look at the title of the text. Mfaubra/ (n) = an unreasonable fear of something What is arachnophobia? fear of insects? fear of spiders? ‘scream * run away * fear * common startle * play a part * rainforest tarantula ‘nutritious treat * deep-fried » reduce ‘pest controller * mosquito * cockroach * fly «moth © exposure therapy * confident ‘treatment © shake * sweat * scuttle + suffer from * eight-legged * at all costs * block | * plughole © craw/ * irrational * venom * harm Reading a) Check the words/phrases below in the Word List at the back of the book. Use them to fill in the sentences. ‘* creepy + arachnid * venom + harm * treatment «nutritious + suffer + sweat 1 A spider is a(n) not an insect. 2 Alot of people sel aig ATOM arachnophobia. They each time they see a spider. 3. Most spiders produce but only 1% can people. 4 Some people eat spiders because they consider them a meal. 5. Spiders are useful; they trap and eat crawlies, Sufferers of arachnophobia can follow a specific called exposure therapy. What happens when you see a spider? Does your hair stand on end? Do you seream and run away? If so, you're not alone. Fear of spiders, or arachnophobia (from the Greek words arachne — spider — and phobos - fear), is one of the most common phobias that people lifer from, with about 50% of females and up to 25% of males feeling afraid of our ‘eight-legged friends’. About 3% of pedple avoid spiders at all costs, refusing to enter a room until it has been checked for arachnids and blocking plughole8'so that they can't crawl up them! 2 Spiders have been hated for thousands of years, but like most phobias, arachnophobia is irrational. Although most spiders produce venom, fewer than 1% can harm humans. That's only 200 species out of about 42,000. Mayb@ it's spider's ugly appearance that causes the fear, of because they often appear suddenly and startle people Culture plays a part, too. The Piaroa Indians in the Amazon rainforest aren't afraid of spiders at all. For them, gtiled tarantula is a tasty and nutritious treat! Also, in Cambodia, deep-fried spider is a popular street snack. Prats | + spiders have been on Earth for 300 million years, + They ‘taste’ with the hairs on their legs. * Scientists want to use spider silk to make building materials and even armour.b) What do you think the author's purpose Based on information in the text answer the in writing the text is: a) to describe spiders? questions in your own words. b) to explain how to deal with a phobia? c) to narrate a person’s experience? (© Listen and read to find out. Is the text formal or informal? Give reasons. 1 How do some people react when they see spiders? 2 Why is this phobia unreasonable? 3 What do people in different cultures think of spiders? EB} Read again and match the headings (A-E) to 4. Why might someone try ‘exposure therapy’? the paragraphs (1-4). There is one extra heading. Give reasons. Match the words in bold in the text to their synonyms. Hope for Some Why so Afraid? Extreme Solution A Very Common Fear Great Around the House + Para 1: fears, under any circumstances, closing, shout + Para 2: unreasonable, scare, disliked * Para 3: lower, treats, catching * Para 4: carry, fearless, very scared, be atraid of mooop 3 Trying to see spiders like snacks such as chocolate bars or doughnuts (whatever they a Fill in: pest, common, therapy, snack, treat, creepy, ugly, bar, Rainforest, deep-fried. Use the phrases to make sentences based on enjoy the most!) might help a person with the text. arachnophobia. Remembering how helpful 1 phobia spiders are could reduce their fear, too. 2 appearence They are pertect pest controllers, trapping so and eating many creepy-crawlies that we A Papier don't want in our homes and gardens — i ee creatures like mosquitoes, cockroaches, flies and moths. See 7 controllers a 8 nutritious .. If fear of spiders badly affects someone's etokeos life, they should try ‘exposure therapy’. 