Introduction © Patil > aeticle 12 t0.35, Derived from USA, ‘Magna Carta of india ‘+ Political democracy -‘a government of laws and ‘ot of men’ Earlier Seven Fundamental Rights: Now 6 {© Right to Equality (Article 148) ‘Right to Freedom (Article 19-22) ‘© Right agsinst exploitation (article 23-24) ‘+ Right to Freedom of religion (Article 25-28) + Calta and educations ght (Anjle 230) + ah to open tae 3] ont yan Amendment at,3978 fe ~ + Right to constutional Remedies artclea2) | ‘> Lawsinconsatent with Fundamental Rights |s Rights to Equality, Freedom, againet exploitation, freedomof religion, Culture & Education, Prope and Constitutional Remedies Fi hanes ee Festi atnemenainom an fears Sone ‘Some Rights available only tothe Gizens (ticle 435, 16, 19,29, 30) ‘e-Not absolute but some reasonable restrictions “e_Justiciable, persons moveto courtifight violated Defended and guaranteed by Supreme cour. 7 ment Act oe emicars eonetencd pened we ay aw can be made ony by the Prtame bystate ational Emernency e articles partament can repeal by onstuional AMEN Tyee elements Fundamental Rights Definition of tate © Aicle 22 ecutive and Legislative organs) Al local authortes - Municipals, Panchayat, District boards, trust ete. Statutory and Non-Stautory authorities fie LG, ONGC ete. © Private agency working as an instrument of the State falsunder ste ‘Laws inconsistent with Fundamental Rights Vv JN \ aveaniserewahtindaaiensshalbevad © «+ \snrame pour iti 32) 2h eur rie 226) ection 4 fermanenttowsby sment /State Legislatures ‘© Oripances sued by President / State governor avananda Bharati case (1973) - Constitutional ‘Amendment can be challenged if violates Funda ‘mental Rights. [Article 14: Equality before Law and Equal Protec- Won oftaws ‘© State shall not deny toany person equality before law or equal protection af laws withinterrtory of © India. Equality before Law —> British Origin + Absence of Special Privileges in favour of any person Equal Subjection ofall person tothe ordinary & law No person is above the lw © EquatProtectionoftaw -> American Constittion Equalty of treatment under equal ceumstances ‘Same laws tall person who similarly situated ‘the tke should be treated alike without any di crimination Ruleot tow © AvDicey, rts urs + Absence of arbitrary power, no man can be punished except fr breach of aw + qualy before the law + Constitution s the result ofthe rights of the Individual In nan syteny, Consthution the source of thelial iis, ‘© Aticle 14 isa “basic feature’ of the Constitution, ‘cannot be destroyed éven by amendment, Gout Parliament of india and state legislature (Ex- Exceptions to Equality © Aatilé 361 : President of India and Governor of States enjoy following, +), No¥anewerable to any courts, No Criminal ang Chil priceedings, No Process for arrest ‘Article 361-A : No Person liable to any proceed, cof Pariament / State legislature {Article 105 : No MP shall be liable to any cur fr saying inside Parliament Article 194 : No MLA shall be liable to any court Article 31-€ : Ditective Principle of State policy implementation Foreign sovereigns, ambassadors, diplomats, UND andits agencies. [Article 15: Prohibition of Dzcrimination ‘on Certain Grounds State shall not discriminate against any ctzen on rounds only of religion, race, caste, sex or pls of birth ‘Discrimination’ ~ ‘to make an adverse distinction with regard to ‘Only’- discrimination on other grounds snot hibited | Prohibits discrimination both by the State and it vate individuals, Exceptions to Article 15, ‘State permitted to make any special provision + Women and children ‘Advancement of any socially and educa” ally backward classes /SCa ST ‘Admission to educational institutions inc Ing private except minority Educational st 1 Acided by 93% amendment Act of 2005. © Centre enacted Central Educational institution! ‘et, 2008 Provided quota of 27% 08¢ in i's and ht cluded creamy layer among O8Cs creamy tayer Present, Vice-President, Judges of $C and Chairman and members oF UPSC, SPSC, CEC = cae hoot 0461400070 rune 6677560123 Hamanstapra 75095201 Madura 94311506 oth OY =# Group A,’ / Cass class Ofcers of Al Inia (entrl 8 State Services Employee equivalent postin PSU, Banks Insurance (Ofgantsatlons, Universities ‘Rank Colonel in Army, Navy, Airforce and pare military forces © Profesionalslike doctors, wyers, engines, at st authors, eonsutants| ‘Person intrade, busines, Indutryand agriculture land above catan init ‘© Persons hating gross anal income mae than aks, ‘Article 16: Equality of Opportunity in Publi Employ ‘© Equality of opportunity for al eens in matters ‘of employment or appointment to any fie un- derthe state 1 Raion, race, east, sox descent, place of birth corresidence "ceptions to Artie 16, ‘+ Paamentcan prescribe residence axcondtion or ‘cerainemployment Publetmpoymen (Require- ‘ent as to Residence) Act of 1957 expiredin 1974 "cept Andhra Pradesh and Telangana ‘State can provi in avourof any backward eas, not adequately repesentedin state services. ‘© Law can provide - incumbent of an fice related to religious or denominational institution belone tothe partir elon ‘+The fst bacward Classes Commision was ap- pointed in 1953 under the chatmanship of tata flea. submited its reporein 1955, Mandal Commision ‘© 1979, oraiDesat Govt. appointed 2nd 8 Com mission 8 P Mandal ‘© Article 340, investigate conditions of socially and ‘educationally backward classes Sted report in 860, ete (52% population) \ * Commision rcommenied 37 Spector once NN ‘1860, vP sng Govt. dectared seats 2% feroecs. , '* 1991, Narasimha Rao Govt. -> tw chénges,) + Proferenceto por section among 086s ‘or poorer + Reseration of another 10% sections of higher castes ‘Mandal case (1982) ‘+ Suoreme cout rejected adeional reservation of 30% pec poorer sections of higher castes ‘+ 27%reseration for 08C with folowing conditions + creamy layer exudes + Noeservation for promotions. Bsn racer ‘aon upto 1997 + Total reserved quota should not exceed 50% + Cary forward ele incate unfilled + Permanent statutory body to examine com: Plait of over and under inclsion, ‘ations taken by Govt. am Nandan Commitee - among OBC: + Submited reportin 1993 * National Comission for ackward Cases estab- ed in 1953 dent eeamy layer Consider inlasions and exclusions fom the caster et 77 Amendment Act 1895 -Reservation for pro- ‘motions for es and ss, ‘+ 85 hendment At 2001- Consequential senoniy ‘Thoothuludi 0461 4000970 Tirunelvell 04622560123 Ramanstharee.e. acces ec... he ‘© 81" Amendment Act 2000 -Unfled reserved va cancies led in sueeeding years #76" Amendment Act 199 - Tail Nadu Reserva tion Act 9th Schedule - 69% Article 17: Abolition of Untouchabilty © Untouchabity (fences) Act, 1955 ~> Protection of Ci Rights Act, 1575 ‘Term “Untouehabity’ = not been defined inthe Constitution o inthe Act 1 Imprisonment upto 6 months of Fine upto 00 or oth 1 Convicted of offence - qualified for election to MP or MLA ‘+ Preventing any person entering anyplace for pub- Ne worship © Justyinguntoucabiity (© Denying acess to any shops, hates ‘© Insuiting parson belonging to SC ‘© Refusing to admit person in hospitals, educational ‘nstutions Preaching untouchabiity ‘© Refusing to sellgoods Article 18: Abolition of Tes + rohibisstate to confer any tle (Expt mie tary and academic} - + rohibesaceptng ite rom any orien ate + Foreigner boing office under Fate cant a€ cept any te hou esdent ohne + No Gtizen or Foretner hell office Wider state Get preent/employren rom for 1996, Supreme our did Nitional Avards do not 4 lomo ie: ehttorpeden | NS + aniele 20 enters r __ feces ‘© Article 21: Protection of fe and Personal tiberty 1 Anticle 21.8: Right to Education Atle 22: Protection Against rest and Detention” ‘Article 19: Protection of Sin Rights © Guarantees rights (0) Freedom of speech and expression (b) Assemble peaceably and without ams (©) Formassocatons or unions or co-operative o- (3) More reel throuphoutthe territory of india (6) Reside and sete in any pat of nda (eh Practice ay profession / occupation, rade or business ‘+ 1210 igh to property deleted by 44th Amend: ‘ent Act. 1978 by Mora Des anata Dal Govt), ‘Protected against onl state action end nat pve Indias Article 20: Protection in Respect of Conviction for Offences ‘Protection against arbitrary and excessive punish- ment to an accused person Provisions + Noexpostfct aw + No Double jeopardy + No Settnerimination HEIs casey, ‘Article 23: Protection of ite and Personal erty No Person shal be deprived of his Ife or personal berry 1 Exes according to procedure established by law 1 Gopatan case (1950) ‘+ Protection agains arbitrary executive action and not rom arbitrary leglative action (© Menaka case (1978) ‘+ Protection against bth arly executive and legislative action + Personal iberty can be deprived ifthe Law ls reasonable fair or just ‘+ Supreme court reatiemed 34 rights under Ar ticle 28 Rights under Article 2, © Uvewith human dignity = Appropriate fe ncurance policy ‘Not be driven out of state Decent environment ‘Women to be treated decency and dignity ‘© prisoners have necessities © Uvetiood © Privacy © sheter sith 1 Free education upto 14 age #) Feeleparaid | © Agsinst sliary confinement, andcuting, nh ‘an reatnen & delayed exection © ie abioads speedy train Sleep, 5 Beerriery Freedom frm note potion ‘+ Agsinst bondedtabour custedal harassment; Pub- changing ‘+ Emeigency medial aid ‘+ Timely medical treatmentin GH = aireait ‘+ Hearing, information, reputation, appeal from 3 Judgement ofcomction ‘= soca security, Article 24: Right to Education State shall provide fre aed compulsory education toallchiéren (age 6t0 1), 89° constitutional Amendment Ae of 2002-"E- catlonto lr © Before this amendment, twas under Article 4 in Pant 1 Replaced Article 45 a5 - provide eary childhood ‘care and education foal cdr unth they com plete the age of six years, "+ 1903, Supreme Court recognised a Fundamental Aight in ight ie (tile 21) ‘+ ight of chien to Free and Compulsory Educa tom (RTE) Ae, 2009 + Fulltime elementary education of satisfactory and equitable quality ‘Arlee 22: Protection Against Arrest and Deterton ‘ Protectionto persons whoare artested or detained Two types Punitive -Puhish a percon fran offence com mitted by him Aight tobe informed ofthe grounds of ar. rs Consul with eal practitioner.IAS Academy WIA Screen, Produced belove magitate within 24 ‘oleae fer 28 hours ves magitate ators reventve «Detention of» petson without action acount Cannot exceed 3 months ules hang & Should tft opportunity to mae ree sentation gaia the dteation tet 1+ 44° Amendment Aet of 1978 educed peti of ‘etention from 302 maths Preventive detention ve 4 ProveniveDetemon At 1980, Een 1969 ‘© Motenance of ntl Secu Act MSA}. 