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Lect 6

This document discusses cloud computing. It begins with an overview of the history of computing and how cloud computing fits as the next phase. It then defines cloud computing and describes the key aspects of cloud architecture including deployment models, service models, virtualization, and cloud components. The document outlines advantages of virtual machines and cloud computing features and challenges.

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George Helmy
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35 views

Lect 6

This document discusses cloud computing. It begins with an overview of the history of computing and how cloud computing fits as the next phase. It then defines cloud computing and describes the key aspects of cloud architecture including deployment models, service models, virtualization, and cloud components. The document outlines advantages of virtual machines and cloud computing features and challenges.

Uploaded by

George Helmy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Operating System Fundamentals

Lecture 6 : Cloud Computing


Outline
◼ Introduction
◼ What is Cloud?
◼ What is Cloud Computing
◼ Cloud Computing Architecture
◼ Deployment Models
◼ Service Models
◼ Virtualization
◼ Cloud Computing Features and Challenges
Computing History
Computing History (cont’d)
◼ In phase 1, many users share powerful mainframes
using dummy terminals.

◼ In phase 2, stand-alone PCs became powerful


enough to meet the majority of users’ needs.
Computing History (cont’d)
◼ In phase 3, PCs, laptops, and servers were
connected together through local networks to share
resources and increase performance.

◼ In phase 4, local networks were connected to other


local networks forming a global network such as the
Internet to utilize remote applications and resources.
Computing History (cont’d)
◼ In phase 5, grid computing provided shared
computing power and storage through a
distributed computing system.

◼ In phase 6, cloud computing further provides


shared resources on the Internet in a
scalable and simple way.
Cloud Computing History

◼ Concept evaluated in 1950(IBM) called RJE


(Remote Job Entry Process).

◼ In 2006 Amazon provided first public cloud


AWS (Amazon Web Service).
What is Cloud?
◼ The term cloud refers to Network or Internet.
Something that is present in at remote
location.

◼ Cloud can provide


❑ Applications such as email, web conferencing,
customer relationship management (CRM)
❑ Services over network (on Public networks or on
Private networks).
What is Cloud Computing?
◼ Cloud computing can be defined as a new
style of computing in which dynamically
scalable and often virtualized resources are
provided as a services over the Internet.
◼ Cloud computing refers to manipulating,
configuring, and accessing the application
online.
◼ Cloud computing is both combination of
software and hardware based computing
resources delivered as a network service.
Cloud Computing Layered Architecture
Cloud Computing Layered Architecture
◼ SaaS (Software-as-a-Service), SaaS allows users to run
applications remotely from the cloud.
◼ Infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) refers to computing
resources as a service. This includes virtualized
computers with guaranteed processing power and
reserved bandwidth for storage and Internet access.
◼ Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) is similar to IaaS, but also
includes operating systems and required services for a
particular application.
◼ The data-Storage-as-a-Service (dSaaS) provides
storage that the consumer is used including bandwidth
requirements for the storage.
Cloud Components

◼ Client computers
◼ Datacenters
◼ Distributed Servers
Clients
◼ Clients are the devices that the end user interact
with cloud.
◼ Clients can be:
❑ Thick: A fat client (also called heavy, rich client) is a
computer (client) in client–server architecture or networks
that typically provides rich functionality independent of the
central server
❑ Thin: A thin client is a lightweight computer that is purpose-
built for remoting into a server (typically cloud or desktop
virtualization environments). It depends heavily on another
computer (its server) to fulfill its computational roles.
❑ Mobile
Datacenter & Distributed Servers

◼ Datacenter is a collection of servers where


applications and data is placed and is
accessed via internet.

◼ Distributed Servers to access the resources


are in different places geographically, but
they are working as if they are next to each
other.
Central Server

◼ It administrates the system such as


monitoring traffic, clients requests to ensure
everything runs smoothly.

◼ It uses a special type of software called


middleware.

◼ Middleware software allows computers to


communicate with each other.
Models for Cloud Computing

◼ Deployment models
◼ Service models
Deployment Models

◼ Deployment models define the type of access


to the cloud.
◼ There are four types of access
❑ Public
❑ Private
❑ Hybrid
❑ Community
Deployment Models (cont’d)

◼ Public cloud
❑ It allows systems and services to be accessible to
the general public.
❑ It may be less secure due to its openness (email).

◼ Private cloud
❑ It allows systems and services to be accessible
within an organization
❑ It is more secure due to its private nature
Deployment Models (cont’d)

◼ Hybrid cloud
❑ It is a mixture of public and private cloud.
❑ The critical activities are performed using private
cloud while non critical activities are performed
using public cloud.

◼ Community cloud
❑ It allows systems and services to be accessible by
a group of organizations
Service Models

◼ Infrastructure (IaaS)
◼ Platform (PaaS)
◼ Software (SaaS)
◼ Network (NaaS)
◼ Database (DBaaS)
Virtualization

◼ VM technology allows multiple virtual


machines to run on a single physical machine
Virtualization (cont’d)
◼ A hypervisor or virtual machine monitor
(VMM) is a piece of computer software or
firmware or hardware that creates and runs
virtual machines.
◼ A computer on which a hypervisor runs one
or more virtual machines is called a host
machine, and each virtual machine is called a
guest machine.
Virtualization (cont’d)
Virtual Machine
◼ Virtual Machine is a completely separate operating
system installation on the usual operating system.
◼ It is implemented by software emulation and
hardware virtualization.
◼ Virtual machine is a software implementation of a
physical machine.
◼ Virtual machines are divided in two categories
based on their use:
❑ System virtual machines: provides a complete system
platform that executes complete operating system.
❑ Process virtual machines: will run a single program.
Hypervisor Types
Hypervisor Types (cont’d)
◼ In a virtualization hypervisor comparison, the
two types of hypervisors on the market, which
are:

❑ Type 1, which is considered a bare-metal


hypervisor and runs directly on top of hardware.

❑ Type 2, which operates as an application on top of


an existing operating system.
Advantages of Virtual Machines
◼ Run operating systems where the physical
hardware is unavailable.
◼ Easier to create new machines, backup
machines, etc.
◼ Software testing using “clean” installs of
operating systems and software.
◼ Emulate more machines than are
physically available.
Advantages of virtual machines
(cont’d)
◼ Timeshare lightly loaded systems on one
host.
◼ Debug problems (suspend and resume the
problem machine).
◼ Run legacy systems!
◼ Easy migration of virtual machines
(shutdown needed or not).
VM Migration
VM Migration (cont’d)

Load Balancing
Better Response time

Consolidation
Reduces number of Physical
Machine requirement
Cloud Computing Features

◼ Scalability and on-demand services


◼ User-centric interface
◼ Guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS)
◼ Autonomous system
◼ Pricing
Cloud Computing Challenges

◼ Performance
◼ Security and Privacy
◼ Control
◼ Bandwidth Costs
◼ Reliability
Hadoop!

https://hadoop.apache.org/

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