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TLE – HE-DRESSMAKING
Quarter 1 – Module 1:

PLAN GARMENT DESIGN

 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the
nature of Plan Garment Design. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different
learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The
lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you
read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module covers Lesson 1 – Plan Garment Design

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Plan, design and sew sleeping garments;
2. Recognize the finishing touches on sleeping garments and pack the finished garments
attractively; and
3. Apply the principles and elements of design.

What I Know

Directions: Read the statements carefully. Choose the letter that best describes the statement. Write the
letter of the correct answer your notebook.

1. The principles of design which can be achieved by creating a center of interest in the garment.
a. Proportion b. Emphasis c. Balance d. Hue

2. The relationship in size between various parts and the whole.

a. Proportion b. Value c. Emphasis d. Harmony

3. Which of the following is the arrangement of design on a space resulting to sense of equilibrium?
a. Line b. Balance c. Color d. Harmony
4. Which of the following is the repetition of an accent to create an interesting design?
a. Emphasis b. Proportion c. Balance d. Rhythm

5. Which of the following is the pleasing and congruent arrangements of parts?

a. Line b. Color c. Harmony d. Balance
6. The elements of design that creates a visual dimension of length and width.
a. Color b. Line c. Hue d. Value
7. The basic colors where different colors originated.
a. Tertiary Color b. Primary Color c. Secondary Color d. Intermediate Color

8. These are the colors formed by mixing the primary color.

a. Secondary Color b. Primary Color c. Tertiary Color d. Intermediate Color

9. The lightness and darkness of color.

a. Color b. Intensity c. Hue d. Value
10. Which of the following is the area inside an enclosed shape?
a. Texture b. Value c. Space d. Form

11. Which color scheme is one color harmony?

a. Adjacent Color
b. Monochrome
c. Single Split Complementary Color
d. Complementary Color

12. Which color scheme uses colors that neighbor each other on the color wheel? a. Adjacent Color
b. Monochrome
c. Single Split
d. Complementary Color

13. Which color makes us feel bold and daring?

a. Red b. blue c. Green d. White

14. This is the color of royalty, but it can also symbolize suffering.
a. Green b. Black c. Purple d. Orange

15. Which color represents truth, loyalty, calmness and wisdom?

a. Yellow b. Blue c. Red d. White

Lesson

1 PLAN GARMENT DESIGN

A person’s clothing style can say a lot about them. In other words, how you dress and what you wear
says a lot about your personality. The process of making a garment is an orderly and creative profession.
It takes a variety of materials and involvement of many steps. Good outfit should have proportion, balance,
harmony, emphasis and rhythm to express art principles.

The design of the garment has a big impact to wearers comfort to avoid hindering mobility.
Appropriate design features enhance physiological comfort by reducing the build of heat and moisture
around the skin.

PRINCIPLES AND ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

Why is there a need to know the principles and elements of design? How?
 What is It

Designs in our clothes add interest and beauty. Design in fabric refers to a pattern or figure
that is printed on it. The personality of the wearer shows the kind of image she projects. Personalities
differ depending on the kind of clothing people wear. Most introvert persons prefer clothes of simple
yet classical cut with pastel or light colors. Extroverts, on the other hand are creative, artistic,
expressive and energetic. Hence, they prefer clothing that is comfortable, attractive and fashionable.
They can wear all kinds of clothing of varied style, colors and design with confidence.

No matter who and what we are, we must be well-groomed every day to be attractive and to
project a pleasing personality. Designs in our clothes add interest and beauty. Design in fabric refers
to a pattern or figure that is printed on it.

There are two basic ways which design is applied:

a. design by printing; and

b. design by weaving

Design by Printing is the use of dye or ink on the surface of the fabric. They are
called “prints”. They are often attractive because variety of colors can be
combined.
When designs are printed all over the fabric, it is called “all-over print”

Designs by Weaving are permanent because of the “color-fast dyes” as the fabric is woven. They
maybe in solid or in combination colors woven to form special designs. Designs such as stripes use
more colors of yarn and will always be straight because they form “grain line” on the fabric. When
horizontal lines cross vertical lines to form rectangles or square, it is called plaid. When the design
is formed by mixing certain colors of nappy yarns to have speckled effects, it is called ‘’tweeds’’

a. dress with plaid design b. dress with tweed design

Designs by Weaving are permanent because of the “color-fast dyes” as the fabric is woven. They maybe
in solid or in combination colors woven to form special designs. Designs such as stripes use more colors
of yarn and will always be straight because they form “grain line” on the fabric. When horizontal lines
cross vertical lines to form rectangles or square, it is called plaid. When the design is formed by mixing
certain colors of nappy yarns to have speckled effects, it is called ‘’tweeds’’
To understand better how to consider designs and colors in buying fabrics let us review the following
principles and elements of design.
Principles of Design

Proportion is the relationship in size between

various parts and the whole. Fashion designing is a
creative expression. Exact mathematical proportions
are not required as long as what you design is visually
pleasing and in accordance with the size, shape and
height of the bearer.

