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tyrosine →→ Melanin %)
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phenylketonuria Dopamine
Thyroid hormone

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catecholamine -
norepinephrine 11-3.1-4 )

epinephrine
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Mental Retardation No mental retardation

ssymptoms
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vomiting
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•

phenylalanine ☐

G) urine
• 150. Dopamine precursor – dioxyphenylalanine
(DOPA) - is used in treatment of Parkinson’s
disease. This active substance is produced from
d-
81. A patient has been diagnosed with
alkaptonuria. Choose an enzyme whose
deficiency can be the reason for this
the following amino acid: pathology:
A. Phenylalanine hydroxylase
A. Alanine → O B. Homogentisic acid oxidase
B. Tyrosine C. Glutamate dehydrogenase
C. Cysteine D. Pyruvate dehydrogenase
D. Histidine E. Dioxyphenylalanine decarboxylase
E. Tryptophan
105. Healthy parents have got a fairh aired, D
57. A 1,5-year-old child presents with both

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mental and physical lag, decolorizing of
-

blue-eyed girl. Irritability, anxiety,

E-
skin and hair, decrease in catecholamine
sleep and feeding disturbance developed
concentration in blood. When a few drops
in the first months of the infant’s life. of 5% solution of trichloroacetic iron had
Neurological examination revealed been added to the child’s urine it turned
developmental lag. What method of olive green. Such alteration are typical for
genetic investigation should be used for the following pathology of the amino acid

Albinism
the exact diagnosis? metabolism:
A. Cytological A. Tyrosinosis

k→
denying
B. Alkaptonuria←
B.Gemellary
C. Biochemical •C. Phenylketonuria
D. Albinism
D. Genealogical E. Xanthinuria

D-
E. Population-statistical 11. A 1,5 year old child was taken to
156. Albinos can’t stand sun impact - they
=
the hospital. The examination revealed
don’t aquire sun-tan but get sunburns. Disturbed dementia, disorder of motor functions
regulation, hypopigmentation of skin, high rate of
.

metabolism of what aminoacid

-

-
phenylalanine in blood. What is the most probable
underlies this phenomenon?
.

diagnosis?
-

A. Glutamic acid A.Galactosemia

B. Methionine B. Phenylketonuria
C. Tryptophan C. Tyrosinosis
② D. Phenilalanine →
E. Histidine
tyrosine →Melanin
D. Down’s syndrome
E. Mucoviscidosis
87. A hospital admitted a 9 y.o. boy with
mental and physical retardation. Biochemical
blood analysis revealed high
D-
content of phenylalanine. Such condition .

may be caused by blocking of the following

enzyme:
A. Phenylalanine-4-monooxigenase Homogeny
☒
B. Oxidase of homogentisic acid
.

C. Glutmine transaminase
D. Asartate aminotransferase
E. Gutamate decarboxylase
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Branched chain Amino Acids :
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Branched
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117. Laboratory examination of a child
revealed increased concentration of leucine, valine,
isoleucine and their ketoderivatives in blood and
urine. Urine smelt of maple syrup. This disease is
characterized by the deficit of the following enzyme:
A. Dehydrogenase of branched amino
acids
B. Aminotransferase
C. Glucose-6-phosphatase
D. Phosphofructokinase
E. Phosphofructomutase
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Serotonin
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Melatonin Niacin indole
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• neurotransmitter
in the CNS
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Depression -

sleep-wake
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carcinoid
9→ 9¥ Diarrhea trmaia
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syndrome Dementia
[ flushing hyperemia
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142. A patient diagnosed with carcinoid
-

of bowels was admitted to the hospital.

