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3D Shapes

The document discusses 3D shapes. It defines 3D shapes as objects that have three dimensions - length, width, and height. 3D shapes can be polyhedrons with straight edges or curved solids. Common polyhedrons include cubes, cuboids, and pyramids, which are made by combining 2D shapes. Curved solids like spheres and cylinders have curved surfaces. The surface area and volume of 3D shapes are also explained. Examples of 3D shapes and their properties such as faces, edges, and vertices are provided.

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488 views7 pages

3D Shapes

The document discusses 3D shapes. It defines 3D shapes as objects that have three dimensions - length, width, and height. 3D shapes can be polyhedrons with straight edges or curved solids. Common polyhedrons include cubes, cuboids, and pyramids, which are made by combining 2D shapes. Curved solids like spheres and cylinders have curved surfaces. The surface area and volume of 3D shapes are also explained. Examples of 3D shapes and their properties such as faces, edges, and vertices are provided.

Uploaded by

lisa kahler
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3D Shapes

We come across a number of objects of different shapes and sizes in our day-to-
day life. There are golf balls, doormats, ice-cream cones, coke cans, and so on.
These objects have different characteristic properties such as length, breadth,
diameter, etc. which set them apart from one another. But no matter how different
their dimensions are, all of them occupy space and have three dimensions. So they
are referred to as three-dimensional or solid shapes. In this article, we will discuss
the various 3D shapes, surface area and volumes, and the process of making 3D
shapes using nets with the help of 2D Shapes.

What are 3D Shapes?


In Geometry, 3D shapes are known as three-dimensional shapes or solids. 3D
shapes have three different measures such as length, width, and height as its
dimensions. The only difference between 2D shape and 3D shapes is that 2D
shapes do not have a thickness or depth. Usually, 3D shapes are obtained from the
rotation of the 2D shapes. The faces of the solid shapes are the 2D shapes. Some
examples of the 3D shapes are a cube, cuboid, cone, cylinder, sphere, prism and so
on. The 3D shapes consist of both curved shaped solid and the straight-sided
polygon called the polyhedron. The polyhedrons are also called the polyhedra,
which are based on the 2D shapes with straight sides. Now, let us discuss the
details about the polyhedrons and curved solids.

Polyhedrons
As discussed earlier, polyhedra are straight-sided solids, which has the following
properties:

 Polyhedrons should have straight edges.


 It should have flat sides, called the faces
 It must have the corners, called vertices
Like polygons in two-dimensional shapes, polyhedrons are also classified into
regular and irregular polyhedrons and convex and concave polyhedrons. The most
common examples of polyhedra are cube, cuboid, pyramid, prism. Some other
examples of regular polyhedron are tetrahedron, octahedron, dodecahedron,
icosahedron, and so on. These regular polyhedrons are also known as the platonic
solids, whose faces are identical to each face.
For example, the most commonly used example of a polyhedron is a cube, which
has 6 faces, 8 vertices, and 12 edges.
Curved Solids
Apart from polyhedrons, there are 3D shapes with curved shapes such as the
sphere, cone, cylinder, etc. For example, cones have a circular base that narrows
smoothly from the circular base to the point called the apex. All these shapes have
curved faces, and hence they are called curved solids.

Surface Area and Volume of 3D shapes


The two different measures used for measuring the 3D shapes are:
 Surface Area
 Volume
Surface Area is defined as the total area of the surface of the two-dimensional
object. The surface area is measured in terms of square units, and it is denoted as
“SA”. The surface area can be classified into three different types.  They are:
 Curved Surface Area (CSA) – Area of all the curved regions
 Lateral Surface Area (LSA) – Area of all the curved regions and all the flat
surfaces excluding base areas
 Total Surface Area (TSA) – Area of all the surfaces including the base of a
3D object
Volume is defined as the total space occupied by the three-dimensional shape or
solid. It is measured in terms of cubic units and it is denoted by “V”.

Properties of 3D shapes
Based on the three important properties, different solid shapes are classified. The
three important properties that differentiate the 3D shapes are given below:

 Faces – A face is a curve or flat surface on the 3D shapes.


 Edges – An edge is a line segment between the faces.
 Vertices – A vertex is a point where the two edges meet.
Cube
A cube is defined as a three-dimensional square with 6 equal sides. All the faces of
the cube have equal dimension. It has
Faces – 6
Edges – 12
Vertices – 8
Take a cheese cube box and cut it out along the edges to make the net for a cube.
Cone
A cone is a solid object that has a circular base and has a single vertex. It is a
geometrical shape that tapers smoothly from the circular flat base to a point called
the apex. It has
Faces – 2
Edges – 1
Vertices – 1
Take a birthday cap which is conical. When you cut a slit along its slant surface,
you get a net for cone.
Cylinder
A cylinder is a solid geometrical figure, that has two parallel circular bases
connected by a curved surface. It has
Faces – 3
Edges – 2
Vertices – 0
When you cut along the curved surface of any cylindrical jar, you get a net for the
cylinder. The net consists of two circles for the base and the top and a rectangle for
the curved surface.
Pyramid
A pyramid, also known as a polyhedron. A pyramid can be any polygon, such as a
square, triangle and so on. It has three or more triangular faces that connect at a
common point is called the apex. For the square-based pyramid, it has
Faces – 5
Edges – 8
Vertices – 5
The net for a pyramid with a square base consists of a square with triangles along
its four edges.
Frequently Asked Questions on 3D Shapes

What is meant by 3D shape in Maths?


In Maths, three-dimensional shapes (3D shapes) are also called the solids, which
have three-dimensions namely length, width and height. 3D shapes can include
both polyhedrons and curved solids.

What is the difference between 2D and 3D shapes?


Two-dimensional shapes are called flat shapes, which have only two dimensions
called length and width, whereas 3D shapes are called solids, which has three-
dimensions namely length, width, and height.

Mention the properties of the 3D shape.


The three important properties of 3d shapes are faces, edges, and vertices. The face
is called the flat surface of the solid, the edge is called the line segment where two
faces meet, and the vertex is the point where two edges meet.

What is the 3D shape of a square?


The three-dimensional form of the square is called a cube, which has 6 faces, 8
vertices, and 12 edges.

Write down the examples of 3D shapes?


Some of the examples of 3D shapes are cube, cuboid, cone, cylinder, sphere,
pyramid, prism, and so on.

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