Tema 1: Estructura del texto.

Objectives: The student will learn about the use of punctuations and the different kinds of text we
can find in readings.

Ilustration 1: Students will watch the following video to get familiar with punctuation marks.

Exercise 1: WATCH THE VIDEO AND COMPLETE THE ACTIVITIES BELOW: LINK: https://youtu.be/AB_NfsSWbLA

1. ANSWER TRUE OR FALSE. IF THE STATEMENT IS FALSE WRITE THE CORRECT ANSWER.
A) Some examples of punctuation marks are #, +, @, and * ( FALSE )

B) Punctuation marks are used to clarify meaning and separate sentences ( TRUE )

Exercise 2: Using the video match the punctuations with their meanings.

MATCH THE PUNCTUATION MARK TO ITS DESCRIPTION

a. Full stop or period 4
______ 1. Show when a letter or a number has been left out.
b. Comma 8
______ 2. It is used to show that a sentence is a question.
c. Semi-colon 6
______ 3. It is used to separate letters, numbers or words.
d. Colon 9
______ 4. It is used at the end of a sentence or short form of a word.
e. Question mark 2
______ 5. It shows possession or a letter that is omitted.
f. Exclamation mark 7
______ 6. Separates parts of a sentences or elements of a list.
g. Ellipsis 5
______ 7. It shows emotion in a sentence.
h. Quotation marks 10
______ 8. It is used between two parts of a sentence.
i. Slash 3
______ 9. It introduces a list of things.
j. Apostrophe 1
______ 10. It shows a phrase or words that someone has said or written.

Interaction 1: Punctuation Marks and Kinds of texts.

1. Punctuation Marks

Punctuation marks are pauses or gestures used to clarify the meaning of our words. "They are
signals to the reader that indicate pause, place emphasis, alter the function or show the relationship
between the elements of the text." (Jane, 2008:122)

5.1 Importance of Punctuations Marks:

There is no doubt about punctuation marks importance. It has a great importance in writing; it
facilitates the reading of a reader, and prevent confusion and overlap between the sentence and words,
and if a good writer uses them, and put them in their right positions, they will help the reader to
understand what is written. If the writer neglected these signs, used or abused and did not put them in
their right positions, it will be difficult to read for the reader, and may lead to misunderstand what is
written.
Snooks (2002) states that marks of punctuation have a very important role in giving the intended
meaning to the language. He adds that the use of the wrong placement of such marks can change the
meaning of the sentence completely and sometimes even convert the sentence to complete nonsense.
5.2 Punctuation Marks and their Usages

In this research, we will deal with fourteen punctuation marks that are considered mostly used
in writing.

1. comma (‚)

1- When a subordinate (less important) clause comes before the principal clause.

e.g. If you do not go‚ help me.

2- To separate phrases in apposition (describing the same Person or thing mentionedearlier) from
the rest of sentence.

e.g. Mr. Brwon‚ the doctor‚ said that he travelled to Canda. 3- To separate

items in the same list.

e.g. She travelled to America ‚ Canda‚ and Australia. (Net: 1)

2. full stop(.)

1- A full stop is used at the end of the sentence and the next sentence begins with acapital letter

e.g. Ali felt tired. He went to bed.

2- an abbreviation ends in a full stop and with acronyms.

e.g. Etcetera→ etc. Mr. B.B.C. (Net:3)

3. Colon (:)

1- The use of a colon indicates that what follows is an explanation of what precedes it.
e.g. They have some news about the story: John's father has arrived. 2- It is also used

to introduce a list of the items.

e.g. To travel, you need the following items: a passport, a visa, an application and thecorrect fee
(Net:1).

4. Semi colon (;)

1- A semi colon is used to join two independent but related clauses or sentences.

e.g. She is a good writer; she has published several books.