58. There is only onee
o hormone among the
neurohormones which refers to the derivatives
-
it
Analysis revealed high production of of amino acids according to classification.
cong
-

serotonin. It is known that this substance Point it out:

is formed of tryptophane aminooacid. Tryptophan A. Oxytocin
What biochemical mechanism underlies B. Thyroliberin
this process?
A. Desamination ↳ -
C. Vasopressin
D. Melatonin
E. Somatotropin
B. Decarboxylation
C. Microsomal oxydation o
136. To determine functional state of the
patient’s liver, the analysis of animal indican excreted with
D. Transamination
E. Formation of paired compounds urine was conducted. indole
30. A patient has pellagra. Interrogation This substance is produced in the process
revealed that he had lived mostly on maize of detoxification of putrefaction products
for a long time and eaten little meat.
-
-
of a certain amino acid, which takes place
This disease had been caused by the deficit in the large intestine. Name this amino
- €
of the following substance in the maize: acid:
A. Alanine A. Valine
B. Tyrosine B. Tryptophan
C. Proline C. Glycine
D.d-Tryptophan → a Naiacin →
E. Histidine
5. Examination of a patient suffering from
PINI D. Serine
E. Cysteine
86. A 60-year-old man with a history of
cancer of urinary bladder revealed high chronic intestinal obstruction has excessive protein

=
rate of serotonin and hydroxyanthranilic putrefaction in the colon. What is the indicator of this

¥÷⇐⇐
acid. It is caused by excess of the following process?
amino acid in the organism: A.Bilirubinuria
A. Tryptophan
B. Alanine
⇐ →
B. Indicanuria
C. Hyperuricuria
C. Histidine D. Creatinuria
D. Methionine E. Glycosuria
E. Tyrosine
0
85. A man underwent a surgery for acute abdomen. His
urine is brown, with indicant levels over 93 mmol per 24
-

hours. What can be estimated based on urine indicant

-
-

levels?
A. Renal filtration ability
B. Oxidative deamination rate in
aromatic amino acids
C. Ammonia neutralization rate

{←
D. Protein putrefaction rate in the
-

intestine
E. Decreased activity of ornithine cycle
enzymes

O ←
19. A patient with encephalopathy was
admitted to neurological department.
Correlation of increasing encephalopathy
and substances absorbed by the

€-0
bloodstream from the intestines was +
revealed. What substances created in the
intestines can cause endotoxemia?
A. Indole
B. Butyrate
C. Acetacetate
D. Biotin
E. Ornithine
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oxidative Monoamine - ①
MAI
Deamination
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of
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[ Anti-depressants ]
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Depression
metabolite
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189. Pharmacological effects of antidepressants are
connected with inhibition of an enzyme catalyzing
biogenic amines noradrenaline and serotonine in the
mitochondrions of cerebral neurons. What
enzyme participates in this process?
A. Transaminase
B. Monoamine oxidase
C. Decarboxylase
D. Peptidase
E. Lyase
69. It is known that in metabolism of
catecholamine mediators the special role
belongs to monoamine oxidase (MAO).
How does this enzyme activate
+ these mediators
(noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine)?
A. Methyl group removal
B. Amino group attachment
-C. Oxidative deaminization
D. Carboxylation
E. Hydrolysis
105. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
are widely used in clinics as
psychopharmacological drugs. They
change the level of the following
neurotransmitter in the synapses:
A. ATP
B. Acetylcholine
,
C. Norepinephrine ympn.in ,
gang ,
D. Substance P
E. L-glutamate
 ⑨
Inhibitory
9
Decarboxylationreactionsi neurotransmitter
A trnctivity
{muscle contraction
Glutamate II. GABA
Decarboxylation C-ammf-smino.Butyi.ru
⇐
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BE ↳
co¥iN
o¥§

Histidine Histamine
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BI →
o
94. Inhibitory effect of GABA is due 0
126. In course of histidine catabolism a
to the increased permeability of the -
biogenic amine is formed that has powerful
postsynaptic membrane for chloride ions. This vasodilatating effect. Name it:
-

mediator is produced as a result of

=
-

A.Serotonin
decarboxylation of the following amino acid: B. Histamine
A. Glutamate C. Dioxyphenylalanine
B. Aspartate D. Noradrenalin
C. Glutamine

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109. During hypersensitivity test a patient
D. Asparagine → got subcutaneous injection of an antigen
-

E. Arginine which caused reddening of skin, edema,

. Asparagine
.

pain as a result of histamine action. This

.