1971 Repeated is 1978 Conseration ot Foreign Echange and Prevention ‘of Smueing Actes Act, COFEROSA) 174 Nationa Securty Act NASA, 1960 4 PrvertinctBbckourtetegantMurteancelSp- lel Eset cammostes At PEMGECAL 1980, ‘errr and Dirustive Actives (Prevention At (ADA, 158 Repeated in 1995 Prevention ef ict Trafic in Rareote Drags and Payhotopi Substances At, (PTNDPSA) 1988 ‘© Prevention of Trova Act (POTA), 2002 - Re: poses 2088. gm against Eapotaton Forced ber ot Traci Human Beings infact. ‘Artie 23 Frbibtion of Tac in Homan Beingsand forced taboer + Pont totic human being sono mpojment of Chron + Seling and toying ef men, women and ei oer lee pees + Prosenin Devas and Slavery. + emir! Talc Prevention) A. 1956 + Prohestabeese f \ + ended bout “ \ + Bonded abou Sytem (Abtion) At. $370; omar wages A 1968 he Contac our Ae $570 Ee emer eI ceptions Arie 23 7 1+ Femestnettatetoimpone compo eeucelot pate papas stat tn permite to make any dcininton (ona o eign, tate tate at Arie 4: Frbioiion of tmployment ‘ef Osiarenin Factories ePrbaus emo of tien below he 0 ttayean, #3906 tren coum Ch abou Renate + eof 20,500 4 Comisions for Protection 0 Cs its et, x08 + Cnrets outts fr seedy ta fences 1206, Gor barns employment. ite 9 80 ‘ess reba to Article 24 4b Ciistatour Prhiotin and Replstion} Act, 88 “a temoyment of Osten et, 1998 oo ctores At, 1988, ines bet 1952 Tooth 011 400870 Tani 4620125 “+ Merchant Shipping Ae 1958, 4 Platationtabour ac, 195t 1 Moor Tanspont Worker Act 1951 + Aypentces et, 196 4 land car Workers At, ‘i avourAmeridement (2016) Aree id ator Ac 1986 + Rename Pencpal At a Child and Adolescent Lave at, 1988 1 Prohitsemploent of len below 14 years Inalloceupatons& processes rohit employment af adolescents (14 ‘rsa hastdous ocupaton Punishments + Imprisonment of 6 months to 2 years or Fine of 20,000 50,00 both 1 Repearedtfences: imprisonment itt yeatt03 ‘lghs to Freedom of Religion Article 25: Freedom of Conscience nd Fee Pro fesion, Practice and Propagation Religion 1+ Article 26: Freedom to Manage Religious Aes Article 27: Freedom rom Taxation for Promotion ofa Religion 1+ fete 28: Freedom rom tending Religious In ght to Freedom of Religion 25-28) ‘rile 25: Freedom of Coneienc nd Free Profession, Practice & Propagation of Religion 1+ Freedomot Conscience: + nner eda to moulé i elation In what vor way he dees Rignto press: + Beelration of ond reisious baie and th épeniyand ely +) Righteoprocce: + Perormance of felgioutwontlp tual, cer erie ang exhbionof belt & eas |b anttoptopasite w+ Tans and dsemination of one's sos belie totes. Not rele conversion aceplions to Artie 25 1 Regulte or restrict any econamie,financis,po- iene sete sets, + Provigo social welfare + Twocapanatons: + lating and crying to klpans tobe ine aden the profesion of Sh religion + Hindus, inthiscontert inclae Shs, in and susie ‘Artie 26: 4redom to Manage Religious i + rerio denomination have ftoning ight + Etat and maaan iattation fr velgious nd chatable prpote, + Manage ts om ata nn and acquire movable and immovable + Administer uch property © sconaons 6 cle too von whe have 9 ys mol ble + Mave Common oeanaton + oviensted 9 dtintve ‘tle 27 freedom fom Taxation for ‘Promotion of Religion + Moperton shat competed to pay any tae oe promotion of maintenance of ay partis fon oreliious denomintions ‘tlle 28: Freedom from Attending fellows Insteuction Freedom at attendanc at eelgous stung trregious worship Incetala educational inst. tions & Feurtypesl edactinalintutins Wty matanedt the Sat religious inte, tons prohibited distro by Sate but established under, pens eli ntuctions 4 econnised bythe State & Receiving ad er the + elgjows instructions peemited on av tary boss ‘Arille 29; Protection of interests of Minories fe Any secon ofthe ction having tic ese, frp or eta shal have the Right to comer theme protect bothlingustle and eins minorie ‘+ No cite shall be denied aémssion into eau tional institution maintained by Sate oe rece 2d from tate on grounds of religion, race, ca: cerlanguage 1+ Representation ofthe People Act. 2951 Article 30: ight of tinotes of Establish nd Administer ational Insitutions © Gran rights to religious oringustie miners, + stablanond administer educationalinnize + Compensation amount fae aguiton et any property by Sate + Ingrantng i, State shallot eserinin stitutions managed by minority, “Three iypes of minorty educational institions + Seek ecopiton as wala ald from the + Seok ony recognition fom State and net it Nelthe seek recognition nar aid (er the sate, Malantaa Syrian Catholic College case (2007), ‘+ Establish and administer educational institutions oftheiechaice| ‘+ fights confered on minority is only to ensue eauality Notabstute right. Ensues regulatory meas ‘Unaided minority educational institutions have ‘teedom to ppoin teachers [rtension of ad by the State does not alter te ature and characte ofthe insti ight to Constitutional Remedes + Atle 32 ight toremedies forthe entice? ‘ofthe fundamental rights of am aggrieved ‘Arle 32: ght to remedies forthe enforcement! ‘he fundamental rights of an agerevedeisen 1+ Might togetthe Fundamental Right mentaight + DrAmbethar cae Ate 2 ‘an Atte without which this constution wee! ‘sity, Very soul & heart const Four Provisions 1 ht to move to supreme Court or fundamen! "hts guaranteed 2. Power toliue wits 3 artament can empower anyother cout to ection orders ands ‘ight to move the suprement cour sha ret ‘spended except during National emergewits ‘e_sopreme cour (Under Artile 32 ) & High Court (under Arte 226) sue wes «sbefre 1950, igh Cour of Caleta, Bombay & Ma drashad power to isue writs “eporrowed from English law (Prorogaive writs)- "Fountain of justice” + Dpctnwanecan afer ton mponn jo Supreme Court High Court ‘Can ise Writs only | Can issue writs for the | eee | enforcement of Funda fFundametal | mental Res. for ne | tay ts sue wets through | sue writs within ts thetertory of nda | eran of na May notreuseto | Mayrefuseto ree ezercseitswit | wrturetion \_tersaetion | | “yes of Ws © Habeos corpus @ Mandamus © Prohibition © Centiora Habeas Corpus Latin word means ‘to have body of” ‘+ Ordered issued by the court toa person who de- tained another person to produce detainee © Courtexaminesthe causeand|egalty of detention. + tfdetentionfoune tobe legal detained pe son ist free © Quo-warranto «canbe issued aginst both public authorities and private ndviduals 1s Not ssued + When detentions awful outside the court Fidition & contempt of leilature/ court Mandamus ‘+ Means‘we command” 5 commun ied by the our pub fia Simm perm hog ues at he ‘ed /tehzedo peor «© Asolssued against any publ Body, cotportion, sere Got : + Gametteisuedepsest 2) + pina —_( 2) eda inde) wre Golo? ete Fa gn out rroton © ears tot suedby aighercour toler out 2 anamusdirecs acy, rhonda er Conte sue ony aginst jl and si Grates + Noted at 2 parma str 1 teite bots + patents cern «Means te cero be nome? + mad bya nipercurtaalovercouterto tan ferapenangcase + tsuedopstuci and oust © 2901 Supreme cour culed certiorari canbe sued ‘een gana administrative authorities ‘© Not avilable agent epslatve bodies and priate Indias, Quo-warranto| Means ‘by what author oF Warrant” thors Artie 265 > Notaxlevied/ collected ‘except by authority of ow. are il > Article 200-4 —» No person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law pareXit > Artle 301 -> Trade, Commerce and Intercourse throughout the tertory of India shall, be tree Part XV —> Ail 326 -> Election to Lok Sabha date Legislative Asembly onthe basis of adult Surage National Emergency Affects not only fundamental right but also Centre State relations, distribution of evenves and legsatve ‘powers and extend the centre ofthe palament. Continues the Govt, an ordinary law Courts Can be imposed only on 3 grounds-War, External aggression and armed rebellion lmpozed ether nthe wile country orn any part oft. ‘pli Specific and detalled provision inthe Constitution,‘Re Bcacemy Directive Principles of State Policy Introduction © Pore © Anicle 36051 1 Borrowed dea fom ish Constitution of 1937 © Dr8.R Ambedkar descibed novel features’ ofthe Indian Constitution 1 Directive Principles + Fundamental Rights ‘© Philosophy ands soul of the Constitution # Granvile Austin has described asthe Constance ‘ofthe Constitution: nt Features ofthe Directive Principles sition ofthe Directv Principles New Dzectve Principles ‘Sanction Behind Directive Principles tiem ofthe Directive Principles Laity of Directive Principles Confict between Fundamental Rights and Direc} tive Pinciles Implementation of Directive Principles Dioetives Outside Pat IV Features ofthe Directive Principles ‘© DPSPs are constitutional. instruction oF recommendation: to the State Article 36 Definition of State; same meaning as in Fndementl Rights ‘= DPSP resembles “instrument of Instruction from Government of nd Act of 1535. 