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Introduction of DBMS LEC 1

The document provides an overview of topics related to DBMS that may be covered in GATE exams, including: 1) Key concepts in DBMS like normalization, transactions, and indexing. 2) Specific techniques for normalization up to BCNF, transaction management models, and hashing vs indexing. 3) Additional relevant topics like relational algebra, SQL, and entity-relationship diagrams. The document serves as a study guide for the DBMS portion of the GATE exam, outlining important concepts and models to understand at varying levels of detail.

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Digambar Diwakar
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36 views21 pages

Introduction of DBMS LEC 1

The document provides an overview of topics related to DBMS that may be covered in GATE exams, including: 1) Key concepts in DBMS like normalization, transactions, and indexing. 2) Specific techniques for normalization up to BCNF, transaction management models, and hashing vs indexing. 3) Additional relevant topics like relational algebra, SQL, and entity-relationship diagrams. The document serves as a study guide for the DBMS portion of the GATE exam, outlining important concepts and models to understand at varying levels of detail.

Uploaded by

Digambar Diwakar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DBMS
• Data is a collection of facts, such as numbers, words, measurements,
observations or just descriptions of things.
• A database is a collection of related data which represents some aspect of
the real world.
• Database Management System (DBMS) is a software for storing and
retrieving users' data while considering appropriate security measures.
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DBMS according to GATE (7 to 9 Marks)
➢Key Concepts and Functional Dependency( 1 marks)
➢Normalization(2 marks)
➢Transaction and Serializability(2 marks)
➢Hashing and Indexing( 1 marks or 2 marks)
➢SQL ( 2 marks)
➢Relational Algebra ( 2 marks)
➢Tuple Relational Calculus ( 2 marks)
➢E-R Diagram ( 1 marks)
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➢Key Concepts and Functional Dependency( 1 marks)
➢Definition of Keys and Attributes Participating in Keys
➢Functional Dependencies
➢Types of Functional Dependency
➢Rules of Functional Dependencies
➢Attribute Closure
➢How to find Candidate keys?
➢How to find Super Keys?
➢Minimal Cover
➢Problem Caused by redundancy
➢ Equivalence set of Functional Dependency
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➢Normalization(2 marks)
➢Problem with Unnormalized Data Base
➢Normalization
➢1NF
➢2NF
➢3NF
➢BCNF
➢4NF
➢Multivalued Dependencies
➢Decomposition
➢Lossy
➢Lossless
➢Dependency Preserving
➢Dependency Not Preserving
➢2NF, 3NF, BCNF Decomposition
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➢Transaction and Serializability(2 marks)
➢Introduction
➢Transaction State Chart
➢ACID Properties
➢Schedule
➢Serial
➢Concurrent
➢Serializability
➢Conflict Serializability
➢View Serializability
➢Types of Failures
➢Recoverable/irrecoverable/cascade less/strict schedules
➢Locking Protocol
➢2PL(S2PL/R2PL/C2PL)
➢Deadlock Avoidance(wait and die/ wound and wait)
➢Time Stamp Protocol
➢Thomas Write Rule
➢Multiple Granularity Protocol
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➢SQL ( 2 marks)
➢Introduction
➢Basic SQL Queries
➢Nested Queries
➢Corelated Subqueries
➢Set Operations
➢Aggregate Functions
➢Group By and Having Clauses
➢Null Values
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➢Relational Algebra ( 2 marks)
➢Introduction
➢Selection and Projection
➢Set Operations
➢The Rename Operations
➢Joins
➢Division
➢TRC
➢DRC
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➢Hashing and Indexing( 1 marks or 2 marks)
➢Hashing
➢Hash Collision
➢Collision resolving techniques
➢File Organization
➢Indexing
➢Multilevel Indexig
➢B/B+ tree
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➢E-R Diagram ( 1 marks)
➢Database Design
➢Entity, Attributes, Relationship, Entity Set
➢Relationship set
➢Constraints
➢ER diagram to Table
➢Minimization of ER Diagram
➢Weak entity set
➢Specialization and Generalization
➢Aggregation
➢Ternary and N-ary Relationship
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rollno name cno cname grade
1 Raj 1 DBMS A
1 Raj 2 OS B
2 Rahul 1 DBMS B
3 Rahul 2 OS A
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