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(Lecture 5) Multiplication Formulae-2

The document provides examples and problems involving multiplication and addition of polynomials, factorization of polynomials, and systems of equations involving real numbers. Some examples involve simplifying expressions involving sums and products of polynomials. Other examples involve solving systems of equations for specific values. The problems at the end test working with polynomials, systems of equations, factorization, and properties of exponents.

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63 views

(Lecture 5) Multiplication Formulae-2

The document provides examples and problems involving multiplication and addition of polynomials, factorization of polynomials, and systems of equations involving real numbers. Some examples involve simplifying expressions involving sums and products of polynomials. Other examples involve solving systems of equations for specific values. The problems at the end test working with polynomials, systems of equations, factorization, and properties of exponents.

Uploaded by

Hendri
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecture 5

Multiplication Formulae

10
Example 1. Evaluate the expression (2 + 1)(22 + 1)(24 + 1) ⋯ (22 + 1) + 1.

Example 2. Simplify the expression (𝑎6− 𝑏6) ÷ (𝑎3 − 𝑏3) ÷ (𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2).

Example 3. Given 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 8, 𝑥𝑦 = −15, find the value of (i) (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 and (ii) 𝑥 4 + 𝑦4.
1 1 1
Example 4. Given 𝑥 + = 3, find the value of (i) 𝑥 3 + ; (ii) 𝑥 4 + .
𝑥 𝑥3 𝑥4

5 13
Example 5. Given 𝑥 + 𝑦 = , 𝑥 2 + 𝑦2 = , find the value of 𝑥 5 + 𝑦5.
2 4

Example 6. Given that the real numbers 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 satisfy the system of equations
𝑥+𝑦+𝑧= 6
{ 𝑥 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 26
2

𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 + 𝑧 3 = 90.

Find the value of 𝑥𝑦𝑧 and 𝑥 4 + 𝑦4 + 𝑧4

Example 7. (SSMO/2000) For any real number 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐, find the smallest possible values that the
following expression can take:

3𝑎2 + 27𝑏 2 + 5𝑐 2 − 18𝑎𝑏 − 30𝑐 + 237.

Example 8. If 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑 > 0 and 𝑎4 + 𝑏 4 + 𝑐 4 + 𝑑 4 = 4𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑑, prove that 𝑎 = 𝑏 = 𝑐 = 𝑑.

Example 9. Given 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 𝑐 + 𝑑 and 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3= 𝑐 3 + 𝑑 3. Prove that 𝑎2009 + 𝑏 2009 = 𝑐2009 + 𝑑 2009.

Testing Questions (A)

1. (SSMO/1998) Suppose 𝑎, 𝑏 are two numbers such that


𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 8𝑎 − 14𝑏 + 65 = 0.
2 2
Find the value of 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 .

2. Given 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 2, 𝑏 − 𝑐 = 4, find the value of 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 − 𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏𝑐 − 𝑐𝑎.

3. For integers 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 and 𝑑, rewrite the expression (𝑎2 + 𝑏2)(𝑐 2 + 𝑑 2) as a sum of squares of two
integers.

4. Given 14(𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 𝑐2) = (𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 3𝑐)2, find the ratio 𝑎 ∶ 𝑏 ∶ 𝑐.

𝑥 𝑥2
5. Given = 𝑎(𝑎 ≠ 0), find the value of 𝑥4 + 3𝑥2 + 1.
𝑥2 + 3𝑥 + 1
1 1
6. Given 𝑥 + = 𝑎, find the value of 𝑥 6+ in terms of 𝑎.
𝑥 6

7. Given that 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑 ≠ 0, and 𝑎4 + 𝑏4 + 𝑐4 + 𝑑 4 = 4𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑑. Prove that 𝑎2 = 𝑏2 = 𝑐 2 = 𝑑2.

8. Given 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑑 = 0, prove that


𝑎3 + 𝑏3 + 𝑐 3 + 𝑑 3 = 3(𝑎𝑏𝑐 + 𝑏𝑐𝑑 + 𝑐𝑑𝑎 + 𝑑𝑎𝑏).

9. Given that (𝑥 − 2)3 + (𝑦 − 2)3 + (𝑧 − 2)3 = 0, 𝑥 2 + 𝑦2 + 𝑧2 = 14, 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 6, prove that at


least one of 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 is 2.

10. Given that 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 𝑐 3= (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)3, prove that for any natural number 𝑛
𝑎2n+1 + 𝑏2n+1 + 𝑐 2n+ 1 = (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)2n+1.

Testing Questions (B)

1. (CHNMOL/2005) if 𝑀 = 3𝑥 2 − 8𝑥𝑦 + 9𝑦2 − 4𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 13 (where 𝑥, 𝑦 are real numbers), then


𝑀 must be
(A) positive; (B) negative; (C) 0; (D) an integer.

2. Given 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 𝑐 + 𝑑 and 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 𝑐 2 + 𝑑 2. Prove that 𝑎2009 + 𝑏2009= 𝑐 2009 + 𝑑 2009

3. If 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 0, prove that 2(𝑎4 + 𝑏4 + 𝑐4) = (𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 𝑐2)2.

4. If 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 1, 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 2, find the value of 𝑎7 + 𝑏7.

5. (CHNMOL/2004) Given that the real numbers 𝑎, 𝑏 satisfy 𝑎3+ 𝑏3 + 3𝑎𝑏 = 1, find 𝑎 + 𝑏.

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