Fluid Mechanics –II (Assignment)

Submission Date: 5/07/2010

Q You must select a pump to transfer an Q You have to select a pump to transfer
organic liquid with a viscosity of 5 cP benzene from the reboiler of a
and SG of 0.87 at a rate of 1000 gpm distillation column to a storage tank at a
through a piping system that contains rate of 250 gpm. The reboiler pressure is
1000 ft of 8 in. sch 40 pipe, 4 globe 15 psig and the temperature is 60°C.
valves, 16 gate valves, and 43 std 90° The tank is 5 ft higher than the reboiler
elbows. The discharge end of the piping and is at a pressure of 25 psig. The total
system is 30 ft above the entrance, and length of piping is 140 ft of 2 in. sch 40
the pressure at both ends is 10 psia. pipe. The discharge line from the pump
I. What pump head is required? contains 3 gate valves and 10 elbows,
II. What is the hydraulic and the suction line has 2 gate valves
horsepower to be delivered to and 6 elbows. The vapor pressure of
the fluid? benzene at 60°C is 400 mmHg.
III. If the vapor pressure of the I. Using the pump curves shown in
liquid is 5 psia, how far directly Figure(I) ,determine the impeller
above the liquid level in the diameter to use in the pump, the
upstream tank could the pump be head that the pump would
located without cavitating? develop, the power of the motor
required to drive the pump, and
the NPSH required for the pump.
II. If the pump is on the same level
as the reboiler, how far from the
reboiler could it be located
without cavitating?

Q A water pump is used to pump water Q A centrifugal pump is used to pump

from one large reservoir to another large water at 77°F from a reservoir whose
reservoir that is at a higher elevation. surface is 20.0 ft above the centerline
The free surfaces of both reservoirs are of the pump inlet (Fig. III). The piping
exposed to atmospheric pressure, as system consists of 67.5 ft of PVC pipe
sketched in Fig. (II). The with an ID of 1.2 in and negligible
dimensions and minor loss coefficients average inner roughness height. The
are provided in the figure. The pump’s length of pipe from the bottom of the
performance is approximated by the lower reservoir to the pump inlet is 12.0
expression Havailable = H0 - aV2, where ft. There are several minor losses in the
shutoff head H0 = 24.4 m of water piping system: a sharp edged inlet (KL=
column, coefficient “a” 0.0678 0.5), two flanged smooth 90° regular
m/Lpm2, available pump head Havailable elbows (KL = 0.3 each), two fully open
is in units of meters of water column, flanged globe valves (KL= 6.0 each), and
and capacity V is in units of liters per an exit loss into the upper reservoir
minute (Lpm). Estimate the capacity (KL=1.05). The pump’s required net
delivered by the pump. positive suction head is provided by the
manufacturer as a curve fit:
 NPSHrequired =1.0 ft + (0.0054
2 2
ft/gpm )V ,
where volume flow rate is in gpm.
Estimate the maximum volume flow rate
(in units of gpm) that can be pumped
without cavitation.
Q A tanker carrying toluene is unloaded, Q The centrifugal pump shown in Fig. IV
using the ship’s pumps, to an onshore is not self-priming. That is, if the water
storage tank. The pipeline is 225 mm is drained from the pump and pipe
internal diameter and 900 m long. as shown in Fig. , the pump will not
Miscellaneous losses due to fittings, draw the water into the pump and start
valves, etc., amount to 600 equivalent pumping when the pump is turned on.
pipe diameters. The maximum liquid However, if the pump is primed [i.e.,
level in the storage tank is 30 m above filled with water as in Fig., the pump
the lowest level in the ship’s tanks. does start pumping water when turned
The ship’s tanks are nitrogen blanketed on. Explain this behavior.
and maintained at a pressure of 1.05 bar.
The storage tank has a floating
roof, which exerts a pressure of 1.1 bar
on the liquid. The ship must unload
1000 metric tons within 5 hours to avoid
demurrage charges. Estimate the power
required by the pump. Take the pump
efficiency as 70%.
Physical properties of toluene:
density 874 kg/m3, viscosity 0.62
mNm−2 s.
Q Tests by the Byron Jackson Co. of a Q In a certain application, a pump is
14.62-in-diameter centrifugal water required to deliver 5000 gpm against a
pump at 2134 r/min yield the following 300-ft head when operating at 1200 rpm.
data: What type of pump would you
recommend?

What is the BEP? What is the specific

speed? Estimate the maximum
discharge possible. It is desired to build
a centrifugal pump geometrically
similar to this pump to deliver 6500
gal/min of gasoline at 20°C at 1060
r/min. Estimate the resulting
I. impeller diameter
II. head
III. brake horsepower
IV. maximum efficiency.
Q It is desired to compress ethylene gas Q Air is to be compressed from 1 atm and
[MW = 28, k = 1.3, cp = 0.357 Btu/(lbm 70°F to 2000 psia. Calculate the work
°F)] from 1 atm and 80°F to 10,000 psia. required to do this per pound of air using
Assuming ideal gas behavior, calculate the following methods:
the compression work required per a) A single-stage 80% efficient
pound of ethylene under the following isothermal compressor.
conditions: b) A single-stage 80% efficient
a) A single-stage isothermal adiabatic compressor.
compressor c) A five-stage 80% efficient
b) A four-stage adiabatic adiabatic compressor with
compressor with inter-stage interstage cooling to 70°F.
cooling to 80°F and optimum d) A three-stage 80% efficient
inter-stage pressures adiabatic compressor with
c) A four-stage adiabatic interstage cooling to 120°F
compressor with no e) Calculate the final temperature of
intercooling, assuming the same the gas for cases (b), (c), and (d).
inter-stage pressures as in (b)
and 100% efficiency
Q Ethylene is to be compressed from 5 to Q Steam is compressed from 10 bar and
75 atm in three stages. Temperature to 473 K to 100 bar. If the isentropic
the first stage is 60°F, those to the other efficiency is 0.75, calculate the energy
stages are 100°F. Pressure loss between required(with the Mollier Diagram) to
stages is 0.34 atm (5 psi). Isentropic compress 10,000 kmole/h. Estimate the
efficiency of each stage is 0.87. exit gas temperature.
Compressibility at the inlets to the
stages are estimated from Figure, under
the assumption of equal compression
ratios as Z0 = 0.98, Z1 = 0.93, and Z2 =
0.83. The inter-stage pressures will be
determined on the basis of equal power
load in each stage. The estimated
compressibility can be corrected after
the pressures have been found, but
usually this is not found necessary. k =
Cp/Cv = 1.228 and (k − 1/k) = 0.1857

Q A centrifugal compressor is being used Q Water for a Pelton wheel turbine flows
to compress the Hydrogen Sulfide gas. from the headwater and through the
Estimate the power required , by treating penstock as shown in Fig (V)The
as nonideal gas and considering the effective friction factor for the penstock,
 polytropic path of compression, to control valves, and the like is 0.032, and
compress 5000 kmol/h of Hydrogen the diameter of the jet is 0.20 m.
Sulfide gas at 15 atm, 450 K, to 66 atm Determine the maximum power output.

Figure (I)
Figure (II)
Figure (III)

Figure (IV)
Figure (V)