According to the some artists, normal humans are usually 7-8 times the height of their heads,
meaning you can use the height of the head as a unit of measurement to give the “lay lines” for the parts
of your body. Example for adult figure above labeled for 7.5 heads tall. Try to measure the proportion of
your body.
Balance is the arrangement of a design on a space resulting to sense of equilibrium. It is the equal
distribution of weight from a central point or area. There are three kinds of visual balance. They are the
formal or symmetrical balance, informal or asymmetrical balance and radial balance.

Formal or symmetrical balance is

the equal visual weight of each side of an
imaginary central vertical line. It is
achieved when each half of an object is
exactly like the other. A jacket with two
breast pockets and two hip pockets is
formally Formal or symmetrical
balance

Informal or asymmetrical balance is when the design is balanced, but each side is different in some way.
It is achieved when the two halves of a whole are different, but seem to be equal in weight or emphasis. For
example, a jacket with a breast pocket on one side can be balanced by a pocket on the hip of the opposite
side.

Informal or asymmetrical balance

Radial balance is achieved when all parts of the
design are at equal distance from a central point.
A man wearing a sun design on the front of his
shirt may have this king of design.
Radial balance

Emphasis is achieved by the designer’s ability to

create a center of interest by which the viewer’s
eyes are directed to a specific area of a garment or
body part.

Emphasis
Rhythm is the repetition of an accent to create
an interesting design. Repeating an accent on
different parts of the dress or one part of the
dress will achieve a design that is harmonious
and visually united.

Rhythm
Harmony is the pleasing and congruent
arrangement of parts. It is the blending of all
components of design. When the structural resuIts

Elements of Design Harmony

Line creates a visual dimension of length and width. When lines meet, space is enclosed and a shape is
defined. Lines direct the eyes to a certain path of vision, or it can draw the eyes away from an undesirable
area of the body. It defines a shape or silhouette and conveys a mood of character. There are two kinds of
lines in garments.
A. The Directional line such as vertical,
horizontal, diagonal, checkered, broken
and curved. These affect the height and
size of an individual. Lines are serving as
clothing designs like the art of printing
flowers, dots and others on fabric.
A. verticaI B. horizontal C. diagonal

A. Checkered B. with curve neckline

Structural lines are found on
necklines, armholes, hemlines, darts,
side seams, sleeves, collars, tucks and
pleats of garments.

a. with bateau neckline b. with plunging c. with cape collar neckline

d. skirt with pleats

Color is a radiant energy loosely termed light that produces sensation in our eyes. The color of the
dress easily attracts the client’s attention and becomes her basis in choosing her apparel. It is the
most powerful element.

The Color Wheel

A color circle, based on red, yellow and blue, is traditional in the field of art. Sir Isaac Newton
developed the first circular diagram of colors in 1666. Since then, scientists and artists have studied and
designed numerous variations of this concept. Differences of opinion about the validity of one format over
another continue to provoke debate. In reality, any color circle or color wheel which presents a logically
arranged sequence of pure hues has merit.

Hue is the other name for color. It is the particular shade of color that differentiates one from another.

Primary colors are red, blue and yellow. They are the basic colors where different colors originated.
Secondary Colors: Green, orange and violet. These are the colors
formed by mixing the primary colors

Intermediate Colors stem from the combination of primary and

secondary colors

Tertiary colors are made by mixing either one primary color with
one secondary color, or two secondary colors. Tertiary colors are a
combination of full saturation of one primary color plus half
saturation of another primary color and none of a third primary
color. They have specific names, one set of names for the RGB color
wheel and a different set of names and colors for the RYB color
wheel.

a. Primary, secondary, and tertiary b. A traditional RYB color wheel.

colors of the commonly RGB Violet is called purple
color wheel
Monochrome or one color harmony includes only one color of
different value. and intensity. An example of a monochrome color
scheme could include any color mixed with white, gray, or black.

Adjacent colors (also called analogous colors) uses colors that

neighbor each other on the color wheel. An example is a color
scheme that includes various values and intensities of reds and
oranges

Colors opposite each other on the color wheel are called complementary colors for example, violet and
yellow, red and green, and blue and orange.