4 Seekto establish Economic and social democracy. ‘© Embody the concept of2‘welare state and not thatof police stat! os 4 = Non justia in mature | 1 nor ey etry y/o ee woaton co 1¢ til 37: Fundamental in tha governance ofthe country diy ofthe State toapply 18 Help the courts In examining and dbtermning constttional validity ofalaw. | f 1s Law to be ‘reasonable’ relation to-Afticle 14 (Eauality before law) / Asti 13 (sc eedom) Cassfcation ofthe Directive Principles ‘eBased on Content and Direction, DPSP elosiiog ‘+ Socialitie Principles fe Gandhian Principles © Uboral-itellectal Principles Socialist Principles 1s Article 38: Promote welfare of the people by fecuting 2 socal order by juste -tominimizeinequaltiesin income, states, facies and opportunities. Article 39: To secure right to adequate means of velihood for al citizens rable esteibutlon of materi resources eau eath and means prevention of eancentration of of production pay for equal work or men rotheath andre ofworkrand nat forte abuse sana women fe Equal presenti children 263 1gcommisslon wos established 1950 Tetake up the development ofthe county ina planned manner In 2015, the Panning Commision was replaced by anew body called NM Aayog (National Inst tution for Tansforming India) J» ThePlanin Land reform ows l= (0) aboltion of intermediaries ke zamindars, Jagidars,iardars, et; (2) tenancy reforms lke secu of tenure, fit rents ete; (€) Imposition of cetngsontand holdings: {@) dstelbution of surplus land among the ond les labourers; and (6) cooperative farming. To protec the interests ofthe labour sections 16 The Minimum Wage Act (2948. “The Payment of Wages Act (936) “Te Payment of Bonus Act (1965) |s The contac Labour Regulation and Abolition Act (0970) “Te Cid Labour Prohibition and Regulation Act (2986) “The Bonded Labour System Aton Ae (1976) ‘The Trade Unions Ac (1926) “The Factories Act (2948) ‘The Mines Ae (2952) ‘The Industri Disputes Act (1947) ‘The Workmen's Compensation Act (1923) 2006 he governmentbaoned the ehillabour > 20, the cit Labour rotitn and Re lation Act (3986) was renamed asthe Child and ‘Adolescent Labour Prohibition and Regulation at 10, To protect the interests of wemen workers Jo The Maternity Benefit Act (1963) |= qual Remuneration Act (1975) To tle the financial resources for promoting the common good, ‘+ Nationasation off insurance (1956) 1+ Trenatioalsation of fourteen leading commer- al banks 1968) f= Nationaston of genera insurance (1573) 1 Aboton of Privy Purses (1973) To provide ree and competentlegaald tthe poor j= The Legal Services Authorities Act (1987) For the development of eotage Industrie in rrat + Wal and Vilge indus Boor + bad and Vilage Industries Commision Smale Industves Soa |s Navona smolinduties Corporation Hendeom Based 1s Handicrafts Bord |e covesoar Sik ard Teena EEE eon 1 jaeatmatneecrer iy + mot n rope el tee ee 1 Sneath 2 eect iy ‘¢ National Rural Guarantee Programme (2006) ‘Tossfeguard the wilife and the forests ©The Wile (Protection) Act 1972) ‘6 Forest (Conservation) At, 1960 For the protection, conservation and development offorests fe TheVlaterand ir ets | © Centratand state Pollution Contra Boards| 4 Pteton and improvement ecnmert | 16 Notional Fores Paley (1988) | TeprotcbesCsandsTs rom os nes | exploitation ‘©The Untouchabilty {Ofences) Act, 1955, | was renamed as the Protection of Chi Rights wise «Sheed castes an Scheie ibe Pree Sonor ati 108 ‘ppt tenet of Sn 1 essen ener | Siented he aton Conn Se Steer an aceon ee «2 cnsurl vend tf 208 {Nan comms schadlasend | Vulconnison rh es ‘erent and poate sc uratand tommiinrerotte wear ec ot oo «Te Natal Gamision for Badr ce ttt + Te tatonconmison rats 9 | + Teton conmison vom 2) + Teton conmison for Pactn rows * Cinina Procedure Code (1973 separated | ‘clr from the executive in the publ semi | ofthe tate, Toprotect the monuments, places and objects | tional importance | | 1 Ancient and Histrieal Monument and Rw logical Sites and Remains At (3954), Tolmprove the pubic heath ‘+ Primary helath entree and hospital Topromote international peace and seeuiy ‘+ Leste rohibithe slaughter of cows, caves Dullocks some states 1 Some state have Iiiatedthe ol age pet sthemes above 65 years re) joa] © India following nanatgnment & panchat polcyto promote International peace nd fy‘+ opportuniisforhesthy development of elon Artie 39A:To promote equajusiceand re eal sid tothe poor «arte st A Tosecur the right to work, eduation {public asstance Incase of unemployment old age sens and dsablement # Artiele 42 + Provision for just and human condtons of work & material relet «Article 43: Tosecure ving wage, decent standard fife, soa cutratopportunitis tora workers 4 arte a3 Toke stepsto secure the partlpation of workersin industries ‘Arie 7: Rise mutton lve, standard af ting ‘of pee & to improve public health. Gandhian Principles 1 Artile 4: Organise vig panchayats & endow ‘wthpowers& authority to enable theme function aso of self government. «Aide 43: Promote cottage indus byindvidal J co-peration in rural areas 4 Amticle 43 8 : Promote voluntary formation, autonomous functioning. democratic control & ‘pofessonal management of o-opeative societies 4+ Arie 46: Promote the educational & eeonomle interest of SCs, STs & weaker sections of soley sn pretect om stil inusticeand explanations Artie 47: Prohiit consumption of intxieatng rinks & drugs which injurious to heath 1+ Article 48: Prob he laughter of cous, calves ‘ad draught eats Impeove thelr breeds bert intaltectual Principles Arta Secore forall etzensa uniform cvilcode ‘trovghout the country y 1 Amiele 45: Provide carly childhood at ‘eucaton{orallciren unit ageot6.) | + Anide 48: Oris agrcutue Bani furtandey ‘onmedem & scintifetines \ ® ‘Real force behind applying DPS s publ opinion © Alladh Krishna Swamy Ayyar no minstry responsible othe people tolgnore te provisions Pacey ‘* De BRAmbedlar— govt whichrest onpopularvate ‘an Ignore PSP, lw certlny have to answer for that before electorate atthe election tn. Why OFSP Is non ~jstleable? *# Country did not possess sultant financial resoutes to implement thems “© Presence of vat iversty and backwardness ‘Nowy Born independent nan State might be Crushed under the burden. Kt was ee to deed the oder, time place and mode of fling them, Caticem ofthe DicectvePrncpes (© Noleagat Force 1 Mogiely Aranged conserve © Constationsl Conf. Utlty of iractve Principles ‘© LM singh - ie giving poisons: pilesophy of sail ustice 414 chagl "ia principles uly cari out, our countrywould be heave 1 Oco.Rambestar-goalotinsanpotyiseéonomic democracy’ as distinguished from ‘politcal ddemacracy? Granite Austin -almed 3 furting te goals dt ‘the sci revolution ‘+ Si 811Ra mor precepts FAs authors of th ster have educate alue sighted of BP) i( + tke) 30 ‘insur St issn“ (serena “Yeetulbeston athe burs Det \ pape w~ «+ Form fhe dominating background to al state, Determine the 4 Arie 8 Protect Bimgrove Penne, _ lee orem atone ‘Selena forests & wl ie s 1 Ariciets-Protect monuments spac ofaniaicorbisorinterert 1+ rice 50: Separate juciay fom the excatve Inthe pe serces ofthe state. 1 Article 51: Promote international peace and scurty. Honorable relation between natlons. asp terietcrational law andtreaty. Encourage settlement of desputes New DrecvePiciles 18 Ar hmandert tof 116 a8 Ae Dect Princes othe geal © ded Atte 39,398, 41K and AK ‘+ ta amendment het of 1978 added one more rice 38 © 16° Amendment Act of 2002 Subject matter hanged in Atle #57 penedment Ket of 2021 nde Ate 430 ‘Sanction behing Dcectve Prints + Seat, recommended inaidlihsshoud | bedded into two + uarantl lets jstiabe © Ovectve Prine non tine tana {+ Ampliy the Preamble © Faclitatestablty and continu inspite ofthe changes f the partyin power 1 Supplementary tothe fundamental rights «© Opposition canblame ulngport thats actives ‘oppoted tothe Directives 1 cacltetforthe performance ofthe government. Guide, Philosopher & Friend ‘So | Fundamental iets Negative, Poh the state ‘tlble, Legal enforceable ‘ima establishing plea demoeacy| ove legal sanctions ‘romate wef ofthe nv ‘Do nt require an lesan for Implementation co 1.) courts are bound to decir was ‘uncontttionaland ial ‘ltntion between Fundamental Rights and DPSP ‘Promote welfare ofthe community equi eatin forthe implementation (Mister Academy Confit between Fundamental Rights and Directive Printpes 1. Champakam Doraajan case (1854) ‘+ SP run as Subsidiary tothe Fundamental hts + Fundementa rights could be amended by the Parliament. (0951) & 17" (2968) Amendment Aet Implement some ofthe Dtectves Golaknath ase (1967) ‘© Fundamental Rights cannot be amended or take away forthe implementation ofthe DPSP © 26° Amendment Act (2971): Farlament