149. A 9-month-old infant is fed with artificial biogenic amine is generated as a result of
formulas with unbalanced vitamin transformation of the following histidine
B6 concentration. The infant presents amino acid:

:
with pellagral dermatitis, convulsions, A. Phosphorylation
anaemia. Convulsion development might B. Methylation

/
be caused by the disturbed formation of: C. Decarboxylation
A. DOPA a D. Isomerization
B. Histamine E. Deaminization
C. Serotonin
D. GABA
E. Dopamine
113. A patient delivered to the

⇐
neurological department presents
with increased inhibition processes
in the central nervous system. What
neurotransmitter can cause this
condition, when in excess?
A. Acetylcholine
B. Dopamine
C. Adrenaline
D. GABA
E. Noradrenaline
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 143. M-r S presents all signs of the
hepatic coma: loss of consciousness, 63. The greater amount of nitrogen is
absence of reflexes, cramps, convulsion,
excreted from the organism in form of
disorder of heart activity, recurrent (periodical) respiration. What
are cerebrotoxical substances which accumulate in blood under urea. Inhibition of urea synthesis and
hepar insufficiency? accumulation of ammonia in blood and
A. IL-1 tissues are induced by the decreased activity
B.Ketonic body of the following liver enzyme:
C. Autoantibody A. Amylase
D. Necrosogenic substances
B. Aspartate aminotransferase
E. Ammonia
C. Urease
D. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase
0
155. After a serious viral infection a 3-
area
E. Pepsin
year-old child has repeated vomiting, loss
°
Gq
of consciousness, convulsions. Examination 178. A newborn child was found to have
a
revealed hyperammoniemia. What
may have caused changes of biochemical
reduced intensity of sucking, frequent
blood indices of this child? vomiting, hypotonia. Urine and blood
A. Activated processes of aminoacids exhibit increased concentration of citrulline.
decarboxylation What metabolic process is disturbed?

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B. Disorder of ammonia neutralization in A. Cori cycle
←
ornithinic cycle
C. Disorder of biogenic amines neutralization
B. Tricarboxylic acid cycle
C. Glycolysis
Kroisyue
D. Increased purtefaction of proteins in
intestines
D. Glyconeogenesis
E. Inhibited activity of transamination - E. Ornithinic cycle
enzymes 49. Examination of urine in a newborn
0
e
revealed presence of citrulline and high
170. Cerebral trauma caused increase
of ammonia formation. What aminoacid
•ammonia concentration. This baby is most likely
to have the disorder of the following substance
takes part in removal of ammonia from
production:
cerebral tissue? (
-

A. Valine Biram ) A. Creatinine primaries

B. Tyrosine B. Uric acid
C. Glutamic C. Ammonia
D. Tryptophan * D. Urea
E. Lisine E. Creatine
 o o •

)
140. Examination of a patient with chronic
renal insufficiency revealed an increase
in residual nitrogen concentration in

I
☒% ÷
blood up to 35 millimole/l, more than
half of which is urea. What type of
hyperazotemia is it?
A. Hepatic ↳ A
Nitrogen
-

F-
B. Retentional in
C. Productional b¥d ⇐
D. Residual
E. Combined
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%mno
68. A month after a serious operation a Acids
38-year-old patient has recovered and has
now positive nitrogen balance. Urine of
⑦ 9proteins
-
this patient may be found to have low
concentration of the following nitrogen containing

ÉÉ
substance:
A. Urea
B. Lactate
C. Stercobilinogen
D. Galactose
proteins
E. 17-ketosteroids brokendown

Negative nitrogen
balance
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