A single split complementary uses a primary color plus colors on either side of its complement. An
example is a color scheme that includes various values and intensities of greens, violet-reds and red-
oranges.

A double split complementary (also called tetradic) uses two pairs of complements, one apart on the color
wheel. An example is red, green, orange, and blue.

A triad uses colors at the points of an equilateral triangle (three colors spaced equally on the color wheel).
These are sometimes called balanced colors. An example of a triadic scheme could be red, blue, and yellow;
green, orange, and purple, etc.

Psychological Effects of Colors on People

Colors bring life to us. Our looks and feelings are sometimes mirrored by our selection of colors.
When we choose colors, it reveals our personality. They make us feel and look happy or pretty and
sometimes make us look sad or ugly. Which of the colors below signifies the real you? Which one is your
favorite?

Psychology Colors in Marketing

White -makes us feel clean and fresh. White connotes innocence and purity.

Red -makes us feel bold and daring. Red connotes passion and bravery.
Yellow- makes us feel joyful. It also connotes cowardice and treachery.

Blue- represents truth, loyalty, calmness and wisdom. Deep blue could also make us feel depressed.

Green - suggests life and abundance as this is the color of plants, green could also suggest
jealousy.

Purple- is the color of royalty, but it can also symbolize suffering.

Orange- is a warm color that suggests deliciousness and ripeness. Eateries, especially fast food joints use
orange with a touch of green to stimulate appetite.

Black- suggests strength and dignity and is usually worn for formal evening
affairs. Black also symbolizes mourning and death.
 3. Space -is the area inside an enclosed shape. The use
of space can lead to an interesting design. But the
overuse of a space could make the design confusing while
an empty space could be unattractive and boring.

Form or shape refers to the form of a person showing the

curves of the body. This includes the shape of the face,
neckline and the full body or figure.
Form – is a volume space enclosed a surface.

Shape – is simply a flat space enclosed by a line.

a. bell or hourglass b. straight or tubular c. inverted triangle

Texture is the surface quality of an object, rough, smooth, silky, etc.

a. soft dress b. stiff dress

What I Can Do

Design your garment

Be a fashion designer and sketch your own birthday outfit. Explain briefly what elements and
principles of design you applied in your work. Do your sketch in your activity sheet/notebook guided on
below criteria.
 Scorecard Points Score
A. Appearance
*Neatness
*Design are appropriate for sleeping garments 20%
*Attractive
B. Workmanship
*Apply the principles and elements of design 40%
*Explain it correctly
C. Use
*Sleeping garments design use in actual cutting and sewing. 20%

D. Enthusiasm
*Enjoys doing the output 20%
*Finished the output on time
TOTAL 100%

Assessment
Identification
A. Directions: Identify the word(s) that best describes the following statements. Write your answer in
your quiz notebook.
_________1. The kind of design that creates a center of interest
_________2. The repetition of accent that creates an interesting design
_________3. An element of design which easily attracts the attention of the client and becomes the basis in
choosing her apparel
_________4. It refers to the lightness and darkness of a color.
_________5. It is the other name for color.
_________6. They are the basic colors.
_________7. The combination of primary and secondary colors
_________8. The color which suggests strength and dignity and symbolizes mourning and death.
_________9. A warm color that suggests deliciousness and ripeness
_________10. A color which makes us feel bold and daring. It connotes passion and bravery.
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9
TLE-H.E.-DRESSMAKING
Quarter 1 – Module 2:

FABRIC
 What I Need to Know

This DRESSMAKING course leads to National Certificate Level II. This is designed for Grade 9
student to develop competencies: plans, designs and sews sleeping garments and children’s wear. It
discusses and explains the tools, materials and equipment used in the making of desired products. It also
demonstrates different techniques and processes which will guide the learner in developing the skills and
knowledge to work effectively and efficiently.
The module covers Lesson 1: Fabric

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the different types of fabric;

2. discuss the characteristics of each type of fabric; and
3. use appropriate fabric for a certain project.

