demand of energy but also they are quite expensive to
Figure 3: Ready Mix Plaster
have and operate. So it is need of today to find materials which
will effective in both environmental aspect and in case of cost
1.2 BENEFITS also. Plastering is one of the major construction activities also it
consumes great amount of natural resources. Conventional
It is a smooth plaster that does not need frequent watering/ Plaster is mainly made of sand cement. Sand is now available in
saturation. It is a time saving and least rebound, light colored artificial form called as crushed sand but still it is made by
plaster. It gives walls with even quality. Normally at some crushing stones in crushers which are generally obtain by mining

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which is another reason of environmental loss. And as we all
know the cement production industry is major cause of thermal
pollution. And the conventional plaster requires quarrying which
means use of amount of water until the plaster is set. This all
things make the conventional plaster less environmental
friendly. Considering all these problems we have come up with
an idea of Eco Plaster which can be best replacement for all
types of plaster available nowadays. The plaster mainly
highlights the problem of natural material consumption, thermal
insulation, and cost. The plaster uses abundantly available
natural resources and some byproducts which generally thrown
as waste. Also the plaster requires no curing, it uses very little
amount of water as compare to conventional plaster. Due to
materials used in plaster these plaster do not require any kind of Figure 5: Cow Dung Ash
surface dressing before painting. This reduces the consumption
money and materials. The plaster is already mixed at proportion 3.3 GYPSUM
so there is no need of any other material while applying. After
adding definite amount water it can directly be applied on walls
and other surfaces also. It do not requires skilled mason, this Gypsum is a rock-like mineral commonly found in the Earth's
save the time required for construction leading to more effective crust that has been extracted, processed and used d since 9000
completion of any project. BC, humans have built or decorated in the form of plaster and
alabaster. Plaster was found in underground wall paintings of
Catal-Huyuk in Asia, while in Israel, the discovery of gypsum
3.1 GUAR GUM POWDER floors began in 7000 BC. In the time of the pharaohs, gypsum
was used as mortar Construction of the Pyramid of Khufu (3000
Guar gum, also known as guar, is a galactomannan BC). During the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, Decorations
polysaccharide derived from guar beans with thickening and and artistic creations are made of plaster. Since then, the range of
stabilizing properties that can be used in food, feed, and construction-related uses has continued to expand.
industrial applications. Guar seeds are mechanically de-husked,
hydrated, ground and screened according to application. It is
usually produced as a free-flowing off-white powder.

Figure 6: Gypsum

3.4 CLAY

Figure 4: Guar Gum Powder Clay, the main component of loam, is one of the oldest building
materials on earth, along with other ancient natural geological
3.2 COW DUNG ASH materials such as stone and organic materials such as wood.

Cow dung native to India is used to produce ash. The milk yield Clay is a fine-grained natural rock or soil material that combines
one or more clay minerals with possibly trace amounts of quartz
of this breed is the highest among all breeds in India. It has been
(SiO2), metal oxides (Al2O3, MgO, etc.) and organic matter.
widely used to make hybrids in other countries such as India and
Clays are migrated from their original location by water erosion
Brazil. Ancient scriptures state that the "suryaketu" nerves on and deposited in new sedimentary deposits. One-half to two-
the cow's back absorb harmful radiation and purify the thirds of the world's population, whether in traditional societies or
atmosphere. The existence of cows is a huge contribution to the developed countries, still live or work in buildings made of clay,
environment. India has about 300 million head of cattle. Using often baked into bricks as their The load-bearing important part
their manure to produce biogas, we save 600,000 tons of of the structure. It is also a major component of many building
firewood every year. This will prevent deforestation to some techniques
extent. Using cow dung to make African deserts fertile. We can
reduce the acid content in water by treating it with cow dung.
Hence we can say that cow dung has an important role in
preserving the environment.

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 terms of strength and other engineering properties. The method
used for mixing of materials is weight batching.