has ‘ower to abridge or takeaway fundamental sights © 25° Amendment Act (1971 Inserted Article 31 Two provisions 3, Kesnvananda Bharat case (1973): ‘+ Amticle 310 2% Provision declared as ‘unconstitutional and vali. 2* Provision is vali ‘642 Amendgn Act: OPSP got legal primacy land supremacy over Fundamental rights contre by Ate 16,39 and 31 “4, Miner mls cate (1880: 1+) abot extension made unconstitutional and invali Fundamental rights conferred by ‘ante Mand 19 ere seceptedassubordinate othe nese, Constitution founded onthe bedrock ofthe bance between Fundamental rights & OFSP Directives Outside Part © Clas of Ss and Ts to Services © Part xvi > Artie 335 Appointment to services and posts in connection withthe Union ora sate ‘© Instruction in mater tongue ‘© Part XVII Article 350-4 > Provide Instutionsia mother-tongue tthe primary stage of education to children belonging to linguistic minority grows ‘+ Development ofthe Hind Language © Par xv -» Atle 351 Duty of Union to promote spread of Hindi Language to serve 38 ‘medium of expresion rsp Positive, Require state todo cetan things "Non justine Not legal enforceable ‘Aim at establishing soil and ecanomie democracy ave moral and pote santions rts cannot declare a aw votive of OPSP as contttlonaandinaléIntroduetion + Partv Aniele Sta - 11 duties ‘* 1976, Fundamental Duties added in the Constitution Inspires from usin ‘© Japanese Constitution only democr tohavellist of tent lecountry Swaran Singh Committe Recommendations | Us fundamental Duties | Featices of the undomentl its Citi of Fndamentl Dates | Sleieance of Fundamental Dues Verma Committe Observations Siaten singh Conmiteteconmendaios 176, conges Par setup Sra Swan Sigh Commitee daring tral Emergency * committee recommended incision of separate sehaptr in the Constitution ‘+ 42° Constitutional Amendment Act in 2976 ‘© Committee suggested 8 Fundamental Duties ‘© Cenain recommendations not accepted by Congress Party are ‘Parliament may provide imposition of such ppenalty/ punishment for refusal to observe suties ‘= Penaty/Punishment ate not questioned in eny Duty topay Taxes st of Fundamental Duties SIA-a} Respect Constitution, National Flag and "National Anthem SIA-b) Cherish & follow the noble Ideals that inspired the National Struggle fr freedom S51A-€) Uphold and protect the Sovereignty, Unity and integrity of nia 51A-¢) Defend the country and oe ‘51A-€} Promote harmony and brotherhood 514.) Value and preserve th country’s composite culture heeeay artnet the \\ Sia) Protect & improve sau iinet inching forest, ake, rvs & wild S51A-fy Develop scientific terperthumism and the spin of inquiry and reform 51A-1) Safeguard public property and to abjure violence S1A-j) Strive towards excellence '51A- K) Provide opportunities for education to his child between the age 6 and 26 (Added by ‘the 86" Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002), Features of the Fundamental Duties «© Some of them ace moral duties while others are cle duties Introduction fe Part XX- Article 368 -Powers of Parliament to amend the Constitution & ts procedure drawn from South Arica 1b Neither as easy a Britain nor cMcule s in USA either flexible nor rigid Hi rot amend ‘asi structure’ ofthe Pariament cant ai 1 in the Kesavanandha ‘e--ruled by Supreme cow sahara c22e (2973) tpoothubudl.0461 4000970 Tirunelveli 04622560123 Ramanathanurer, 7a tet reset ns ee + Extentofthe executive powerof the Union and the states + Supreme Court and High Courts + Distribution of egslative powers between the Union and states + Ustin Schedule ++ Representation of states in Parliament + Article 368 hse Crtcsm of the Amendment Procedure ‘© No provision fora spial body asin USA ‘© Power to initiate an amendment to the Constitu- tion ies withthe Parliament ‘© Major part ofthe Constitution can be amended by Pariament alone, Only few eases, consent of state leghsiature required. ‘© Constitution doesnot prescribe the time frame within which the state legislature should ratty or reject. ‘5 tHo provision for holding joint siting ifthere isa deadlock over amendment bil 1+ Process ofamendmentis simi Yoleglsatve pro ‘© Procedure are too skatehy. AMENDAGILITY OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS Shankari Prasad cate #\ The power of parliament to amend the eaastitution under Article 368 included the ower to amend fundamental rights Golak Nath cate ‘© Reversed is earlier stand ‘© Parlament cannot abridge or take away any of the fundamental rights. 24th amendment Act ‘© Amended articles 13 & 368 and declared parliament was power to abridge of take away ‘ny fundamental right, Kesavananda Bharath case Supreme court overruled its judgement in Golak Nathease, ‘© la Baste Structure ofthe constitution, 42nd Amendment Amended Article 368 & declared there is no limitation on power of parliament & no amendment can be questioned in any court. Minerva mils case ‘© excluded Judicial review whichis "base feature? ‘ofthe constittion) ‘© Kept election disputes invoving the Prime Mins terand Speaker of Lk Sabha outed the ursie= ton ofalleoures ‘Above provsionaffectes the basic structureofthe Constitition -axamendment Act (1976) 1 Amendment article 368 ‘+ Declared no limitation on the Constituent power of Parlament ‘+ Noamendmentcan be questionedinany court ‘on any ground ‘Minerva Mis eae (2980), ‘+ livalidated above provision art excluded iil review ‘+ Parloment cannot, under atce 368, expand is amending powerrepeal or abrogate the consti tion or destroy base features Lied power canna convert the ted power ‘to unlimited one faeMR IAS Academy ‘Vaman Rao cata (198i) © Card ‘baste structure’ * Aaply to constttionl amendments enacted af ter April 24,3973 date of the Jgement in the Kesavanada Shara case) ELEMENTS OF THE BASIC STRUCTURE ‘© Supremacy ofthe Constitution Sovereign democratic andrepublean nature ofthe Indian poy. Secular character ofthe Constitution Separation of powers between theleislature the fenecutive & the udary Federal ehaacter ofthe Constitution Unityand integrity ofthe nation Witte state Judicial review Freedom and dignity ofthe individual Harmony and balance between Fundamental Fights and DPS? Principe of equality Fre and fr election Independence of iuleary Lmited power af Parlament to amend the Const (fective access to justice ‘Principles underlying fundamental rights ‘Adminstratve Reforms © Iyyangor committe 1949, # Gorwala committee 1951, ‘+ Anpleby committee 1953, Administrative reform commision (1966-70) ‘Powers of the Supreme Court under Article 22,136,141 and 142 Power ofthe High Courts un 27 EVOLUTION OF THE BASICSTRUCTURE OF THE CON: snruniow fe esavands Bharat case (1973) 1+ supremacy, separation of powers, republic & derecracti form secular & feral character 1 Sovrinty & unity, Freedom & Dignity, build ‘wellare stat &Patlamentary system Indira Nehru Gandhi case + Soverign democratic epubli,equalty of sta- tusand opportunity Secularsam and freedom of conscience and religion; Rule of law; Judicial review; Free & faelecion ‘Minerva Mil cae (1980) + United powerof paiamenttoamend the con- stitution er article 226 and ‘+ ust revew; Harmony andbalance between FRand DPS? Central Coal Fes Ltd Case (1980) - Effective ac+ cxsstojustice ‘Bhim singh cas (2864) - Welfare state © Sampath kumar ese (197) -Ruleof aw, judl- calrevew PSambamurthy case (1987) - Rule of aw judicial Delhi sud serve Assocation case (2993) Pow eso the Supreme court. Administrative Reforms Commission is terms of references ined mong other the examination of Cente Sat relation. study team und Getty” lemade 22%con Iysrear commie 1989 Fn sat Gun der, ‘© Firstcommittee example the Government maghin-} 1 eee. Copstitition, ey Pano. tijent of persns haling one @perlence Recent esis pt \ al ran + center tein 37 pray oty LAE, sedi o padepanmens A agen *,, S Qontral Acministrotive officer’ “Seccoidhsferring of more financial resources to the + Acabinet Secretar ie ‘Organisation and method ci Inevery department GorwalaConvmitse 1951, Planing Commission felt many problem in public Administration "Main Aim Relation tothe implantation ofthe De- velopment programme ‘Recommendation (ales there ithe standard of ‘morality ofthe function aris) ‘Appleby Report 1953-1956 © Heisbelong to use .Gook knowledge in public Adminstration Finance minster C.0.Deshmukh message to ‘Appleby ‘Amst strong contrl administration programme stated. ‘¢ Important Recommendation ll Indi institute for ‘rang the Personnel Develop the Herarcy level, O nd M Dison cre. ated In central secretariat. (Organisation and ‘Method Dhision) Established india nstuteof able Adminstration tn Del 3954, “Admintstratlon Reform comission (196670) Set up Home ministry 1 Headed by Moca! Desl 1 shemember Commission lowed by x Hanumant-hayya . 