75

EURASIA RESEARCH LIVE

ONLINE CONFERENCE
PROCEEDINGS
International Conference on Social Science &
Humanities (ICSSH), 2020

Email:convener@eurasiaresearch.info
https://eurasiaresearch.org
https://sshraevents.org/
 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

Table of Content:
S. No. Particulars Page Numbers

1. Preface 3

2. Keynote Speaker 4-5

3. List of Presenters 6-53

4. List of Listeners 54

5. Upcoming Conferences 54

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 2

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

Preface:
Social Science And Humanities Research Association (SSHRA) is a global group of scholars,
academicians and professionals from the field of Humanities and Social Sciences for
encouraging intellectual development and providing opportunities for networking and
collaboration. This association achieves its objective through academic networking, meetings,
conferences, workshops, projects, research publications, academic awards and scholarships.
The association is driven by the guidance of the advisory board members. Scholars,
Academicians, Professionals are encouraged to freely join SSHRA and become a part of this
association, working for benefit of academia and society through research and innovation.

For this conference around 40 Participants from around 9 different countries have submitted
their enteries for review and presentation.

SSHRA has now grown to 3365 followers and 8557 members from 45 countries.

Membership in our scholarly association SSHRA is completely free of cost.

List of members: https://sshraweb.org/membership/list-of-members/

Membership Application form link: http://sshraevents.org/membership?association=sshra

Proceedings is a book of abstracts, all the abstracts are published in our conference
proceedings a day prior to the conference.

You can get our conference proceedings at:https://sshraweb.org/conference/proceedings/

We hope to have an everlasting and long term friendly relation with you in the future.

In this context we would like to share our social media web links:
https://www.facebook.com/eurasiaresearch/

You will be able to freely communicate your queries with us, collaborate and interact with our
previous participants, share and browse the conference pictures on the above link.

Our mission is to make continuous efforts in transforming the lives of people around the
world through education, application of research & innovative ideas.

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 3

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

KEYNOTE SPEAKER

Octavian-Dragomir Jora
Associate Professor, Ph.D., The Bucharest University of Economic
Studies, The Faculty of International Business and Economics,
Romania
Topic: Owning Now, Owing Then. Culturally Sustainable
Development is about Material Property as Much as it is about
Spiritual Legacy
Economist, scholar, writer, and editor, Octavian-Dragomir Jora is a settled presence
in the Romanian (as well as abroad) marketplace of academic and journalistic
debates. He is Associate Professor, Ph.D., at the Bucharest University of Economic
Studies, the Faculty of International Business and Economics, where he has
cultivated and developed (as researcher/teacher) interests in comparative economic
systems, critical and creative thinking, and geo-politics and geo-economics of
cultures and civilisations. He is active within various epistemic communities – i.e.,
board member of the Romanian Economic Society (director of the Œconomica
journal). He is also founding editor-in-chief of The Market for Ideas magazine
(themarketforideas.com) – an international publication that managed to reunite
readers/writers coming from 197/50+ jurisdictions of the world. Dr Jora is (co-
)author of numerous books and other published or presented scientific papers (more
than 100 titles), as well as of journalistic op-eds, essays, pamphlets (more than 800
titles), his works being distinguished with numerous and prestigious academic, as
well as mass-media awards, granted by several public and private, domestic and
foreign institutions. His (a)vocation is the“freedom of expression”, exercised
equally in writing and speaking outlets, graphic layouts and football playgrounds,
too.

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 4

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

KEYNOTE SPEAKER

Elena V. Kozhevnikova
Senior Teacher, Department of Foreign Languages in Theory and
Practice, Ph.D. in Sociology, RUDN University, Russia
Topic: The Impact of Language Exposure and Artificial Linguistic
Environment on Students’ Vocabulary Acquisition

Elena V. Kozhevnikova works at Peoples` Friendship University of

Russia (RUDN University). She is teaching English, stylistics,
linguistics, translation, and the theory of English grammar. Her scientific
interests are language acquisition, psychology, communicative approach
in language learning, creating an artificial linguistic environment, etc

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 5

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

PRESENTERS
KAN, Hing Ki (Mike) Research Proposal - Relationship between Sustainability Orientations and Employer Attractiveness
ERCICBELLP2003063 in Hong Kong’s Graduate Labour Market

KAN, Hing Ki (Mike)

Division of Business and Hospitality Management, SPEED of The Hong Kong Polytechnic
University, Hong Kong

Abstract
Achieving a good organization-person fit is vital to organizational survival and can also create a
win-win phenomenon for both employers and job applicants. One of the factors of this ‘fit’ can
hinge on how job applicants perceive whether their prospective employers have sustainability
mindsets and practicesthat match their own ‘sustainability orientation’ (‘SO’) and SO can be one of
the ‘employer-attractiveness’(‘EA’) influencing factors. However, the construct and definition of
sustainability mindsets and practices and SO have been elusive or indefinite, subject to different
social-cultural environments, time frame and value orientations of people.
Seems that little research has been done in qualitatively investigating the relationships, if any,
between the SO of undergraduate students in their senior years (full-time and part-time students)
and Employer Attractiveness (‘EA’) in Hong Kong’s graduate labour market.
This study is trying to fill up this research gap. It tries to find out whether students’ SO would
influence their employment decisions towards organizations which have exhibited various extents
and types of sustainable behaviors.
This study will adopt a qualitative approach as the primary one, supplemented by a quantitative
one; content-analysis and inductive analysis on data collected will be adopted. A focus-group
interview approach is to be used, supplemented by a questionnaire survey and a post focus-group
phone-interview (with individual focus-group members). The research is essentially constructionist,
but incorporates a questionnaire survey.
Stratified purposeful sampling is to be used and there will be around 100 participants, all
undergraduate students at a tertiary institution in Hong Kong, at which the researcher has worked
for over 20 years in teaching and programme-management.
The outcomes of the research could be informative for both human resources management theory
and practice in organisations where there is a debate over whether, and how, they should pursue a
sustainability agenda. Furthermore, this research adds to literature which seeks to link corporate
social responsibility orientation, employment recruitment and employer attractiveness.
Keywords: Sustainability, Sustainability Orientation, Employer Attractiveness
Tzu Hsien Yang The Representation of Female Image in Chinese Film
ERCICSSH2004096
Tzu Hsien Yang
Department of Graphic Arts and Communications, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei,
Taiwan

Abstract
In recent years, the discussion of women's issues has been increasing year by year, and no matter in
which field they are being paid more attention than in the past. As the mass media leading the trend
of the times, the theme presented by movies often reflects the social issues and phenomena that
people are focusing to. In the process of seeing movies, in addition to bringing their own
experiences, they are more likely to learn new knowledge from them, and then view yourself and the
world from different angles.The purpose of this study is to explore the representation of female
images in Chinese movies.Content analysis was used to observe the age, job creation, job title,
appearance, personality traits, etc. of female characters in the Golden Horse Awards for Best
Feature Film. The results of the study found that, compared to the past, today ’s Chinese films have
shown less traditional female stereotypes, but there are still a few films that have gender
stereotypes. In addition, the depiction of male characters and background stories are more diverse.
It can be seen that in the film industry, the description of female characters still has room for
improvement.

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 6

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

In the end, based on the conclusion, except forinterpreting and reflecting on the problems of
contemporary Chinese film, this research also puts forward relevant suggestions, looking forward
to giving film practitioners as a reference, and the directions that future research can continue to
study.
Keywords: Chinese Film, Female Image, Representation
Yoko Shirasu Motivational Factors to Study English through Short-term Study Abroad Program
ERCICSSH2004104
Yuko TOMOTO

Yoko SHIRASU
Faculty of English Education Centre, Yokohama College of Commerce, Kanagawa, Japan

Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of our two-week-intensive English
learning program at our affiliated school in US, University of Pittsburgh at Bradford. In 2019, one
of the authors on this research led the group of students there and observed the transition on the
students not only in the aspect of language ability but also in motivational aspect during and after
the program.
All the students fully enjoyed both the program’s All in English classes given by the American
professor and other excursion activities on and off campus. Students were satisfied with their L2
self-esteem and have become more self-content, and their motivation to study English has
beenconsiderablystrengthened through the program. However, some students show little
improvement on their test scores.
Our research question is what the influential factors on their improvement of English are. There
are students who have improved their post-program English test scores and those who have not
improved. To find out what hindered their English acquisition and what helped them, both
quantitative and qualitative researches were made. We conducted individual in-depth interviews as
well as questionnaire after returning back to Japan. Also, students wrote feedback reports as post-
program assignment, and they were analyzed by text-mining method. Students also took English
proficiency tests before and after the program, and their scores were compared and analyzed.
We would like to make the best use of the research resultsto improve our program for the next year.
Keywords: L2 self, Motivation, Language Learning, Intensive Study Abroad program
The Implications of Donald Trump’s Policies Toward the Israeli-Palestinian Peace Process

Morgan Mattler
Student of Political Science and Economics , Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids,
Michigan

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to study and analyze the policies of President Donald Trump towards
the Israeli-Palestinian peace process. A case is built on the effect of the policies, and then analyzed
Morgan Mattler on the implications of such decisions towards the future of the conflict. Through a background on
ERCICSSH2005177 the history of the conflicts peace talks, a literature review of multiple journal articles, and a deep
assessment of the implemented policies, we can conclude that the already shaky history of the
Israeli-Palestinian peace process was only worsened by Donald Trump, no doubt moving the
process decades back, and potentially eliminating the desire of a two-state solution.
Chao Gu A Discussion of The Relationship Model of the Purchase Intention of Brands, as Based on Food
ERCICSSH2005193 Safety Issues

Chao Gu
Department of Media Design, Tatung University, Taipei, Taiwan

Yonghang Huang
Department of Information Management, Tatung University, Taipei, Taiwan

Wei Wei
School of Design, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung Taiwan

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 7

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

Shuyuan Lin
Department of Media Design, Tatung University, Taipei, Taiwan

Abstract
In recent years, food safety issues have been occurring in Taiwan, making food safety increasingly
concerned and valued. Some people think that they should not buy the brands that have had food
safety problems, while others think they can continue to buy the brands that have had food safety
problems because the brands have made adjustments. For brands that have had food safety issues,
the complex and diverse consumer attitudes are worth discussing. This study examines the
relationship model of the subjects regarding brand image, food safety certification trust, brand
trust, brand loyalty, and purchase intention of brands with food safety problems. The research
methods used in this study include literature review, expert interview, and questionnaire survey,
and data analysis methods include exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and
regression analysis. Finally, this study proposes the tested relationship model. The results of this
study can provide certain reference and theoretical basis for solving the food safety problems of
brands.
Keywords: Consumer Behavior, Brand Image, Brand Trust, Food Safety Certification Trust, Brand
Loyalty, Purchase Intention
Amir Mohammad Persian Sufism History in Ancient Iran: A Semiotic Study Of The Mystical Symbols Of Kamal Al-
Bamdad Machiani Din Behzad’s “Dancing Dervishes” Miniature Based On Jami's Epistemological Ideology
ERCICSSH2006114
Amir Mohammad Bamdad Machiani
Department of Humanities, Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literature, University of Kashan,
Kashan, Iran

Abstract
One of the Exquisite Manifestations in the compounding of literary and artistic sciences is the
synthesis between the Study of Para-Textual branch of Art and Literature. The explicit schema that
derives from combining Art and Literary sciences is that the sciences mentioned, Para-Textually,
have similar semantic layers that can be analyzed in a convergent way by analyzing Semiotic
Methodology. In this article, based on the Para-Textual and semantic roots of Persian Sufism
literature and Persian Miniature, the "Dancing Dervishes" Miniature by Kamal al-Din Behzad has
been analyzed with looking at Jami's Epistemological Ideas. Since the language of Persian Sufism
Literature and Miniature is symbolic, this paper aims to decode symbols to examine the History of
Persian Sufism and a review of Behzad's Miniatures and his thoughts based on the Jami's
Epistemological Ideas in order to analyze Sufi rituals in Ancient Iran.
Keywords: Persian Miniature, Sufism Literature, Jami, Kamal al-Din Behzad, Semiotic study,
Symbolism
Diffusion of Innovations in Consumer Behavior of Online Buyer on the National Cyber and Code
Agency Training Center Staff

Fariza Anggraini
Faculty of Communication, Jakarta Institute of Social Sciences and Political Science, Jakarta,
Indonesia

Asrul Mustaqim
Jakarta Institute of Social Sciences and Political Science

Fariza Anggraini Abstract

ERCICSSH2007071 Information technology has changed the way of human life, especially in internet-based technology.
The use of internet-based facilities lately is in a great demand because it can make communication
more effective and efficient. For example the activities based on online nowadays is shopping
through online shops. Database research shows that in 2018, the number of e-commerce
transactions in Indonesia has reached around 144 trillion Rupiah. It means that Indonesian people
have a tendency to shop through online media. As many as 86% of Indonesian internet users
shopping online through any device. Online shop is one of the innovations in shopping activities.

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 8

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

One of the online buyer is BSSN Training Centre employee. This research is a qualitative study
using the Divusion of Innovation Theory. The aim of this research is to see how the diffusion
ofinnovation in consumer behavior of online buyer among BSSN Training Centre Staff, as well as
thesupporting and inhibiting factors of diffusion of innovation. The results showed that the
diffusion of innovation in consumer behavior of online buyer among BSSN Training Centre
employees was widespread, as evidenced by changes in how shopping at BSSN Training Centre
employees who have now utilized online shop as one of the buying and selling media. However, even
though the existence of an online shop can be well received, all informants are of the opinion that an
offline shop is still needed.
Keywords: Diffusion of Innovation, Internet, Online Buyer, Online Shop
A.K.Isabekova The Usage of Synergic Approach in Professional Development of Teacher
ERCICSSH2007074
A.K.Isabekova
Zhetysu State University named after Ilyas Zhansugurov, Taldykorgan, Kazakhstan

Abstract
The article is dedicated to the development of the professionalism of the teacher on the basis of
synergic approach. It covers the main factors contributing to the professional development of
teachers in the modern school. One important factor in this development is the methodical, aswell
as scientific work of the teacher, which is implemented through the participation of a teacher in
methodic conferences and seminars, further education and transition courses, as well as self-
conducted search of the necessary scientific and methodical literature, implemented by the teacher.
Synergic approach plays an important role in shaping the development of professionalism and
creativity of theteacher.
Keywords: Intellectual Facility; Self-Actualization; Self-Perfection; Priority; Professionalism;
Synergic Approach
Proposing a Model and Framework for Translation Quality Assessment (TQA)

Mehrnoosh Pirhayati
M.A. in English Language Translation, Department of English Language, Science and Research
Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract
The researcher tried to propose a model of assessing the quality of translation, and a framework to
detach this vital assessment from its pure quantitative aspect. The researcher distinguished
translation from the other products such as re-writing, writing, and adapted writing and defined a
Mehrnoosh Pirhayati scale for the act of translation by making distinction between translational strategies and those
ERCICSSH2008078 (translational) strategies that are used for re-writing or mixed-up with re-writing such as addition,
and paraphrasing. This research depicts that Translation Quality Assessment (TQA) must be based
on the rational critical view and rejects the limitation of rating-oriented quality assessment. This
research focuses on the role of Translation Criticism (TC) in both process-oriented and product-
oriented assessments of the quality of translation. This model sheds the light of TC on the inter-
semiotic, and visual aspects of translation and regards them very important factors and vital
elements to give the credit of good quality to translation. This proposed model gives the scientific
appearance to TQA and also it is very functional. Those who can benefit from this proposed model
of TQA and the framework are translation students, translation criticizers, and translation quality
assessors.
Representation of Mythology in Augmented Reality Environment

Assistant Professor Dr. Bahadir Ucan

Department of Communication Design, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey

Assistant Professor Dr. Ertan Toy

Faculty of Art and Design, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey

Assistant Professor Dr. Assistant Professor Dr. Ismail Erim Gulacti

Bahadir Ucan Faculty of Art and Design, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 9

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

ERCICSSH2009060
Assistant Professor Dr. Mehmet Emin Kahraman
Faculty of Art and Design, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey

Abstract
In this research, it is aimed to represent the elements included in oral and written traditions such as
mythology, epic and story on virtual reality environment. Models and designs were created on
Blender 2.80, which can be used as free and open software. Within the scope of the project,
augmented reality feature added to character designs created by using mythological characters.
With the help of augmented reality created through the Artivive software, models gained feature
that enables interactive participation of audience over the phone / tablet. The exhibition of the
project provided an interactive participation opportunity to the audience with augmented reality
experience. This research has been supported by Yildiz Technical University Scientific Research
Projects Coordination Department. Project Number: SBA-2019-3749 Augmented Reality
Applications Using Three Dimensional Models.
Keywords: Three-Dimensional Modeling, Design, Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, Mythology
Smaro Agagiotou The impact of on-the-job training on employees’ productivity in coffeehouse chains in Greece
ERCICSSH2009072
Agagiotou Smaro
Msc, Phdc, Sociologist, University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece

Abstract
The present study examines the relationship between coffeehouse chains employees’ on-the-job
training and their productivity, as factors that may have contributed to the sector’s development
during the economic crisis in Greece. The study’s sample consisted of 175 coffeehouse chains
employees in Thessaloniki, Greece. The required data were collected using Job Training and Job
Satisfaction Survey (only the part related to job training), developed by Schmidt (2004) and Job
Performance Scale, developed by Williams and Anderson (1991). The results of this study showed
that there is a significant and positive relationship between the sample’s on-the-job training and
their productivity, and thus, this training constitutes a predictive factor for the employees’
productivity. Findings also revealed that women and older employees in coffeehouse chains
evaluated training as more important than men and younger employees. Similar results were
observed with respect to the relationship between age and productivity, as younger employees had
lower productivity. As coffeehouse industry is a crucial sector for Greek economy, further studies
on job’s characteristics and employees’ well-being should be conducted.
Keywords: Training, productivity, coffeehouse chains
Jeffrey Y. Chen Deregulation and the 2008 Financial Crisis: How Deregulation Broke Financial Regulatory Barriers
ERCICSSH2010060 and Nearly Destroyed the US Economy

Jeffrey Y. Chen
11th Grade, Newport High School, Bellevue, WA

Abstract
The 2008 financial crisis was an economic catastrophe that cost “millions of people in
America…their homes and jobs”. Among other factors, deregulation played a central role. It broke
down regulatory barriers that had safeguarded the US financial industry for decades.
1. The New Deal: Enactment of Financial Regulations: The 1929 stock market crash precipitated a
cataclysmic economic depression. The blame was placed upon the consolidation of commercial and
investment banking interests, especially after the Pecora Hearings, held between 1932 and 1934,
uncovered various abuses involving large banks and their securities affiliates, most notably National
City Bank and Chase National Bank.
Following these damning revelations, the general consensus shifted strongly in favor of separating
commercial and investment banks, with Senator Carter Glass proposing a regulatory barrier
between the two. In 1933, his legislation, the Banking Act (Glass-Steagall), was passed by Congress
and signed into law by President Franklin Roosevelt.
In addition to mandating separation of commercial and investment banking, Congress passed the
Securities Act of 1933. This law empowered the federal government to oversee the securities trade

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 10

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

and required securities traders to provide potential investors with accurate and comprehensive
information about the relevant securities.
To ensure the full enforcement of the 1933 Securities Act, Congress also passed the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, which established the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to
“oversee securities…as well as markets and the conduct of financial professionals,” and to compel
“all companies listed on stock exchanges” to comply with its rules.
After these vigorous efforts, a primitive barrier was established in America to safeguard the
financial industry and prevent the mistakes of 1929 from repeating themselves.
Youyansu Tan Reviving French Arpitan: Recommendations to Revitalization Efforts
ERCICSSH2010069
Youyansu Tan
Student, United World College South East Asia, Singapore

