Introduction to the Committee: a collective defense response to threats to

The UN Futuristic General Assembly is a and violations of peace.

body that deals with immediate and
long-term crises. It may vary from present Self Defense: The inherent right of a State
day, to futuristic, and from fiction to to use force in response to an armed attack
nonfiction. It shifts in its purpose but or breaches of sovereignty.
always remains unique whether you are
allotted countries or made to step into the Preemptive Self Defense: An attack
shoes of specific ministries; every person initiated by one state on the basis of
in the committee will have to show unique undeniable evidence that an enemy attack
creativity and adaptability to excel in the is imminent.
Futuristic General Assembly. This year at
ACMUN, UNFGA will be a rolling crisis Responsibility to Protect (R2P): The
committee throughout the 4 days of global principle that nations have an
debate. obligation to protect their populations
against genocide, war crimes, ethnic
Introduction to the topic: cleansing, and crimes against humanity,
The UN charter Article 51, the and that the international community must
Responsibility to Protect, Collective assist if necessary. It came forth as a result
Security and other International Security of the 2005 World Summit where all UN
Measures, continues to be a debatable member states ratified all three pillars of
topic in the contemporary world. These the R2P.
legal documents serve as means of the
maintenance of peace and security in the UN Charter Article 51: The Article
international community however the present in chapter VII of the UN charter
mandate these work upon has been which deals with the right of a member
questioned time and again, ranging from state to initiate self defense or collective
under which circumstances these may be self-defense in case of an armed attack
invoked to ‘how’ these documents are to against it.
be invoked.

Key Terms and Definitions:

Armed Attack: An intentional

intervention in or against another state UN Charter Article 51
without that state's consent or subsequent
approval, which is not legally justified.
The Article 51 of the UN Charter deals
with measures with regards to threats to
Collective Security: It is a political,
peace, breaches of the Peace, and Acts of
regional, or global security arrangement in
Aggression between member states. It
which each state in the system
precisely states: ‘Nothing in the present
acknowledges that the security of one is
Charter shall impair the inherent right
the concern of all and, as a result, agrees to
of individual or collective self-defense if
an armed attack occurs against a
Member of the United Nations, until the Iran (Oil Platforms Dispute):
Security Council has taken measures
necessary to maintain international The case concerned a dispute between Iran
peace and security. Measures taken by and USA regarding the destruction of the
Members in the exercise of this right of Iranian Oil Production Platforms in the
self-defense shall be immediately gulf by the American Navy which
reported to the Security Council and interrupted Iranian Oil Production for
shall not in any way affect the authority several years. The USA argued that the
and responsibility of the Security American warships attacked Iranian
Council under the present Charter to Commercial Oil Harbors as it was acting
take at any time such action as it deems in ‘self-defense’ after Iran placed sea
necessary in order to maintain or mines and fired rockets against
restore international peace and commercial vessels carrying the US flag. It
security.’ It provides member states with was now up to the ICJ to decide whether a
the fundamental right of self-defense in single attack against a warship amounts to
case another member state violates its an armed attack and whether collective but
sovereignty. minor incidents of armed force also
amount to an armed attack. In its decision,
the ICJ recognised the possibility that the
mining of a single military vessel might be
Case Studies enough to bring into play the inherent right
of self-defense, hence ruling in favor of
the USA.
Nicaragua (vs USA):
Russian Ukraine Conflict:
In 1986, the Republic of Nicaragua
claimed that the USA had supplied In February 2022, Russia initiated a
weapons and training to a rebel group in Russian claimed ‘Special Military
order to attack Nicaragua’s Government. Operation’ within Ukraine. It claimed that
The USA argued that it was acting in it was acting in Collective Self defense and
collective self defense, favoring in accordance with Article 51 of the UN
Nicaragua’s neighboring States, which charter since the Ukrainian Government
Nicaragua had attacked. An appeal was had made use of armed force against the
made by Nicaragua to the International Luhansk and Donetsk Republics and that
Court of Justice (ICJ) in which the court these two Republics had themselves turned
ruled that an ‘armed attack’ did not occur, to Russia with a request for help. Ukraine
but instead logistical support was provided on the other hand, recognised Russian
to rebels by a third state. Even though the actions as an ‘armed attack’ and also acted
court found the USA to be guilty, it ruled in self-defense against Russian military
that self defense cannot be exercised in forces within its borders. Russia also
this case because an ‘armed attack’ simply claimed that its military involvement was
did not occur. justified as means of self defense against
NATO which constituted a ‘threat’ to invoked under 6 criteria established by the
Russian borders. International Commission on Intervention
and State Sovereignty (ICISS):