10 canals Sufferers might start by looking at photographs of spiders. As they get more confident, they watch a video of a spider, and then meet the real thing, By the end of the treatment, they should even be able to hold a large tarantula in their hand! The aim is for people to get used to spiders and see that there is nothing to fear. So you see, there is hope if you are terrified of spiders. You don't have to ‘shake and sweat the next time something scuttles Under the sofa! cri) a i) Finding the main idea The main idea of a paragraph or a text is the point of it. Usually the main idea is the first sentence in a paragraph. The rest of the sentences support the mai idea Find the main idea in each paragraph. Compare with your partn rear) eee ed Pea ene eC kuckcns Writing USS URRontt ie eels Bee Re cam write a few sentences, then read them to the class. enRoute Ae eeVocabulary Vocabulary from the text Topic vocabulary Fears & Phobias scuttle, runs away, suffers, crawling, startle, fear, oa Look at the mind map. Can you add one more? lessen, produce. 1 Some spiders 5 a venom. F food 2. PAU ernnsnn from a terrible arene fear of heights. snakes heights 3 If you see a spider moving dogs storms fast, don't let that ............ YOu. 1)s. y 4 Look, there’s a little spider up the side of the sink. 5 You should learn more about spiders; this will your fear of these creatures. 6 | just saw something ies oa under the kitchen cupboard! ae pear 7 Jackie always screams and closed spaces a when she sees nhs a spider. we 8 The more you leam about spiders, the more you'll realise there's nothing to .... Fill in the correct word: face, beat, shakes, faints, control, froze, dry, avoids. Choose the correct word. 2 1 My heart starts to very fast when | hear 1 He was so scared, his hair the sound of thunder and see flashes of lightning. emron epputers an end 2 It's very difficult to i your reactions when 2 She will avoid cockroaches presented with your worst fear. nanan au prrontostel 3. When she sees a snake, she like a leat, ing the nu ith the injection, sh a Parasposprtbia' ig the pante! 4 On seeing the ni peers with the injection, she horror/fear of spiders. iS 3 ' ‘he'bt 4. Thora aro some efectve He ey as the plane healings/treatments/ hee Snadiowves'ice acattnonbobia 6 He crowded places such as malls and 5 Each time he sees a spider, he Soa runs away shaking/moving/ 7 When she sees blood, she scuttling, 8 You should your fear instead of avoiding it 6 SweatWorry/Panic breaks e Me out on her face and she a GSTENING) Listen to four people talking about their starts screaming! fears. Match them to the fears. One is extra. WI words helped you decide? 8 Real or True? Complete the phrases. i ee | People Fears 1100 G00d 10 BE oenennsent | 2 story: 3 | Wo kete a insects diamond; 4 the = b blood 5 | 2b ttaura © crowds i reason; 8 | [aT] Bop i | e storms problem 88Feelings Choose the correct word. Check in the Word List at the back of the book. anxious * nervous * embarrassed + dizzy scared | thought | saw an old trend in the supermarket last ‘week and | waved madly and shouted her name. Only when I got closer, | realised it wasn’t her at all. My cheeks went brightred. ') Last weekend | watched a horror film with some friends, but 1 covered my eyes for most of it "Because | couldn't watch it. | didn't sleep well that went up to the top of Blackpool Tower when I was 15, but I couldn't enjoy the view at all. | felt like everything was spinning and | had to go back down and wait for my friends at the bottom. a (Geeaxins)) When did you last feel anxious, nervous, embarrassed, dizzy, scared? Tell your partner. J ast felt anxious when I Sg Idioms (fear) a ) Fill i skin, stiff, butterflies, sheet. Which see in the picture? Have you got similar idiom: your language? 1 Mark went as white as a the wasp landed on his hand. when 2 I'm s0 nervous about the exam; I've got in my stomach! 3 Janet is scared .. .. of spiders. Brian nearly jumped out of his ... when he saw the mouse, Harry's hair .. ‘on end when he ‘saw the bear standing in front of him. b) Make your own sentences using these ims. Tell your partner. Prepositions FD ctoose the correct preposition. check in Appendix I. 1 2 He's afraid at/of moths. Xenophobia is the word for the fear offfor strangers. An effective psychologist must be sensitive tofin the needs of the patient. It's natural to worry about/at dangers that are realistic, but a phobia goes far beyond this. Treatment of a phobia can often lead to/ about a permanent cure. Word formation (forming negative adjectives) f] Read the theory, then form negative adjectives from the words in brackets. ‘We use the prefixes un- (happy - unhappy), in- (correct - incorrect), dis- (honest ~ dishonest), I- (logical — logic), im- (patent ~ impatient), in- (active - inactive) & ir- (responsible - irresponsible) to form negative adjectives. 