Abstract
Arpitan, also known as Francoprovençal, is a severely endangered regional language with around
120,000-200,000 speakers, spoken in the area at the crossroads of France, Italy and Switzerland.
Previous literature on Arpitan focuses mainly on the vitality of the language and its usage; however,
there is insufficient analysis on behalf of revitalization efforts. Thus, this paper, written from an
outsider’s perspective, focuses on the revitalization of Arpitan in France and offers an overview of
the usage of Arpitan in France as well as recommendations directed at revitalization activists. It
aims to bridge the gap between linguistic knowledge and practical advice on revitalization.
As a review of literature on the current linguistic situation of Arpitan, this paper briefly explains
the history of French language policies and presents an overview of current revitalization efforts
along with potential impediments and favorable conditions. At last, it proposes consultative advice
on where to direct Arpitan revitalization efforts and how.
Over the course of French history, the government has predominantly implemented policies that
favor linguistic homogenization in France, prioritizing Standard French over regional languages.
Today, revitalization in France is still impeded by the legacy of this history, among other factors
such as negative community attitudes towards using or revitalizing Arpitan, the linguistic variety
that is in the nature of the Arpitan language, and disagreement regarding standardization of
orthography. On the other hand, the movement can benefit from several major advantages. First, it
is driven by the promising efforts of New Speakers -- speakers who acquire a given language
through adult second-language courses rather than the traditional intergeneration transmission --
and some highly motivated Arpitan communities. Second, within the Arpitan-speaking area in
France, the regional government supports the preserving and reviving of its regional languages in
addition to a recent promotion of the French heritage of regional languages from the Ministry of
Culture. Third, there is abundant documentation of Arpitan, including a written grammar and a
dictionary, implying that it is capable of revitalization as long as there is enough community will.
Lastly, the paper provides several pieces of advice for revitalization activists with regards to
orthography, community attitudes, mobilization, and structural improvements on the organization
of revitalization projects, taking inspiration from the success of other case studies of language
revitalization.
This review could be potentially useful as a reference for Arpitan activists in France as they plan
revitalization projects. It is hoped that the paper would update the linguistic community on the
status of Arpitan and inform Arpitan revitalization activists from a third-party point of view.
Keywords: Francoprovençal, Arpitan, Regional Languages of France, Revitalization, Case Study,
New Speakers, Endangered Languages, Activist Policies
Christina Bao The Frog that Won’t Die: The Politics of Pepe the Frog
ERCICSSH2010071 “Pepe was a meme within a meme”- Matt Furie

Christina Bao
Student, Westtown School, United States

Abstract
Memes have long been part of American popular culture. While people mainly consider memes as
jokes or a form of online entertainment, they play a significant role in society. Memes, like Pepe the
Frog, are crucial to online subcultures. They enable netizens to quickly transmit their ideologies

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 11

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

since the public tends to be more ready to accept the views presented by memes. Memes that go
viral are particularly attractive to fringe political groups like the alt-right. Since the 2016 election,
memes have become increasingly important in politics as they are used to spread political slogans.
For these reasons, this research paper examines the relationship between memes and politics,
specifically through the evolution of the meme Pepe the Frog. Pepe was transformed from a
beloved, innocuous frog into a hate symbol connected to the alt-right. It is demonstrated here that
Pepe was an ideal conduit for political messaging because he was a popular meme and his image
was easily adapted. Ultimately, Pepe became a mascot of the alt-right that was used to challenge
dominant facets of American culture. The surge of political memes in their diverse forms during the
2016 election also made the process of finding those responsible for problematic memes much
harder, helping them to avoid possible legal repercussions. As a consequence, Pepe’s fan have
found it hard to reclaim him and salvage his reputation. Today, the online culture surrounding
Pepe has not really changed: white supremacists have effectively kidnapped Pepe the Frog and still
use him to spread their racist ideas.
An Overview of the Selected Literature on Commodity Histories

Dr Dilhani Dissanayake
History Department, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia

Abstract
Imperial commodities have been the subject of both popular and scholarly histories in recent years.
A considerable amount of literature has been published on the commodities such as tea, coffee,
sugar, and spices. Those commodity histories reveal the lure of exotics for Europeans, importantly
Dr Dilhani Portuguese, Dutch, Spanish and British and commercial imperialism even as capitalism is
Dissanayake downplayed. Europeans specifically were dazzled by the luxury exotics of far-distant regions such
ERCICSSH2010077 as Asia and Africa. Subsequently, these highly prized exotics became imperial commodities and
those regions hence became under the control of European powers, called colonies. The changing
tastes of empires made labourers’ lives in those colonies extremely complicated. These stories of
imperial commodities, colonies and the empire which lie the history of imperialism have been
researched by some scholars and historians eventually became existing literature on commodity
histories
Haojia Hu Stock Pricing Analysis: Based on the Firms’ Capital Structure in Stock Market
ERCICBELLP2010054
Haojia Hu
Department of Economics, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York City, United
States of America

Abstract
This study analysing and evaluating the firms’ capital structure and their different leverage ratio
bring impact on the stock price in the financial market and measure the possible relationship
between stock price and capital structure. In this research, we use the debt-to-equity ratio to value
the capital structure and collect the data from Compaustat, the financial market performance was
measured by the S&P 500 Index cover period from 1st Jan 2000 to 31th Dec 2019. The baseline of
the strategy of this paper is defined as the highest decile portfolio and lowest decile portfolio.
Consequently, the portfolio is that it undeniably outperform the market index, as it is formulated by
giving equal weight to companies that are in the highest 10% in terms of their D/E ratio within each
identified period. While, when compared to the equal-weighted group of companies in the lowest
10% in terms of their D/E ratio within each identified period, it has no significant abnormal return.
The paper shows three robustness checks, changing the equal-weight to value weight, including the
top and bottom 30% stocks and classifying firms into different industries. Consequence, the value-
weighted highest 10% D/E ratio portfolio delivers lower return, besides when its cutting point was
expanded to 30% and the equal-weight methods we have similar result with statistical
insignificantly. For the there main industries, the manufacturing industry shows the opposite
results, the financial industry aligns best with our previous findings, and the service industry offers
the most robust results and the largest excess return.
Key words: Financial Economics, Stock Pricing, Capital Structure, Stock Market

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 12

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

Financial Education and the Internet: Developmental Factors

Daniel Cardona Valencia

Professor, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano ITM, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y
Administrativas. PhD(c) Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Medellín, Colombia

Sebastián Franco Castaño

Professor, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano ITM, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y
Daniel Cardona Administrativas. Ms. Administrative Engineer, Medellín, Colombia
Valencia
ERCICBELLP2010056 Maria Eugenia Morales
Professor, Politecnico Grancolombiano, Medellín, Colombia

Abstract
This study aims to identify possible inferences between the levels of financial education and income
of Latin Americans versus the level of Internet use and its implications for the development of
countries. The results will be obtained through the two phases of the study: a quantitative analysis
based on an analysis of variance ANOVA with variables with demographic characteristics and
attitudes associated with socioeconomic conditions of the countries in question from the Global
Findex database and a qualitative complement from a bibliometric study. The findings of the study
of variance show that there is a correlation between income level and educational level with the use
of the Internet with a bias to the right indicating that the higher the academic level, the greater the
use of the Internet. The bibliometric study highlights the conclusions of articles and publications
over the last 10 years, the vast majority of which are of a reflective nature and suggest that
improving financial inclusion requires establishing the growth of Fintech products, the need for
regulatory frameworks in countries, microfinance as a success story in small communities and the
dissemination of financial education as a social basis for development.
Keywords: Financial Education, Financial Inclusion, ANOVA, SDGs
Automatic Lock for Hostel Students as an Effort of Increasing the Security of Their Valuables from
Theft

Adee Deax Bin Romzee

Electrical Technology, Keningau Vocational College, Keningau, Malaysia

Haini Kotin
Keningau Vocational College, Keningau, Malaysia

Adee Deax Bin Romzee Miliani Tamrin

ERCICSSH2011082 Keningau Vocational College, Keningau, Malaysia

Dr. Sirhajwan Idek

Keningau Vocational College, Keningau, Malaysia

Abstract
The goal of this research project was to examine the effectiveness of an automatic lock which might
help hostel students secure their valuables and privacy by preventing their lockers from being
broken into. This lock could be unlocked through a mobile app by embedding the device with a
specifically designed system consisting of Arduino Uno, Bluetooth HC-06 and servomotor. Most
students who stayed at school hostels had the experience of losing their locker keys due to
misplacement, recklessness and sometimes theft. This posed an issue for them as losing the physical
keys might put their lockers at the risk of being broken into by anyone and it also made it difficult
for them to retrieve their belongings. Hence, this project was developed in order to help hostel
students avoid this type of incident. There were 20 students who were involved in this study. They
tested the innovation and rated their feedback on it. The findings might be able to show how
effective this innovation could be and it may be introduced across schools and colleges in the state.
Rico Schwarzkopf An Empirical Analysis of Competencies that generate Acceptance of Leadership in Selling Centers
ERCICBELLP2011085

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 13

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

Rico Schwarzkopf
PhD Student at Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia

Abstract
Multidisciplinary sales project teams, in the literature also referred to as selling centers, receive
increasing attention in both practice and scientific community. In case, selling centers are formed,
the sales associate responsible for the sales project has to lead the subject matter experts involved.
The challenge, however, lies in the sales associate´s lack of formal authority towards these subject
matter experts from other departments. This study examined the research question of which
competencies sales associates should acquire in order to be accepted as a leader by selling center
participants despite their lack of formal authority. For this purpose, twelve selling center
participants were interviewed during semi-structured face-to-face interview sessions. The
interviews were evaluated by applying a qualitative content analysis. In addition, a frequency
analysis was carried out to evaluate the number of mentions per competence. A total of six
competencies were identified which generate acceptance of leadership in selling centers. Since this
study was used for exploration, the research results could serve to form hypotheses for future
quantitative studies.
Keywords: Selling Centers; Leadership Acceptance; Implicit Leadership Theory; Competencies
Mohanamerry Framework for Combating Money Mule Recruitment among University Students in Malaysia:
Vedamanikam Awareness Perspective
ERCICBELLP2011087
Mohanamerry Vedamanikam
Ph.D. Candidate (Psychology), School of Applied Psychology, Social Work and Policy, College of
Arts and Sciences, University Utara Malaysia

Saralah Devi Mariamdaran Chethiyar

Senior Lecturer, Psychology & Counselling Programme, School of Applied Psychology, Social
Work and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University Utara Malaysia

Norruzeyati bt Che Mohd Nasir

Senior Lecturer, Psychology & Counselling Programme, School of Applied Psychology, Social
Work and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University Utara Malaysia

Abstract
Technology advancement has taken a new shape in leading the world into digital civilization,
remarkably in e-commerce, communication and financial sectors. Taking advantage on the
technology, criminals have also digitalised their modus operandi targeting the digital society with
fraud and cybercrimes, hence contributing illicit funds. To disguise the money trail to the illegal
activities, illicit funds sourced from unlawful and fraudulent activities transformed into legal funds
via money laundering scheme. Money laundering is perceived as a global threat where funds
reverted to the criminal and enters legitimate economy. To enable the criminals maintain the
anonymity and non-visible to the detection of law enforcement, money mules are positioned in
money laundering chain between actual criminal and the illicit funds. Money mules are characters
recruited by criminal networks to perform fund transfers by utilizing their own accounts.
Recruitment is done by offering a job with simple recruitment criteria and attractive income and
rewards. Students are among the prime target of the criminal networks as they lack exposure in the
job criteria with hidden criminal elements behind the job offered. This study will examine
recruitment of Malaysia university students as money mules and development of framework with
related variables to establish the relationship between the aspect of job criteria awareness and
ability of the students to detect the hidden criminal elements and exposure to law enforcement and
derive into decision to accept the job offer. In this research, both quantitative and qualitative
approaches will be employed with surveys and interviews.
Keywords: Money mule, money laundering, criminal network, money mule recruitment, awareness
of job requirement.
Frederick Sexe The Nut Island Effect revisited: An Application of Social Factors to Distant Team Behaviors
ERCICSSH2012054
Frederick Sexe

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 14

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

Department of Quantitative Studies, Southern New Hampshire University, Manchester, New

Hampshire, United States

Abstract
Paul Levy wrote a seminal article for the Harvard Business Journal in 2007 which provided an
early look into how a manager’s relationship with a geographically distant team affected team
behavior and performance. This article provided an early glimpse into how dysfunctional team
behaviors were first identified, defined and understood. A major contribution of an article was a
cycle of team behavior which can be of use today. This article will seek to apply recent research in
geographically distant behavior to the behavior transition model proposed by Paul Levy in the
article. Each behavior will be examined with the intent of providing the reader with an
understanding of critical factors behind each behavior.

The lessons provided in this chapter can benefit managers of both collocated and geographically
distant teams who may find the insights provided in the paper helpful in understanding how their
actions influence team behavior. Academicians interested in relating social distance factors to a
real-life case study may also benefit from this paper.

Shier Ju Cultural Relativity of logic and Cultural Conflict Resolution

ERCICSSH2012058
Shier Ju
Institute of Logic and Cognition, Department of Philosophy, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou,
China

Abstract
The cultural relativism of logic isclaims that: different cultures hasnot only have their owndifferent
logics, but also their thelogics are rationality reofe its logic is also relative to their its own cultures.
However, without an universal logic, how it is it possible for people from different cultures to
communicate successfully, resolve cultural conflicts and live in harmony? The aim of this talk is is
to meet this challenge to cultural relativism of logic.
Firstly, argumentation can be generally regarded as a form of social interaction under som certain
culturale background. Then and different types of such argumentations in different cultures are
shown. And then ggeneralized Llogic is is defined as defined as sets of rules with which people in
different cultures make their argumentations; each set constitutes is a member of generalized logic;
all these members, such as formal logic, informal logic, Buddhist logic, ancient Chinese logic etc.,
make up a family resemblance.
Secondly, a method for justifying the rationality of the family members in generalized logic is given.
With this method weI will demonstrate that the rationality of that: any the family members cannot
be universally rational, but only can be locally rational or relative to their cultures.
Thirdly, Third, bbased on the evidences from history and cultural psychology, a multiple culture
fusion theory is proposed. According to tThis theory claims, a new type of common culture could
emerged from the interaction between different cultures. , With ththe grasp of generalized logic of
this common culture, can make communication and understanding between different cultures can
be possible. It is worth mentioning that this logic is just a member of generalized logic and locally
rational for the people who share this kind of common culture.
Finally, Finally, a strategy for cultural conflict resolution is suggested, which is to construct a
common culture by means of cross-cultural communication. Thus, even if different cultures have
different logic, people from different cultures can find a way to live in harmony.
Three Ways to Understand the Inductive thoughts of Whewell

Xiaoming Ren
Department of Philosophy, Nankai University, China

Abstract
The inductive thinking of Whewell has been underestimated for a long time, and it seems that there
is trend which simply treats his theory as a typical version of hypothetico -deductivism. However,
our research found that, besides the classical hypothetico -deductivism interpretation, Whewell's

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 15

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

Xiaoming Ren thoughts also can be interpreted as coherence theory, or the best explanatory inference. As a result,
ERCICSSH2012060 these three ways of interpretations are mutually intertwined. In our opinion, existing many ways to
understand Whewell's inductive thoughts shows that, on the one hand, his ideas are very
complicated and profound, therefore deserved to study in-depth; on the other hand, it shows that
our understanding of the nature of the induction is still rather poor, and we must take into account
that the coherence standard is indispensable for inductive logic system.
Keywords: William Whewell, Induction, Hypotheses -Deduction, Coherence
Intra Industry Trade Performance of Turkish Grain Sector VIS-A-VIS EU-28

Nazli Ceylan
Enyedi Gyorgi Doctoral School of Regional Sciences, Szent Istvan University, Budapest, Hungary

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the grain sector intra-industry trade between Turkey and its major
Nazli Ceylan trading partner European Union (EU-28) during the period of 2010-2019. Calculation of trade
ERCICSSH2012072 dynamics were based on the Grubel-Lloyd index which shows the share of intra-industry exchange
in the total trade considering a spesific industry of a country. The data used in this study compiled
from the International Trade Centre database on the two-digit level of Harmonized Commodity
Description and Coding System. Findings of the analysis revealed that, despite the significant
increase in the the total trading volume in the 2010-2019 period, grain sector intra-industry trade
between Turkey and EU-28 demonstrated a downward trend. In relevant period, Grubel-Lloyd
index took the values below 0.50 except the year of 2010 (0.57), which indicates a low level intra-
industry trade. The trade imbalance in the grain industry occured due to the rise of Turkey’s grain
import from EU-28 while the country’s export to EU-28 stayed more stable.
Keywords: Intra-industry trade, grain sector, Grubel-Lloyd index
Causal and Concessive Adjuncts in Present Day Romanian: Modality and Evidentiality

Alice Bodoc
Department of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, Transilvania University from Brasov, Romania

Abstract
The present study investigates the use of modality markers and subordinators in the complex
sentences with causal and concessive adjuncts from present day Romanian. The Romanian
Alice Bodoc researchers interested in this theme contributed to the understanting of modality as a pragma-
ERCICSSH2012075 semantic category in general or they described the modal elements used by the speakers in their
communication. Still, little has been said or written about the influence of this category on the
construction of complex sentences or about the connection between the modality markers and the
subordinators. Therefore, the lack of Romanian data and the importance that this data could have
for the comparative or the typological international studies motivated me to choose this subject of
investigation. Bhatt (1999), Giorgi & Pianesi (2002), Cristofaro (2003), Longacre (2007), Nordstrom
(2010), Kuroshima (2017), among others, bring evidence from different languages that modality and
subordination have much in common, and, even more, that sometimes, certain subordinators can
also function as modal markers (as they denote propositional modality – Nordstrom 2010: 1).
In this paper, I do not intend to defend or to contradict Nordstrom’s hypothesis, but the purpose of
my research is to explain how the modal markers and the subordinators influence each other, and,
at the same time, how these elements influence the rest of the complex sentence. Furthermore, I
intend to prove that the type of adjunct and/or the corresponding subordinating conjunction
influence(s) the speaker’s selection of the adverbial modal marker, and also the selection of the
verbal mood. In order to achieve this purpose, both a qualitative and a quantitative analysis will be
conducted on an electronic present day Romanian corpus.
Keywords: Modality, Evidentiality, Clausal Adjuncts, Present Day Romanian
Shlomit Hon Snir International vs Domestic Tourism - Does the Effect of Childhood Residence Type Differ?
ERCICSSH2012078
Shlomit Hon Snir
Department of Economics and Management, Yezreel Valley College, Israel

Abstract

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 16

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

This Research focused on the connection between international and domestic vacation type and the
type the residential setting: Urban or rural. The data were collected using anonymous questionnaire
and the analysis included a hierarchical multiple regression conducted by Process. The independent
variables include gender, number of trips, the tendency of the tourists to look for local relationship
(SCD), novelty (DOD) and the level of pre-organized tours.
The result indicates that growing up in the city has only indirect effect on the urban sites
preference. Although tourists who grow up in the city prefer more urban sites in their international
and domestic trips, the factors that cause this, are different. For international tour, tourists who
grow up in the city look for familiar places (DOD) which lead them to choose more urban sites. For
domestic tour, tourists who grow up in the city travel less than other tourist which lead them to
choose more urban sites.
Cyril Kaplan Short-Term EEG Neurofeedback Training and its Psychological Context
ERCICSSH2012080
Cyril Kaplan
Faculty of Arts, Department of Psychology, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

Abstract
The field of EEG neurofeedback research is very vibrant. Numerous studies and meta-studies have
been conducted over the last decades (see Van Doren et al., 2018 for a meta-analysis of NF
effectivity), still the field seems to be far from reaching a consensus in numerous crucial aspects
(Dagenais et al. 2014; Micoulaud-Franchi et al., 2015). Though recent years have seen some activity
to establish a cooperative framework, e.g. researchers agreed on a universal neurofeedback
research blue-print (Ros et al., 2020), a coherent and widely accepted theory of EEG neurofeedback
is very probably still far away. The current research practice (double blind experiment with
between group designs being considered the gold standard of neurofeedback research [Thibault et
al., 2015]) remains quite fragmented and focuses mainly on the effects of the NF training. The
process of the interaction of countless variables, that together form the resulting picture, the EEG
neurofeedback experience, is still heavily under-researched (Kaplan, 2018).
Fatima Zahra Identification of Metaphoric Designs of Trucks from territories of Pakistan: A Visual Rhetorical
ERCICSSH2012091 study

Fatima Zahra
Faculty of Fine Arts, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Multan, Pakistan