3 (0%) nated * Fal states to reduce thelr dependency upon the centre, + Deployment of Central armed forces nthe states either on thelr requestor otherwise. No action was taken by the Central government fon the recommendations ofthe ARC. 2nd ARC- 2005, ‘© A Committee to revatlise public administration system inna Chairperson - Veerapps Moiley (2005-2009) ‘Ramachandran (ollowed by) Composition! +5 (1.Charperson +S members) Vision 1) Organisation struture of indie 2} Ethics governance 43) Refurishing of Perzonal adm 4) fective Dstret administration 5) Panchayat Ra/ Munclpalities 6) E-governance Recommendation ‘© The commission submitted 15 reports to Government es. 4 gto Information 2. this in Governance 3. Public order ete, ‘Thoothuludl O€61 4000970 Tiunelvell 04522560123 Ramanathapuram 7550352916 Madural 9843110566 Indra Sawhney Case (1992) or Manda Cae py, of tw ‘© KumarPacdma Prasad Case (1992) - Independ of judlciary ‘+ KthotoHoliohon case (2993) or Defence ease, 4& Fair elections Soverign, democratic, repyn, structure Raghunath Rao case (1993) Principle of eq Unity ‘SR.Bommal Case (2994) + Federalism, Secularism, Democracy, Unity & i, tezity, Socal justice and Judicial review ‘© Lichandra Kumar case (2997) - Powers of hg, court under Article 226 & 227 ‘© Indra Sawhney I case (2000) - Principe of us, iy ‘Alina Judge's Assocation case (2002) -Indepex, ‘dent Juicial system ‘Kulp Nayar ese (2006) - Democracy, free and ek election ‘© MNageraj case (2006) - Principle of equality ‘© LRCoelho case (2007) or Schedule ‘+ Rule oflaw, Seperation of powers Prncpleuy derlying FR, Judea review, Equality principe ‘Ram Jethumalani case(2011) - Powers of the sy ‘preme court under Article 32. "Namit Sharma ease (2033) - Freedom and dignity ofthe individual ‘Madras Bar Assoltign ease (2014) + suticla review an Powers of High Courts un. der aicle 226 ahd 227. {implementation of recommendation The Government appointed Group of Ministets (GOM) on 2007 to review the tompmissons reports. > Sarkar cotnmission sat wpin toes reper 198 247 taconmendaton ede ath Seg ata at Ther are tee member Siesen + tame ranenian Setup yi cana ® Reporte av God fim + "Toeamine te ltoship and nce Deeweenstat and Cartoons Soverorappott recommend +" hestoute sernet penn + Notbnngtosamesute + Netinaed npn '* Art 155 appoint of Governor consultation with OY tohamaner Commies setpin ise, 4 Sredby Tons state on and commision 1978 * Meese ASST 3380 tal anomaly ects 2 sexy evades commision 4 commission under kaka Kaleswarin 1953 1 or submitted 1955, [Established year 1979, Report submitted 1980 (08 => 27% reservation ‘89. Mandel (Bindeshwari prasad mandal) ‘Mond eommisson appointed by VPSingh ‘Mondal commision sanction 1990 president. (08¢ reservation came into force 1962 3743 cferen east & community “npIntroduction «© Anna finanll statement © aricie 12 ‘contents: Budget 1 Stages of enactment = Funds Budget ‘+ Estimated recelpts and expenditure of Gov. of, Inala na financil year (1 Ape-31 March) Budget contains ‘© Estimates of revenue & capital recelpts ‘+ Ways& means toraise the revenue 4 Eetimates of expenditure ‘© Detail of actual receipts & expenditure ofthe losing ancl yar Two Budgets allway Budget & General Budget ‘+ Raway Budget Separated rom General Budget in 13821 (Acworth Committee) then presentation sw241095, 1+ The agin now rejoin in 2017-18 ‘© every Year Union Budget presented on February 2 Reasons for Separation ‘+ Teintrocice iit in allway finance ‘+ Tofectate railway approach to raiway policy ‘© Tosacure stability of general revenues by ashe anndal contribution from allway revenues, ‘constitutional Provisions ‘© President lays 9 statement of receipts and expenditure for that year to both houses of potlament. '+ No demand fora grant stall be made except on recommendtion of President. ‘© No money shal be witherawn from consolidated fun of india exept under appropriation made bylaw a 1 No tax shall be levied colle ny authority of awe + Patiamen carats or abla sale ‘Two types of Expenditure m* } 4. ‘Charged’ upon Consolidated uns’ Siita b 2. ‘Expenditure made’ from Condelidated fund of Inia 1 ‘Charged’ upon Consolidated fund of India '2 Non votabiebyPariment cota: Legislative Powers & Functions Executive Powers & Functions Foancial powers & functions ‘Consution Powers & Functions Judi powers &funetons lector powers & Functions ‘ther Powers 8 Futons Legislative Powers & Functions of Parament Has exclusive power to make lews In Union Ist, eresiduary subjects ‘over siding powers- Concurrent Ii. ‘state List ~ make laws on § abnormal tuations (er subjects) |. When Raya Sabha pases resoltlontothat effet. Proclamation of national emergency Ii, Two or more states make a Jot request. ie During President's rule ~~ Budget ‘© Discussed by Patient 2. ‘Expenditure made from Consol naa ‘+ votable by Patloment Ut of harged Expenditure fe Emoluments& allowances of President & other allowance eating tis fie. “8 Salaries & allowances of Chairman & Deputy ‘Chairman of Ralya Sabha Speaker & Deputy Speaker of Laksabha Judges of Supreme Court High Cour ete 1 Salaries, allowances and pensions ofthe udaes of the Supreme Court, Comptroller and Auditor General and pension of High court judges. Stags in enactment -6 stages 1. Presontation of Budget 2. General Discussion 2. Seratny by departmental committees 14 Votingon demands for grants 5. 6 ssn of appropriation bil sang ofan bill 1. Preventationof Budget + Ralioy Oude Genera Budget alway Budeet 1. PrecetedtoLoksabha 2 oyataay minster 2. Ontot Febuary 4, Raa Budget proces ener! Bue. General Budget 1. Presented lotsa 2. byinance minister 4 Finance Minter prints the Budest with 2 Speech known gene budget see + Budgetspeech inte pas, aryPart AucBisttute @ geneal-écondmies onion he county : art relates tration proposals |x | tne en of the span i the to ato, he \ 1 esse ev sibha 2 benetoasson foes ice bot houses Last foro ays. Ont dscusion nether cutmotion nor vote 3. Scrutiny by departmental committees «Aer general dszusion House se adjourned for Bio aweet 4+ 2¢deparmentalstandgcommitess amine & 1 \. prepare reports. “estanding committee - Established in 193, 4 Voting on demands for grants ‘© Gaclusve plage of Loksabha ct Motion © Patieyeut motion ‘© Economy cutmotion Token cutmotion Members of parliament move motion to reduce any demand for grant. 2 25 ays. allotted Last day - Remaining demands disposed ~ called tullotine Pasting of appropriation Bill ‘No money can be withdrawn from consoléated fund ofindle except appropriation made by law ‘ate on Account” Lok sabha can grant in advance estimated texpenditue for financial year When the Voting ‘Benactment of bill are pending. Vote of credit fe Granted for meeting an unexpected demand ‘pon eesoures of indi. Passing of Finance bill “Tosiveetfect to fifandal proposalsof Government Must asst withip 75 days i Prsent {is nance Act Legalses the income ste ofthe budget Funds ‘2 Consldited Fund of naa (tile 266) 1 publi Account of nai (ile 268) ) + Contingency fund of nia (Article 267) Contolidated Fund %Allrocepts are credited ‘© Allpaymentsare debited Publi Accounts ‘© Allother public money other than consolidated fund of naa, ‘*Incudes Provident fund depos, hula depos, Sovings bank deposts ete. Contingency Fund © Act 3950 ‘© Prasdont ean make advances out of it to meet unforeseen expenditure Held by Finance Secretary on behalfof President Powers'& Functions of Parliament \. Togive effect to International agreement, weaties ete 2. bxective Powers & Functions ‘© Ministers are collectively responsible to parkamentin general & tLoksabhain particular ‘© Can pass No confidence by 1) Motion of Thanks not passed 1) Rejection of money bi Ii) Pasing Censure or adjournment mation XM) Passing cut motion Financial powers &funetlons ‘No taxcanbolvled or eolecte, No expenditure can be incurred without Patament’s approval. ‘4 Constitution Powers & Funtions ‘= Passamendments by 1) Simple Majoety 1) Special Majority & Ii) Special Majory outwith consent of half of all state legiatures, dial powers & functions Can impeach president Remove Viee President can recommend for removal of Judges of Supreme Cour & High Curt ‘Can punish ts members for breach of privileges 5. lector powers & Functions Participates n election of president & Vict Presient Lok sabha Elects speaker & Depspeaker Rajyasabha lets Deputy Chairman (Other Powers & Functions ‘Approves ll types of emergencies Can create or abolish stat legative coun o* recommendation of state legislat¥® ‘assembles, ‘Can increase or decrease the atea, ater th boundaries & change names of states of nd" ‘on. “Thosthiohud 04614000970 Trurevell 04622560123. Ramandthapuram 75503 52916 Madural 9843110566 cyaoe nreduetion speilrigts,Inmunities nd exemption enloyed ipinetwohouses of Farlament, thsrcommitees and ther members, “They are necessary In order to secure the Independence and effectiveness of thelr action Corsitution hs also extended the parliamentary prleges to attorney general of igia and to the Uri misters Do not extend to the President who is aso an integral part ofthe Parliament ‘contents: |yasiieation of Porlamentar Prileges “ebreachof Prlege and Contempt ofthe Houses Source ofPriileges fSoversenty of Parent ‘casfiation of arlamentary Privileges «+ parlamentar privileges canbe cased ito 2 broad eategris + Those that are enloyed by each House of Parliament collectively Those that are enjoyed by the members ‘edviaualy colesive Prieges 4s hight to publish its reports, debates and proceedings & right to prohibit others from publeing thesame. 