1 | found the people | spoke to at the phobia clinic rather (FRIENDLY) Itis to collect moths in @ national park without a permit. (LEGAL) Mike was rather with the treatment. (SATISFIED) 4 It's almost : to imagine how scared | used to be of germs! (POSSIBLE) 5 Spiders are relatively : pets, compared to dogs and cats. (POPULAR) There's no point in continuing these sessions if you are going to be so in your attendance. (REGULAR) Her therapy is e still needs to have a light on in the be all the time. (COMPLETE) ; she sdroom Phrasal verbs: KEEP Fill in: on, away, out, up with. Check in Appendix |. Keep the dog of the garden; he keeps digging up the flowers! Keep .... from the tall grass; there might be venomous snakes there. 3 Mrs Jones told the boys to be quiet, but Simon kept talking 4 Alan couldn't keep ... the others in the group, 8990 (www.ihaveaphobiaforum.org } aie 1) Could anyone give me the name of a therapist in the Glasgow area that treats agoraphobia? I'm asking on behalt of my sister. At the moment, she 2) can spend five minutes outdoors at the most, Thanks in advance! Eee Sorry to hear about your sister's problem, jan76. Your sister 3) mustn't be put under such pressure. You 4)should give Dr Gupta a call. He 5) might be of help. My brother had a fear of heights and Dr Gupta 6) was able to cure it Hey, jan76. Another one you 7) ought to tty is Dr Svanberg. | was really scared of insects and she was great. | now have a pet centipede! ace ETA 8)May | have their phone numbers? Also, they 9) will have to visit my sister in her home. Pee | know Dr Svanberg can make house- calls. Her number is User: sonic ~ Posted: 14:06 pr Dr Gupta is based at Meryl Jones hospital His patients 10) must see him there. You 11) don’t have to make an appointment, though. He works 9-5 every weekday. Uae Thanks curryfan and sonic! [S seo pp. GR16-GR17) a Read the forum. Is it formal or informal? Give reasons. Then, match the modal verbs in bold to their meanings. It’s a good idea. A It’s the rule/law; they are obliged to Is it possible? It isn’t necessary. had the ability; could is able to -a]{m)[9][9][o] it isn’t allowed to; it's against the law it is possible that H itll be necessary i 2 Grammar in use Choose the correct item. Can | use my mobile phone on the plane? No, you don't have to/mustn’t do that. Annie's really afraid of having injections. She must/ought to talk to her doctor about it, Why are you in such a hurry? Ihave to/may be on time for my snowboarding lesson. Could/Must | use the car tonight, Dad? OK, but drive carefully. You're very good at public speaking, Thanks, but when | was young, | mustn’t/couldn't face a crowd. Why is Oliver so nervous? I'm not sure. He can/might be afraid of the dog. D> OP OE Orar o> Write the correct modal verb to complete the signs. Where could you see each sign? 2 Is it possible that you're the person we'te looking for? Walking on the grass is not allowed. 3 2 z 3 < 5 Caution. It is possible that rocks will fall on the road. 6 tis the law that passengers have their tickets with them at all times. It’s a good idea that parents accompany their children. [By Rewrite the sentences using modal verbs. Itis possible that Jack’s afraid of the dark. Jack I's a good idea to seek professional help. You Paul is able to hold a spider in his hand. Paul You are obliged to provide a medical certificate. You Visitors are not allowed to touch the snakes. Visitors Itis not necessary for us to join the therapy group. We .. Itis necessary for you to wear a helmet. You It you feel ready, you are allowed to touch it. Youa Fill in: a/an, the or ~ a/an - the a Read the text. Which article (a/an, the or -) do we use for: Jobs? proper nouns? something mentioned for the first time? something mentioned before? nouns that are unique? names of continents? countries? cities? mountain ranges? rivers? meals? sports? musical instruments? Decide in pairs. Check in the Grammar Reference section. Is it the same in your language? RR Err mr, Tee ee eeu a. great view of the rv guitar. He also loves extreme Ly CO dma he is at home, he kes having dinner with Ce ae 1 I've been invited to 2 Sally is 3 Mississippi River is in 4 5 John’s house for dinner. London. North America. .. Paris, France. They were having a great time trekking in ‘Amazon jungle until Mr Smith was bitten by venomous spider. careers adviser in Eiffel Tower is in 6 She is playing piano at Albert Hall tonight. 