Abstract
The focus of this paper is to present the identification of metaphoric truck designs in context of
territorial significance of cultures. A qualitative article based on a comparative study that attempts
to influence and adopts factors related to cultural territory. It further explored the various aspects
of Pakistani culture, characteristics of cultural values, terms, associations, and influences of Indian
subcontinent partition on truck art. Findings showed that the truck artists were simultaneously
prioritizing culture as the first theme preference to be painted. They drew inspiration from
materials found in specific areas or regions ' unshakeable cultural icons. The rhetorical discourse of
visuals associated with culture, relying for the construction of impactful metaphoric visual
meanings on something other than phrases or writing.
Keywords: Culturally Oriented Designs, Territorial Impact, Design Adoption Flexibility
Cheryl G. Wibawa Understanding Pupils' Needs as the Main Source of Teachers' Self-Efficacy
ERCICSSH2012092
Cheryl G. Wibawa
Educational Psychology Program, School of Postgraduate Studies, Universitas Pendidikan
Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia

Abstract
The study is a preliminary research study on enhancing teachers’ self-efficacy through lesson study
which aims at identifying sources of teachers’ self-efficacy in facilitating pupils’ engagement,
implementing instructional strategies, and managing the classroom, and their impacts on teaching
and learning. The study used a qualitative content analysis method and data was analyzed by hand.
The data was collected from an online focus group and individual interviews with five teachers of a

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 17

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

tutorial centre in Indonesia. The participants consisted of three female teachers with an age range
of 22-33 years old and two male teachers with an age range of 18-24 years old. All teachers teach
high school level with various teaching experience from six months to fourteen years. Their teaching
subjects are consistent with their educational background; four teachers taught more than one
subject and one teacher taught only one subject. The finding shows understanding pupils’ need as
the main source of teachers’ self-efficacy in facilitating students’ engagement, implementing
instructional strategies, and managing the classroom. Pedagogical capability and teaching
experiences are other sources of self-efficacy. Teachers’ self-efficacy affected their teaching
performance and ability to promote a conducive learning climate and proper time management.
Keywords: Self-efficacy, Engagement, Instructional strategies, Classroom management.
Justina Adalikwu- Neo-Colonialism and the Nigerian Extractive Industry
Obisike
ERCICSSH2012096 Justina Adalikwu-Obisike
Behavioural Science Program, Burman University, Lacombe, Canada

Ebere Obisike
Behavioural Science Program, Burman University, Lacombe, Canada

Abstract
Following the independence of Nigeria in 1960, there was a shift from colonial rule to Neo-
colonialism as the Nigerian political autonomy was granted through a negotiated resolution that
endorsed and maintained economic, socio-cultural, and intellectual relationships with the British
government and other western nations. In 1956, before Nigerian Independence, oil was discovered
in the present day Bayelsa state after many failed attempts dating back to 1913. Subsequent to the
first exportation of crude oil in Port Harcourt in 1958, foreign participation in the Nigerian
extractive industry has been very extensive. One of the leading factors for the influx of foreigners in
the Nigerian extractive industry was that the newly independent state lacked the needed technology
and knowledge in the field of oil exploration and extraction. This created a joint venture by the
Nigerian nation and some international oil companies. The main objective of this paper was to
examine how this arrangement has affected the lives of the local citizens. Based on insight from our
previous fieldwork in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, couple with a critical analysis of relevant
literature, we adopted a critical ethnography research method in order to objectively present our
findings. The results of our paper revealed that, the historical foreign domination of the Nigerian
extractive industry has negatively impacted the local citizens who have become severely
impoverished over time, without access to tangible assets that contribute to any meaningful quality
of life. Our paper subsequently concluded that, the shift from colonial rule to neo-colonialism, set
the stage and has resulted in extreme deprivation for Nigerians, particularly the local citizens on
whose land oil exploration and extraction has been ongoing for about 60 years, negatively impacting
their quality of life.
Keywords: Neo-colonialism, Extractive industry, Quality of life, Niger Delta
The Effectiveness of Module Digital Youth (DY) as Youth Empowerment through Crime
Awareness: A Case Study of South Malaysia

Virishna Muthu Krishnan

School of Applied Psychology, Social Work and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University
Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia

Saralah Devi Mariamdaran Chethiyar,

Senior Lecturer, Psychology & Counselling Program, School of Applied Psychology, Social Work
Virishna Muthu and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University Utara Malaysia
Krishnan
ERCICSSH2012093 Abstract
Malaysia is no exception to the global issue of crime being predominant among youths. Studies have
shown that some youth get involved in crime unknowingly especially crimes involving cyber
bullying, spousal physical violence, forced intimacy and verbal abuse simply because lack of
knowledge on what is considered crime. Some victims also suffer unaware from their beloved ones
unlawfully violating them. On this ground, this study was conducted with the objective to raise the

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 18

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

awareness on crime amongst youths, in particular; cybercrime, drug abuse and sexual abuse. The
study took a seminar approach to raise awareness on 100 students at Kolej Genius, Klang, Selangor,
between the age of 18-23 (emerging adults). The study also used a descriptive cross-sectional survey
with closed ended questions to establish a baseline on the depth crime knowledge among the
students and this would facilitate future awareness programs to address the scarcity. A comparison
at pre and post level of knowledge measured employing Queasy Experimental Quantitative method.
The study established that 90%, of males had comprehensive knowledge about drug abuse whilst
30% had general knowledge about drug abuse and its effects. On cybercrime, the study gathered
that 20% of males and 15% of females had basic knowledge, especially cyber-crime in the form of
cyber- bullying mainly from harassment of themselves or peers on social media platforms. On
sexual offenses, 60% of males and 95% of females had basic knowledge about it. The study
concluded that female youths are more informed on sexual offences than males whilst males had
more information on drug abuse. The study recommends future awareness programs to enlighten
the emerging adults on cybercrime and expand the magnitude of the research as it is a broad topic.
This study also recommends future discussions on crime focusing on sexual offences with male
emerging adults and drug abuse with female emerging adults.
Keywords: Youth, Awareness, Drug abuse, Sexual abuse, Cyber-crime
The Construction of a Christian Drug Abuse Rehabilitation Module and its Effectiveness on Self
Control and Self Concept on Youth Drug Abusers Zimbabwe

Tariro Maraire
School of Applied Psychology, Social Work and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University
Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia

Saralah Devi Mariamdaran Chethiyar,

Tariro Maraire Senior Lecturer, Psychology & Counselling Program, School of Applied Psychology, Social Work
ERCICSSH2012094 and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University Utara Malaysia

Abstract
The study is about developing a Christian based rehabilitation module for youth drug abusers in
Zimbabwe, whose effectiveness is measured on self-concept and self-control. There is a crisis of
drug abuse among the Zimbabwean youth, as current statistics reveal that more than half, 57% of
the Zimbabwean youth are involved in drug abuse. The problem in the study is that drug abuse is
devastating among the youth in Zimbabwe, yet the current rehabilitation methods employed are
inadequate to address the issue of drug abuse. Religion has been empirically proven to be a positive
influence in the rehabilitation process of drug abusers, yet to date there is no religion based
rehabilitation module for youth drug abusers in Zimbabwe. Hence, the need to develop a Christian
based rehabilitation module for that age group. The study is underpinned by religion cognitive
behavioural therapy, which posits that a person’s religious beliefs can be utilised in the
identification and replacement of unhelpful thoughts and behaviours. Quantitative Quasi-
experimental research methodology is used in this study where the Christian based drug abuse
rehabilitation module intervention was studied using purposive sampling. The sample consists of 20
drug abusers from Mbare, Harare in Zimbabwe, who are divided into two groups, the experimental
and control group. The effectiveness of the intervention is measured on self-control and self-
concept. Self-concept is measured using Tennesse Self Concept Scale and Self-Control is measured
using Brief Self Control Scale. The study expects to have the Christian based rehabilitation module
effective in enhancing self-control and increasing positive self-concept in youth drug abusers in
Zimbabwe.
Keywords: Drug abuse, Christian, Rehabilitation, Youth

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 19

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

Public Opinion on Death Penalty Abolishment

Marafendi Marzuki
School of Applied Psychology, Social Work and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University
Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia

Saralah Devi Mariamdaran Chethiyar,

Senior Lecturer, Psychology & Counselling Program, School of Applied Psychology, Social Work
and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University Utara Malaysia
Marafendi Marzuki
ERCICSSH2012095 Abstract
The implementation to abolish the mandatory death sentence issue has been long debated in
Malaysia and to-date there has been no agreement as to whether it should be abolished or
continued. Since the debate started, it has created two parties, supporting and opposing the
implementation. This study will explore the public's perception regarding the issue and look at the
opinions that often stand in their way of supporting and opposing the implementation of the
abolition of mandatory death sentence. This study employed both qualitative and quantitative
methods. For quantitative method, data obtained from chosen sample that were answered from a
questionnaire designed to look at people's perception towards mandatory death sentence. Sample
selection was based on cluster sampling technique. Data obtained from the questionnaire were
analysed and interpreted as a public perception. For qualitative method, data was extracted from
fieldnotes captured during interview or video recordings carried out in natural settings. From the
interviews, it was found that certain respondents are in favour of abolishing death penalty due to
the reason of human rights and human can change. However, they also emphasize that the hardcore
criminal such as illegal drug lord, serial killer, rape and sexual assault against children must be
sentenced to death. This indicates that while there are advocates who support the abolishment of
death penalty, they still place an exception to their choice if it involves severe cases.
Keywords: Public Perception, Death Penalty Abolishment, Human Right
Straw House: A Case Study of i-Statement and Verbalizing Presupposition Techniques on Self-
Control

Nurul Husna Abdul Rahim

School of Applied Psychology, Social Work and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University
Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia

Saralah Devi Mariamdaran Chethiyar,

Nurul Husna Abdul Senior Lecturer, Psychology & Counselling Program, School of Applied Psychology, Social Work
Rahim and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University Utara Malaysia
ERCICSSH2012096
Abstract
Self-control is widely used in discussing delinquency among adolescent studies. It can be high or low
depending on the growth and progress of an individual, and the way they communicate with each
other. Straw House exercise was used as an approach, artwork activities in group counselling to
explore their reaction on self-control. I-statement and verbalizing presupposition was used as a
guidance to develop their self-control. This study was to examine the exercises in group counseling
that can be used as an intervention towards self-control among juvenile delinquents in Malaysia.
Subjects for this study were 6 males between 14 and 18 years old who were undergoing
rehabilitation at the rehabilitation center (school). The session was conducted by two facilitators.
Thus, the positive combination within Straw House exercise, I-statement and verbalizing
presupposition techniques as an intervention technique helped the clients explore the emotion and
behavior on self-control.

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 20

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

Understanding Level on Macau Scam among Perlis Community

Norazhan Mohamad Marzuki

School of Applied Psychology, Social Work and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University
Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia

Saralah Devi Mariamdaran Chethiyar,

Senior Lecturer, Psychology & Counselling Program, School of Applied Psychology, Social Work
and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University Utara Malaysia

Norazhan Mohamad Abstract

Marzuki Penipuan ‘Macau Scam’ merupakan satu bentuk jenayah siber yang merupakan suatu jenayah
ERCICSSH2012097 yang melibatkan penggunaan peralatan perhubungan/ telekomunikasi di mana mangsa yang
diperdayakan akan memindahkan wang kepada pihak ketiga atau memberikan penjenayah akses
kepada akaun perbankan milik mangsa. Mengikut statistik yang direkodkan Jabatan Siasatan
Jenayah Komersil Kontinjen Perlis menunjukan peningkatan kes saban tahun sejak tahun 2016
hingga tahun 2019. Terdapat pelbagai kempen dan peringatan telah dikeluarkan oleh pihak
berkuasa namun kes penipuan ‘Macau Scam’ ini terus berlaku. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk
mengkaji tahap kefahaman masyarakat di Negeri Perlis tentang jenayah ini, Mengapa kes
penipuan ini terus berlaku peningkatan?. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif iaitu
kaedah tinjauan dengan menggunakan soal selidik terhadap penduduk Negari Perlis yang
merupakan mangsa penipuan ‘Macau Scam’. Dapatan kajian ini dijangkakan akan dapat
mengenalpasti tahap kefahaman masyarakat Negeri Perlis tentang penipuan ‘Macau Scam’ dan
apa langkah yang boleh diambil dalam menangani peningkatan jumlah kes penipuan ‘Macau
Scam”.
Case Study: Behavioral Exploration and Intervention in Reality Therapy for Juvenile Offenders

Mohd. Aizad Johari

School of Applied Psychology, Social Work and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University
Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia

Saralah Devi Mariamdaran Chethiyar,

Senior Lecturer, Psychology & Counselling Program, School of Applied Psychology, Social Work
and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University Utara Malaysia
Mohd. Aizad Johari
ERCICSSH2012098
Abstract
The involvement of children and adolescents in criminal offenses is a worrying issue as they are the
future inheritor of the nation’s leadership. Many factors influence them to commit a crime even
when they were still young and have limited experience. A counselling session was conducted to
seven randomly selected participants in juvenile detention centres with different background. The
purpose of this counselling session is to explore their feelings and behaviours to explain the
problems faced that can lead to abnormal behaviour. The session was divided into three main
activities using artwork as a medium of exploration and the intervention will be conducted at the
end of the session to give them advice on how to build a strong personality and create a positive
attitude while serving their full sentence. The results of the study showed that the effective
explorations towards the client's feeling can provide counsellors with the vital information in
assessing each client’s behaviour based on the acceptance and reactions. As the counsellors will be
facilitated in selecting the right therapy and inspire the clients to change their behaviour after at the
end of the session. The sessions need to be held in a relaxed condition so that the clients can provide
better cooperation without being influenced by external factors such as interruption by the warden
and time constraints.
Keywords: Adolescents, Behaviour, Art Therapy, Counselling

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 21

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

The Alarming Rate of Fatal Road Accidents Influenced by Reckless Drivers

Nur Hanim Khairul Azman

School of Applied Psychology, Social Work and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University
Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia

Saralah Devi Mariamdaran Chethiyar,

Senior Lecturer, Psychology & Counselling Program, School of Applied Psychology, Social Work
and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University Utara Malaysia
Nur Hanim Khairul
Azman Abstract
ERCICSSH2012099 Kemalangan maut merupakan salah satu masalah utama yang akan memberi kesan negatif kepada
negara dari pelbagai aspek iaitu ekonomi, sosial dan politik. Tidak dapat dinafikan kemalangan
maut bukan hanya mengorbankan nyawa serta akan menyebabkan kerugian harta benda. Faktor
utama yang dapat dikesan dalam menyebabkan berlakunya kemalangan maut di Malaysia ialah
faktor manusia yang merupakan pengguna jalan raya terutama pemandu dan penunggang
kenderaan serta pejalan kaki. Penemuan kajian mendapati 98% punca kemalangan maut adalah
disebabkan oleh faktor kemanusiaan. Terdapat pelbagai sikap pengguna jalanraya yang positif
mahupun negatif. Sikap pengguna jalanraya yang positif ialah sifat-sifat pemandu yang sabar,
cermat, sopan dan bertimbang rasa. Manakala sikap negatif iaitu sikap suka memandu laju dan
melulu disebabkan faktor tekanan masa seperti ingin cepat sampai dan terlewat untuk ke tempat
kerja. Terdapat juga pengguna jalanraya yang memandu laju disebabkan inginkan cabaran dan
keseronokan yang akan mengundang kepada berlakunya kemalangan maut. Serta terdapat juga
pemandu yang memandu di bawah pengaruh alkohol (mabuk) yang melebihi had minimum yang
telah ditetapkan sehingga menyebabkan kematian kepada pengguna jalanraya yang lain. Kajian ini
dijalankan adalah untuk mengkaji punca mengapa dan kenapa kemalangan maut sering berlaku
dan sikap pengguna jalanraya dengan keterlibatan dalam kemalangan maut di Malaysia. Selain itu,
kajian ini juga bertujuan untuk mencari kaedah dan cara yang sesuai bagi mengurangkan
kemalangan maut.
Keywords: Fatal Road Accidents, Reckless Drivers, Malaysia
Conducting Research on the Attitude of Malaysians during Covid-19: Movement Control Order

Shamzury Saman
School of Applied Psychology, Social Work and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University
Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia

Saralah Devi Mariamdaran Chethiyar,

Senior Lecturer, Psychology & Counselling Program, School of Applied Psychology, Social Work
and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University Utara Malaysia
Shamzury Saman
ERCICSSH2012100 Abstract
Pandemik koronavirus (Covid-19) mula dikesan di Wuhan, China pada pertengahan Disember
2019 serta disahkan merebak di Malaysia pada 25 Januari 2020. Sehingga kini sebanyak 8,494 kes
Covid-19 telah terkesan di Malaysia. Bagi mengekang pertambahan kes positif Covid-19 dalam
Negara, kerajaan Malaysia telah melaksanakan pelbagai langkah dan peraturan seperti Perintah
Kawalan Pergerakan (PKP), Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan Diperketatkan (PKPD), Perintah
Kawalan Pergerakan Bersyarat (PKPB), dan Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan Pemulihan (PKPP).
Semasa PKP dilaksanakan, semua pergerakan dan perhimpunan di seluruh Negara termasuk
aktiviti keagamaan, sukan, sosial dan budaya adalah dilarang. PKPD yang dijalankan di kawasan-
kawasan tertentu, menggariskan panduan dimana tiada siapa yang dibenarkan untuk masuk atau
keluar dari kawasan terbabit. Aktiviti dan sektor ekonomi dibenarkan beroperasi dengan syarat
mematuhi prosedur operasi standard (SOP) yang dikemukan sepanjang PKPB manakala PKPP
pula merupakan fasa pemulihan, yang bermula pada 10 Jun 2020 dan berakhir pada 31 Ogos 2020 ,
dimana aktiviti rentas negeri telah dibenarkan. Peningkatan jumlah kes positif wabak ini
menunjukkan bahawa wujudnya beberapa isu yang mengakibatkan berlakunya penyebaran Covid-
19, dimana salah satunya adalah pelanggaran Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan (PKP) oleh segelintir
masyarakat di Malaysia. Kajian ini dilaksanakan bagi mengupas mengenai faktor-faktor yang

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 22

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

mempengaruhi tingkah laku masyarakat Malaysia sehingga mengakibatkan pelanggaran Perintah

Kawalan Pergerakan (PKP). Hasil kajian ini diperolehi melalui kaedah kuantitatif iaitu kajian soal
selidik yang memfokuskan sejumlah masyarakat di Malaysia yang terdiri daripada pelbagai kaum,
peringkat umur serta tahap pendidikan yang berbeza. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa
terdapat beberapa faktor yang dikenal pasti telah mempengaruhi tingkah laku segelintir
masyarakat yang melanggar PKP seperti tahap kesedaran diri yang rendah, sikap tidak
bertanggungjawab, masalah kekeluargaan, berlakunya hal kecemasan, panggilan untuk bekerja
dan sebagainya. Justeru itu, masyarakat perlu diberikan penekanan terutamanya terhadap faktor
kesedaran diri melalui pelaksanaan hukuman yang lebih berat seperti mengenakan kadar
kompaun yang lebih tinggi seperti yang termaktub dalam Akta Pencegahan Dan Pengawalan
Penyakit Berjangkit 1998 (Akta 342), dipenjarakan dengan tempoh yang lama, dan sebagainya
sebagai langkah membanteras kadar jenayah pelanggaran PKP sekali gus mengekang wabak
Covid-19 di Malaysia.
Katakunci: Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan (PKP), Tingkah laku manusia, Tidak
bertanggungjawab, Covid-19, Akta Pencegahan Dan Pengawalan Penyakit Berjangkit 1998 (Akta
342).
Corona Pandemic Lockdown: Entrancing Family Activities at Home

Ahmad Salimi Md. Ali

School of Applied Psychology, Social Work and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University
Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia

Saralah Devi Mariamdaran Chethiyar,

Senior Lecturer, Psychology & Counselling Program, School of Applied Psychology, Social Work
and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University Utara Malaysia
Ahmad Salimi Md. Ali
Abstract
ERCICSSH2012101
The deadly coronavirus pandemic has led to mass lockdown in many countries, a measure taken to
break the infection chain. Stay at home, avoid close contact and social distancing were among the
propaganda of new lifestyle to be adopted by everyone. It is indeed a challenging psychological
journey especially in the context of family. This study examines home activities during lockdown
that involves entire family members. With all family members at home, a different dimension of
bondage needs to be realized to make the stay at home a memorable experience. Parents' role is
crucial in creating conducive and receptive environment at home for children which will entice
them to participate in home activities which will relax their minds after series of online school
lessons. Tired and bored with the overwhelming online lessons, children may choose to glue
themselves to gadgets. Planning and organising group activities participated by entire family
members will divert their attention from such gadgets. This study was conducted as an exploratory
study in the context of suitable activities in home environment. The activities can range from indoor
games, artistic activities, cooking, gardening, indoor aerobic exercise, house cleaning, car washing,
watching movies and reading. Such activities will stimulate competitive spirit, creative thinking,
mental and physical fitness, experience the nature, gain knowledge and above all have fun. These
activities enable parents to spend quality time with the children and strengthens the family
bondage. Home sweet home.
Keywords: Lockdown, Stay at Home, Family Bondage, Home activities.
Emotional Effect Due to Domestic Violence Against Women in Perlis, Malaysia

