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EE254 - LN - 05 - Op-Amp Applications - II (Differential Summing)

This document is a lecture note on op-amp applications by Dr. Tharindu Weerakoon of the University of Peradeniya. It discusses linear and nonlinear op-amp applications, including inverting and noninverting amplifiers, differential amplifiers, and summing amplifiers. Examples are provided of designing differential and summing amplifier circuits to meet specific gain requirements using standard resistor values. Trade-offs due to resistor tolerances in achieving the desired output are also considered.

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Malith Basnayake
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41 views18 pages

EE254 - LN - 05 - Op-Amp Applications - II (Differential Summing)

This document is a lecture note on op-amp applications by Dr. Tharindu Weerakoon of the University of Peradeniya. It discusses linear and nonlinear op-amp applications, including inverting and noninverting amplifiers, differential amplifiers, and summing amplifiers. Examples are provided of designing differential and summing amplifier circuits to meet specific gain requirements using standard resistor values. Trade-offs due to resistor tolerances in achieving the desired output are also considered.

Uploaded by

Malith Basnayake
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EE 254

Dr. Tharindu Weerakoon


Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya

Lecture Note #05


2. Op-Amp Applications
⁂ Linear Applications ⁂ Nonlinear Applications
 Inverting amplifiers  Precision rectifiers
 Noninverting amplifiers  Peak detectors
 Differential amplifiers  Schmitt-trigger comparator
 Summing amplifiers  Logarithmic amplifiers
 Integrators
 Differentiators
 Low/ High pass filters
 Instrumentational amplifiers

EE254: Electronic Instrumentation Dr. Tharindu Weerakoon 2


EE254: Electronic Instrumentation Dr. Tharindu Weerakoon 3
(a)
Using the Superposition
Theorem and the virtual short
concept

(b) (c)

EE254: Electronic Instrumentation Dr. Tharindu Weerakoon 4


(b) 𝑅2
𝑣𝑂1 = − 𝑣𝐼1
𝑅1

𝑅4
𝑣2𝑏 = 𝑣𝐼2
𝑅3 + 𝑅4
(c)
Using the virtual short concept
𝑣1𝑏 = 𝑣2𝑏

EE254: Electronic Instrumentation Dr. Tharindu Weerakoon 5


Then,

By rearranging,

Found that: 𝑅2
𝑣𝑂1 = − 𝑣𝐼1
𝑅1
Since the net output voltage is the sum of the individual terms

EE254: Electronic Instrumentation Dr. Tharindu Weerakoon 6


A property of the ideal
difference amplifier is that the
output voltage is zero when

Then to meet this condition,

The output voltage

EE254: Electronic Instrumentation Dr. Tharindu Weerakoon 7


Calculation of the differential
input resistance

We set

𝑅1 = 𝑅3 And 𝑅2 = 𝑅4

The input resistance

Taking into account the virtual short concept;

EE254: Electronic Instrumentation Dr. Tharindu Weerakoon 8


Design the difference amplifier with the configuration shown in Figure
such that the differential gain is 30. Standard valued resistors are to be
used and the maximum resistor value is to be 500 𝑘Ω.

EE254: Electronic Instrumentation Dr. Tharindu Weerakoon 9


Solution: Consider an ideal op-amp available.
The differential gain:
𝑅2 𝑅4
= = 30
𝑅1 𝑅3
We can select standard resistors;
𝑅2 = 𝑅4 = 390𝑘Ω

and 𝑅1 = 𝑅3 = 13𝑘Ω

These resistor values are obviously less than 500𝑘Ω and will give an
input resistance of 𝑅𝑖 = 2𝑅1 = 2 13 = 26𝑘Ω.

Resistor tolerances must be considered as we have in other designs.

EE254: Electronic Instrumentation Dr. Tharindu Weerakoon 10


EE254: Electronic Instrumentation Dr. Tharindu Weerakoon 11
Summing op-amp amplifier Currents and Voltages
circuit

If we set 𝑣𝐼2 = 𝑣𝐼3 = 0, the current 𝑖1 is

EE254: Electronic Instrumentation Dr. Tharindu Weerakoon 12


The output voltage due to 𝑣𝐼1 acting alone

The output voltage due to 𝑣𝐼2 and 𝑣𝐼3

Which becomes

EE254: Electronic Instrumentation Dr. Tharindu Weerakoon 13


When 𝑅1 = 𝑅2 = 𝑅3 ≡ 𝑅, then

EE254: Electronic Instrumentation Dr. Tharindu Weerakoon 14


The output signal generated from an ideal amplifier circuit is 𝑣𝑂1 =
1.2 − 0.5 sin(𝜔𝑡) (𝑉). Design a summing amplifier to be connected
to the amplifier circuit such that the output signal is 𝑣𝑂 =
2 sin(𝜔𝑡) (𝑉).
𝑖3

Choices: Standard precision resistors with tolerances of ±1 % are to


be used in the final design. Assume an ideal op-amp is available.

EE254: Electronic Instrumentation Dr. Tharindu Weerakoon 15


Solution: 𝑖3 One input to the summing amplifier is
𝑣𝐼1 = 𝑣𝑂1 = 1.2 − 0.5 sin(𝜔𝑡) (𝑉)
The output of the summing amplifier is
𝑣𝑂 = 2 sin(𝜔𝑡) (𝑉)
֍ If the voltage gains of each input to the summing amplifier are
equal, then an input of −1.2 V at the second input will cancel the
+1.2 V from the amplifier circuit.
֍ For a −0.5V sinusoidal input signal and a desired 2V sinusoidal
output signal, the summing amplifier gain must be;
𝑅𝐹 2
𝐴𝑣 = − =− = −4
𝑅1 0.5
֍ If we choose the input resistances to be 𝑅1 = 𝑅2 = 30 𝑘Ω, then the
feedback resistance must be 𝑅𝐹 = 120 𝑘Ω.
EE254: Electronic Instrumentation Dr. Tharindu Weerakoon 16
Solution: Trade-offs
Table: Standard precision resistance values
(1% Tolerance)

EE254: Electronic Instrumentation Dr. Tharindu Weerakoon 17


Solution: Trade-offs
𝑅𝐹 𝑅𝐹
𝑣𝑂 = − ∙ 1.2 − 0.5 sin 𝜔𝑡 − ∙ (−1.2)
𝑅1 𝑅1
֍ From the table, we can choose precision resistor values of 𝑅𝐹 =
124𝑘Ω and 𝑅1 = 𝑅2 = 30.9𝑘Ω. The ratio of the ideal resistors is
4.013.
֍ Considering the ±1 percent tolerance values, the output of the
summing amplifier will be:
𝑅𝐹 1 ± 0.01 𝑅𝐹 1 ± 0.01
𝑣𝑂 = − ∙ 1.2 − 0.5 sin 𝜔𝑡 − ∙ (−1.2)
𝑅1 1 ± 0.01 𝑅1 1 ± 0.01
֍ The dc output voltage is in the range
−0.1926 ≤ 𝑣𝑂 𝑑𝑐 ≤ 0.1926 𝑉
֍ The peak ac output voltage is in the range
1.967 ≤ 𝑣𝑂 𝑎𝑐 ≤ 2.047 𝑉
EE254: Electronic Instrumentation Dr. Tharindu Weerakoon 18

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