8 42°Amendment Act of1078restored the freedom, Of the press to publish true reports of perliementery proceedings. without prior permission Introduction «© Pariament azested by a number oféoimitees Intherdichogeofitsduties, ) ‘+ Appointed or elected by house or niinated by speaker chairman es ‘+ orks underspeaker/ehatrma™s. 4 Presents its report to house oxto)speaker / aieman Cony Two types Committee _Y Standing (Permanent) #Aahoe [emporary) Setup by prime minster regarding requirements ofthe situation Standing Committees lta affairs Committee * Economic Affairs Committee ‘© Appointments Commitee (Prime Ministrsisthe bead) + Paiamentary fairs Commit Isthe head) Most powertu Committee + Polticl Asis Committee also called ‘Super ‘cabinet Commites ofthe Parliament + Broadly parlentarycommitecsareoftwoknds “Standing Commitee nd Ad Hoe Commitee. THe fermer are permanent (constituted ever 3" oF erode and workena continuous bos, wile the later ave temporary and cease to exist on Completion ofthe ask assigned tothem. Standing Commies * Onthebsls ofthe nature of ‘other standingcommites the towing sixeatgories: tee Wome Minster unetons performed fanbecisiedito Parliamentary Privileges proceedings and fe Iteanexehde strangers hol secret tings fe iecanmake rules to regulates 9m procedure te can purish members as wel as outsiders or breach of iioges © tehasthe ight to rectve immediate information ofthe aest detention, conviction et: «© tecaninsttute inquiries and order the attendance (flenesse end send for relevant papers and records + courts are prohibited to inquire int proceedings fof a House or iscommities No person canbe arrested and no legal process ‘nbs served within the precnts ofthe Howse ‘thou the permission ofthe Presiding officer Individual Privileges Members cannot be arrested during the session (of Palament and 40 days before the Besnning Snd 40 days after the end of session ‘+ Thisprvlegeisavaiible only incilcasesand not incriminal eases or preventive detention cases ‘+ Members have freedom af speech in Parioment No member i ble to any proceedings in any Coutfor anything saidor any votegiven by bin Palen orits committees. ‘+ Mamberscan refuse to ge evidence and appear sa witness Ina case pending in cour when, Paraant in ession| - ‘Breach of Privleg and Contorpt of the Houses «© When any indus or autho divegards 3 ‘Mocksony the preg igh andinmunies istemed Srbreae ot prveges Parliamentary Committee “Hail Cmis 2), Public Accounts Committee. bi ehimateearee 6) coe oni Unda 5. ener standing commis (24) 3eammisertlngte 2) eames onetine 0) commie rege hes Comte 4. commie Senn ad Cont 2) comes on Goverment AONE by comme onsibrdnate Legation © commits on Faget nthe Tae 4) Commitee on Welie of dS ©) conmite on npawermet of omen 1) Joneconite on fees oft 5. Commitee Relating tothe Day-to-Day Business ofthe Hous 13) BusingssAdlsory Committee 1b) Commitee on Private Members ils and Resolutions 1) ules Committee 4) Committe on Absence of Members from Sit tings of the House 6. Nout Commie or ede Com testa Conmle ord wit the Po ‘on toss ond Senso emo) 8} General Purposes Commitee 1b) House Commites ©) brary Commitee sion which obstructs a Houses of Paviament, its member or its officer in the Dertormance of tele functions or which as 3 Tendency det or indirectly to produce results Seana the dint, authority and Honour of the <= eases isteated asa contempt of the Houses “eExample : Disobedience toa leptimate order of the Houses{s nota breath of privilege, butcan be punlshed as contempt f the House fe Anyactor amis ‘source of rveges «© Constution (Article 105) expressedly mentor two prvi, 4 Feedom of speech in Patient lieaton ofthe its proceedings ed ‘+ rigntof pul “¢Parllamentary privleges are based on 5 sources, «© Constitutional provisions Various aws made by Pariament Rules of both the Houses parliamentary conventions and Judiclal interpretations Soversienty of Parliament 4 soesignymeanste sure pow soe supa powa Gest ian swith the Meter hee ae no ep restriction ons «thoy anaunsition «iia armen on the oer hand cannot be (Bend afasoverin Soy in the sinir sense ‘Seneca eat esteonson author and edn rc wathin the 4) Joint Commitee onSalaes and Allowances of Member [Ad Hoe Commitee ‘© Ad Hoc Commitees can be divided into two cat- ‘gores, that Inquiry Committees and Advisory Committees. Financial Committees © Public ecounts Committee © Esimates Committee + Committee on Public Undertakings Public Accounts Commitee Set up in 1924 under the provisions of the Government ofinda Act af 1919, 1 Axpresentitconsistof22 members (15~Lok Sabha 187~ Rajya Sabha) ‘© Membersare elected according tothe principle of” ingtothe principle of” ‘proportional representation by means the sn transferable vote et Term of office ofthe members 3 year 1+ Minster camot be elected as» member committee Se + Commitee'schsirmanisap i apointed fom amongst, temembery hour ery te ren ofthe committe seca invari fom the Opposition, Ere Functions of Publ counts Commitee + Tocramine the annual audit annual aut eports ofthe Controle and Autor General fini (AS) + }esamine the appropriation counts & france acco ofthe ton ove + To eamine the accounts of sate corporations rating concerns and maura poeets nd the aut opr oF AG onthe + Yowamin the acontsof stonomautandsemi btonomeus bodies Tost 0461400970 Tuebl 452250123 Ramanathopurm 75509528 m 16 Madura 9843110566, =fT EEE AS Academy ‘+ Te eromine the money spent an any service In ‘ess ofthe amount ranted by the Lok Sabha Umitations of Pubic counts Commitee Conducts postmortem amination of acounte © Cannot interven inthe matters of dayto-dey dminitaton *# Recommendationsare advisory andnatindng on the mints ils not vested with he power of dllowance of expenditures by the department. 1 isnot oxecative Body and hence conetisue snorger Estimates Commitee 1 Const of 30 members Al the 30 members ae ‘rom toe Sabha ‘Members are laced bythe Lok aba seerding totheprincples of proportionalrepresentitionty means. ange transferable vate 4 Termofoffee is year ‘© Ministr cannot be lected 9¢ 8 member ofthe committee ‘© Chairman ofthe commitieeis appointed by the ‘Speake nail trom the rling party Funetions of Estimates Commitee ‘© Te examine the estate need inthe budget and suggest "economic n ube exper, Hence, described as “continuous economy ‘© To suggest alternative polices In oder to bing aout eeency and economy in administration ‘¢ To examine whether the money wel lid out within the limits of the policy implied In the Limitations of Estimates Committee ‘© It cannot question the pate lai down by the Patkament 1 tsrecommendations are advisory and net binging onthe ministres “\ f ‘© Itexamines every year ony cetairselected minisres ard departments ‘© Rs workisin the nature ofa pst mortar Committee on Public Undertakings Ts commltee was created Yga6e By th, ‘reommerdatncf eth Mepgconete ‘© committee has 22 members (35 from the Lok ‘Sabha and 7 rom the RoiyeSebha) 4 Members are elected by the principle of proportional representation by means of single transferable vote ‘+ Termofotfice ofthe members is year “¢Minister cannot be elected 2s 2 member ofthe committee ‘© Choieman of the committee is appointed by the Speaker rom the Lok Sabha ony Funatons of Public Undertakings Committee ‘4 To examine the reports and acounts of publ undertakings «1 xin tie eps fhe Compa nd Stor Gort ae ndeshgs nrc sh ee farts etd nthe Fe in conmtes an the eae publ few inrdatontopubleundeahgs mich Se ayes. ot mr everest plants aes oe aio ent fo BE of dy 3 sgt ye Contes of Pubile Undertakings Commitee et maetn1 rottakeupte efainaion oe anderings 2 8H nature ofa postartem areal fe Mattes: Lmitaton team to 12 publiew workin the 1+ 1 doesnot look inte tecnica matters as is rember ar ot techical experts «6 tsreconmmendtions are iso and ntbinding ‘onthe minsaes Departmental Standing Committees ‘+ Onthe recommendation of he Rules Comittee ofthe Lok Sabha, 17 Departmental ~ Rel Standing Commies (ORCS) wee setupin 2553 49200, 7 more were setup thus increasing thelr rumbet rom 17028 + Maincbjective ito secure more acountabity of the Ect the Pariament 1 EachStandingcommitee cons of 2 members (2h fem Lok Sa and 10 fro Rajya Sabha) 1+ Miniter isnot eligible to be nominated 36 3 rember of any of the standing committee, Tem fof ofeach standing commits 1 eat Functions ofeach Standing Commbtees + To Consider the demands for grants of the concerned munities / department before they Sr cused and voted nthe Lo Sabha = Report shoul net sogest arithing ofthe nature ‘ft Motions 1+ To examine bis pertaining tothe concerned rinses /deparments ‘© To consider annual reports of ministries / departments ‘+ Te consider national basi fon documents presented tothe Houses term policy 1+ shoul not consider the mates of day to day adminicraton ofthe concerned minsties / epertments ‘© Should not general consider heer whic beers a 'SINo] Nome ofthe Commitecs ‘commits on Hore Asie 3. |commites on Human Resource Development {4 [eommiteeon industry 5. _jcommites on scence & Technology, [Ewironmen & Forests 6. [committee on Tanspr, Tours & Clore 7 [committe on Healt and Family Welfare Commitee on Pesenne, Publ Grievances, Law & Justice [eparinent tnt Departmental standing Commivees under Lok Sabha 9. [committee on Agu 10, |comminee on information Technology 1. |commiiee on Detence 42, [committee on Enerey 13, [eomttee on Exeral Aas Pe [Commitee on Finance 15, Icommite on ood comune Aas & rubeDibuton 416. |conmitee on abour commits on Petroleum & Natural Gas Commitee on always 19, | committee on Ubon Development 18, 40. [oonmitee over tess Jae leit ce stra 2. conte sin Deen $a [comm clic 2. jennie sah dpi sto 4000970 Tunelvell 04622560123 Ramanathopuram 7550352916 Madural 3643110566 Deparimental standing Commites under Raya Sth ee ae ee pr os ce nem et ete =e Procedure followed In examining the bills ‘© Commitee shall consider the general princes aus of bil refered tit ‘= Committee shall consider