Mixing of material to prepare Eco Plaster

Figure 7: Clay

4. MODELLING AND CALCULATIONS

4.1 ECO PLASTER CALCULTIONS

Eco-plaster contains:
Gypsum plaster 75%, Cow dung ash 10%, Guar gum powder
4%, Chikan Clay 11%, Volume = 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.012 = 0.003
cu.m. Wet volume = 0.003cu.m. Adding 30% to fill the joints.
Volume = 1.3 x 0.003 Volume = 0.0039cu.m. Increase 50% for
dry volume = 0.0039 x 1.5 =0.00585 cu.m. (Dry volume).
The total material required is 3.5kg.
Figure 8: Mixing of materials

4.2 ECO PLASTER PREPARATION 4.3 VARIOUS PROPORTION OF ECO PLASTER

The plaster is a mix of various ingredients mixed at various Table -1: Sample Table format
proportions by weight. Based on the different properties of the
raw material the proportion of raw materials varied. The plaster Sr. No. Gypsum Gaur Cow Ash Clay
contains following materials (%) Gum Dung (%)
• Gypsum
• Gaur Gum powder Powder (%)
• Cow Dung Ash (%)
• Clay
The plaster is gypsum based plaster so the major percentage in 1 75 5 10 10
plaster is of gypsum. The gaur gum powder added gives the 2 65 10 10 15
adhesive properties to plaster and also it partially make the 3 60 2 15 23
plaster slightly water repellant. The cow dung is proved to be a 4 75 5 15 10
better heat insulator also it imparts color to the pl aster. Hence 5 70 7.5 12.5 10
the use of cow dung ash in the plaster makes the plaster a heat 6 70 2 5 23
insulating material. The clay added is as partially filler material 7 80 2 5 13
and also it tends to offer some strength to the plaster. The cow 8 75 4 10 11
dung ash tends to make plaster a brittle material as it swells after
adding water so in order to re duce the percentage of cow dung
ash the clay is introduced in the plaster. The plaster was made
4.3 APPLICATION OF THE SAMPLE PLASTERS
firstly for a single proportion then after results obtained from OVER SURFACE
this plaster the proportion of materials were varies. The
observations were made on site, by checking workability,
reaction to water, and its physical appearance. Based on these
observations the effect of proportion of materials was analyzed.
And after these analyses the proportion of materials were varied.
The proportion was varied until the best desired results were not
obtained till that proportion was varied. The slight change in
proportion of material has its influence on result so all the
prepared samples were applied over a surface and all of them
were tested. The results were compared with conventional Figure 9: Eco Plaster Application
plaster, Ready plaster & Vedic plaster. The comparison was in

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5. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Table -3: Rate analysis