1. There must be an occurrence or

imminent likelihood of large scale
loss of lives or ethnic cleansing.
Responsibility to Protect (R2P) 2. The intention behind the military
intervention must be primarily
The Responsibility to Protect - known as humanitarian.
R2P - is an international norm that seeks to 3. Military intervention must be a
ensure that the international community matter of last resort and other
never again fails to halt the mass atrocity peaceful prevention measures must
crimes of genocide, war crimes, ethnic be exhausted.
cleansing and crimes against humanity. It 4. Military intervention must be
came into being in response to the failure carried out in proportional means
to adequately respond to mass atrocities which indicates that the amount in
committed in Rwanda and the former which military is used must be
Yugoslavia during the 1990s. It was equal or proportional to the amount
unanimously adopted in 2005 at the UN of lives which are to be saved.
World Summit and is based on three pillars 5. There must be a reasonable chance
of responsibility: of success to prevent suffering via
military intervention.
Pillar One: Every state has the 6. It must be carried out by the right
Responsibility to Protect its populations authority, namely the Security
from four mass atrocity crimes: genocide, Council.
war crimes, crimes against humanity and
ethnic cleansing.

Pillar Two: The wider international Case Studies

community has the responsibility to
encourage and assist individual states in
meeting their responsibility. Libya:

Pillar Three: If a state is manifestly In response to a popular uprising in

failing to protect its populations, the February 2011, Muammar Qaddafi's
international community must be prepared government in Libya began a brutal
to take appropriate collective action, in a crackdown. Over several weeks, the
timely and decisive manner and in Libyan government used military forces
accordance with the UN Charter. and tanks to attack civilians and rebel
forces in the besieged cities of Benghazi,
Even though military intervention may be Misrata, and other locations, resulting in
authorized under the R2P, it is to be an estimated 500–700 civilian deaths. The
UN Security Council (UNSC) adopted (MINUSCA). According to the Office of
resolutions 1970 and 1973 in response to the UN High Commissioner for Human
these attacks, invoking the Responsibility Rights (OHCHR), two CPC-affiliated
to Protect and approving the use of force armed groups, the Union for Peace in
to protect populations. Subsequently, a CAR(UPC) and the Popular Front for the
NATO-led alliance conducted air strikes Renaissance of the Central African
against military targets that posed a severe Republic, have also perpetrated systematic
threat to civilians. After several months of and widespread conflict-related sexual
intense fighting, Tripoli fell to the rebels violence, including rape, gang rape and
and the Qaddafi government collapsed in sexual slavery.
August 2011.
The UN Security Council, as a result
Since the overthrow of Qaddafi’s adopted SC resolution 2127 alongside 11
government, transitional governing bodies other resolutions granting authorization to
have failed to restore stability to the French and African Union (AU) forces to
country and multiple UN-facilitated peace take ‘all necessary measures’ to protect
processes have stalled. Throughout Libya’s civilians and restore security. These
conflicts, armed militias have committed resolutions also adopted other measures
extrajudicial killings, torture, abductions such as imposing an arms embargo and
and have indiscriminately attacked civilian establishing a UN commission of Inquiry.
areas. Nearly a decade of fighting left over Following government counter offensives,
270,000 people internally displaced and some armed groups have scattered to
900,000 in need of humanitarian distant villages and regions of the nation
assistance. where they are committing grave
violations of international humanitarian
Central African Republic (CAR): law (IHL) and human rights, including
extortion, threats, and violent retaliation
For two years a loose alliance of predatory against local populations. Since April
armed groups, known as the Coalition of 2022, attacks by armed groups have
Patriots for Change (CPC), have engaged increased, according to the UN
in a violent offensive against the Independent Expert on the Situation of
government of the Central African Human Rights in CAR, particularly in
Republic (CAR). While fighting regions of the northeast and northwest
government forces since December 2020, where security forces are less visible or
the CPC and other armed groups have completely absent. Additionally, the 3R
attacked civilians and violated (Retour, Réclamation et Réhabilitation)
international humanitarian law (IHL) armed group is said to have significantly
frequently against local populations, increased the presence of explosive
including by killing and kidnapping ordnance in the west in 2022, causing
civilians, enlisting children as soldiers casualties among civilians and
against their will, and carrying out attacks peacekeepers.
on civilian infrastructure, aid workers, and
the UN peacekeeping mission in CAR
Syria: Humanitarian Law, but violated the
Chemical Convention ratified by the
Over the last nine years, Syria has been in Syrian government that promised to not
constant conflict. Five million people have use its chemical weapons under any
fled Syria as refugees, and seven million circumstances. Despite repeated
people have been internally displaced as a assurances that Syria had no role in these
result of the conflict there. The attacks, the case was brought forth to the
International Syria Support Group (ISSG), Security Council via a resolution which
the UN, European Union, League of Arab called for military intervention under R2P
States, and other nations had agreed to and Syrian leader Bashar al Assad to be
meet to discuss the situation at hand in prosecuted in the International Criminal
order to help put an end to these atrocities. Court (ICC). This resolution however, was
It was determined that in order to assist vetoed by the Russian Federation hence
those in need, both a nationwide cessation hindering the Security Council’s ability to
of hostilities and the full implementation take necessary measures.
of UN Security Council Resolution 2254,
which increased the delivery of Burundi:
humanitarian aid, were necessary. The The country of Burundi is at grave risk for
Human Rights Council-mandated a possible civil war, if violence is not
Commission on Inquiry has concluded that stopped. The civilians of Burundi face the
the Syrian government engaged in massive serious and imminent risk of mass
massacres, war crimes, and flagrant atrocities due to the ongoing political
violations of international humanitarian violence that threatens the stability of
law as a matter of state policy while Burundi. The citizens of Burundi are being
cooperating with allied militias. According harmed through mass atrocity crimes due
to the third report of the Commission of to targeted killings, widespread violations
Inquiry, the government had engaged in and abuses of human rights. Violence had
extermination, murder, rape and other increased after President Pierre Nkurnziza
sexual violence, torture, incarceration, had announced he was seeking a third term
forced disappearance, and other inhumane in the country’s elections, and instructed
deeds. The UN Human Rights Council has his citizens to disarm or face action by
adopted at least 16 different resolutions in Burundian Security forces and be labeled
response to this statement regarding the enemies of the nation. The Office of the
atrocities occurring in Syria. Humanitarian High Commissioner for Human Rights
aid hasn't always been successful in reports cases of sexual violence by
getting to the affected populations, despite security forces, hate speech, and
all the efforts and resolutions that have incitement to violence by some
been passed to support R2P. government officials.

In 2013, the Syrian government allegedly The International Community, in response

used chemical weapons against its own to the ongoing unrest, adopted Security
population in the region of Damascus Council Resolution 2279 and Resolution
killing more than 1400 people. This not 2303 which called upon a UN Police Force
only was against International to be established in Burundi in order to
maintain peace and eliminate mass upon the Genocide Convention, but Article
atrocities. The UN Police force, however, 51 of the UN charter.
has been rejected by Burundi.

Russia Ukraine Conflict:

The Russian President Vladmir Putin, as a Collective Security

justification for its military action in
Ukraine, claimed that the Ukrainian North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
Government had committed genocide and
(NATO):
war crimes against ethnic Russians in
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Crimea, Luhansk and Donetsk People’s
(NATO) also called the North Atlantic
Republics. It also argued that Ukrainian
Alliance, is an intergovernmental military
commitment of genocide was in violation
alliance between 30 member states – 28
of the Genocide Convention of 1948
European and two North American. After
ratified by Ukraine and it was Russia’s
World War II the North Atlantic Treaty
Responsibility to protect the population of
was put into effect by the organization,
LPR and DPR against the Ukrainian
which was signed in Washington, D.C., on
Government.
April 4, 1949. It is based on the principle
of Collective self defense established in
Pertaining to Article 36 of the ICJ statute,
the UN charter Article 51 and in Article 5
neither Russia nor Ukraine have publicly
of the Washington Treaty requiring
acknowledged their acceptance of the ICJ's
member states to come to the aid of any
mandatory jurisdiction. Therefore, the
member state subject to an armed attack.
Genocide Convention, which both Russia
Case Studies
and Ukraine have ratified, is the only
source of the ICJ's authority in the Ukraine
case. State parties are required to stop Bosnia and Herzegovina
genocide and punish those who do, and the
Court is given jurisdiction over The Bosnian War began in 1992, as a
disagreements between parties regarding result of the Breakup of Yugoslavia. The
how the Convention should be deteriorating situation led to Security
"interpreted, applied, or fulfilled." Ukraine Council Resolution 816 on 9 October
appealed to the ICJ claiming that Russia 1992, ordering a no-fly zone over central
has falsely accused Ukraine of committing Bosnia and Herzegovina, which NATO
Genocide and war crimes and Russian began enforcing on 12 April 1993 with
military intervention was not justified. The Operation Deny Flight. Operation Sharp
ICJ ruled in favor of Ukraine calling upon Guard added maritime implementation of
Russia to immediately suspend all military the arms embargo and economic sanctions
operations in Ukraine. The Russian against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Federation however argued that the ICJ from June 1993 to October 1996.
has no jurisdiction over the matter and that Infringing on the no-fly zone, four Bosnian
its military intervention was not based Serb aircraft were shot down by NATO on
February 28, 1994, marking the terms of an international peace plan on 3
organization's first combat action. June 1999, ending the Kosovo War. On 11
June, Serbia further accepted UN
After the Srebrenica genocide, Operation resolution 1244, under the mandate of
Deliberate Force, a two-week NATO which NATO then helped establish the
bombing campaign against the Army of Kosovo Force (KFOR) peacekeeping
the Republika Srpska, started in August force.
1995. Additional NATO airstrikes
contributed to the Dayton Agreement in The US, the UK, and most other NATO
November 1995, which put an end to the countries opposed efforts to require the
Yugoslav Wars. As a result of this UN Security Council to approve NATO
agreement, NATO sent out IFOR, a military strikes, such as the action against
peacekeeping force with a UN mandate, as Serbia in 1999, while France and some
part of Operation Joint Endeavor. In this others claimed that the alliance needed UN
peacekeeping mission, forces from approval. The US/UK side argued that this
non-NATO nations joined nearly 60,000 would weaken the alliance's authority and
NATO troops. pointed out that China and Russia would
have used their Security Council vetoes to
Kosovo prevent the attack on Yugoslavia and could
do the same in other conflicts where
The United Nations Security Council NATO intervention was necessary,
passed Resolution 1199 on September 23, negating the entire potential and purpose
1998, calling for a ceasefire in an effort to of the organization.
stop the Serbian-led campaign against
separatists of the Kosovo Liberation Army Afghanistan
and Albanian civilians in Kosovo. On
March 23, 1999, US Special Envoy For the first time in the history of the
Richard Holbrooke's negotiations came to alliance, NATO invoked Article 5 of the
an end. He turned the situation over to NATO Charter following the September 11
NATO, which on March 24, 1999, began a attacks in the United States. According to
78-day bombing campaign. The military the Article, any attack on one member will
prowess of what was then the Federal be seen as an attack on all. On October 4,
Republic of Yugoslavia was the focus of 2001, NATO determined that the attacks
"Operation Allied Force." During the did, in fact, qualify under the terms of the
crisis, NATO also sent the ACE Mobile North Atlantic Treaty, and this confirmed
Force (Land), one of its international the invocation. Operation Eagle Assist and