only such bis 2s intoducedin ether ofthe Housesandreferadts rk ‘© committee shall ake report on bis in iven Mert of the Standing Commitioes 1 Their proceedings are devoid of any party bias 1 Procadufeadopted by them is more fsb tan ftneLoksabna ‘system mates parliamentary control over ‘executive much pore detalled close continuous, indepth and comprehensive aaa [Mites /Deputimens oval |eonmere and sty iHome ais, Development of Norhaster eon | oman Resource Development, Youth Ais & Sport Wea industries Smal cal, Ago & url Industries | sclnce and Technolgy, space arth cence, Atomic [Ee Ermer ees | cut aaton, shipping Road, cuture, Tourism | eth and Family Wetore |\2w asus, Percnne Pub Grievances & Pension J | grcuture, Food Processing Industries | communications and formation & soadcasing Detence New and Renewable Energy, Power ‘xtema fas, No Reskdent indian Afi Finance, Company fas Planing, Statistics & Programme msementation Consumer Afar, Food and Publ Distribution {aboursnd Employmont, Texte Petroleum and Natural Gas Urban Development, Houslng& Urban Poverty ‘levaton \ | | | | | | 1 | | ore nero | Ral Development, Panchayat aj | Costand Mines, stat Soca Justice and Empowerment, bal Aassystem ensures conemy and e ceapendture asthe ministries howbemer carefuin forme ciency npc partments would ing theledemands facta opporunitestost MPstopancnene understand Govt. functioning Pathe Opp Paes & Raya Saba cxecsing iran cont comes to Inquire + commiteean Petition + Bamins petition on bls and an mates of ener publ importance + commit of Pivieges ‘© Baines the cases of the House Play greater ole in breach of privileges of ‘© Functions ae Semi-udeal in nature ‘© Ethics Commitee © Examines the cases of misconduct. Enfrees the code of the eonduct of members of Parliament ‘© Engagedinmaintalnng sscipline end decorum inPatiament Committees to Serutinise And Control Committee on Governmental Assurances 1 Comittee on Subordinate Legislation ‘© Comittee on Papers Laid on the Table 1+ Commitee on Welfare of Ses and Se Committee on Empowerment of Women 4 Jcnt Commitee on Offices of Pott Committees Relating to the DayTo-Day Business OF ‘TheHouse © Business Advisory Committee Regulates Programme & time table ofthe House. tion andeficient management of wa- wth specialists of national & international baie, Contents forconseration and eflent manag ee {© Elster forums ter oa Scliecse circ eteal 4 Underaesichoteretadtakas mare jen ch ft 1 Toorgaize seminars /wotshopsto crete amare = Compostonaf the Forums Dou the causes and eect of label warm lamentary Forum on Youth nessa 1 Funeton ofthe llores Patent orm ne ingand cate change among the members ar Estblahmentof Forums clone lament 1 Tove focused deletions on steps tole- Management (205) ‘velopment iisties. warenes to prevent labs warming & clinate Patamentary Forum on Youth (200) change 4 Tobutdreateranarnessamongs public lades Pataentary Forum on Cite 2006) ndattegassrotsleeottnepoenilf youth -« Toundertkesuchotherrelatdtaskas toy deen ramen Forum on Population and Public foretfecing eco-econamie charge fe ean (a0) | + Tolteractonareglrbas with youth represen-pallamentary Forum on Disaster Management ‘© Puumestry Forum on abl Waming and C+” tates and leaders In order fo eter eZee eneiong mae change (200) therhopesastons concerns and pba. ne ato aster Marae ‘+ Patamentar Fru on Duster Management To comsider wars or improving Psiaments out. Euan Pontes ne ie one Mana feo reochto ferent sets of outhinordertore.___ ettandimake veges + PaisnéntaryFoumonActiansandCras people _inre theft and commitment ae (e013) * Pld comutatonswth oes aoa n°) sec aR! 8 eration! ees ternatonl academicians in reeling youth Patent Forum Miler Development frting ov Osaster Management to develop new fone poly inthe mater of out empowerment Rosner bean maracemen a ees jamentary Frum on Chron Obits fhe tums Paranal lel Yate «+ \oorente sents /workshopstocreste ana + Pre plano th mombtohve int Fins oe sg fest about te causes efecto aster Siegen the miners concerned ee n= te arany Raward, ica uel action ©, Set the ways of ivoving MPs to spend th the ew have ocd and meant MEE Ng Say a mere tere agement dhessiononcitliouswthareaigrited| * | ole a litera to Famers to ox * Toudeakesuhetbermlatedtstas my ten Soproschorspedngptheimletertation pr | \eNsnge Hes ens oe actees pail 7 ' lng to hte, setred manne, ratamentrForumon Asan & Craftupeole + Tosense members abut eke of pre NOU Mess, fgg ete, Functions em and ao about the pour ee sgt. JP Prope aahetarans an trace wth ily Ty enhance awareness & attention t Pathaner qupthem wihtblnetinortiton kohedee suey fr Nglghng hikes autsncaing, * oN ena eral ee ectny neh from pers SS) } Nmeeeieerevehninny secs mca andcome- Capeopete precrve& promote tad To prepare datas trouh Sidon of ats deat Snare tt © Toenabie Parlamentaiast lnterc wth spe cnailalisieston maestro 3 ptm to Paramentainst NGOs, newspapers UNS tenet inant wade orem rapats ane chongn ony sown express ena composton of the Forums and wend antes. strc manner though Worshep, Semin, + Spake oftok sath isthe exoficoPedentot 4 eunderateanythertss projets agnments alte forums cet the Frtaertan Ferm on "eas thereram ay ea To provide Patomertarian an interface wth <~ Papen ana rub Heath wher aes °F paamentar/FrumenPopuaon BP Heath cet orhhignngises nee cena fn + arte Fianna nant of maya Sate, the Deputy * TORE focused delberaons on steer zd maner wth various Union Minti * Damar Guia ff She te Dery ° Tytania saoeton ae maken et Sov Orpmlnr eta cot aoat et Spectr oftokSabha,theconcarnedsts and pected herent 4 Toho itogue and decison wth expert Ser ef eraica vie Mescrt of © Tdsiandprpesrepesoniesconem, Mater erate {herespecve Fors Ine pubcheath fatamentary Forum on Milenium Developme! fncrowmcinst nt noretin si menies * bul omrenintsecinstie se Sa Members oiated by the peatr/ Oks SEF ate gmrotiveepang_Fancons mrontomesdesctrous pola peesorther ube * Tormiew enhance awareness 8 attention Pe + Toho compenenve logue and de vere fated ‘Tominces who ove sec nowesge Tarmocorermanet don and dscusionin. ” tamonarans ovarscal ees onc he rtamentar/ForumenWatrComenatin Man Speastticnstonsacdmnerns natn wih ben earngonacheremer ont ee seemert tohoreinteracnswithmutistenlOganatens Unit Millenium Oevlopment Goals ~ Funatons Ime uno, Unted Naor eration Fund, cage. * 2 POvie a pltar to Parlamentarons icans and Got ogee conerea fine ids, views, eperencs, expert se percent ‘engi seminars workshops tocreateawareness ecient viaveet eset te Parlamentary Forum on Global Warming & Climate change Functions | Toienty problems reltingtoobl warning and late change and make suggestions true an ‘tent of etaba warming . ‘+ Toldentiy the ways of loving MPs to interact lroplement them ina strctured manne th Workshops, Seminar ete To rovide Parliamentarians an ntertace wth! society for highlighting sue, ‘enable pariamentarans to intros inn {wtlonaied manner with special UN Age Tounderiake anyother Tass, Pees, assem ‘tet the Forum may deems feUnion Executive # Arle 21078, Party ‘+ Consists of President, Vice Presi Miniter, Counel of ministers & Ato finda President 1+ Head of indian state 4+ steitizen of iia Union Executive President * Tofaithuly, execute the ofce + Topresere,protectand defend the Cons- tution andthe aw To devote himself tothe service and well being ofthe people of India ‘+ Administered by Chief ustie of in (or) Senior Most udge ident, Prime ney general + Symbol of unity, Integrity & solidarity of Conlon of resident’ office Ar 59) tmenation, ‘content ‘section ofthe President ‘© Qualifications, O3th and Conditions ‘© Term Impeachment and Vacancy, Powers and Functions of the President Constitutional Peston of the President . [ection of President ‘ected members of (art 4) (© both houses of pariament 1 Leghltive assemblies of union tert and Pondichery. (70th Amendment), ‘Should not be 2 member of either House of Patament ora House of state legislature, Shouldnot hold any other ace of oft Entitled, without payment of rent, to use Rastrapath Bhavan ‘© Entitled to such emoluments, allowances and Drivilages determined by Priament In 2008, Parliament increased sslary of the President fem SOkto 15 lnk month 1 During his term, hes immune fam any rnin proceedings. Cannot be srested Legislative assembles ofthe states end 1+ Antorgiing2 months notice, cil proceadings can vesor beni BESS Ais im ‘Term of office (are 6) Five year ‘© Nominated members [Art 55) do not the election of resident, Cleulation of no.0f Votes Value of vote ofan MLA = ota Popultion of sate | MU participatein ‘by resignation etter to Vice-President. ‘can be removed by impeachment (ft 63) ‘Also elle for reelection tothe offi (ar 7) May be eleces for ary numb of terms In USA aperson cannot be lected to office of the President more than eles io Total value of votes of mesehment (Ar. 6. MUR of alsttes __® Impeachment for ‘lain ofthe Gonstuton Value of voteofan MP.» Totalnumber of elected Charges can bejntited by elther House of members of palment Heer cvcts = Tei @) Pariament signed by 144h member ofhoue test mote ot igslied loa eae nics gen pent D's ‘a atter passa@by 2/3) majority of total {| membership ofthe notsednd passed to ancther «Proportional representation | { Ye UR rch insert shoud be ed and 5 symenseinlevnstastvte Yet 28 sa ecm tn “|S. President has right to appearand tobe represented + tmurtecre about mjpeg} aes meson & bisputes regarding