BEC 2

STATICS OF RIGID
BODIES
MODULE 3
PREPARED BY:
ENGR. ZANDHRA BANDONG
Equilibrium of
Force Systems
Equilibrium of Force Systems

- is the term used to designate the condition where the resultant of a

force system is zero
- by physical meaning, as applied to a body, is that the body id either
at rest or moving along a straight line path with constant velocity
- both these statements are implied in Newton’s First Law of Motion;
namely particle acted upon by a balanced force systems has no
acceleration
Singer 1980: 76
Three equations of equilibrium: 2. Roller Support

ΣFv = 0
Ry
ΣFh = 0
3. Fixed Support
ΣM = 0
M
Rx
FREE BODY DIAGRAMS Ry
1. Hinged support/Pinned
4. Rope, Cord, Cable

Rx
Ry
Special Cases of Members in Equilibrium

- when a member is subject to “no couple moments” and forces

are applied at only two points on a member, the member is called
a “two-force member”

Hibbeler 2001: 218

Special Cases of Members in Equilibrium

- if a member is subjected to only three forces, then it is

necessary that the forces be either concurrent or parallel for
the member to be in equilibrium

Hibbeler 2001: 219

 Equilibrium of
Concurrent Forces
Equilibrium of Concurrent Forces

• For three forces in equilibrium, the best method is to

apply force triangle and use sine law and/or cosine law
• For inclined planes, the best method to rotate the axes
and sum up forces parallel (or perpendicular) to the
incline
• For 3 or more forces, the most convenient solution is to
sum up forces vertical and horizontal. Then, equate to
zero.
Illustrative Problem
A 250 kN block is held at rest on a
smooth inclined plane by a force P
making an angle θ with the inclined P

plane. If θ=50 ͦ, determine the

value of force P. θ

30 ͦ
Solution:
y
W

ΣFx=0 (→+)
x
Pcos50 – 250sin50
P = 194.47kN 30 ͦ
P
ΣFy=0 (↑+)
N - 250cos30 – Psin50 = 0
N - 250cos30 – (194.47)sin50 = 0 θ
N = 365.47kN
30 ͦ

N
Illustrative Problem
P
The forces on the gusset F
plate of a certain joint in a
roof truss act as shown
below. Determine the
values of P and F to
maintain equilibrium of
the said joint. Force F is 100kN 250kN
inclined 45 ͦ.
Solution:

P
ΣFx=0 (→+) F
250 – 100 Fcos45 =0
F = 212.13kN

ΣFy=0 (↑+)
P – Fsin45 = 0
P = 150kN
45 ͦ

100kN 250kN
Illustrative Problem
C
Three weightless bars,
pinned together at B and 60 ͦ
B
C supported by hinges at 45 ͦ
45 ͦ
A and D, form a link 75 ͦ
mechanism. Solve for the P
300kN
value of P so that motion
will be prevented. The
A D
bars are two force
members.
Solution:

300kN Sine Law

AB 75 ͦ BC
= 300
45 ͦ sin 75 sin 60
60 ͦ
BC = 334.61kN C
BC
60 ͦ
B
45 ͦ
BC 45 ͦ
60 ͦ 75 ͦ
P P
300kN
CD 45 ͦ

A D
P
= 334.61
sin 75 sin 45
P = 457.09kN
Illustrative Problem
Two cylinders are piled in a
rectangular ditch as shown.
Neglecting friction, determine
the reaction between the lower 20kN
cylinder and the vertical wall. 30kN
The radii of the cylinders are
0.2m and 0.3m respectively.
0.9m
Solution:
W = 20kN W = 30kN
N2
θ
N1 N4
θ
θ
N2

0.9m N3

0.2m 0.4m 0.3m ΣFy=0 (↑+) ΣFx=0 (→+)

-20 + N2cos53.13 = 0 N2sin θ –N4 = 0
0.4 N2 = 33.33N N4 = 26.66kN
sinθ = 0.5
θ = 53.13 ͦ
Equilibrium of Parallel Forces
Illustrative Problem
The wheel loads on a small
truck crossing a 20m span 1.8kN 0.6kN
is shown below. Determine 2m

the distance x at which the

support reaction at the
roller is 1.5times that at the x
hinge support.
Solution:

ΣFy = 0 (↑+)
1.5RB + RB –1.8 – 0.6 = 0
RB = 0.96KN
1.8kN 0.6kN
2m
ΣMA = 0 (CW+)
1.8x + 0.6(x+2) – RB(20) = 0
x = 7.5m 20m

RA = 1.5RB RB
Illustrative Problem
Two identical prismatic bars AB A
and CD, each weighs 8.0kg are
welded to form a Tee and are
suspended in a vertical plane as
shown. Calculate the value of the
angle that the bar AB will make
with the vertical, when a vertical
C D
load of 10kg is applied at D. B
Solution:

8kg. A
ΣFy = 0 (↑+)
R – 8 – 8 – 10 = 0 θ
R = 26kg.

ΣMB = 0 (CW+) θ
8(xsinθ) + 10(xcosθ) – R(2xsinθ) = 0 x
8sinθ + 10cosθ – 52sinθ = 0 C θ x
-44sinθ + 10cosθ = 0 B θ
θ = 12.8 ͦ D

8kg.
10kg.
 Equilibrium
of
Non-concurrent Forces
Illustrative Problem
A bar of negligible weight is
subjected to a vertical force 60N
of 60N and a horizontal
force of 30N applied as x
x
shown. Find the angle θ at x 30N
which equilibrium exists. 60 ͦ
1V

Assume smooth inclined 1H

surfaces. The loads are
located at 1Τ3 points of the
long bar.
Solution:
ΣFy = 0 (↑+)
NAcos60 – 60 + NB(√2
1
)=0

ΣFx=0 (→+)
NAsin60 – 30 + NB(√2
1
)=0 60N

NA = 65.88kN
NB = 38.27kN x
x √𝟐
ΣMB = 0 (CW+) x 30N
NA 1V
NAsin60(3xsinθ) + NAcos30(3xcosθ) – 60 ͦ
60(2xcosθ) – 30(xsinθ) = 0
1H
θ = 19.92 ͦ NB
Illustrative Problem
The bulk head BC is subjected to both
B T
water and soil-backfill pressures. Assuming
BC is “pinned” to the ground at C,
determine the horizontal and vertical
reactions at that point and also the required
tension in the ground anchor DE necessary
for equilibrium. The bulk head has a weight
of 8kN. Assume the water depth to be 6m,
soil depth of 9m and the ground anchor is 120kN/m C 300kN/m

located 0.50m below the ground surface.

Solution:
W = 8kN
ΣMC = 0 (CW+)
T(8.5) = (0.5(120)(60)(2)) – (0.5)((0(300)(9) = 0
T = 391.76kN
0.5m
B T
ΣFx=0 (→+)
0.5(120)(6) – 0.5(9)(300) + T – Ch = 0
Ch = 598.24
9m
soil
water 8.5m
ΣFy = 0 (↑+) 6m
Cv = W
Cv = 8kN 3m
2m
120kN/m C 300kN/m
Ch
Cv
FOR ANY QUESTION/S:
zibandong@uc-bcf.edu.ph