response units, to Albania to provide aid to Operation Active Endeavour, a naval
refugees from Kosovo. operation in the Mediterranean Sea
designed to stop the movement of
The campaign received criticism for the terrorists or weapons of mass destruction
civilian casualties it caused, including the and to improve shipping security
bombing of the Chinese embassy in generally, were two of NATO's eight
Belgrade, as well as for its legitimacy. The official responses to the attacks. Both
Serbian President finally accepted the
operations got underway on October 4, Afghan government have been dubbed by
2001. some politicians in NATO member states
as the worst failure of the alliance since its
The alliance demonstrated its cohesion founding.
when, on April 16, 2003, it decided to
assume command of the International
Security Assistance Force (ISAF), which
was made up of soldiers from 42 different Collective Security Treaty
nations. The Netherlands and Germany, Organization (CSTO):
who were leading ISAF at the time of the
agreement, requested the decision, and all The Collective Security Treaty
nineteen NATO ambassadors unanimously Organization (CSTO) is an
agreed. It was the first time in NATO's intergovernmental military alliance in
history that it assumed command of a Eurasia consisting of six post-Soviet
mission outside the North Atlantic region states: Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan,
when control was transferred to NATO on Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Tajikistan.
August 11. Similar to Article 5 of the North Atlantic
Treaty, Article 4 of the Collective Security
In order to enable the establishment of the Treaty (CST) establishes that an
Afghan Transitional Administration led by aggression against one signatory would be
Hamid Karzai, ISAF was initially tasked perceived as an aggression against all. The
with securing Kabul and the surrounding CSTO charter reaffirmed the desire of all
areas from the Taliban, al Qaeda, and participating states to abstain from the use
faction warlords. The UN Security Council or threat of force and signatories are
gave the go-ahead for the ISAF mission to prohibited from joining other military
be expanded across the entire country of alliances.
Afghanistan in October 2003, and ISAF
carried out this authorization in four main Operations:
stages. A US-led anti-terrorism coalition
handed over military operations in the On 6 October 2007, CSTO members
southern part of Afghanistan to the ISAF agreed to a major expansion of the
on July 31, 2006. In order to support the organization that would create a CSTO
alliance's efforts, France permitted the peacekeeping force that could deploy
movement of a squadron of Mirage 2000 under a U.N. mandate or without one in its
fighter/attack aircraft into the region, to member states. All members would be able
Kandahar, in 2011. This was done because to buy Russian weapons at the same price
of the severity of the fighting in the south. as Russia as a result of the expansion.The
CSTO, consequently sent 2,000 of its
NATO during its 2012 Chicago Summit, peacekeepers to Kazakhstan in January
endorsed a plan to end the Afghanistan 2022.
War and withdraw the NATO-led ISAF
Forces by the end of December 2014. The On 4 February 2009, an agreement to
chaotic withdrawal of Western troops from create the Collective Rapid Reaction Force
Afghanistan and the subsequent fall of the
was reached by five of the seven members, Since its inception in 2001, the SCO has
with plans finalized on 14 June. The force mainly focused on regional security issues,
will be used to repulse military aggression, its fight against regional terrorism, ethnic
carry out anti-terrorist operations, combat separatism and religious extremism. To
global crime and drug trafficking, and date, the SCO’s priorities also include
mitigate the effects of natural disasters. regional development.
Belarus and Uzbekistan initially refrained
from signing on to the agreement. Belarus The SCO has been an observer in the UN
did so because of a trade dispute with General Assembly since 2005. In April
Russia, and Uzbekistan due to general 2010, the UN and SCO Secretariats signed
concerns. Belarus signed the agreement a Joint Declaration on Cooperation. SCO
the following October, while Uzbekistan Secretariat has also established
has never done so. partnerships with the UN Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO), the World Tourism
Organization (UNWTO), and the
Shanghai Cooperation Organization
International Organization for Migration
(SCO)
(IOM), in addition to its ongoing
cooperation with the UN Office on Drugs
The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
and Crime (UNODC), United Nations
(SCO) is a Eurasian political, economic,
Economic and Social Commission for Asia
International security and defense
and the Pacific (ESCAP) and the UN
organization. It is the world's largest
Office on Counter-Terrorism (UNOCT).
regional organization in terms of
geographic scope and population, covering
approximately 60% of the area of Eurasia,
40% of the world population, and more
than 30% of global GDP.