5.1 STRENGTH OF ECO PLASTER S. Content Rate Proport Quantity Cost

No. Rate (Per ion (For 1kg)
Determine the compression strength using nondestructive
(Per Kg) Kg)
method:
1 Gypsum 20/- 75% 0.75 15
When testing, a smooth, clean, dry surface should be selected. If
Powder
there is loosely adhering scale, it should be removed with an
abrasive wheel or stone. Rough surfaces caused by incomplete 2 Guar 100/- 4% 0.04 4
compaction, grout runoff, flaking or machined surfaces will not Gum
produce reliable results and should be avoided. The point of Powder
impact should be at least 20mm from any edge or shape 3 Cow 20/- 10% 0.10 2
discontinuity. When taking measurements, the hammer should Dung Ash
be at right angles to the surface of the concrete member. 4 Chikan 20/- 11% 0.11 2.2
Therefore, the test can be performed horizontally on a vertical Clay
surface, or vertically up or down on a horizontal surface. The
rebound hammer can also be held at an intermediate angle if the 6. CONCLUSIONS
situation requires it, but the number of rebounds for the same
concrete will vary in each case. The rebound hammer test is The comparative study between Eco plaster and other plaster
performed around all observation points on all accessible based on different properties, has concluded that the eco plaster
surfaces of the structural element. Before taking any is the best replacement for conventional plaster. Due to use of its
measurements, thoroughly clean the concrete surface. Around component elements the eco plaster dominates other plaster
each point of observation, six readings of rebound indices are currently available in market. The first purpose to prepare this
taken and average of these readings after deleting outliers as per plaster was to reduce the impact of any civil project over
IS: 8900-1978 becomes the rebound index for the point of environment, and by the results obtained the plaster has served
observation. the purpose. As a replacement to sand (riverbed sand) in
conventional plaster currently artificial sand is also available in
market but it is also obtained by crushing stones, which are
gained by mining. And on other hand cement is still used for
preparation of this plaster. And we all know that the production
process of cement is major factor for the thermal pollution,
which leads to problem of global warming. So in no manner it is
replacement to conventional plaster. The plaster is gypsum
based plaster; hence it requires no caring after application on the
surfaces. Whereas the conventional plaster requires curing,
though it is less than concrete but still it requires curing. Taking
in consideration the area to be cared, the amount of water
required is very great and method used for caring in India
produce great amount of waste water which is completely zero
in the case of eco plaster. Also due use of gypsum the plaster do
Figure 10: Tool Used
not require any surface dressing like wall putting before paint,
the paint can be directly applied over the plaster, which can be a
Table -2: Strength Result
great factor in case of low cost housing project. The gaur gum
powder used, is act as cementing material in plaster. It bonds all
Sr. No. Strength at Strength at Strength at components together. Also it offers partially water repellent
7th 14th 21th property to plaster. Also it stops the washing-out of gypsum by
day day day water when exposed to any water. The gaur gum enhances the
overall bonding strength plaster. The C.D.A. has the property of
1 0 0 0 heat insulation. Hence, it is used in plaster to make it heat
2 0 0 0 insulator. Because this property, the plaster stop the heat
exchange between atmosphere and building from being heat
3 3 3 6
chamber in summer and from being an ice box in winter. It
4 0 2 2
maintains its inside temperature and heat exchange is paused by
5 2 2 2
the plaster. Also the C.D.A. partially offers a color to plaster.
6 3 6 7
The clay used is, for balancing the definite proportion of
7 5 6 7 materials, it helps not to exceed the definite amount of
8 7 10 12 constituent materials. Also it partially offers some strength to
plaster. The overuse of any material hampers the properties of
5.2 RATE ANALYSIS plaster. All materials have criteria for their use in plaster so to

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overcome this criterion clay is used. Due to less use of natural
resources and use of certain material that are abundantly present
either naturally or as waste material makes the plaster more
environmental friendly. The plaster requires no caring and also
surface dressing is not required before paint job, it helps to
reduce cost of the project. Also due to very less use of water it
helps to reduce environmental discharge of water. Due to the
heat insulating properties there is no need of insulation of any air
conditioning apparatus in building, which lower the use of
electricity helping in reducing the carbon footprint of building.
Keeping environmental aspect and future need and scope in
mind the eco plaster may prove best overall other plaster.

REFERENCES

[1] S. Sathish Kumar, Dr. A. Anbuchezian, An experimental

study of fully replacement of cow dung ash (CDA), alumina and
lime for cement, International Research Journal of Engineering
and Technology (IRJET), Volume: 05 Issue: 05 | May-2018
[2] Alexandre Govin, Marie-Claude Bartholin, Barbara Biasotti,
Max Giudici, Valentina Langella, Philippe Grosseau,
Modification of water retention and rheological properties of
fresh state cement-based mortars by guar gum derivatives,
Construction and Building Materials,
Volume 122, 2016, Pages 772-780,
[3] O. Y. Ojedokun, A. A. Adeniran, S. B. Raheem and S.
J.Aderinto, Cow Dung Ash (CDA) as partial replacement of
cementing material in the production of concrete, The
Polytechnic, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
[4] Standard EN, Methods of testing cement Part 1:
Determination of strength.
[5] H. Paiva, L.M. Silva, J.A. Labrincha, V.M. Ferreira, Effects
of a water-retaining agent on the rheological behaviour of a
single-coat render mortar.
[6] K.H. Khayat, Viscosity-enhancing admixtures for cement-
based materials.
[7] C.Venkata Subramanian, D. Muthu. Experimental Studies on
Effect of Cow Dung Ash ( Pozzolanic binder) on strength
properties of concrete.
[8] G. Siva Kumar and K. Amutha (Department of Physics,
Annamalai University), Studies on Silica obtain from Cow Dung
Ash.

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