eeton tured igh and» other House sso pastes impeacheent eeaedbysopreme cour vores fa. "han then Peet removes cuaeston ar 8) No president cemoved he © Have completed 35 yoars of age. 1 shoud be a tien of india Nominated members of either houses of parlomentpertkipate impeachment. Elected members af legislative assembles of Should be qualified for election as armember of * ta and union teritoriesof Delhi & Pndichery Cae donot partipat. ‘© Should not hold any office of profit so Nomination ofa candidate © Onexpiny of his tenure of fv years «© Must be subscribed by atleast 5O electors 25 6 yresgnation proposers and 50 electors as seconders Sf ree dimveediel «Make asecurty depost of 35,000'NRB. By death ‘uaiication fr Election as Present 1 Should be a itien of Inds ‘© should have completed 35 years of 26 © Should be qualified for election 3 ‘the Lok Sabha | + Should not hold any offie of prot + Must be subscribed by at least $0 proposes and $0 as seconders ‘every candidate as to make asec 15000 nthe RI 1» seaurty deposi rozecure 16" of votes pale’ Oath are 60) © President swears, ortled inate the cancaate When the becomes asqualifid to hold office or his elections declared vid ‘¢ ection to fil vacaney must be held before the ‘expiration ofthe term ‘+ any delay in conducting section, the outgoing president continvesto hod ofce. Vie President oes nt get opportunity as resident) - Art 2 lector 8% ye Present as President -Art 63 ‘= Hf vacaney occurs de to resignation, removal ot itydepost of geath, Vice President act asthe President & ‘ection shouldbe eld within si months. ls & inthe absence of President due to ilness or any other eaute, Vice President discharges the futons of Presiden. ‘+H office of Vice President vacant, Chie Justice 3 member of DEE 8S Academy of Supreme Court acts as President POWERS & FUNCTIONS Content: = Brecutive Powers Lesisiatve Powers Financial Powers © Judi Powers ‘© Pardoning Power ‘© Military Powers ‘+ Emergency Powers © VetoPower 1 Ordnance aking Power 4. Brecutivepowers 1A erecutive ations of Got. of na are formally taken in hie name. Appoints Prime str: &other ministers & they hol fice during pleasure 1 Appoint Attorney = aneral of India, Comptrol 8 Auditor Generel Chie-Eecton Commissioner ‘other commissioners, Chalman & members of UPSC, Governors of states, Charman & members of Finance Commision. + can appoint commision to investigate into ‘ondtions of ess and ORC. ‘© Conappont ter tate Counaltopromate Centre: Sate Inter State Co-operation, jay administers union esitores can declare ny area as, scheduled area & has powers to Baminsterthace seas. 2 Lepislave powers ‘© Gan summon or prorogue the parliament & {ssoue the Lok sabha, ‘can summon a joint siting of both houses of patlamaent presided by Speaker of ok eabha 1 Aadaeessas the parament atthe commencement of fist sesion after each general lection & frst session ofeach yeoe. ‘© Can appoint any member of Loksabha to preside hen speaker 8 deputy speaker falls vacant. ‘© Can appoint any member of Rajya sabha to preside when Chakrman and deputy chairman fall Nominates 12 members to Rajyasatina Nominates 2 member to Loksabha.fom Anglo Ingian Community ‘© Required recommendation introduce certain 5 bil in parliament. (as involving. expenditure from consolidated fund of India, of bill for aitertion of boundris of states or eeation of newts) Finandal powers Money Bill can be introduced only with his ecommendtion, Lays Anal Final Statement (Union Budget) No Demand for grand without his recommendation, Can make advances cut of contingency fund of India to meet any unforeseen expenitre. Constitutes france commision for every ve years. Judea Powers Appoint chiet justice and Judges of Supreme Court & high Cour. Can seek sic from supreme court &theadvice tendered by supreme our snot binding the president Pardoning power © Ate 72 of India iis offices vacant, Senior most sudge # Article 72: Empowers the President to grant So aM aaa reece aEEA Ein, onveted of any offence inal ates where the * Punishment orsenenc efron offence ans Union Law ae '* Punishment or sentence ie by court mati {etry cour) Sentence isa sentence of death Pardoning power ofthe President is independent ‘ofthe udiciary & isan exzcutive power ‘The object of conferring ths power isto coret _anylutial errs and elt fomazentence, which ‘the President regards as und harsh ‘Pardon -removes sentence and Punishment Commutation - substitution tooneform of punishment Remission - reducing the period of sentence © Respite = awarding case ‘sentence in special fet Reprieve - stayofexteution ‘© Aatclo 161: Governor ofa State ato possesses the pardoning power down by Supreme Court under dt. ‘© tion formercyhasn ight to an orl hearing bythe President ‘+ He can examine evidence afresh & take a view diferent rom view ten by court ‘© Power's tobe exercised by the President om the advice ofthe union cabinet ‘+ President itnot bound to gv reasons for his order ‘© President afford relief nor ony from 2 sentence but also from an evident mistake '* No need for Supreme Court to tell specifi ‘gullies or exercise of Presidents power ‘© Exarse of power not subject judi review except ts arbitrary rational, mala fide {+ Once mercy peton rejected bythe Present, stay cannot be obtained by fling another itary Powers ‘Supreme Commande of defence, ‘Appois cits ot army, Now Arforce) Decar war or conchae peafe Emergency powers ‘\ } reset Financial Emergency, 7 \ \¥e ‘woaetion oni Quoted veto ‘verrdden by Legislature by higher majority Indian President Has3.Veto 1) Absolute veto 1) Suspensive veto i) Pocket veto © usted vets only for Us President Presidential Veto over State Legislation ‘+ President has veto power with respect to State Legislation ‘© Bl passed by a tate legislature can become an actonl when receives assent of Gavernororthe President if reserved forthe Consideration) © Hecanghehisassent 1 Hemay witha his assent © Hemay etuin te bill ‘6 He may eserve the bil for the consideration of ‘the President (under Ace 20, resident not bound to glehisassentto the il) 9. Ordinancemaking power (© Atle 123 ‘+ Te deal wth unforeseen or urgent matters ‘© Can promulgate only when both houses of paoment ace notin sesion. ‘+ Can make an ordnance only when President is sated that ceumetances ext Ordinance can be issued ony on sbieets that Parken can mae ws & it cannot takeaway any te fundamental rights ‘© Should be laid before both houses when’ it reassemble, approved becomes act ‘© 1 parliament takes no ation Brdnance ceases tw opeate on expiry af 58 weeks rm resesembly of parame onstutina Porton a Prsdent + pNopjfalewethe ) § of Red Exacstvts Counch of Minigters handed by- | Prime Winston . “ad es Ft A ee a c= ecole of renewed Pa cE dsaketneren Sheed: lcs poner ofthe Union talbe rete sale tered bynes LUst of President in india Rajendra Prasad an 26, 1950- May 13,1962 > rect oF trough oficers subordinate ti ‘+ Article 74: There shal bea couloir way, PM at the head to ald and advise the Presiden 1+ Antcle75:Counciofminster:shallbe collet, responsible othe Lak Sabha ‘© 44th Amendment President may return mate, ‘once for reconsideration for his minster, by reconsidered advice maybe binding. 1+ 1997 Cabinet recommended president RNarayanan toimpose President's rulein Ur resident returmedto cabinet for reconsderaon which then decid not to move ahead inte Discretionary Powers ‘+ Aapointment of rime Minstor when nopanyhay clear majontyin the LokSabhaor when thePrine Minster in office dies suddenly & no obvious, + Dismissal ofthe counclof ministers when teannet, prove the confidence ofthe Lok Sabha ‘+ Dissolution ofthe Lok Sabha ifthe coun of ministers has lostits majority Notes 4 resident and Vice President election act 1982 ‘amend in 1957 ‘© Rajendra Prasad has occupied the office fr to fms 1 Dczakir Hussain, Fktyuddn All Ahmed have det 4st President longest tenure President's rule Veto power : Veto sa Latin term for “forbid” ‘il passdb the Palament can become an act ony ift receives the President's assent ‘Sarvepal Radhakrishnan May 13, 1962: May 13, 1967 1st Vice President tobe President “aki Homain ‘May 13, 2967 May 13, 1969 ‘Shortest term (1st Musim President) Died in ofce ‘+ Threealtematives when bill pesentedtothe [7 President (under Atel 113) ‘© Hemay give his assent tothe bil ‘© Hemay withhold his asset to the bl ‘# Hemayretumthebil (nota Money il) stinker president {Ge justice of nda tobe Present wer ‘May 3, 1969-1ly 20,1068 Minidyatuah aly 70,1965 Ragu 24,1968 wera ‘Angus 36, 1965 August 4, 1578 Two ties President (independent candidate) for reconsideration. f bil passed again, [= ‘the President must give hisassentto the ti Fahiredn Ahmed ‘August 24, 1974 Feb 11,177 Diedin offs erat Feb 1, 1977 ay S077 2nd interim president 1# Veto power can be classified into the [6 fellowing four types: 1L Absolute veto 7 Baling ‘Neelam Sajeev Reddy Tely 25, 397 jy 25, ase Youngest president (ym) Isto select unopposed asa July 25, 3982-hiy 25,1987 [Tat Sth president sees 3 R verkataman duly 25, 1987-ly 25,1992 | Oldest President OVO) Same 3._Be Sankar Dayl Sharma | July 35,1960 ay 25,1957 1. dosounevets TORR Narayan ‘uly 25, 2997-1 25,2002 | In balk Present © ited bi aesent De APs;Abdultalam [iy 25, 2002p 25,2007 [it Sent tbe PRBGOTE | 2 Spent gy entry [EFS ‘tly 25, 2007ay 25,2012 [ast Women preddene > [lv 25, 2012-4 25, 2017 ist Bengal president 3, Pocket veto Tay 25, ura Bhd Dak president ee