Muzlifah Azmi
School of Applied Psychology, Social Work and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University
Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia

Saralah Devi Mariamdaran Chethiyar,

Senior Lecturer, Psychology & Counselling Program, School of Applied Psychology, Social Work
and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University Utara Malaysia

Muzlifah Azmi Abstract

ERCICSSH2012102 Domestic violence cases have been reportedly increased on daily basis. This study focuses to

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 23

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

examine emotions experienced by women who are the victims of domestic violence in Perlis .This
study aims to investigate the women's perception of domestic violence itself, the impact experienced
by women as the victims of domestic violence and other forms of support they need. This qualitative
study was conducted on women who were the victims of domestic violence living in Perlis through a
thorough interview method by releasing key themes and other supporting themes to support the
findings. The data were analyzed using content analysis method. Psychoanalysis theory was used to
understand the emotional impact on the victims of domestic violence.
Keywords:Domestic Violence,Emotion,Women
Work Overload Influencing Work Quality in Royal Malaysia Polis, Kedah

Zulkifli Yahaya
School of Applied Psychology, Social Work and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University
Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia

Saralah Devi Mariamdaran Chethiyar,

Senior Lecturer, Psychology & Counselling Program, School of Applied Psychology, Social Work
Zulkifli Yahaya and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University Utara Malaysia
ERCICSSH2012103
Abstract
Pasukan Polis Di Raja Malaysia merupakan badan penguatkuasa utama negara. Tugas sebagai
anggota PDRM menuntut kesiapsiagaan sepanjang masa dalam menghadapi sebarang
kemungkinan yang di luar jangkaan. Bekerja di antara 200 ke 300 jam di dalam tempoh sebulan
merupakan realiti yang terpaksa di hadapi oleh seorang anggota di dalam PDRM. Terdapat juga
bagaimana seorang anggota PDRM yang bertugas di bahagian dan cawangan yang telah di
tetapkan terpaksa di gerakkan untuk berkerja bagi tugasan lain kerana tugas hakiki yang perlu di
gerakkan sedemikian akibat kekangan anggota bagi menjalankan tugas tersebut. Mengikut laporan
jumlah perjawatan yang di ambil dari Jabatan Pengurusan Bukit Aman pada tahun 2019
menunjukkan jumlah penduduk Negeri Kedah adalah seramai 2,185,000 orang dan jumlah
perjawatan bagi PDRM Kedah seramai 5,681 dengan nisbah kekuatan tugas 1 polis : 468 jumlah
penduduk di negeri Kedah. Ini menunjukkan seorang anggota PDRM di negeri Kedah terpaksa
menanggung beban kerja yang tinggi akibat jumlah penduduk yang ramai. Kajian ini dijalankan
adalah untuk mengkaji beban kerja yang mempengaruhi kualiti kerja di dalam organisasi PDRM
di negeri Kedah. Faktor organisasi (seperti pentadbiran, jabatan dan lain-lain) dan operasi adalah
merupakan faktor-faktor yang menyumbang kepada beban kerja yang tinggi kepada Pegawai
Polis. Apakah faktor-faktor beban kerja yang mempengaruhi kualiti kerja dalam kalangan anggota
PDRM di negeri Kedah. Ditambah pula saban hari kita mendengar persepsi masyarakat terhadap
kualiti kerja oleh PDRM dipertikai menyebabkan berlaku lebih banyak aduan dilaporkan oleh
netizen. Masalah bebanan kerja yang mempengaruhi kualiti kerja dalam kalangan anggota PDRM
masih lagi berlaku. Justeru, beberapa langkah perlu dilakukan bagi mengekang permasalahan ini.
KATA KUNCI : Beban Kerja, Kualiti Kerja, Organisasi Pdrm.
Level of Knowledge and Awareness of Traffic Offenders Towards Aspect of Road Safety

Mohd Fairus Md Akhir

School of Applied Psychology, Social Work and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University
Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia

Saralah Devi Mariamdaran Chethiyar,

Senior Lecturer, Psychology & Counselling Program, School of Applied Psychology, Social Work
and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University Utara Malaysia

Mohd Fairus Md Abstract

Akhir In Malaysia the knowledge and awareness with regards to road safety is still require attention
ERCICSSH2012104 where it become a focus after an accident had occurred. This study was carried out based on the
model of Knowledge, Awareness and Practices (KAP). Objective of this research is to identify level
of knowledge and awareness of the respondents on road safety and assess if knowledge can
influence awareness on road safety and surface the difference between knowledge and awareness
based on demographic parameters. In this research, 248 respondents were engaged in a

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 24

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

questionnaire session and the data was analysed using statistical inference, T- tests and Anova to
present the correlation between knowledge, awareness and demographic factors. This analysis is
expected to benefit researchers as reference material.
Keyword: Road Safety, Knowledge, Awareness, Traffic Offenders
Research on the Flooding of Rohingya Refugees Ethnic in Kedah, Malaysia

Mohd Azim Said

School of Applied Psychology, Social Work and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University
Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia

Mohd Azim Said Saralah Devi Mariamdaran Chethiyar,

RCICSSH2012105 Senior Lecturer, Psychology & Counselling Program, School of Applied Psychology, Social Work
and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University Utara Malaysia

Abstract
Kemajuan dan kemakmuran bumi Malaysia telah menyebabkan negara ini menjadi destinasi dan
tumpuan warga Pendatang Asing Tanpa Izin (PATI). Justeru itu, ia seringkali menjadi polemik
yang sering dibincangkan di media sosial, media massa dan rencana didalam sesuatu program oleh
pelbagai pihak terutama Pertubuhan bukan kerajaan (NGO) mahupun dari para ilmuan. Acapkali
kedengaran pelbagai isu yang dibangkitkan oleh lapisan masyarakat di dalam negara, antaranya
isu penyeludupan migran, gejala sosial, kerugian kutipan levi, masalah jenayah dan sebagainya. Isu
pelarian Rohingya dan toleransi masyarakat Malaysia terhadap PATI, menjadi tumpuan nasional
apabila masalah kebanjiran ini dipolitikkan oleh sesetengah pihak bagi menimbulkan sentimen anti
pelarian di Malaysia semasa pandemik Covid-19. Kajian membincangkan isu yang menjadi
perdebatan iaitu kebanjiran pelarian yang melibatkan etnik Rohingya di Negeri Kedah, Malaysia.
Kajian kuantitatif berdasarkan dapatan dan perolehan respoden 269 etnik Rohingya yang
mendarat di Pulau Langkawi pada 07 Jun 2020. Data kajian dianalisis secara manual dan
dipersembahkan berdasarkan objektif kajian. Dapatan kajian mengenalpasti faktor menolak
seperti dasar kerajaan yang tidak menghentikan kekerasan mereka di wilayah Rakhine,
diskriminasi status kewarganegaran, agama dan pendidikan di samping faktor menarik kehadiran
etnik Rohingya ke Kedah seperti keindahan masyarakat, keamanan dan kestabilan ekonomi
Malaysia. Malaysia mempunyai majoriti penduduk Islam telah menarik puluhan ribu pelarian
Muslim etnik Rohingya. Selain itu, beberapa permasalahan berkaitan isu kebanjiran pelarian etnik
Rohinya di negeri Kedah turut dikenalpasti. Kajian mencadangkan agar isu kebanjiran pelarian
etnik Rohinya yang menjurus kepada masalah sosial dan isu pemerdagangan orang ini menjadi
keutamaan kepada pihak berkuasa untuk ditangani khususnya dalam aspek keselamatan negara
dan juga aspek nilai kemanusiaan sejagat.
Katakunci: penyeludupan migran, Pendatang Tanpa Izin, Rohingya, Keselamatan, Perlarian
A Case Study on Prevention of Crime Act (POCA) in the Perspective of Reality Theory

Venothiney Dewi Muniandy

School of Applied Psychology, Social Work and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University
Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia

Saralah Devi Mariamdaran Chethiyar,

Senior Lecturer, Psychology & Counselling Program, School of Applied Psychology, Social Work
and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University Utara Malaysia

Abstract
Venothiney Dewi The Prevention of Crime Act (POCA) 2014 is an act enacted to deal with criminal activities such as
Muniandy gangs, organized crime, drugs and human trafficking. The Act is intended to regulate criminals,
ERCICSSH2012106 gangsters, individuals who threaten national security and related matters. In this study, the
researcher examines the behavior of the client under the crime prevention act (POCA) based on the
theory of Reality. An interview was conducted with a client who received a restraining order at the
Police Station, Gurun, Kedah. Client shared personal and family backgrounds and shared current
issues. The purpose of this session is to explore the client's experiences, thoughts, feelings and
behaviors. This study used a quasi-experimental qualitative method which is containing treatment

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 25

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

and control groups. The respondent of this study was a man who obtained a restraining order at
Police Station, Gurun, Kedah. Respondent was randomly selected from the Police Station, Gurun,
Kedah. The results of this study were obtained from the observation and the interview. Reality
Theory used to explore the client’s issues. The facilitator also conducted an intervention with the
client during this session so that the client can improve themselves. The client acquired awareness
and made planning to achieve his goals. Reality Theory aided the facilitator to study the client's
behavior. It was observed that this session enabled the client to uplift the confidence to live the life.
Keywords: Interview, Theory Reality, Restraining order, Intervention, Goals
Review on Issues Related to Contraband Cigarettes at North Malaysia Entry Points

Kamalahasan Vijayan
School of Applied Psychology, Social Work and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University
Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia

Saralah Devi Mariamdaran Chethiyar,

Senior Lecturer, Psychology & Counselling Program, School of Applied Psychology, Social Work
and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University Utara Malaysia
Kamalahasan Vijayan
ERCICSSH2012107 Abstract
Industri tembakau di negara kita merupakan ekonomi yang sangat besar dan berjaya. Jesteru itu
segelintir pembekal mengambil kesempatan ini untuk mengaut keuntungan yang tinggi dengan
menjual rokok yang belum lulus kastam yang merupakan salah di sisi undang-undang negara kita.
Kemasukan sempadan yang mudah, margin keuntungan yang tinggi dan dan permintaan yang
tinggi di pasaran menjadikan Malaysia adalah pengguna tertinggi rokok haram di dunia.
Walaupun pelbagai langah pencegahan diambil oleh kerajaan namun isu penyeludupan rokok
haram sering dibincangkan di media massa dan media sosial namun penggunaan rokok haram
meningkat dari tahun ke tahun di negara kita mengakibatkan ketirisan hasil berbillion ringgit dan
pelbagai masalah kesihatan kepada pengguna. Objektif kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji
persepsi dan tingkahlaku pembekal dan peniaga yang menjadi orang penghantaran antara
penyeludup dan pengguna. Kajian ini akan cuba mengupas isu penyeludupan di sempadan pintu
masuk negara terutamanya di negeri-negeri utara. Data kajian dianalisis secara penyelidikan
eksploratori kerana masalah ini belum pernah dikaji atau diteliti secara menyeluruh pada masa
yang lalu. Dapatan kajian akan mengenalpasti kelemahan-kelemahan pihak berkuasa yang
mengawal sempadan, dan membantu kerajaan kita untuk memperbaiki kelemahan tersebut agar
tidak berlaku ketirisan hasil.
An Analysis of Adolescents Aggressive Behavior Pattern among Illegal Motorcycle Racers in Perlis

Mageswaran Senderal
School of Applied Psychology, Social Work and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University
Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia

Saralah Devi Mariamdaran Chethiyar,

Senior Lecturer, Psychology & Counselling Program, School of Applied Psychology, Social Work
and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University Utara Malaysia
Mageswaran Senderal
ERCICSSH2012108 Abstract
In Malaysia, illegal motorcycle racers (locally known as Mat Rempit or Samseng Jalanan), not only
endangered themselves but also threaten other road users while racing and performing dangerous
action stunts on the road. This study is aimed to identify the patterns of adolescents aggressive
behavior involving in illegal motorcycle racing in Kangar, Perlis. This cross-sectional study will
involve 50 adolescents who were engaged in illegal motorcycle street racing in Kangar, Perlis and
will be required to complete aggression questionnaires (AQ). The data will be collected using
validated questionnaires - the Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire to assess aggressiveness.
However, it is imperative to understand their level of aggression beforehand in order to develop a
suitable program for this special group of adolescents as well as to find ways to channel their
sensation seeking behavior or aggression to positive effect. This research will use the Social
Learning Theory by Akers.

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 26

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

Keywords: Adolescents, Aggressive Behavior, Pattern, Illegal Motorcycle Racer

Cognitive Behavior Theory of Prisoner Custody Offence (PCO): Case Study

Mohd Nor Hafiz Mohd Wazir

School of Applied Psychology, Social Work and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University
Utara Malaysia., Sintok, Malaysia

Saralah Devi Mariamdaran Chethiyar,

Senior Lecturer, Psychology & Counselling Program, School of Applied Psychology, Social Work
and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University Utara Malaysia

Abstract
Mohd Nor Hafiz Mohd
The case study focusses on the contributing factors related to crime recurrence until sentenced to
Wazir
deportation (PCO) to the police station Gurun, IPD Kuala Muda, Kedah. Respondents represent a
ERCICSSH2012109
Malay man who was charged and sentenced to banishment. This study was conducted to identify
the factors that lead to recidivism. The study focused on the client's behavioral and cognitive and
this study is used a qualitative approach. The findings of this study found that among the factors
that cause people to be active in crime is relatively due to high income earned by committing the
crime. The result of the session was to see a family concept and how future planning is done and to
give some basic knowledge as a mean to deal with offender's life in the long run. It is expected that
the knowledge given can be used as a mean for the offenders to serve their sentence well and at the
same time they can integrate well and be able to go hand in hand with the community.
Keywords: Case Studies, Social Cognitive Behavioral Theory, Prisoner Custody Option {PCO}
The Need of Community Based Post Release and Aftercare Program (PRACP) in Malaysia
Criminal Justice System

Dr. Mohd Alif Jasni

School of Applied Psychology, Social Work and Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University
Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia

Siti Hajar Abu Bakar Ah

Department of Social Justice & Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences & Art, University of
Dr. Mohd Alif Jasni Malaya
ERCICSSH2012110
Jal Zabdi Mohd Yusoff
Faculty of Law, University of Malaya

Norruzeyati Mad Nasir

School of Applied Psychology, Social Work & Policy, Northern University of Malaysia

Abstract
To this day, the absence of a full reintegration program is available to all prisoners who will be
released in Malaysia. The Parole and Halfway Houses Program provided are considered to be
selective in the selection of residents as well as capacity constraints to be provided to all released
prisoners. This led to the initiative of writing this concept paper in proposing the implementation of
a community-based Post Release and Advanced Care program that would be known as the PRACP.
Keep in mind that, there are still no standards set for a truly efficient re-integration program. The
worldwide re-integration programs are varied and vary by country. However, in this concept paper,
the design proposal of this program is only based on the library method; which is to examine the
documents and the web pages in support of the discussion of this whole paper. It is hoped that such
concept papers can be a guide in proposing the PRACP in the Malaysian criminal justice system.
The design of the PRACP will be supported by existing reintegration programs around the world.
This is to prove that this PRACP is very important to introduce. The concept paper is intended to
provide a sense of awareness to the Malaysian Prison Department to make it an initiative for
immediate action.
Zitong Zhao The Impact of Vehicle Collateral Service Quality on Customer Purchasing Decision Process
ERCICSSH2013058

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 27

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

Zitong Zhao
Department of Liberal Arts and Science, Northeast Yucai Academy, China

Abstract
What are the dominant factors that drive people to purchase electronic vehicles? Conventional
wisdom considers the ratio of vehicle’s inherent usable quality to its price, that the higher a
vehicle’s mechanic quality while the lower its rate, the more likely such vehicle shall be preferred
by consumers. However, it is also important to acknowledge not only market rates or inherent
quality have significant impact on drivers’ user experience, but also collateral services that
supplement driving demands. Those service include the expanse, accessibility and convenience of
fueling, road assistance, customer service as well as auto-repairing. In this research project, I probe
the importance of such collateral services in influencing once auto-purchase decision. I collect data
on sales-related quantitative information of both clean energy vehicles and conventional fossil fuel
energy vehicles in China between the period from 2014 to 2020. Using econometric methods, my
analysis yields great support to my theory that collateral service has the most vital effect on
individual purchasing decision-making process. My study has important contribution to
entrepreneurship management in auto producing and sales sectors.
Yingxin Liang Eliminating Poverty: The Positive Welfare Effect of Food Prices Control in China
ERCICSSH2013059
Yingxin Liang
Department of IB, Renmin University Affiliated School in China, Beijing, China

Abstract
What are the factors that decrease the level of poverty in China? As a developing country, the
Chinese administration has long been dedicated in alleviating and then eliminating extreme poverty
at its domestic level. Such effort has been proved to be effective along with Chinese economic rise in
the last two decades. A large and growing body of literature has been written to praise China’s
accomplishments, whereas from little to no studies have been done to probe how the administration
managed to achieve this goal. Yet, the answer to this question is crucial to understand the Chinese
political economy. In this article, I delve into this research question using quantitative methods. I
collect data on economic indicators for Chinese civilians’ level of poverty as well as a series of
factors potentially affect poverty, this is the first original dataset of its kind. Using time-series
regression methods, I found strong evidence that Chinese government’s interferences of food prices
contributes to its effort to eliminate poverty, that food prices stability under government control has
significant welfare effects on the economic well-being of poor people in China. My study has strong
implications to the political economy of poverty and the politics of China.
Keywords: Food Prices, Poverty, China
Qichen Tan Feeding the Civilians: Food Prices Fluctuation in China’s during COVID-19
ERCICSSH2013060
Qichen Tan
Department of Arts and Science, McKinney Christian Academy, McKinney, USA

Abstract
A large and growing body of literature has been written on the issue of food commodity price’
volatility in developing countries. The consumption of food products, unlike that of luxury goods, is
compulsory to the public, thereby the stability of food prices strongly presents the level of social
welfare in a given country. Since January 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant
negative effect on the Chinese economy. With unprecedentedly harsh quarantine regulations
implemented by the Chinese central government, millions of people were asked to stay in-home
which directly cause the partial freezing of the Chinese national economy, particularly
manufactures industries—China’s major source of state income. If and how these negative
economic effects have impact on food commodity prices in China? The answer to this question is
important to our understanding of the robustness of the Chinese economy to internal shocks.
Unfortunately, no existing studies have looked into this research question. In this paper, using an
original dataset of chicken meat prices in Wuhan City, the center of China’s pandemic, I found
strong evidence that food prices fluctuation has been largely immune to in-state shocks. My study
has important implication to the political economy of commodity prices and the study of Chinese

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 28

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

politics.
Keywords: Food Prices, China, COVID-19
Shaul Gabbay A Social Network Approach for Explaining Challenges of Implementing Democracy in the Muslim
ERCICSSH2013068 World: The Case of Mauritania

Shaul Gabbay
Global Research Institute, Denver, USA

Abstract
Mauritania’s first free and fair presidential election in 2007 gave rise to hopes that this former
Islamic Republic––the last to abolish slavery––would become a beacon of democratic values and
institutions. Instead, Mauritania became the quintessential example that elections do not equate to
democracy. Using a Social Network approach, this paper points to key factors contributing to this
failure. The conclusions of the paper highlight overarching challenges many traditional Muslim
societies experience in their transition to true democracy.
Impact Of Bank-Specific and Macroeconomic Determinants on Financial Performance in
Commercial Banks – Case Study in Thailand and Vietnam

Vanney Keo
Faculty of Economics, Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand

Abstract
Bank-specific and macroeconomic factors play a pivotal role on banks’ profitability since they
Vanney Keo provide guideline to bank officers, management team, and investors to have more comprehensive
ERCICBELLP2013054 outlook of how the commercial banks’ profitability will be affected by both factors, and provide
evidences for further regulations as well as policy implications. This research is to investigate the
impact of bank-specific and macroeconomic determinants on financial performance in commercial
banks in Thailand and Vietnam by employing two models which are Panel data regression model
and Generalized Method of Moment (GMM). The unbalanced quarterly panel data from 11
commercial banks and 11 joint-stock commercial banks in Thailand and Vietnam respectively in
the period of 2000 to 2018 are employed in this study. The empirical result shows that bank
characteristic determinants and macroeconomic determinants like concentration ratio do affect
return on equity (ROE) and return on asset (ROA) as financial performance indicator, and LNZ-
SCORE as bank risk indicator in commercial banks in Thailand. Meanwhile, total deposit to total
asset ratio, non-performing loan ratio, bank capital ratio, total loans to total asset ratio, natural
logarithm of total assets and revenue diversifications which are the bank-specific factors have
statistically significant effects to ROA, ROE, as well as LNZ-SCORE in Vietnam. Likewise,
macroeconomic determinants particularly GDP growth also influence to ROA and LNZ-SCORE in
Joint-stock commercial banks in Vietnam.
Keywords: Bank-Specific Factors, Macroeconomic Factors, Bank’s Profitability, Bank Risks
Green Supply Chain Management and Operational Performance: A Case Study at 5-Star Hotel in
Bali

I Ketut Astawa
Tourism Department, Politeknik Negeri Bali, Badung, Indonesia

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the practices of environmentally friendly management
I Ketut Astawa carried out by hospitality industry in greening the supply chain and how these practices influence
ERCICSSH2014055 the operational performance. The hospitality industry is considered a tertiary industry, but it can
have an impact on environmental sustainability. The hospitality industry has an important role in
developing the tourism industry in Bali. The tourism sector in Bali is a potential sector to support
the agriculture and food sector. More and more hotels are now implementing environmentally
friendly practices in their supply chain management, either due to environmental government
regulations or pressure from stakeholders. It is important to take action to reduce the
environmental impacts associated with the hotel industry. Customers have started looking for
environmentally friendly products to buy and have begun demanding that the company have a

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 29

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

green system. The company plays an integrated role to prevent environmental impacts by using
green supply chain management as an environmentally friendly approach. Case study research is
used to validate the research framework and convenience sampling is used to select companies as
samples. The required information is obtained from suppliers of food and beverage, room supplies,
chemicals and Spa. All selected companies have made great efforts in managing supply chains that
are environmentally friendly. The results show that there is a positive relationship between
environmentally friendly supply chain practices and operational performance. The study results
also found that the adoption of environmentally friendly practices in supply chain management has
a positive impact on operational performance. Green practices can be a key driver for raising
environmental awareness for stakeholders and should be a priority in the tourism sector.
Keywords: Management, Green Supply Chain, Environment, Performance
Protection Policy for Women and Children in Makassar City

Saenab Saenab
Faculties of Social and Political Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract
This study aims to describe and analyze the implementation of protection policies for women and
children in Makassar City. This study uses a qualitative design and case study strategy to explain
the implementation of policies for protecting women and children in the Makassar City of
Saenab Saenab Makassar. Data collection techniques used were observation, depth-interviews, and documentation.
The data processing technique used is data reduction through data categorization and classification.
ERCICSSH2014058
Based on the results of research on the implementation of policies on the protection of women and
children in the Office of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection, Makassar City is still not
optimal. This is caused by the accuracy of the budget allocation, even though it is in accordance
with the program prepared but not yet in accordance with the existing budgetary needs. Internal
public support, especially community shelters, is still low and depends on the operational budget of
the operational budget of the APBD, another weakness lies in the ability of the executive officer to
evaluate the community shelter who are not active and the ability to convince the private sector and
donor agencies. It is recommended to strengthen the institutions responsible for implementing
policies on the protection of women and children, especially P2TP2A, TRC and community shelters
in the form of budget availability, supporting facilities and technical authority in collaboration and
innovation.
Keywords: Implementation, protection policy, women and children
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre and Christian Jerusalem: A Religious and Political History into
Jeffrey Chen the Latin Kingdom
ERCICSSH2014061
Jeffrey Chen
Newport High School, Bellevue, WA, U.S.A

Abstract
This article examines changes to the role of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre (CHS) from its
construction to the Latin Kingdom and argues that these changes reflect shifts in Christian
perception of sacred space. When it was first built, the CHS was only a monument to the profound
event of Christ’s resurrection. During the Heraclian dynasty of the Byzantine Empire, the very
structure of the CHS became sacred and Jerusalem became revered as the city of the Holy
Sepulchre. As Muslims conquered Jerusalem in the late 7th century AD, the CHS became
increasingly emblematic of Christianity itself. Eventually, the CHS was used as a rallying cry to
incite European Christians into a crusade against Islam. During the Crusader Period, the CHS was
transformed into a symbol of Frankish power over the region. As pilgrims became more intimate
with the CHS, the sacred geography of Jerusalem was expanded from only the CHS to include sites
encompassing all aspects of Jesus’s life, and Jerusalem became the city of the Humanity of Christ.
With these changes to the roles of the CHS, Christians went from originally distrusting sacred
space, to embracing the church as their sole axis mundus (sacred space), to accepting the presence
of multiple axis mundi on earth; the CHS was among them.
Keywords: Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem, Christianity, Sacred Space.

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 30

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

The Beauty of Islam and Democracy in a Secular Society

Ibrahim Anyass Alhassan

Research and Advocacy, Ansarudeenul Islamieya, Accra, Ghana

Abstract
Islam is a religion of democratic values based on conviction NOT compulsion. This implies that the
right to decide to be a Muslim is a matter of personal volition. The Quran is unambiguous on this
principle, as it states: "There is no compulsion in (the Islamic) Religion." (Quran 2: 255-256).
Societies are allowed to live by the values and faith they believe in. For instance, anyone has the
Ibrahim Anyass right and liberty to believe in Christianity, Judaism or Islam. Freedoms of expression and of
Alhassan assembly are of essence in determining the right decision among different views, and opposition is
ERCICSSH2014063 indispensable in the practice and consolidation of democracy. This Study analyzes selected Quranic
texts and Hadiths that justify and promote the culture of democracy in all civilized societies. The
objective is to showcase the healthy relationship between Islam and democracy as a catalyst for the
promotion of global peace and interfaith harmony. The Study uses a qualitative method by
employing samples from religious scholars, experts and references from other studies and from
secular viewpoints to examine the position of democracy in Islam in the context of global stability.
Key among the findings is that there is a significant relationship between Islam and democracy.
Evidence also confirms that the link between Islam and democracy is globally productive if it is well
handled. The Study, therefore, recommends a hybrid version of democracy characterized by
secular ideals and Islamic principles as part of efforts to ensure global peace, stability, and
development.
Keywords: Democracy, globalization, Islam, Secular, Quran.
A Study of Priority Principle in Indonesian Agrarian Law System

Sri Winarsi
Faculty of Law, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

Abstract
Land rights in agrarian law consist of two types, namely land rights for a specified period and land
rights with no specific period. Community’s lack of understanding regarding land rights over a
specified period has caused problems in the community; precisely, if the land rights have expired,
the government will erase the rights and claim it as state-owned land. However, the previous
Sri Winarsi landowners assumed that the existing building was their property even though the land rights had
ERCICBELLP2014087 been terminated. There is a high number of disputes over ownership of land rights due to maturity.
Therefore, we examine the existence of priority principles in the acquisition of land rights that have
matured. The research is qualitative legal research that uses the statutory approach, conceptual
approach, and case approach. Results show that the holder of land rights that have matured can be
given a priority in regaining land rights, but with certain conditions set by the government.
Keywords: Land Rights, Priority Principle, Indonesian Agrarian Law
Boy Yendra Tamin The Potential of Customary Institutions in Village Government in Indonesia: Study in West
ERCICBELLP2014088 Sumatra Province Itle

Boy Yendra Tamin

Faculty of Law, Universitas Bung Hatta, Padang, Indonesia

Abstract
This study discusses corruption issues in Indonesia, where the reality of corruption is not only a
problem in the upper-level government, but has touched the lowest level of governance by the
number of cases that tend to increase. Data shows that corruption at the lowest level of governance
shows different characters and causes compared to corruption in the upper level government, so
prevention of corruption with common patterns is not fully enforceable. The research focuses on
developing a corruption prevention model based on local wisdom in the lowest government (the
village/Nagari) in Indonesia focusing on optimizing the role and function of indigenous institutions
integrated with formal governmental organizations. This research is sociological law research. In
this study used several approaches; Conceptual approach and a case approach combined with

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 31

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

development research. The results showed that the culture (local wisdom) empowering indigenous
institutions in the implementation of the lowest government such as (the village/Nagari) in
Indonesia has a strong influence on corruption prevention efforts. The functionalization of the
customary institutions is very effective in preventing corruption when institutions and formal
surveillance systems have limitations in overseeing the lowest governance. The research also shows
that modern corruption prevention systems are not necessarily effective in preventing corruption
when faced with certain and varied social conditions.
The Influence of Technopreneurship Scientific Learning, and Prior Knowledge towards Ability to
Identify Entrepreneurial Opportunities in Technical and Vocational Education Students

Hendra Hidayat
Faculty of Teaching and Education Science, Universitas Bung Hatta, Padang, Indonesia

Abstract
The low prior knowledge of entrepreneurship and learning that is not interesting and boring is
assumed to have an impact on the ability to identify entrepreneurial opportunities in Technical and
Vocational Education Students. The purpose of this research is to describe and test the influence of
Hendra Hidayat Technopreneurship Scientific Learning, and Prior Knowledge Towards Ability to Identify
ERCICBELLP2014089 Entrepreneurial Opportunities. This research uses quantitative methods with descriptive
correlational. The population is all students who take entrepreneurship courses in Higher
Education as many as 300 people, and a sample of 150 students is selected using proportional
random sampling. This research tool is a Likert scale that has been measured for validity and
reliability. Data were analyzed using multiple regression. The research findings show that there is
an influence of Technopreneurship Scientific Learning, and Prior Knowledge together on Ability to
Identify Entrepreneurial Opportunities in Technical and Vocational Education Students.
Keywords: Entrepreneurial Opportunities, Prior Knowledge, Technopreneurship Scientific
Learning, Technical and Vocational Education.
Digital Innovation for Traditional Batik Crafter

Wandah Wibawanto
Visual Communication Design/Art Department, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang,
Indonesia

Abstract
Batik has an economic value that can support traditional batik industries and craftsmen. Significant
market developments demand speed in creating batik motifs. In several studies it was found that
traditional batik craftsmens are still unfamiliar with the use of digital technology in creating batik
Wandah Wibawanto
motifs. So we need a method to introduce digital techniques to traditional craftsmen. This article
ERCICSSH2016072
discusses the use of D-Batik software as an application to accelerate the creation of batik motifs.
Used a mix method with a field test approach, D-Batik was tested on 3 groups of traditional batik
artisans in the Semarang area. Based on the results of trials, it is known that D-Batik can be easily
coordinated by batik craftsmen who are still unfamiliar with technology and are able to produce
new motifs with high complexity faster than manual techniques. This study provides technical
recommendations for the use of digital technology for traditional craftsmen.
Keywords: Batik Motifs, Digitalize, Application, Traditional Craftmens.
Rahina Nugrahani Interaction of Visual Art Learning in Virtual Community
ERCICSSH2016073
Rahina Nugrahani
Visual Art Department, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia

Abstract
In cyberlearning, interaction becomes one of the features that determine learning success. This
study underlines the interaction of visual art learning in virtual community. Virtual community
facilitates non-formal art learning in cyberspace as they have comprehensive capacity related to the
strategy of organizing cyber-based learning. Using virtual ethnography as a research method, this
study involved 24 informants consisting of founders, members, and instructors of learning from one
of the virtual communities in Indonesia. This study found three patterns of learning interactions in

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 32

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

the virtual community that are the interaction of learning participants with learning content;
learning participant interaction with the instructor; and interaction between learning participants.
Through these three interaction patterns, a cyber-based art learning model can be formulated in a
virtual community, which involves the functional relations of three main components, namely the
existence of community spirit, penta helix synergy of virtual community, and adaptive use of
technology.
Keywords: Visual art, virtual community, cyberlearning, arts education
Ethnic Differences between Croatian and International Students in Volunteering Functions and Job
Expectations

Matej Nakic
Management, Entrepreneurship and Digital Transformation Department, Zagreb School of
Economics and Management, Croatia

Matej Nakic Abstract

ERCICBELLP2016055 In this paper we set out to explore the ethnical differences in volunteering functions and job
expectations between Croatian and international students, regarding the connection between
Motivation to Volunteer (VFI) as theorized by E. Gil Clary and Mark Snyder (1998) and Job
Expectations which students possess before entering the workforce for the first time. Our goal is to
find out the relation between six personal and social functions (values, understanding, social, career,
protective & enhancement) potentially served by volunteering and students’ first Job Expectations,
while controlling for the variable of ethnicity. Our sample is composed of 130 Croatian and
International students in their junior and senior years of study. Possible ethnical differences shall
especially be sought for in the domain of Self-efficacy (leaning on Bandura’s existing research of
ethnical differences and further exploring the given implications). Methods used are quantitative
and the research nature is correlational.
Keywords: Motivation to Volunteer; Job Expectations; Self-efficacy; Ethnical differences
Reconstruction of Knowledge Reproduction Process --From the Perspective of Mobile Internet
Knowledge Payment

Mengxia Zhou
Student of School of Media and Communication, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China

Abstract
In recent years, knowledge payment has become a hot topic in China.2016 is known as the first year
Mengxia Zhou
of knowledge payment. After two years of excitement and precipitation, it is now showing a return
ERCICSSH2015077
to calm.Knowledge reproduction has long changed in the Internet era, and knowledge payment
reveals this point more profoundly.Knowledge payment reflects the reconstruction of each link of
knowledge reproduction and how we should promote the healthy and orderly development of
knowledge payment industry, which is the issue to be discussed and studied in this paper.
This paper discusses the social reproduction theory framework of Marxist political economy,
combines the history and current situation of knowledge payment in China, and obtains detailed
first-hand information through in-depth interviews and focus group interviews, so as to combine
theory with practice.
Finally, the paper concludes that under the mobile Internet knowledge payment, the four links of
knowledge reproduction have changed.
Keywords：Knowledge Payment, Knowledge Reproduction, Reconstruction
Applying Standards for Research Output Repositories in Libraries and Research Centers

Namtip Wipawin
Department of Information Science, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open
University, Nonthaburi, Thailand

Abstract
This research aims to 1) study, analyze, classify and compare the standards of research output
Namtip Wipawin
storage and digital repository management and 2) select the appropriate international standards of
ERCICSSH2017055
research output storage and digital repository management.

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 33

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

The research employs qualitative study and documentary research particularly in synthesizing
documents’ standards of research output storage and digital repository management. Sampling was
conducted by self-assessment and in-depth interviews of 21 staff from 21 institutions; including 11
universities and 10 research centers. The research tools include a self-assessment form and
interviews. The research has been analyzed using the content analysis method.
The research findings were as follows: 1) The standards for the readiness of research output
management in digital repositories assessment comprise 2 parts by Self-Assessment Form of CRL’s
Ten Principles and TRAC (Trusted Repositories And Certification) which have 10 criteria in
Organizational Infrastructure, Digital Object Management and Technical Infrastructure, and by
the Certification Form of Basic Certification (CoreTrustSeal), Extended Certification (DIN31644
which is developed from Nestor Seal) and Formal Certification (ISO 16363); and 2) The most
appropriate standard for research output management in digital repositories is CoreTrustSeal,
which is a fundamental standard to develop the national research output management in digital
repositories for long-term digital preservation. The recommendation is a policy statement given by
research funders to deposit research outputs in an open-access digital repository system within the
specific timeframe.
Keywords: International Standards, Research Output Management, Digital Repositories
Hanfu Zhao The Apple that Changed the World: The Effect of Exchange Rate on Electronic Device Prices
ERCICSSH2017057
Hanfu Zhao
Institute of Science, Shanghai Qibao Dwight Academy, Shanghai, China

Abstract
What are the factors that determine the price of imported mobile phones in China? As the second
largest economy in the global market, China has been importing luxury mobile phones from abroad
for decades. iPhone, as probably the most globally reputable product of its kind, has been widely
appreciated by Chinese consumers. Although a large and growing body of research has been done
on probing the factors that shape Chinese imported commodities’ prices, from little to no studies
have been conducted to reveal the process of how iPhone prices are settled in China. Conventional
wisdom typically considers prices as an outcome of the interaction between supply and demand.
There are, however, other factors that have important roles to play in such pricing process. In this
article, I look at the case of iPhone prices in China. Specifically, I collect time series data on prices
of a variety of iPhone models sold in China during the last 15 years. I also collect time series data of
RMB to USD exchange rate, competition level with other international and domestic mobile phone
models, import related tariff and a number of indicators which illustrates changes in China’s
consumer purchase power. My quantitative analytical results yield strong evidence to my theory
that iPhone prices in China is primarily shaped by the RMB-USD exchange rate. My study has
important contribution to the understanding of imported goods prices and to the literature of
international trade.
The McDonaldization of Archives – The Emerging Field of Research at the Border of History and
Sociology

Hadrian Ciechanowski
Faculty of History, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland

Abstract
In the article, the author writes about a new field of research at the border of history and sociology
Hadrian Ciechanowski
related to archives as social institutions and Georg Ritzer’s McDonaldization. Archives, like other
ERCICSSH2017063
social institutions, are changing along with society, that’s why they can be considered by the prism
of social theories. According to Ritzer’s, McDonaldization has four dimensions: predictability,
efficiency, calculability and control. In the article, the author shows that archives are related to
these dimensions in many areas. Therefore the paper aims to show that they participated in the
social changes that took place in the XX and XXI century and they can be studied from that point of
view. Archives, as well as McDonaldized systems, are also irrational rational, which is the next point
of analysis. The article is one of the first attempts in the new way of research. Research presented in
the article was based on literature and inner and outer observation of archives. Historical methods,
like the comparative method and the bibliographic method, were used during analysing.

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 34

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

Keywords: McDonaldization, Archives, Society, Rationalization, History of Archives

Multinomial Logistic Model of the Entrepreneurship Determinants

Adirek Vajrapatkul
School of Economics, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Nonthaburi, Thailand

Abstract
This work is designed to presents the determinants of entrepreneurship which has become a crucial
Adirek Vajrapatkul ingredient in business and economic development in the recent decade. To achieve this purpose, the
ERCICSSH2017069 Multinomial Logistic model is utilized. The four major independent variables which are selected
from the related literature are investigated to identify their effect on the degree of
entrepreneurship. Based on the 2018 cross-sectional data of 97 countries obtained from the Global
Entrepreneurship Index report, the Global Competitiveness report, and the World Development
Indicators database, it revealed that level of entrepreneurship is significantly affected by the four
selected variables, namely quality of management school, startup regulation, financial service
accessibility, and ICT utilization. Hence, to achieve in creating and improving the level of
entrepreneurship within the country or business boundary, government authorities and business
influencers should put special attention to the practices that support the improvement in the quality
of management school, the reduction of startup regulation, the accessibility of financial service, and
the capability to utilize The ICT.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Quality of Management School, Startup Regulation, Financial
Service Accessibility, ICT Utilization, Multinomial Logistic Model
Yongjun Lee Meth and Murder: The Violent Success of Duterte’s War on Drugs
ERCICSSH2017062
Yongjun Lee
Pupil, Chadwick International, Incheon, Republic of Korea

Abstract
Since his election in 2016, President of the Philippines Rodrigo Duterte has pursued violent anti-
narcotic police operations, resulting in the deaths of more than 27,000 alleged drug users and
dealers. Police forces have worked to conceal the bloody consequences by hiring paid killers and
planting false evidence. Duterte publicly promotes his “War on Drugs” as an accomplishment of his
presidency, but his actions have drawn condemnation from international human rights
organizations who have accused him of crimes against humanity. The entire operation is under
investigation by the International Criminal Court in an inquiry projected to end in 2020.
Duterte’s supporters argue that the crackdown is necessary to combat rampant drug-related crime
in the Philippines, with nearly 20% of Filipino communities affected by drug trafficking. In the
past, Duterte’s proactive approach to policing as Mayor of Davao enabled him to restore law and
order to the city; now, he looks to continue his impressive track record with total arrests numbering
256,000 as of August 2019. The results translate into public approval of Duterte’s tactics, with 82%
of Filipinos satisfied with the war on drugs due to “a perception of less drugs and crime in the
country”.
Political opponents and investigative journalists claim that Duterte’s War on Drugs constitutes a
systematic policy of brutality and repression; supporters see it as an effective anticrime measure.
This paper will examine the current state of the Filipino anti-drug effort and outline how the
policy’s inherent violence may or may not be justified.