7 We played ........ football in park. 8 dog was walking into the road. dog was almost hit by ......1 Car. Deductions Read the examples. Which modal verb do we use to express: possibility? positive assumption? negative assumption? 1 I'm sure he works at the zoo, He must work at the zoo, 2 I'msure he isn’t scared of snakes. He can’t be scared of snakes. 3 Perhaps she is afraid of reptiles. She maylmight be atraid of reptiles. Rewrite the sentences using must, can’t or may/might. 1 Perhaps Paul has a fear of heights, 2 I'm sure that Sally isn’t scared of mice, 3. Perhaps Chris is tired. 4 I'm sure that James is worried about flying 5 I'm sure Anna isn't afraid of meeting new people. Key word transformations Complete the second sentence using the word in capitals so that it means the same as the first. Use two to five words. 1 It’s possible that Kate has a fear of open spaces. AFRAID Kate of open spaces. It isn't necessary for you to see the doctor. HAVE You the doctor. 3. lam sure she is nervous about flying in a helicopter. BE She flying in a helicopter. 4 You are not allowed to Participate without a doctor's certificate. HAVE You a doctor's certificate to participate. 5 It's forbidden to swim in the lake. SWIM You in the lake. (SPEAKING ) Look at the picture and make deductions using the prompts. * be in an office * be on holiday * be ataz00 * be nervous + be happy * be on her own She can't be in an office. 91oF @> You will hear a radio. Listening skills Multiple choice What did you learn about social anxiety? How can someone beat this phobia? Tell interview about a phobia. you partner. Before you listen, check these words in the Word List at the back of the book. What kind of phobia do you think it is? Multiple matching ‘You will hear five people talking about some experiences. Before you listen, check these words in the Word List at the back of + social phobia * anxious * panic attack the book. “tremble * faint * painfully shy ‘+ make judgments * low self-esteem * the centre of attention * affect * halls of residence * student counsellor * focus on * concentrate on * in public * beat my phobia * hypnotherapy * trekking + hot and humid » alligator ‘+ go through with it * bungee jump * persuade * special occasion + poison * live to tell the tale * give up * proud of myself * come down with a) C)) Now listen and match the speakers (1-5) to the statements (A-F). There is one 1. According to Abby most people get extra statement you do not need to use. social anxiety sometimes f b) () Listen and decide if each sentence is T (true) or F (false). A. | wasn't as afraid as | expected. B | wasn't brave enough to try it. © I tried it despite my nerves. 2. People with social phobia don't want to draw attention, 3 Abby avoided social situations ‘Speaker 7 throughout her university days. Eee D It was the best experience of my life. ‘Speaker 2 4 Abby overcame her phobia while at university, ‘ E I'm glad | didn’t give up. ‘Speaker 3 F | didn't enjoy anything ‘Speaker 4 © Listen again and choose the correct about my experience. ‘Speaker 5 answer A, B or C. In the past, social phobia was b) What did each person do? Which one do ‘A not believed to be important. you find the most exciting? Why? B supposed to cause panic attacks. C a major problem eople. “ela eli Narrate a scary experience of yours to the People with social phobia believe that others class. Say: when/where it took place, who else ‘A find them boring was with you, what exactly happened, how you B are not friendly enough. felt. C are looking at them judgementally. As a teenager, Abby Pronunciation: Elision A didn't socialise a lot. Biwae Sf tHifiont Gf the clases Some sounds aren't pronounced in everyday) speech to make words easier and faster to say. This is called elision e.g. family /feemuli/ before The counsellor advised Abby to elision, /faemli/ after elision A focus on her friends during events. B stop concentrating so much on hersett G SSODEIBSI large groupe, PB Underline the sound that is not pronounced. © Listen and check, then repeat. © forgot to meet new people. Abby realised she had recovered after she A presented her book in public. 1 counselling 4 temperature B completed some hypnotherapy sessions. 2 library 5 environment © made a presentation to a group of people. 3 comfortable 6 laboratory