What I Know

Multiple Choices
Direction: Read the statements carefully. Choose the letter that best describe the statement. Write your
answer in your quiz notebook

1. It is the cloth used in making garments.

a. sack b. Fabric c. glass d. shells

2. Which type of fabric does not stretch except on the bias cut?
a. Woven b. Knit c. Canvas d. Cotton

3. The type of fabric has loops of fiber that allow the fabric to stretch?
a. Woven b. Knit c. Canvas d. Cotton

4. The world most popular fabric it is cool to wear and easy to wash.
a. Woven b. Knit c. Canvas d. Cotton
5. This kind of cotton fabric is one of the most heavy-duty cottons use for jeans and jackets.
a. Cotton Chintz b. Denim c. Terrycloth d. Broadcloth

6. Which of this fabric is made of flax plant?

a. Linen b. Cotton c. Silk d. Wool

7. This fabric is made from cocoon.

a. Linen b. Cotton c. Silk d. Wool

8. A lightweight silk fabric that goes with the flow.

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 a. Chiffon b. Georgette c. Brocade d. Shantung

9. A lightweight silk and barely visible.

a. Chiffon b. Georgette c. Brocade d. Shantung

10. Which of the following is made from the sleets of sheep?

a. Linen b. Cotton c. Silk d. Wool

11. A twill-wave fabric, hand washable and do not wrinkle.

a. Gabardine b. Crepe c. Boiled d. Melton

12. A thick absorbent cotton use for robes, towels, beachwear and home decorating.
a. Seersucker b. Cotton Voile c. Terry cloth d. Cotton pique

13. This is thick and bulky wool fabric used for coats.
a. Seersucker b. Cotton Voile c. Melton d. Boiled

14. The strong and durable synthetic fabric, dries quickly with sharp pleat and crease retention.
a. Polyester b. Nylon c. Rayon d. Acrylic

15. A synthetic fabric with high bulking power.

a. Polyester b. Nylon c. Rayon d. Acrylic

Lesson

1 FABRIC
Deciding which type of fabric to make a garment is an important decision, as fabrics can have
countless qualities. Fabric is cloth made of fibers. Fibers are hair-like strands that are wound to
make yarn or thread used to make fabric. Fabric is the cloth or material used in making our clothes,
curtains, tablecloths, sheets and many other items.

This module will acquaint you to the different kinds of fabrics, its characteristics and properties.

Types of Fabrics
Woven fabric does not stretch except on the bias. Woven fabric is
made up of fibers which run straight at ninety degree angles to
each other.

Knit fabric has loops of fiber that allow the fabric to

stretch. The amount and the direction of stretches are all
variables. A knit may stretch in one direction or it may stretch in
both directions.
This is an important consideration when choosing fabric for a
specific pattern. For example, a bathing suit pattern will require
equal two way stretch. If you choose a fabric that only stretches in one direction, the suit is not going to
fit properly and you cannot even put it on.
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 KINDS OF FABRICS, THEIR USES, CHARACTERISTICS AND CARE
NATURAL FIBERS USES (HOME AND CHARACTERISTICS CARE
APPAREL)
Vegetable Fibers

A. Cotton Good for items that The world's most popular Special for durable press.
Comes from cotton need to be washed fabric. It is cool to wear and
plant. often like easy to wash and sew. It is Maybe machine
sheets and pillows, versatile, durable and laundered.
school clothes, and comfortable.
work clothes. Inexpensive but Avoid risk of mildew.
shrinks and wrinkles easily.

Kinds of Cotton Fabric

KINDS USES CHARACTERISTICS
Canvas
Used for crafts, home Tightly woven heavy-duty
decorating (curtains cushions cotton
and
outdoor gear)

Cotton Batiste
For elegant garments A finely woven
(blouses, baby dresses, and lightweight cotton
underlining) Use straight stitch/jeans
presser foot and 60/8 or 70/10
machine needle

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 Perfect for shirts. Fantastic, closely woven cotton
that has slight rib

Broadcloth

Home decorations Needs special fabric treatment

(curtains and that leaves it shiny and smooth.
cushion)

Cotton Chintz

Cotton pique
The most common Medium weight cotton fabric
fabric used in the tie and waistcoat of that has raised nubby surface
white tie.

Cotton shirting
Pajamas and boxers. Lightweight 100 percent cotton
that makes fantastic menswear
shirts.

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Cotton Voile Mostly used in soft furnishing such Crisp lightweight cotton
as curtains, mosquito nets, and also used for garments
dressmaking

Great for clothes, and jackets. One of the most heavyduty

cottons

Denim

Seer sucker clothing and

Used to make This falls into the category
for spring of cotton crinkles
summer wear which have surface
texture.

Terrycloth
Used for robes, towels, beachwear Thick, absorbent cotton
and home decorating

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 NATURAL FIBERS USES (HOME AND CHARACTERIS CARE
APPAREL) TICS
B. Linen Women’s and Very strong, cool to wear, Iron at high temperature.
Comes from flax plant. children’s dresses and usually more
and blouses expensive than cotton. Avoid pressing in sharp
Easily wrinkled unless a creases.
Summer dress special finish is applied.
Known as the oldest fiber Avoid risk of mildew
Table linens and and used by the
other household Egyptians
fabrics thousand of years
ago. It comes from
the stem of a very pretty
plant called flax.