Min Gyeom Chu Measuring Income Inequality Between Prime-Aged Workers and the Growing Ageing Population
ERCICBELLP2017060 in South Korea

Min Gyeom Chu

Magnus Center for Research, International School Manila, Taguig, Philippines

Abstract
The growing ageing population in South Korea has further widened income disparity among
different working age groups. Experts believe this disparity may even increase in the future and
thus a mode of prediction with regard income and inequality may have to be clearly established.

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 35

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

This paper intends to measure the current income inequality between prime working age Koreans
(working population ages 30 - 59) and the ageing population (ages 60 and above), and to predict the
income inequality of these two groups in the future. This paper will also predict income disparity
between the two groups in Korea with the introduction of moderate or considerable government
intervention. To assess the income inequality between the working and ageing population, this
paper acquired data, such as wages and population of different age groups, from multiple credible
sources such as the United Nations, Korean Statistics Information Service, OECD, and from other
sources. The data ranged from 2006 up until 2018. These data were then converted to gini
coefficient with the use of a scoring system. The gini coefficient values from the year 2006 to 2018,
obtained from the previous method, were used to measure the trend in income inequality between
the working and ageing population and were also used to predict the income inequality in the
future. Looking at the gini coefficient values from 2006 to 2018, the values were approaching 0,
which suggest that the disparity in income was actually diminishing. And reflecting back to this
trend, it suggests that the gini coefficient values in the future would also diminish over time; thus,
supporting the claim that the income disparity between the working and ageing population would
reduce. Moreover, with the implementation of applicable government policies, the gini coefficient
values are expected to approach 0 at a much faster rate, which also suggests that government
interventions would reduce the income gap between working and ageing population. Despite the
beliefs of the expert that income disparity may increase in the future, the result proves that income
gap between working and ageing population would diminish in the future, and may diminish more
rapidly with potential government intervention.
Internally Displaced persons (Idps) in Nigeira and Risk of Covid-19 Pandemic: Reminiscing on
their Protection under the Law

Dr. Boma Geoffrey Toby

Jurisprudence & International Law, Faculty of Law, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt,
Nigeria

Chukuma Ajie
Dr. Boma Geoffrey
Lecturer, LLB, BL, LLM , PhD, (RSU, Nig), Faculty of Law, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-
Toby
Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
ERCICBELLP2017061
Martina Ebikake Nwanyanwu
Lecturer, LLB, BL, LLM, PhD, Department of Business Law. Faculty of Law, Rivers State
University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Abstract
The sudden global attack of the COVID-19 virus on humans and animals coming at the heels of
2019into 2020, has brought to the fore the urgent need for a concise legal protection of the most
vulnerable in the Nigerian society: the orphans, poor, homeless and especially the internally
displaced persons scattered over various IDP camps Nationwide. The protection of these ones is
most paramount now, than ever before in view of the poor living conditions they live in; makeshift
and congested temporary shelters or poorly-built housing that hold multiple times the number of
occupants that they should, orphanages and camps with meager living provisions, inadequate
sources of clean water, food, sanitation and unhygienic environments to cope with the
loomingCovid-19 virus pandemic, thus putting vulnerable lives at greater risk than they were prior
to the coronavirus period. The only known cure for the pandemic for now is keeping social
distancing, staying at home, washing hands with soap and applying alcoholic based solutions. In the
light of these situations, this paper seeks an expose the conditions, challenges and effect of the recent
viral phenomenon the most vulnerable in Nigeria, and to decipher ways to systematically create
provisions in Law that can be legally enforceable to their benefit. The paper also made
recommendations amongst others that the existing soft laws and treaties which directly lack the
force of law to protect IDPs in Nigeria, be fully implemented and adopted into the Nigerian Corpus
Juries’ through the necessary reception laws to give adequate and enforceable legal protection to
the IDPs. This is believed, will hold Nigerian government legally and directly accountable to the
protection of those displaced within her borders and limit the challenges and vulnerable risks faced
by the above within her space.

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 36

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

Keywords: COVID-19, Vulnerable, Internally Displaced Persons, Law, Protection

VAR Model for Fiscal Policy Analysis

Adirek Vajrapatkul
PhD, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Nonthaburi, Thailand

Abstract
This work presents the effects of this shock on Thailand’s economic environment by utilizing Vector
Adirek Vajrapatkul Autoregression (VAR) model with the quarterly modified data of Thailand, 2002:Q1-2019:Q2. This
ERCICSSH2018060 model shows the interactions between domestic variables (government spending, domestic price,
consumption, investment, employment, and output) and the international related one (export and
exchange rate) to present an open economy environment. The results from this work revealed that
1) government spending in the last period affected positively to the current level of employment and
negatively to the current level of consumption; 2) government in the last two period affected
positively to the current level of employment. However, it affected negatively to the current level of
domestic price and domestic consumption; 3) no evidence of exchange rate reaction to government
spending and channel any effect of this spending to other variables. For the results obtained from
variance decomposition and the impulse response analysis, we found that a unit shock of
government spending can push down domestic price and consumption, but push up an exchange
rate, employment, investment, export, and output, with time delay for some variable. Also, all of
these variables oscillate and decline periodically to their equilibrium. According to the results
produced from this work, we hence recommend the government authority to take into consideration
the expectation dimension when designing the current fiscal policy. Also, it needs to launch a fiscal
expansion policy to encounter an economic recession, while taking into account the crowding-out
effect.
Keywords: Open Economy, Fiscal Policy Shock, Fiscal Policy Expansion, Vector Autoregression
(VAR) Model, Impulse Response
Luca Gendolavigna Swedish suburbs as Heterotopias: for a multicultural literature of places
ERCICSSH2019055
Luca Gendolavigna
Department of Literary, Linguistic and Comparative Studies, Università degli studi di Napoli
"L'Orientale", Naples, Italy

Abstract
Studies on social spatializations have become an important aspect in contemporary multicultural
Sweden, especially after the seventies, when the public housing project “Million Programme”
(Miljonprogram) was completed. Miljonprogram was aimed to provide more housing opportunities
for the then quickly increasing Swedish population. This project was created in order to provide
houses for working-class families, who should have found new idyllic and peaceful life spaces
outside chaotic city centres. Today, Sweden’s population is composed by almost 30% of citizens
with foreign background (SCB), who mainly are concentrated in Miljonprogram areas. These zones
are now regarded to as a political failure, given that they have become places of social and even
racial segregation.
A central cultural consequence of multiculturalism in Sweden is the success of immigrant’s
literature (Invandrarlitteratur), mainly represented by second generation authors. Since they
choose to write in slang linguistic forms such as the Swedish Multilingual Styles (Gendolavigna,
2019), these authors are very much discussed and debated for questions regarding language and
style. However, few studies attempted to thematise what is narrated in their works.
In my presentation, I will try to provide a concise but exhaustive understanding of how fiction can
reshape the Miljonprogram zones, presenting how these spaces, through a chosen collection of
works, are narrated by immigrant authors not as sites, i.e. spaces as such, but rather as places, i.e.
spaces whose meaning is provided by the (literary) subjectivities who live and act therein (Prieto,
2013). By means of the Foucauldian concept of Heterotopia, I will investigate how these works
perform a total reassertion of space, emphasizing the difference between ‘conceived’ and ‘lived’ (in
this case ‘narrated’) space (cf. Lefebvre, 1991) through alternative and metaphorical descriptions.
What emerges from the chosen literary works is that the suburbs are finally narrated from the
“periphery” itself, that is by authors who have lived there and can therefore provide a different

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 37

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

image (albeit always fictional) of the places they live, freeing them from external stereotypical
implications.
This investigation is designed to provide a reflection about the importance of the Swedish
immigrants’ literature by narrating places that belong and define what Sweden is nowadays too.
Keyword: Swedish Immigrants’ Literature, Literature and Space, Heterotopia, Miljonprogram
Decolonisation of past and present identities: a discussion on the representations of ‘Britishness’
and ‘otherness’ in UK museums

Yizhu Chen
Faculty of Cultural Studies and Japanese Studies, Southeast University, Nanjing, China

Aline Khoury
Temporary Lecturer at the University of London School of Advanced Study (Master programme in
Yizhu Chen Human Rights); Online Tutor at LSE/GetSmarter Public Policy Analysis post-graduate course; and
ERCICSSH2019058 PhD alumna of the University of Cambridge (Centre of Development Studies)

Abstract
In this article we analyse the role of museums in building national identities and in including
migrant perspectives in this process - with a focus on the United Kingdom case. We briefly examine
how ideas of otherness and foreignness were built in British museums, especially through the
narratives around the objects from its former colonies and the narratives about migrant influences
on contemporary UK culture. We then relate this process with the recent decolonisation
movements, and suggest that decolonising British museums should not only revise the narratives
about its colonial past, but also revise the representation of current migrant and minority identities.
Keyword: Identity, Museums, Multiculturalism, Nationalism, Decolonisation, Heritage
The new developments of the Sino-Italian economic partnership after March 2019

Melania Petrillo
Department of International Relations and Public Affairs, Shanghai International Studies
University, Shanghai, China

Abstract
In March 2019 China and Italy signed nineteen deals stated in the Memorandum of Understanding,
that set off a new era for the Sino Italian economic partnership. Italy joined the “Belt and Road
Initiative”, representing the first G7 country to sign an agreement on the infrastructure maxi plan
of the People Republic of China, which includes ports, railway lines, roads, and maritime corridors.
Melania Petrillo The author has begun to collect data from the most relevant newspapers and media of Italy, China,
ERCICSSH2019059 Europe, the United States, and official governmental sources to monitor the development of events
related to the signature of the MOU between Beijing and Rome. The present research can fill a
chronological gap of the relationship found in some of the previous academic works, pondering the
progress in different fields during the current century: infrastructures, economy, culture,
education, science, technology, innovation, society, military, arts, fashion, food and tourism.
The latest advancement of the China-Italy economic partnership are analyzed through the cross-
national comparative method, exploring the benefits and the advantages for both countries,
considering from one side the economic recess of Italy (lack of investments in the infrastructures,
lack of investments in the research and innovation field etc.) but its strategic geographical position,
and the quality of the “Made in Italy” products; from the other side, the importance of Chinese
direct investments in Italy, imports-exports and the advantages of joining the BRI.
It is concluded that China and Italy will maintain a long and strong bilateral partnership over the
years thanks to the constant dialogue and cooperation of the institutions. This research
demonstrates the results of this win-win bilateral partnership and the benefits that both countries
are perceiving.
Keyword: Bilateral Relations, China, Italy, BRI, Economic Partnership, MOU
Yilin Wang The Second Intifada and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
ERCICSSH2019064
Yilin Wang
Perkiomen School, Pennsburg, The United States

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 38

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

Abstract
On September 28, 2000, Ariel Sharon, the leader of the Likud Party in Israel, made an
unprecedented and controversial visit to the Temple Mount in Jerusalem along with approximately
1,000 Israeli police officers and soldiers. Moreover, he made a number of symbolic gestures in the
front (Harms 170). This series of defiant behaviors was regarded as outspoken against Palestinian
control and directly evoked the anger of Palestinians, causing subsequent fights between the Israelis
and the Palestinians, known as 2the Second Intifada. This event and the following Intifada showed
that the world again had failed to make peace between Israel and Palestine after one hundred years
of efforts. The Second Intifada, however, was unique because it resulted in major changes in the
relationships between Israel and the Palestinians.
In the following paper, I will examine the effects that the Second Intifada had upon the Israeli-
Palestinian conflict by arguing that the intifada was caused by several different factors. After
providing a brief overview of the Second Intifada, the present paper will contend that while
Sharon’s actions stood as the catalysts behind the outbreak of renewed violence, it was ultimately
the failures of past peace attempts aimed at addressing the occupation that formed the most
significant discontent leading to the intifada. The multiple failures of resolving the conflict through
peace efforts placed the occupation of the West Bank at the center of the conflict and led to
increased confidence that violence was a viable solution to end the conflict. Finally, I will argue that
behind the significance of Sharon’s actions stands the larger reality that a significant aspect of the
conflict is the failure of both sides to decide how to share the holy city of Jerusalem. Ultimately,
Sharon’s actions only showed that the question of how to share religious space would need to play
an important role in future attempts to resolve the conflict.
Twentieth-century traumas depicted in the movie "The White Ribbon" by Michael Haneke

Małgorzata Dudek
Faculty of Social Sciences , Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie/ Pontificial Univeristy
of John Paul II in Cracow, Kraków, Poland

Abstract
Film as a relatively new medium, has influenced the formation of collective consciousness almost
Małgorzata Dudek from its inception. The generation brought up in the era of glass screens and influenced by the style
ERCICSSH2020055 instilled by mass media has soaked in with some patterns. Michael Haneke's unusual cinema argues
with the popular models of film creation. It allows the viewer to make his own interpretations, does
not facilitate anything and makes a distance that is supposed to lead to reflection. Haneke brings to
light the darkest corners of the human mind. In The White Ribbon (2009) - black-and-white
German-language drama film - Haneke depicts society and family in a northern German village
just before World War I. This cinematic work of the Austrian artist has an important social and
ethical significance for the contemporary viewer. It also cannot be denied a deep psychological
dimension. The movie poses questions about the face of post-traumas of the 20th century. Haneke
shows that behind huge mechanisms are ordinary people with a specific social entanglement. The
author's aim is to try to search for the genesis of violence and the decline of societies on the basis of
mentioned picture, which is an integral part of doctoral thesis entitled: The new quality of
communicating image of reality. Social and ethical dimension of films by Michael Haneke. The
author uses in her work analytical - synthetic, comparative and film analysis methods. The
research thesis is that films made by Michael Haneke open a new perspective of research on
communication between the viewer and the audiovisual work.
Keywords: Michael Haneke, Film, Communication, Violence
Fatima Doukha Critical Discourse in the UK Press Coverage of the EU Referendum Campaign
ERCICSSH2020069
Fatima Doukha
Department of English, Algiers University, Algiers

Abstract
There is no doubt about the key role that the media plays in every aspect of our daily lives and
particularly in times of great events. It shapes people’s opinions in favor of the policymakers’

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 39

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

intentions. For decades, politicians and commentators rely on media and principally the press to
impart their messages to the general public. My paper examines how the online press’ discourse of
the referendum campaign of 2016 on the United Kingdom’s membership in the EU disseminated
information full of directed ideologies and manipulative features to affect people’s views to shape
the outcome of the referendum. I rely on Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA)
Model to unveil the ideological assumption embedded within a newspaper text that comes to be
taken as a mere ‘common sense’, and which contributes to sustaining existing power relations
(Fairclough 64). The linguistic investigation is only one dimension of Fairclough’s CDA Model that
is applied in news articles’ text of the two conflicting campaigners in the EU’s referendum of 2016
which reveals a stimulation of the readers' minds through linguistic features premeditated to
influence and direct the individual’s vote.
Keywords: Press, EU Referendum, ideology, power, influence, CDA
Cam-Duc Au The Relevance of Human Capital in Investor Relations Management: Critical Analysis on the
ERCICBELLP202052 German DAX30 Companies

Cam-Duc Au
FOM Hochschule für Ökonomie & Management (Düsseldorf, Germany),ISF Institute for Strategic
Finance, MUNI Masaryk University in Brno (Czech Republic), Frankfurt, Germany

Sophia Jäger
FOM University of Applied Sciences, Düsseldorf, Germany

Abstract
Current global trends and discussions in media are mainly focusing on sustainable development
goals with emphasis on the reduction of environmental damages caused by companies. However,
another important social/sustainable criterion is constituted by the role of how the company
employees are reflected: the human capital. Human capital is defined as the sum of an employee’s
experience and skills, which he/she profitably brings into a company. Although being perceived for
increasing productivity and thus profitability, the intangible asset is not listed on a company’s
balance sheet. In context of investor relations management, the financial community is more
frequently demanding additional (soft) facts on personnel data (e.g. mean age, employee
satisfaction, training opportunities) for company valuations. Solely evaluating (hard) facts – such as
profits, turnovers and further classical figures – are no longer adequate to gain the true value of a
company. On that basis, we investigate the relevance of human capital within the investor relations
management context for all 30 German DAX-companies. In doing so, our research consists of a
mixed-methods-approach, thereby combining quantitative and qualitative elements. In the first
step, the company reporting – annual reports, personnel reports, CSR-reports and non-financial
reports – for all DAX30-companies is analyzed by using specific criteria model based on the Global
Reporting Initiative (GRI). The findings are taken into the qualitative part by interviewing
company representatives from DAX30-companies and management consulting firms. The semi-
structured expert interviews and the transcripts are subject to a structured content analysis
according to Mayring. The overall findings provide empirical evidence, that the German DAX30-
companies lack proper strategies to assess personnel data as well as represent proper information
for fair company valuations.
Keywords: Human Capital, Investor Relations Management, DAX30, Sustainability, Global
Reporting Initiative
Syed Sadullah A Study on Factors Affecting Digital Citizenship among College Faculties in India
Hussainy & Syed
Jamalullah R. Syed Sadullah Hussainy
ERCICBELLP2020063 Faculty of Business, Arab Open University, Muscat, Oman

Syed Jamalullah R.
Faculty of Business, Arab Open University, Muscat, Oman

Abstract
Digital citizenship is described as the responsible use of technology by someone who uses computers,
the Internet, and digital devices to engage with society on different level such as social, financial,

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 40

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

political, and governmental etc. Digital citizen practices the safe, respectful, and lawful use of
technology by understanding the rights and responsibilities when he/she is online. This study helps
teachers and parents to understand what their students should be aware of while using technologies.
In this paper, we addressed three factors that affect digital citizenship among college faculties 1.
Internet knowledge 2. Attitudes of faculties towards internet and 3. Computer self – efficacy. A
qualitative approach has been applied, where the objects are 115 South Indian College faculties in
India. The optimistic results indicate that the college faculties have approximately a good level of
Digital Citizenship and perceived attitudes of faculties towards the Internet and Computer self -
efficacy, however, are at a moderate level. Additionally, computer knowledge and experience have
no effect on the level of digital citizenship of college faculties. Faculties in college that have learned
computer-related courses or have a relevant certificate tend to participate in activities related to
self-education and online connection. Internet attitudes and computer self-efficacy have led to a
higher level of digital citizenship. Finally, numerous proposals are being made for the development
of the digital citizenship of college faculties.
Keywords: Digital Citizenship, College Faculties, Computer Experience, Internet Attitude,
Computer Self – Efficacy
Swati Raikhy Legendary Indian Naval Ships & Gdynia Shipyard
ERCICSSH2020074
Swati Raikhy
Faculty of Political Science and International Studies, University of Warsaw, Poland

Abstract
Gdynia, a shipyard is located in port of Gdynia, Poland. It lies in the western coast of Gdańsk Bay
Baltic sea in Gdynia It was founded in 1922 but is in liquidation state since 2009. It does not conduct
any production activities now. It played major role in building Indian Naval Ship industry during
the Cold War period. The ships, ship engines of landing ships of B-561and 773U (Polnocy-D) type
produced by this shipyard are still in service in Indian Navy. The role of this kind of landing ship
tank is to transport troops, vehicles, armaments and carry out all the objectives of an amphibian
operation which primarily includes landing of combat equipment and personnel to an amphibious
objective area. There were eight Indian Naval ships built in Gdynia shipyard, in Cold War period
two of which are still active while six were decommissioned in this period after their long service for
the Indian defense and the humanitarian missions. Besides guarding the Indian territories actively
they played major role in humanitarian assistance during the natural calamities. It is well evident
from vivid rescue measures carried out by India from time to time in vivid countries.
Keywords: Gadynia, Humanitarian, INS Ghorpad, Amphibion
Sangsara dan San Sara: A Reassessment of the Japanese Occupation of Java, 1942-45

Christopher Hulshof
Department of History, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA

Abstract
In the paper, I re-examine the popular belief that the Japanese occupation of the island of Java
during the Pacific War was inherently cruel and institutionally predatory. By 1945, a pun began to
Christopher Hulshof circulate among the Javanese: “The Japanese occupation brought about san sara (plenty of food) to
ERCICSSH2021056 the Japanese and sangsara (misery) to Indonesians.” Since then, scholars have overly generalized
Japanese occupational policy in Southeast Asia, assuming the brutality of military governments in
regions such as Malaysia and the Philippines were mirrored across the region. Through an
examination of the unique occupational policies of the Imperial 16th Army under General Imamura
Hitoshi, local Javanese mythology and early 20th century Japanese ethnic origins theory, I argue
that the Japanese occupational policy on Java was often focused on the betterment of local
conditions and not inherently predatory. At no time did the Japanese occupational government
confiscate as much foodstuff as the Dutch colonial government which preceded it. Instead, the
widespread famine and suffering experienced on the island by 1944 was a product of natural
disaster, maladministration, and local Javanese corruption.
Daimalu Brahma Women in Conflict Situations in Northeast India
ERCICSSH2021060
Daimalu Brahma

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 41

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

Birjhora Kanya Mahavidyalaya, Guwahati University, Bongaigaon, India

Abstract
After India attained Independence from the British rule, the North Eastern states have witnessed
many insurgency improvements resulting in continuous violence and bloodletting. Studies have
suggested that women and children are the worst sufferers in any violence. The impact of
insurgency improvement on women is different from men because violence often compels them to
take different roles and responsibilities in the society. This paper will mainly focus on the emotional
and psychological stress that women undergoes during the insurgency movement in Northeast India
as a result of which she changes the social structure of the society. This paper will explore the social
impact of the violent rebellion of the insurgency movements against the state authorities. My aim in
this Paper is to look at how women through their participation in peace negotiation convey their
feelings and representing the violent event as a source that can reveal how the state policy and
government are acting as active agents in promoting this violence and the indigenous people has to
go through a traumatic experience because of such state interventions.
Keywords: Women, Government, Mother, Northeast, Violence, India
Land Acquisition Unresolved Challenges for Resettling of Farmers

Legha Mamta Ranjit Singh

Department of Law, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India

Abstract
Land acquisition was one of the major problems in our country. The increase in population growth
and rapid urbanization leads to infrastructural developments to meet the basic requirements of
people in developing countries. In recent years these exists debate among politician, urban planners
Legha Mamta Ranjit and public on land it is a peculiar good and partly because there is increasing scarcity for the
Singh developing activities. This is because the tough regulations and complexities related to acquiring
ERCICBELLP2021053 land today provide a huge affect to such people. The total life of the people mainly depends upon the
land and about its usage for their survival. The guideline value and present market value of that
particular land varies in a huge manner. The Government mainly acquires the land for the
development of national roads and other public constructions. But the compensation provided for
those land holders was mainly depend upon the guideline value of the Government and it will be
very less as compared to the market rate. In order to make acquiring land easier and more
beneficial, the Government needs to make more active laws for the process of acquisition. If a road
has to be constructed through an area and it involves the acquisition of land , the compensation
provided to the land holders will be very less. Thus, the present study is about the Land acquisition
Unresolved Challenges for resettling of farmers.
Foreign Direct Investment, Growth and Environment in Southern Africa Development Community
(SADC)

Luciano Simao Gule

Osaka School of International Public Policy, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

Abstract
Abstract: This study investigates the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI), economic growth
Luciano Simao Gule and capital stock on CO2 emissions in 16 countries of Southern Africa Development Community
ERCICSSH2022052 (SADC). In this study we use of panel data analysis using data from 16 SADC countries from 1990
to 2014, we use both static (two stage least square (2SLS) fixed effects (FE), ordinary least square
(OLS) FE and pooled OLS) and dynamic (system-generalized methods of moments (Sys-GMM))
and (difference-generalized methods of moments (Diff-GMM) panel data approaches. The results
show that economic growth and FDI are statistically significant on CO2 emissions, and shows
negative and significant effect of capital stock on CO2 emissions.
Keywords: CO2 Emission, FDI, Economic Growth, SADC
Pavlina Latkova Community Engaged Learning: MYSF – San Francisco Tourism Industry Certificate Training
ERCICSSH2022065
Pavlina Latkova
Recreation, Parks, Tourism & Holistic Health, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, USA

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 42

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

Abstract
Abstract: Considered a high-impact practice, community-based learning (i.e., service-learning) is a
field-based experiential learning with community partners as an instructional strategy (Association
of American Colleges & Universities, 2019). Research suggests participating in service learning
results several positive outcomes including acceptance of diversity, cooperation, connection, moral
responsibility, leadership skills, and engagement in the community as dedicated citizens (Brandell &
Hinck, 1997; Howard, Markus, & King, 1993; Shumer & Belbas, 1996; Strage, 2000). MYSF is San
Francisco Tourism Industry Certificate created by San Francisco Travel (i.e., San Francisco’s
DMO) designed to empower tourism employees by providing current destination knowledge about
San Francisco. This program was developed in 2016 and has been endorsed by a number of city
institutions, industry groups, and higher education professionals.To stay current with the tourism
industry needs, in 2017 the RPT Department revised their tourism curriculum to include MYSF
training in the RPT’s core tourism course to satisfy the new course learning outcomes. The goal was
to give tourism students direct experience with San Francisco tourism industry operations and the
opportunity to apply what they learn in real-world settings and reflect in a classroom setting on
their service experiences. By completing MYSF training, students have an access to exclusive San
Francisco Travel “passport events”, which feature different San Francisco neighborhoods and
educate MYSF graduate about unique cultural and natural features by interacting with small
business owners and community members, getting a “first –hand exposure” to challenged faced by
the local community. In addition to becoming MYSF graduates and participating as a guest in one
passport event, students are encouraged to volunteer at another MYSF passport evens to gain a
“behind the scene tourism industry experience”. Overall, RPT MYSF graduates develop as
professionals, strengthen their resume and career path, and are equipped with knowledge to make
San Francisco’s visitors’ experience a positive one. Since 2017, more than 140 SF State students
(majority of them are RPT and HTM students) have completed MYSF training. The oral
presentation will highlight students’ feedback on the MYSF community-based learning experience.
Keywords: MYSF Certificate, Community-based Learning, College Students
Laura Diaconu The Nexus between Family Support and Entrepreneurial Intentions of Young Adults
(Maxim)
ERCICBELLP2022054 Laura Diaconu (Maxim)
Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Lasi,
Romania

Associate Professor Habil. Laura Diaconu (Maxim)

PhD. Department of Economics and International Business, Faculty of Economics and Business
Administration, “Al. I. Cuza” University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania

Abstract
Abstract: When discussing the determinants of the entrepreneurial intentions, many studies have
debated the role of the socio-cultural environment in which a person develops. However, if the
education and religion benefited from deep investigations, the family support has a more limited
approach. The purpose of our paper is to investigate the role the family support in shaping the
entrepreneurial intentions. The family support is analysed from two perspectives: the emotional
one, which involves the ability of listening and empathy, and the instrumental support, which refers
to the financial and social capital of the family. The research methodology was based on a survey.
The sample included 328 students enrolled in one of the master programs offered by the
“Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Romania. Our results underline that the social capital of
the family is positively associated with the intention of starting a business. This finding is not
surprising, since it is known that having entrepreneurial parents positively influences the
entrepreneurial intentions of the children. However, surprisingly, the family financial capital does
not influence the entrepreneurial initiatives of our respondents. Meanwhile, the family emotional
support is positively and strongly associated with the intention of starting a business and, as stated
in the literature, it seems to amplify the effect of family social capital. This study may be developed
in future research, by using a larger sample that would include students from other Romanian
universities.
Keywords: Family Instrumental Support, Family Emotional Support, Entrepreneurial Intentions,
Romanian Young People

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 43

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

Xiting Tong The Impact of Remittances on Entrepreneurial Behavior in the Place of Origin
ERCICSSH2023058
Xiting Tong
China Agricultural University, Beijing, China

Abstract
Remittances (money sent by migrants to their households in their place of origin) can play a
significant role not only on household finances but also on the stimulus to local entrepreneurship in
the places of origin. Still, the success of these entrepreneurial initiatives depends on the
circumstances of different households and key socioeconomic conditions of the places in question. In
this article, we aim to investigate which conditions of the households and the places of origin are
likely to motivate the investment of remittances in entrepreneur activities. Here we examine various
case studies addressing remittances investments in entrepreneurship, aiming to identify which were
the key elements enabling and stimulating entrepreneurship in the cases examined. With this
analysis, we aim to learn from the lessons of these case studies and then indicate ways to stimulate a
sustainable investment of remittances in entrepreneurship in other contexts.
Laura Diaconu Does Entrepreneurship Education Develop Entrepreneurial Intentions? An Investigation on
(Maxim) Students from Business Studies University Programs
ERCICBELLP2023057
Laura Diaconu (Maxim)
Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Lasi, Lasi,
Romania

Abstract
In today’s increasingly competitive and growth-oriented world, fostering entrepreneurship is
considered an important strategy to enhance a country’s economic development. Consequently,
entrepreneurship is becoming a main topic in the curricula of the business schools. The increasing
attention to entrepreneurship education has led to a debate about whether entrepreneurship
education can influence the entrepreneurial intentions. Grounded in the Theory of Planned
Behaviour (TPB), the objective of this study is to investigate if the entrepreneurship education
fosters the entrepreneurial intentions of the students. The research methodology was based on a
survey. The questionnaire was applied on 457 people enrolled in the second semester of their final
year of undergraduate studies, at the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration,
“Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Romania. From our sample, 286 students have studied at
least one disciple related to entrepreneurship, during the university program. The results of our
research suggest that there is a positive relationship between pro-entrepreneurial attitudes,
subjective norms and perceived behavioural control, on one hand, and a person's entrepreneurial
intentions, on the other hand. However, the degree to which the aspects involved by TPB affect
entrepreneurial intentions is positively influenced by the study of entrepreneurship courses.
Therefore, we can conclude that entrepreneurship education has a positive effect on attitudes and
perceived behavioural control and, thus, on the intention to become an entrepreneur. Our findings
offer relevant information which might help university managers and country policy-makers
understand the importance of encouraging entrepreneurship education in the university programs.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship Education, Entrepreneurial Intentions, Romanian Students
Yifei Chen Philosophical Discussion on Gun Control Laws
ERCICSSH2024065
Yifei Chen
Student of Upper School, Friends' Central School, Wynnewood, United States

Abstract
There is perhaps no more debated topic in society today than gun control laws. As shooting
accidents happen more often, people start to seek methods to change the situation, and the most
popular suggestion is to implement gun control laws, which according to Merriam-Webster, are a
set of laws that regulate “the purchase, sale, manufacture and use of guns.” This method gains
many people’s support because they believe that gun control laws will accomplish the greatest good
for the greatest number of people. They believe this set of laws helps society because people who
show a tendency of using guns for illegal purposes will be prevented from accessing guns. However

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 44

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

many people are against gun control laws. These people argue that gun control laws will not stop
the shootings, but will only limit people’s right to protect themselves. In the following paragraphs, I
present points from two ethical theories, utilitarianism and virtue ethics, to argue that gun control
laws are morally right because they do result in the greatest good for the greatest number of people
and they represent the practice of a virtuous person.
Xuanyu Bai Marco Polo’s Failure to Spread Christianity in the Yuan Dynasty
ERCICSSH2024067
Xuanyu Bai
NA, Landon School, USA

Abstract
Due to geographical conditions, human civilization has naturally been divided into East and West
from the very beginning. However, geographical obstruction has never diminished the curiosity
between the East and the West. In 334 BC, Alexander the Great, with ambition and curiosity for the
East, launched the Eastward Expedition but failed to reach the core of Eastern civilization. In the
East, the earliest communication with the West was the trade route between Zhang Qian (张骞) and
western countries through the Silk Road during the Han Dynasty (1st century BC - 2nd century
BC). However, the East and West still had not truly achieved cultural exchange and deeper
understanding at that point. Marco Polo, an Italian businessman and traveler who was born in
Venice, successfully brought his knowledge and experiences of China during the Yuan dynasty back
to Europe, the center of western civilization.
Zhijia (Cassie) Zeng The Right Response
ERCICSSH2024068
Zhijia (Cassie) Zeng
Saint John's Preparatory School, Beijing, China

Abstract
On September 11, 2001, nineteen militants from the terrorist organization Al-Qaeda hijacked four
passenger airplanes and attempted to decimate essential American landmarks and military targets
using the planes. They were meant to strike the Pentagon (the headquarters of the US Department
of Defense), New York’s World Trade Center, and the US White House. Two of the planes flew into
the twin towers of the World Trade Center, and another crashed in a field in Pennsylvania when
onboard passengers onboard fought back after hearing news about the other hijacked planes. Even
though the WTC attack was the only success for the terrorists, the attack killed nearly 3,000 people,
among them citizens from many different countries and religious backgrounds. In the ensuing
warfare in Iraq, Afghanistan, and elsewhere, several other countries joined the US in a coalition
force to battle global terrorism. The United Kingdom’s concern with the meaning of “just warfare”
and the fair targeting of their military responses shaped its response to the September 11 attacks.
Led by Prime Minister Tony Blair, the UK went to great lengths to justify its participation in the
United States’s “War on Terror,” by publicly setting clear guidelines about who was being targeted
and how they were fought.
Minjung Kyun How Do We Measure the Effectiveness of Art as a Tool for Protest?
ERCICSSH2024071
Minjung Kyun
Ethics and Philosophy, Magnus Center, Johns Creek, United States of America

Abstract
As no distinct gauging system exists that aims to measure the effectiveness of art as a tool for
activism, this research assembles a framework to assess the impact of protest art. The framework
constitutes Davis’s Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), Schema Theory, Cultural Participation
and Cross Cultural Adaptability Inventory (CCAI), Propensity Score Matching (PSM), and
Intentions of Art as a foundation of creating a specific instrument to measure the effectiveness of
protest art. Few factors were first identified by reviewing instruments relating to measuring artistic
activism to complete a list of indices which can be used in the framework. After choosing which
factors to use in the framework based on the criteria (Fig. 1), other scales were added to rectify the
bias in the framework. All factors of the framework meet a criteria which is a series of questions
assessing the necessity of factors in measuring the effectiveness of protest art. This framework may

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 45

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

be used as a foundation of building an instrument to measure the effectiveness of protest art. It is

recommended to incorporate all factors into the measurement for an accurate outcome.
Runqin Shi Fear to Discuss A Mental Health Issue With Employer In The United States
ERCICSSH2024093
Runqin Shi
Psychology & Brain Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, Goleta, CA, United States

Abstract
Objective: This study aims to build a predictive model for fear to discuss a mental health issue with
employers in technology companies using logistic regression model.
Methods: A public database was used in this study. All the eligible participants were randomly
assigned into 2 groups: training sample and testing sample. A model was built using training
sample: logistic regression. This model was used to predict the risk of fear to discuss mental health
issue with employers in the testing sample. Receiver operating characteristic
(ROC) were calculated for its discrimination capability for the model.
Results: A total of 167 (38%) records out of 438 male participants were afraid that discussing a
mental health issue with employer would have a negative impact.
According to the logistic regression, have you sought treatment for a mental health condition, has
your employer ever discussed mental health as part of an employee wellness program, and do you
think that discussing a physical health issue with your employer would have negative consequences
were important predictors for fear to discuss the mental health issue with the employers.
For training sample, the ROC was 0.8708 for the Logistic regression. In testing sample, the ROC
was 0.8728 for the Logistic regression.
Conclusions: In this study, we identified several important predictors for fear to discuss mental
health with employers e.g., if employer ever discussed mental health as part of an employee wellness
program.
Yixuan Lin R&D Investment and Firm Performance: A Discuss of China’s Industrial Enterprises at a Regional
ERCICBELLP2024057 Scale

Yixuan Lin
Westover School, Middlebury, USA

Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between the investment in research and development (R&D)
and the performance of China’s enterprises. We use provincial panel data from 2010 to 2018 from
the National Bureau of Statistics of China to construct a two-way fixed effect model to examine this
relationship. The regression results demonstrate that there is a clear positive relationship between
R&D input and firm performance, which remains robust when other variables such as local GDP
and firm leverage are controlled. For every 1% increase in R&D expenditure, there is a 0.47%
increase in a firm’s profitability. We further explore the regional heterogeneity of this relationship,
grouping 31 provinces into 4 economic regions: east, west, northeast, and middle. The regression
results indicate that in the east, west, and northeast regions, there is an evident positive R&D input–
performance relationship. However, in the middle region, R&D investment is negatively correlated
with firm financial performance. Our study suggests that investing in R&D activities is conducive to
firm profitability for firms in the east, west, and northeast regions, whereas in the middle region,
great caution should be applied when making decisions on R&D investment.
Keywords: R&D Investment, Firm Performance, Heterogeneity
Lang Shen Financial Worries over Housing Cost among Adults in 2017
ERCICBELLP2024058
Lang Shen
Student of Economics Department, University of California, Santa Cruz

Abstract
Examine the predictors of adults’ financial worries over Credit Card Payments in 2017;
Build a predictive model for adults’ financial worries over housing costs among adults by using a
logistic regression model.
Method: Data in NHIS, The National Health Interview Survey, was used in this study. The number

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 46

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

of people who are worried about housing costs was calculated. We run a generalized linear model to
examine all the predictors. We randomly selected all the participants and put them into two groups:
training data and testing data. Then we run a logistic regression model by using the training data.
Optional cutoff, misclassification, receiver operating characteristic, sensitivity, and specificity were
calculated.
Results: Out of 26,025 participants, 20,856 of them (80.14%) worry about their housing costs and
5,169 of them (19.86%) do not worry about their housing costs.
The logistics regression shows the older population tends to worry less about housing costs. Older
populations may have higher income or savings. Females are more likely to worry about housing
costs than males, which indicates some extent of gender inequality. The non-Hispanic population is
58% less likely to worry than the Hispanic population. Compared with other races, the black
population is 31.5% more likely to worry about housing costs. Compared with people in the South
and the West, people in the Midwest are less likely to worry about housing costs. Compared with
people who are not working, people who are working are 41.2% less likely to worry about the cost
of housing.
The area under the ROC curve is 0.6285. The optional cutoff time is around 0.55. The
misclassification error is 0.1953, the sensitivity is approximately 0.24%, and the specificity is almost
100%.
Conclusions: In this study, we determined that there are many predictors for the financial worries
over housing costs among adults in 2017. This research can help find the features of the population
who are worrying about the cost of housing.
Keywords: Financial Worry, Housing, Cost, Logistic Regression, Model, Prediction
Yang Xu A System Review of the Etiology of Eating Disorders
ERCICBELLP2024060
Yang Xu
School of Psychology, Hainan Middle School, Central China Normal University, China

Abstract
Background: With the development of the society, eating disorders become more prevalence
throughout different areas of the world. Even though many evidences have shown that the cause of
eating disorders is multifactorial, the etiology of eating disorders still remains uncertainty. The
purpose of this study is to provide a summary of pathogenesis of eating disorders based on the
research so far. Methods: A search mainly based on CNKI was conducted, including articles of
eating disorders between 2005 and 2020. Results: eating disorders mainly relate to biological,
psychological and social factors. Biological factors: many experiments reveal that humans’
neuroendocrine system, immunologic system and genes can be contributing factors of the forming
of eating disorders. Psychological and social factors: factors from these two areas influence each
other. Other mental disorders, including some depressive symptoms and anxiety disorders, are the
contributing factors of eating disorders. Also, individuals grow up in the community which contains
abnormal aesthetic standard and receive excessive control from families can have higher possibility
to have eating disorder. Conclusion: researches and experiments of eating disorders have
constructed a multifactorial model, which is beneficial to the further study of the etiology of eating
disorders.
Keywords: Eating Disorder, Etiology, Multifactorial Model
Binyao Han The Influence that Different Note-Taking Methods have on Learning Effect
ERCICBELLP2024064
Binyao Han
School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different note-taking methods (laptop and
longhand) have on learning. A 2×2×2 mixed design was used, in which the independent variables
were note-taking(laptop and longhand, between subject variables), review or not(review and not
review,between subject variables), test time(immediate test and delayed test, within subject
variables) , and the dependent variables were the scores of learning effect questionnaire. We totally
recruited 98 participants and 88 of them were able to take part in the second test(delayed test).The
results is:(1) in the immediate test(t=3.97,p<0.001) and the delayed test(F=16.051,p<0.001),the

