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BIO560 Lab Report 1 (Discussion & Conclusion)

The document discusses a lab experiment that measured the pH of distilled water and phosphate buffer after adding concentrated hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, finding that the buffer solution was able to resist pH changes unlike the distilled water due to the buffer's ability to neutralize added acids and bases through chemical reactions involving dibasic sodium phosphate and sodium acid phosphate.

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Allisya Nasir
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428 views3 pages

BIO560 Lab Report 1 (Discussion & Conclusion)

The document discusses a lab experiment that measured the pH of distilled water and phosphate buffer after adding concentrated hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, finding that the buffer solution was able to resist pH changes unlike the distilled water due to the buffer's ability to neutralize added acids and bases through chemical reactions involving dibasic sodium phosphate and sodium acid phosphate.

Uploaded by

Allisya Nasir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCES

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONOURS) BIOLOGY

BIO 560
LAB 1 REPORT
FUNDAMENTAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES

LECTURER: SARAH SHAZWANI BINTI ZAKARIA

NAME:
DATE: 6/4/2022

INSTRUCTIONS
1. Completed report sheets will provide the basis for your course work (lab report – 10%)
assessment mark in BIO 560.
2. Make sure your name is clearly written in the space provided on the front of this report
sheet.
3. In completing the report sheets:
a) Add your own sketches and diagrams (if any)
b) You can write or typed the reports. Use your own way of scientific writing in
writing this report.
4. Report sheets should be handed in for marking, before or on the due date posted in GC.
5. Reports handed in late WILL NOT be marked.
1. DISCUSSION

The human body uses a variety of physiological adaptations to maintain homeostasis.


Maintaining an acid-base balance is one of them. Acid–base balance is the equilibrium of
input and output of hydrogen ions. The pH scale, which ranges from 0 to 14, is used to
measure it. This pH scale determines how many hydrogen ions are present in a particular
solution. A low pH (acidic) is produced by high hydrogen ion concentrations, whereas a high
pH is produced by low hydrogen ion concentrations (basic). A pH metre is commonly used
for measuring pH value.
Most of the cells in our bodies function within pH ranging from 7.0 to 7.8. Cells will no
longer function properly if the pH falls below or rises above these limits, which can lead to a
variety of health issues. This is where buffer plays a great role. A buffer is a solution that can
resist changes in pH caused by the addition of acidic or basic components. It can neutralise
minimal amounts of additional acid or base, allowing the pH of the solution to maintain
stable.
In the experiments performed, the pH was measured by adding concentrated HCl
and NaOH into a distilled water. The initial pH value of distilled water is 7.68. It can be seen
that the pH reading drops when HCl is added to distilled water. This is because the increase
in H+ concentration causes the solution to become more acidic. When concentrated NaOH
was added to the solution, the pH reading began to rise. Because NaOH is made up of both
Na+ and OH- ions, when it is mixed with water, the ions separate, resulting in an excess of
OH- ions in the solution. As a result, the solution becomes more basic, resulting in an
increase in pH.
The experiment was repeated with the same procedure, however the distilled water
was replaced with a phosphate buffer. The buffer's initial pH was 7.50. When concentrated
HCl and concentrated NaOH were added into the buffer, pH readings did not show any
significant changes. This is because the buffer, which is made up of dibasic sodium
phosphate (Na2HPO4) and sodium acid phosphate (NaH2PO4), neutralises any excess
acids and acid bases, preventing any pH changes. This chemical reaction is represented by
the following chemical equation:
2HCl + Na2HPO4 → 2NaCl + H3PO4

2NaOH + NaH2PO4 → 2H2O + Na3PO4

Sodium acid phosphate play a role as an ion donor. When there is an excess of OH-
in the solution, the NaH2PO4 donates an ion (H+) and neutralises the solution, resulting in a
pH reading that is mostly unaffected. While dibasic sodium phosphate serves as an ion
acceptor, when H+ is added to the solution, the Na2HPO4 accepts the ion and neutralises
the solution, leaving the pH unchanged.
2. CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, knowledge of units of measurement, solution concentration, and acid-


base balance is essential for conducting any physiology experiments. As demonstrated
by this experiment, the buffer plays a critical role in maintaining pH balance. When
conducting experiments, it is also crucial to use the correct unit of measurement, such
as when determining the concentration of acid or base required to complete a solution.
This is necessary to ensure that the experiment runs smoothly without significant errors.

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