2- It can also separate clauses of conjunctive adverbs such as however, therefore,moreover...

e.g. We shouldn't go to the fair; however, I do hear that they have good funnel cakes(Net:2).
5. Quotation mark (‘’)

1- Quotation marks are used for material that is quoted or emphasized.

e.g. Ali said, ‘I cannot finish my quiz’

2- Quotation marks are used to set off the title of short works of writing.

e.g. the television show, ‘Cheers’ (Truss: 2003).

6. Apostrophe (')

1- An apostrophe is used to refer to possessive singular or plural.

e.g. The boy's books. (singular)

e.g. The boys' books. (plural)

2- An apostrophe is used always to be included when telling the time.

e.g. It is eight o'clock. *short for: (eight of the clock)

3- An apostrophe is used to show letters are missing in words (omission).

e.g. You're→ You are

e.g. I'm→ I am (Truss:2003).

7. Exclamation mark (!)

1- An exclamation mark is used to signal the expression of a strong emotions such as:a-Excitement:
e.g. I can't wait! b-Panic: Ex/ Help me!

2- An exclamation mark is used to add an emphasis to the sentence.

e.g. There's a fly in my Soup. There's a fly in my Soup! (Snooks:2002).

8. Ellipsis (...)

1- An ellipsis is used to show that the speaker has been cut off abruptly(interrupted).
e.g. ‘Whatever you do, don't...’

2- An ellipsis is used to indicate a trailing off in speech or thought.

e.g. We could do this ... or maybe that...

9. slash (/)

1- Slash is used with fractions.

e.g. 1/2 = one-half

e. g. 2/3 = two-third

2- Use a slash to separate the day, month, and a year in dates.

10. Question mark (?)

1- Ues question mark at the end of any direct questions.

e.g. Who is your teacher?

2- Use a question mark at the end of a tag question (a statement followed by a shortquestion).

e.g. You speak English, don't you?(Jane:2008)

11. Hyphen (-)

1-A hyphen may separate, in some cases, the prefix from the second part of words.

e.g. co-opt, T-shirt.

2-A hyphen may join some compound words.

e.g. twenty-one. (ibid)

12. Parentheses (( ))

1-parentheses or brackets are often used to include extra or additional information intoa sentence.

e.g. The library (which was built in the seventeenth century) needs to be repaired.2-Parentheses

give additional, but non-essential information in a sentence.

e.g. France, America, and Spanish (but not Chinese) may be studied here.(Net:2)

13.Square Brackets ([ ] )

1-Square brackets are used to clarification, to help the reader understands thesentence.

e.g. She drove 60 [mile per hour] on the highway to town. (Net: 3)

14. Dash

(Em—Dash, En–Dash)

1-Em—Dash is used to indicate a break, often informally, or to add Parentheticalinformation.

e.g. They received a prize —and a certificate as well. 2- An En–Dash

is used to indicate a range. e.g.1939–1945( Net:1).

Interaction 2: Kinds of texts
Ilustration 2: You will watch the following videos to reinforce the topic.

https://youtu.be/8bBmL2O6jzY kinds of texts

https://youtu.be/GEDUF-Ec7Fo kinds of texts.

Practice: Students will read different kinds of texts in order to get more details about them.
Reading 1

Do you like shopping? How often do you go shopping? Where do you go shopping? Read the
following article and check any vocabulary you d

Read the article and find a word or a expression with the meanings given. Check the
example.

several
lifestyle luxury
thousand indoor entertainment
including don't miss
mall enjoy
Reading 2:
Read Martin’s blog. What did he do last weekend? What problems did he have?

X
X
X
X
X
X
Reading 3
Exercise 1

3 1 4 2
Picture 1 Picture 2 Picture 3 Picture 4

Exercise 2

X X
X
X X X X
X
Reading 4

x
x x
Exercise 1
Read the advice column. Match the problems with the sports professional’s advice.

Exercise 2

No, John is not getting enough exercise

No, he does not like sports
She goes to school and works part time at night
Amy does not have a lot of time
Bill goes to the gym every day
He does weight training