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 47

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

learning effect of the handwriting note taking group is significantly better than that of the computer
note taking group (2) In the delayed test, review or not has an impact on the effect of delayed
learning, but it does not reach the significant level(F=2.642,p=0.108>0.05)(3)different note taking
methods and review or not have no significant impact on the difference between immediate test and
delayed test.The result shows that, the learning effect of the handwriting group is better than that of
the computer group, whether it is the immediate test or the delayed test, whether it is a review or
not.
Keywords: Note-taking Methods, Typing, Handwriting, Learning Efficiency
Mahek Swadia Hypnoanalysis as a treatment for Phobia: A Qualitative Systematic Review
ERCICBELLP2024070
Mahek Swadia
Bart's and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London,
United Kingdom

Abstract
Phobic disorders involve intense anxiety, fear, and avoidance behavior from the fearful stimuli. One
of the many treatment modalities for phobia is hypnoanalytic therapy, a form of hypnotherapy that
involves procedures with psychoanalytic principles or background. It is often not the primary
choice of clinicians since it is not tested by the quantitative evidence base resulting in lesser
knowledge on if and how it works for phobia. Hence, this systematic review will attempt to
synthesize relevant qualitative data to explore the procedure through which hypnoanalysis is
successful or otherwise in treating phobia. Relevant studies were searched for on four databases
namely: Psych Articles, Psych INFO, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Since data available was in case
studies, thematic synthesis was chosen with deductive coding and a predefined framework for
extracting and synthesizing the most relevant data. Results had observed five main techniques or
components of hypnoanalysis for phobic disorders namely Hypnotic Regression, Dream Induction,
Revivification, Imagery, and Suggestions. Although across the studies Hypnotic Regression
technique was most frequently used, other techniques made a significant direct or indirect influence
on symptom resolution. Quality Assessment of the studies included was carried out using two tools:
JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Reports (2017) and 5 component scheme (Pierson, 2009).
With most studies rated at acceptable levels of quality, notable issues were found in use of
diagnostic measures and generalizability. Despite limitations, thematic synthesis has attempted to
gain detailed insight into the functioning of this treatment modality for phobic disorders.
Indigenous Research Methodologies within Postgraduate Curricula: Querying Appropriate
Applications of a Kaupapa Māori Approach

Helen Gremillion
School of Healthcare and Social Practice, Unitec Institute of Technology, New Zealand

Helen Gremillion Abstract

ERCICSSH2025063 This presentation critically analyses the role of indigenous approaches to research within a
postgraduate programme designed for social workers, community developers, and counsellors as
well as students working in allied fields. The Master of Applied Practice – Social Practice (MAP-SP)
programme at Unitec Institute of Technology in Auckland, New Zealand embeds teaching and
learning around indigenous research methodologies as an integral aspect of its core courses, which
prepare students to complete a master’s thesis, dissertation or research project. However, a content
analysis of existing research on KM methodology, and of educational policy documents in the New
Zealand context, reveals a tension between 1) the familiar claim that factors supporting success for
Māori students can be utilised successfully to support success for all students, and 2) the potential
for a KM approach, when applied to projects that are not conducted by and for Māori specifically,
to become generalised to the point that tino rangatiratanga – Māori sovereignty and self-
determination, central to a KM approach – could be compromised. Using the MAP-SP as a case
study, this presentation asks: what are the social and political implications of ‘mainstreaming’ KM
research methodology?
Keywords: Kaupapa Māori Methodology, Indigenous Methodology, Postgraduate Education
Allan Mc Evoy Connecting to culturally significant anchors as a means of maintaining wellness for Community
ERCICSSH2025068 Workers and Social Workers.

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 48

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

Allan Mc Evoy
Healthcare and Social Practice, Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand

Abstract
This presentation explores the importance and value of connecting to our own cultural anchors
when working in highly demanding social work and community support roles, as a means of
anchoring ourselves mentally, spiritually and physically, and ensuring wellness is preserved in the
social practitioner. Based on my Master’s thesis research on the topic of ‘psychological first aid’
and ongoing psychological support for social workers, the presentation also examines the impact of
poor cultural connection and its effect on relationships in both professional and private spaces, and
on general wellbeing and professional growth. Drawing on interviews with participants in my
Master’s research, and observations and lessons learned from supervising social workers from
across a variety of operational theatres, I will provide evidence that social workers’ connection to,
and regular engagement with, their own cultural genealogy and worldview is a key factor for
effective maintenance of personal wellbeing, professional performance, and ability to engage in
ongoing growth and development.
Julius Bongkorog Interviews as a Primary Source for Historical Analysis
ERCICSSH2025070
Julius Bongkorog
Faculty of Arts, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon

Abstract
The collection and analysis of primary sources is central to historical research. The vastness and
richness of primary sources lend credibility and originality to historical research. Some common
primary sources are letters, diaries, memoirs, newspaper articles, text of laws, speeches government
documents and interviews. The contemporary historical world is literate. A majority of people read
and write and; there is a growing awareness of the importance of keeping records. Individuals
record important day-to-day events of their lives in diaries; companies keep records of their
activities and progress which are stored in their archives or volunteered to public record offices.
The historical society is fast gravitating towards the orbit of the digitization of primary sources. It
calls to question the necessity of interviews in historical research. This paper examines interviews as
a qualitative method in the collection of data for historical analysis. Data for this research paper
was collected through interviews with some scholars of history in the universities of Buea, Bamenda
and Yaoundé in Cameroon and from secondary sources. The paper submits that the use of
interviews as qualitative method of data collection for historical analysis is still very essential in the
non-literate and semi-literate societies.
Keywords: Historical Analysis, Primary Sources, Qualitative Method, Data Collection, Historical
Research
Gorincioi Grigore Sovereignty and Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Moldova
ERCICSSH2025071
Gorincioi Grigore
Department of History and Philology, University of Alba Iulia - UAB, Alba, Romania

Abstract
The sovereignty, independence, and integrity of territory are the core values of the functioning and
development of any state. These elements are directly linked with security assurance. The millenary
history of Moldova people and its continuous statehood within the ethnic region of its national
making makes it a sovereign and an independent state. The Republic of Moldova gains this
popularity or independence after so many struggles; the struggle for language, parliament, and the
social and economic rights of Moldova people. The Declaration of Independence Republic of
Moldova instantly and clearly declares Moldovan sovereignty on top of the territory of Transnistria
as this is a component of the historical and cultural region of the Republic of Moldova. Although,
the Declaration of Moldova Independence is itself used as an altercation opposing Moldovan
sovereignty over Transnistria. In order to build up the unitary concept, 'Romanianism' in Moldova
became an ethnic nationalism, which became a warning for the existing state recognition; thus, the
young started undermining the political positions that the country took in that period. The Republic

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 49

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

of Moldova fights against Russia for political restraints. They fight for the predominance of private
properties, economy, and market reforms. The will of the Republic of Moldova people would mean
that they can decide their present and future, and in this regard, Romania supports the
strengthening of its sovereignty. The basic notion of PF (Popular Front) understood the return of
Soviet concepts as a political, slavish conformism, which is essentially the main reason for the
economic and cultural doldrums.
Juvy Lou Bhattrau Analyzing Social Network’s Roles: A Study of BTS on Twitter
ERCICSSH2025075
Juvy Lou Bhattrau
Development Communication, Adventist University, Philippines

Abstract
The Social Network Analysis (SNA) has already been used to investigate social network structures,
however, there is still a lack of understanding of the users’ roles and how these roles are used in
expanding influence for online fan communities specifically in the music industry in a macro scale.
In this context, it is important to analyze and identify the roles of the users as stakeholders in
different social network contents. In this study, a new methodological approach is applied consisting
of four steps, namely (1) content categorization, (2) identification of social network roles as actors,
(3) profiling of the users, and finally (4) roles classification. Using NodeXL software in analyzing
three data sets from Twitter enables us to identify the four roles- the speakers, referred sources,
linkers, and influencers on the three categorized user-generated contents (UGC)-performance,
music launching, and online program of South Korea’s Bangtan Boys (BTS). The main findings of
the study revealed that the three main groups of stakeholders- celebrities, media, and online fan
communities- are interrelated and that their roles in the network can be interchanged depending on
the contents shared. Finally, the development and application of this new methodological approach
enables us to contribute to a clearer understanding of the users which can essentially help music
industry in taking into consideration the roles each user play in a social network platform, the
relationship that develops among the network actors, and how these central actors be considered as
stakeholders in today’s heavily connected world.
Keywords: BTS, Korean Pop Music (K-Pop), Social Network Analysis (SNA), Social Networking
Sites (SNS), Network Actors
Leonardo Horacio The Development of Subjective Valuation
Noriega Medina
ERCICBELLP2025063 Leonardo Horacio Noriega Medina
Cognitive Robotics Laboratory, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca,
Mexico

Abstract
This study sought to explore the existence of three components of subjective valuation in preschool
and elementary children: a) Abstraction – choices not based on concrete characteristics of goods; b)
Absoluteness – trade-off value should be invariant among different goods; and Integration of
Dimensions – agents choose based on many factors which are translated into a unique subjective
magnitude. Methods: Preschool (N=20) and elementary children (N=70: 1st=8; 2nd=19; 3rd=18;
4th=25) were tested. First, children ordered their preferred stickers, from less liking to the most: A,
B and C. Second, they were subjects to a dual-choice experiment where in each trial, per children,
they had to choose between dyads of stickers: 1A vs.1B; if they chose 1B, in the next trial the
amount of sticker A was increased by one until a trade-off point was reached, same with B:C and
A:C. If the trade-off expressed cardinal transitivity (CT) (i.e. 1B=2A, 1C=2B then 1C=4A), then all
components are assumed to exist. Results: Of 90 children, 11 showed CT, also, it exists in about a
9.5% of the children with no statistical differences between groups. Conclusion: present results
suggest that there are differences in abstraction and specific amount integration between preschool
and elementary children; this is consistent with research showing structural and functional
differences in children within these stages. However, future studies should seek to replicate the
current study with bigger amounts of participants and trying to incorporate a ludic and
longitudinal design with multiple trials while also framing choices to a need which can be satiated
by collecting multiple goods.
Keywords: Subjective Value, Development, Decision Making, Children

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 50

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

Julia Kołodziejska Social consequences of the August 2008 war on the example of the IDP settlement - Tserovani
ERCICSSH2026054
Julia Kołodziejska
Interdisciplinary Doctoral School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Political Science and Security
Studies, Discipline: Security Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland

Abstract
The functioning of the civilian mission EUMM Georgia is the result of the Sarkozy-Medvedev
agreement, following the "five-day" war of August 2008. When determining the balance of mission
activities, the author takes into account obstacles to the implementation of mission activities, the
results of mission activities, the current situation in the region and the prospects for further mission
functioning. The implementation of the above aspects would not be possible without own
contribution in the form of field studies. The author undertook the implementation of long-term
volunteering in Georgia during which worked in a Georgian non-governmental organization
located in one of the settlements of internally displaced persons - Tserovani. The key to the research
was taking part in the EUMM border patrol consisting in visiting border points and visting the field
office with the observers. The use of participant observation, interviews, and analysis of mission
press releases led to the dissemination of non-disseminated knowledge. The author considers the
limited obstacles to the mission's mandate to be the biggest obstacles to the mission's activity, i.e. the
inability to station border patrols in Abkhazia and South Ossetia, and incidents caused by the
Russian, Abkhazian and South Ossetian side - forcing the mission to be reactive. The functioning of
the mission increases security due to the specific role of the "link" between the affected community
and the government and local authorities, as well as between the Georgian side and other members
of the conflict. The Georgian side is complying with the provisions of the agreement of August 12,
2008, while life-threatening incidents and violations of the region's stability are still occurring. The
current mission mandate expires in December 2020. Prospects seem to depend on several variables.
In order to limit the number of incidents and prevent unacceptable actions of the side of Abkhazia
and South Ossetia, it is necessary to continue the mission, the author identified three scenarios for
future events.
Keywords: EUMM, Civil Mission, Abkhazia; South Ossetia, Internally Displaced Persons
Mohammad Alkhatib Grammatical Issues in Saudi EFL Writings: A Minimalist Approach
ERCICSSH2026058
Mohammad Alkhatib
English Department, University of Prince Mugrin, Medina, Saudi Arabia, Iran

Abstract
This empirical study is an analysis of EFL writing by third year university students. There are three
aims of the current work; (1) to find out the kinds of grammatical errors Saudi students make in
their writings; (2) to explicate ungrammaticality of the students' errors employing the Minimalist
Program; (3) to evaluate the contributing factors that cause grammatical errors. Data was derived
from compositions written by a stratified random sample of twenty junior students majoring in
English department at Faculty of Arts and Humanities in King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah,
Saudi Arabia. In view of this, these compositions are an assignment given by their lecturer as a kind
of critical writing about the play Trifles by Glaspell. The study is qualitative in nature as it
primarily focuses on analyzing the types of grammatical errors no matter how frequent they occur.
Findings revealed that most of the grammatical errors are in sentence structure, prepositions,
subject-verb agreement and wrong use of words. The results demonstrated that Saudi juniors do
not completely fulfill the requirement for lexical information of an English sentence in the sense
they still do not fully understand how many arguments a verb must have, what features a verb may
have in terms of transitivity, intransitivity or even what kind of phrase that a verb subcategorizes
for. With regard to factors causing ungrammaticality, intra-language errors were the majority of
the grammatical errors in the writings whereas mother-tongue interference has no great influence
on the students' writing. Saudi EFL students seem to over-generalize English rules to other
positions in sentence structure. Also, they are not aware, sometimes, of the exceptions or restrictions
of a rule which results in ill-formed structure.
Keywords: Minimalist Program, X-bar Theory, Inta-lingual Issues, Inter-language Issues
Kartika Ayu The Quadro Helix Communication Models Approach in Developing Creative City of Malang

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 51

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

Ardhanariswari Kartika Ayu Ardhanariswari

ERCICSSH2026071 Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Pembangunan National “Veteran” Yogyakarta,
Indonesia

Prayudi
Faculty of Social and Political Sciences
Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Ninik Probosari
Faculty of Economics and Business
Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Yogyakart , Indonesia

Abstract
The development of the creative economy as the basis for the growth of a city has given rise to a
creative city concept. Cities are a vehicle for residents to move, innovate, and be creative. To foster
creative behavior in the city economy requires continuous communication and support from all
stakeholders, including Government, economic actors, and society. The first parameter of a creative
city is that it can develop the potential for a creative economy. Second, there is a role and synergy
between the government, academics, business actors, and the community (community). This
research aims to produce multi-stakeholder communication models based on the Quadro Helix
approach out by Malang's creative city. This methodology research will be conducted using
qualitative methods through in-depth interviews, observation, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD)
on government, academics, business actors, society (community). The result found that
Communication synergy between the government, business, community, and academics is essential
in developing Malang as a Creative City. The quadrohelix stakeholders are united in creative
Economy Committee, which helps formulate a roadmap for Malang as a creative city.
Keywords: Creative City, Quadro Helix, Multi-Stakeholder, Creative Economy
Dimitris Drossos Emotional Validation of Cognitive Responses to Personalized Advertisements: A Self-Validation
ERCICBELLP2026059 Perspective

Dimitris Drossos
Marketing & Communication, Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece

Paola Tselo
Athens University of Economics and Business

Grigorios Lamprinakos
Athens University of Economics and Business

Abstract
One of the most extensively studied and effective methods for enhancing the effectiveness of an
advertisement is to match an aspect of the persuasive message (i.e., its content, source, or the setting
in which it’s delivered) to an aspect of the consumer receiving it (Teeny, Siev, Briñol & Petty, 2020).
The effects of this personalized matching in consumer attitudes and behavior (also commonly
known as tailoring, targeting, or personalizing) comprises a robust and growing literature.
Importantly, while most research on personalized matching claims positive persuasive effects and
increased advertisement effectiveness, in this paper using a meta-cognitive paradigm we
demonstrate instances (the experience of certain emotions) where personalization may also produce
negative (i.e., “backfire”) effects. On the basis of the self-validation hypothesis (Petty, Briñol, &
Tormala, 2004), and emotional validation of thoughts (Briñol,Petty, & Barden, 2007; Briñol, Petty,
Stavraki, Lamprinakos, Wagner & Díaz, 2018) this study tests the notion that the incidental
experience of certain emotions, may affect perceived validity of consumers’ cognitive responses
towards an advertisement that in term may increase or decrease the reliance on product related
thoughts and subsequently purchase intention. We show that increasing perceived validity of
positive cognitive responses resulting from a personalized advertising message, enhances
advertisements’ effectiveness, while decreasing validity on positive cognitive responses reduces

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 52

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

advertisements’ overall effectiveness. On the other hand, increasing perceived validity of negative
cognitive responses resulting from non-personalized advertising message, reduces advertisements’
effectiveness, while decreasing perceived validity of negative valanced thoughts, increases the
overall advertisement effectiveness.
Keywords: Cognitive responses, Emotions, Advertisement, Persuasion, Consumer behavior
Lan Luo Mobile-Assisted Language Learning: Cognitive Load and Task Motivation
ERCICBELLP2026066
Lan Luo
School of European-American Languages and Culture, Guangxi University of Foreign Languages,
Nanning, Guangxi, China

Abstract
This study explores the relationship between cognitive load and task motivation of three listening-
based tasks via mobile assisted language learning (MALL). The investigation was conducted with 65
English language learners in three WeChat groups in China. A cognitive load questionnaire and a
task motivation questionnaire were administered to the participants. Using a quantitative method
approach to the study, we have found that the participants’ perceived low cognitive load did not
necessarily have an inverse relationship with task motivation, which depended on the germane
cognitive load and a balance between the intrinsic and extraneous cognitive load. Only when there
was a certain amount of germane load and intrinsic cognitive load, and the amount of the intrinsic
and the extraneous cognitive load was in a balance, was the task motivation predictable. This study
can shed light on task designers and future research to plan and integrate a mobile language
learning pedagogical framework.
Keywords: Cognitive Load, Task Motivation, Mobile Assisted Language Learning
Yaozhong Liang The Impact of China's Local Economic Development Level on the Development of Rural E-
ERCICBELLP2026068 Commerce: A Spatial Effect Analysis

Yaozhong Liang
Faculty of Economics, Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand

Abstract
In the context of the accelerated development of information technology and the Internet, rural e-
commerce has profoundly affected the transformation and development of rural China. However,
the academic circles lack sufficient understanding of the development laws and spatial
differentiation characteristics of China's rural e-commerce. This paper uses panel data from 31
provinces in China from 2013 to 2018. And selects the number of Taobao villages as the evaluation
index for rural e-commerce. Describe and analyze the current situation of rural e-commerce
development in various regions in China, and summarize its spatial distribution characteristics.
Using software such as Stata, ArcGIS, combined with spatial correlation analysis, nuclear density
analysis, and other spatial analysis methods, trying to analyze the spatial pattern characteristics
and influencing factors of Taobao village at the provincial level in China. On this basis, this paper
uses spatial econometric models to examine the impact of local economic development on the
development of Taobao Village based on the queen matrix and the economic distance matrix, and
considers the spatial effect. Specifically, this study uses the spatial lag model and the spatial error
model in the spatial econometric model to estimate the spatial influence factors of rural e-
commerce. The results obtained show that the local economic development level of each province
affects the development level of rural e-commerce, which shows that the development level of rural
e-commerce in a particular province is affected by neighboring provinces. In the model, these
findings provide a basis for China to formulate a new rural e-commerce policy. Simultaneously, it
emphasizes the importance of developing new policies to reduce spatial inequality in China's e-
commerce investment, such as using the spatial effects of super-cluster development to promote
polycentric development. The research also guides future research on the specific impact of China's
provincial economic development on rural economic development.
Keywords: Rural E-commerce, Taobao Village, Spatial Panel Model

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 53

 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
ISSN 2454-5899

LISTENERS
BoyataWenziAristote
Ministere Des Affaires Sociales, Kinshasa, R.D., Congo
ERCICSSH2002049
Paschal Onyia
Business Development, Patcy Global Resources, Rivers State, Nigeria
ERCICBELLP2004058
Niyonkomezi Lys-Bella
Faculty of Information Technology, University of Uganda Christian University, Uganda
ERCICSSH2005129
Ben Obrey
Pastor, Accra, Ghana
ERCICBELLP2005105
Yawen Chen
Centre of Education, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
ERCICSSH2013065
Siafa J. Seilay
Department of Economics, University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia
ERCICBELLP2016054
Shahad Alotaibi
Saudi Arabia
ERCICBELLP2017065
Khamutaeva Elmira
Institute of Philology, History and Law, Chechen State Pedagogical University, Grozny, Russia
ERCICBELLP2024071

Upcoming Conferences

https://sshraevents.org/sshra

International Conference on Social Science & Humanities (ICSSH), 2020 54