Animal Fiber

A. Silk For high-end Strong and luxurious Dry cleaning is preferred.

Collected from cocoon of clothing and fabric with natural luster;
silk worm. accessories. Some moderately Maybe hand washed in
expensive resilient and resists mild suds.
upholstery and wrinkling
drapery fabrics Avoid over exposure to
More expensive than light.
manmade (filament) silky
yarns. Can be attacked by insects.

NATURAL FIBERS USES (HOME CHARACTERISTICS CARE

AND
APPAREL)
B. Wool
Collected from the sleets blankets and Springs back into Shape. Will shrink and felt in
of sheep upholstery Requires little pressing; presence of moisture
with great versatility in and heat and can be
fabric and with insulating attacked by insects.
capacity

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 Synthetic or USES (HOME AND CHARACTERISTICS CARE
Manmade APPAREL)
Fibers
a. Rayon
Light and medium – Soft, cheap and Hand washing to dry
weight comfortable fabric cleaning. Tends to shrink and
clothing absorbent; lacks stretch unless proper
resilience; wrinkles chemical finish is applied.
Drapery and easily.
Upholstery
fabrics Not easy to sew as plain
cottons.
Blankets, throw rugs
and table coverings
b. Polyester
Wash and wear Strong and durable Can be washable or dry clean.
clothing- often in synthetic fabric; dries Remove oily stains before
combination with quickly, with sharp washing.
other fibers, pleat and crease Needs little
especially cotton retention. ironing or pressing. Use
Curtains, carpets, steam iron at warm setting.
fiberfill, raincoats and
hats. It is ideal for
constructing strong
outerwear for damp
climates.

c. Nylon
Women’s stockings It was first developed as Remove oily stains before
were the a substitute for imported washing.
first commercial silk. With exceptional Washes easily; wash
use of nylon. strength, excellent with care to maintain
Also used for elasticity; retains shape. whiteness. Press at low
clothing, Woven fabrics feel temperatures
uncomfortable in
upholstery and
contact with skin. Dry clean only.
carpet, rope, tents
and fishing line.

Foundation, Stretch and recovery Frequent washing in mild

garments, rate is high suds;
Swimwear Avoid constant overstretch at
Damaged by oils and high temperature
light

With discoloration

d. Rubber

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 e. Spandex
Foundation garments; Stretch and recovery May be machine laundered
Swimwear rate is high with warm water
Surgical hose, Ski Dry on lowest
pants and other Resists abrasion and heat, shortest cycle.
Sportswear body oils
With discoloration

Tailored outerwear; Resists wrinkling Remove oily

knitted wear, pile High bulking power stains before washing.
fabrics, blankets and Wool-like texture Very Washable or dry cleanable.
carpets resistant to Medium iron temperature.
effects of sunlight

f. Acrylic

There are different types of fabric and each type has its own characteristics and uses. Fabric should be
properly chosen when making a project to ensure efficiency and to be able to come up with a good quality
product.

What I Can Do

Direction: Make an album and collect swatches of fabric (3x4 inches) and classify their type. Compile
them paste it on a bond paper.

Rubrics in making album of fabrics

Item 15 POINTS 10 POINTS 5 POINTS

Measurement Correct One incorrect Two incorrect
measurement of measurement. measurement
fabric
Fabric Complete and Lacking one and Lacking two and
Classification correct name of the label is not the label is not
fabric. correct correct
Appearance Neatness
Speed

TOTAL POINTS: ____________

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 Assessment
MATCHING TYPE

Direction: Match column A (Descriptions) with column B (Fabric). Choose the letter that best
describes the statement. Write the answer in your quiz notebook.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

______________1. It is made out of flax plants that give a. denim more stiffness and fewer
drapes.
______________2. It is made from the silkworm’s cocoon. b. Shantung
______________3. A fabric made from cellulose-based
cotton plants c. Canvas
______________4. A specially crisp and shiny silk for
d. Linen special occasions
______________5. Perfect for soft shaping in coats and e. Cotton jackets
______________Tightly woven heavy-duty cotton used for f. Georgette crafts and home decorations
g. Wool
______________7. A heavy duty cotton great for working
h. China Silk
clothes, jeans and jackets.
______________8. A textured silk with some stiffness. i. Gabardine
______________9.It is made from the coat of sheep, and is perfect for tailoring.
j. Boucle ______________
10. A twill weave fabric that works well on tailored and constructed garments
k. Brocade

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