Its members include India, China, Russia,

Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan,
Tajikistan and Uzbekistan standing upon
the principles of mutual security and
collective self defense.

Operations:

In October 2007, the SCO signed an

agreement with the Collective Security
Treaty Organization (CSTO), in the Tajik
capital, to broaden cooperation on issues
such as security, crime, and drug
trafficking.
 spy after they have been
Rules of Procedure located.

(Crisis) ➢ Protection Directive

● This can create a protection
detail around a delegate or a
member state protecting
Note: FGA will be a rolling
them from assassination
crisis committee; the committee attempts and attempted
will generally be revolving murder. And may save their
around the topic, but the Dais lives.
will be giving crisis updates in
➢ Action Directive
order to give direction to the ● This may be used for
debate. anything, from murder and
assassinations to building
weapons and preparing
militaries, this can be used
for any matter.
Private Directives
Private Directives are used to carry out
secret and confidential activities. Private
Directives are usually addressed to “My Sample Private Directive:
Confidante” and can be used to influence
crisis updates throughout the session. They Governmental Revolution
can be used for framing, bribery or other From: (Your Country/Ministry)
activities that delegates want carried out
without the public gaining knowledge of O Confidante,
them. (Note: There is no difference
between Private Directives and Crisis The following task that I am to bestow
Notes in this Committee) upon you is one of immense importance
and should be done in complete secrecy.
All matters of this should remain
There are 3 types of private directives that confidential. In case of leakage of any
may be used: minimal detail, you shall face dire
consequences. This message is written to
➢ Information Directive: you in flash paper and it will burn once
● This directive is used to you have read and understood all of the
locate confidantes or spies directions very carefully.
in the embassies or
organizations of other We are going to launch the revolution
states, this may then be according to the following plan:
used to extract information
or feed information to the
Firstly, the day before the revolution, using public to be safe, to stop protesting, or
the bakeries we have acquired you will even to get involved with the crisis
poison the bread with ricin oil distributed somehow.
for the police force so that most of them
are unable to operate the next day. The Sample Press Release:
next day, referring to our directives on the
emergency signals, these are supposed to Press Release
be known by all of the republican soldiers,
as well as the places where the weapons Signatories: Pakistan, China, Chad
are hidden all over the capital. We will
then be able to launch the revolution Headline: The Truth has been revealed
within a few dozen minutes, so that the
local police forces will not have time to After an investigation lasting several
respond. months, our intelligence agency has found
Out of the 10,000 armed men at our conclusive proof connecting a foreign
disposal, we will send 2,000 men to storm agent to the recent attacks within our
the National Assembly building from the 3 country. Voice recordings, letters and the
public entrances, and 100 men from the testimony of several eyewitnesses proved
secret Catacomb passage, while the others our suspicions and clearly pointed to the
will occupy other parts of the city, as was agent as the main planner and perpetrator
previously planned, with the other of the recent bomb attacks.
Republican leaders.
We clearly specify that the members of the In accordance with the new information
Cabinet should be made prisoners to be that came to light, the agent will be tried
judged, so as to reduce the opposition to and sentenced accordingly. International
the very minimum time for us to set up the law regarding their treatment and custody
republican institutions. They should not be will be followed and after the authorities
killed nor be allowed to flee. The reach a decision, the evidence will be
revolutionary army then will bring them to revealed to the public. We hope this
the main Parisian prison and hold them development can serve as a warning to our
hostage until any further orders. enemies and all those plotting against us.

Press Releases
Public Directives
Press Releases are used by blocs or While Private Directives are how you take
individuals to inform “the public” in the individual action, Public Directives are
crisis about certain facts, or to spread how you take committee action, instead of
misinformation about the ongoing crisis. long-form resolutions. Do note that unlike
Often, delegates may use these to try to draft resolutions, Public Directives DO
influence public opinion against certain NOt have a strict format which is to be
plans to help their own, to encourage the followed.
 Please note that the Committee will be
Sample Public Directive: following HMUN 2021 Rules of
Procedures.
Public Directive 1.1
Link:
Signatories: Pakistan, India, Russia,
France, Iran, Afghanistan, Israel, UAE https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5c74
d134da50d3186dc8d782/t/5f9f39ce099147
In light of the alarming humanitarian 2cc534bc74/1604270545950/HMUN+202
situation mounting across Yemen, the 1+Online+Guide+to+Delegate+Preparatio
committee will: n.pdf
1. Work in collaboration with the
World Food Programme (WFP) to
release emergency food stores to
the public, to be distributed by
police forces over the next 6
months, to reduce rates of
malnutrition and starvation from
this conflict;
2. Request assistance from the
International Committee of the Red
Cross in providing clean water to
residents of regions within Yemen
as needed;
3. Establish emergency lodging
centers in non-essential
government buildings for
individuals that have been
displaced due to recent violence;
4. Temporarily cease exports of
agricultural products and order
mandatory sale of all foods to the
Agriculture for 50% below market
value to help mitigate the current
food crisis.
5. Collaborate with the UNHCR to
build infrastructure including
houses and hospitals to cater to the
refugees emerging from the
conflict.