MINI PROJECT REPORT ON

“ SOLAR POWERED BYCYCLES ”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

Master’s in Business Administration (MBA)

Submitted by: Under the guidance of:

SAHEB AKHTER PROF.DEEPTI TRIPATI

Batch of 2022-24

GALGOTIAS INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT & TECHNOLOGY PLOT NO 1,

KNOWLEDGE PARK-2, GREATER NOIDA-201306 (UP)

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Blank page for college certificate

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 PREFACE

Innovative Idea Development is the overall process of taking a service or a

product from conception to market. New products and services are meant to
fill a consumer demand or an opportunity in the marketplace.

New products generally differ from a product line extension. Examples of new
products include things like one-cup gourmet coffee machines. Keurig machine
offered the gourmet coffee experience previously only found in a coffee shops,
right at home. Examples of product line extensions include products like Diet
Coke. Coca-Cola company used Diet Coke to target the market of soda drinkers
that wanted a lower calorie soda than their regular Coke product.

However the more loose definition of New Product includes not only new to
the world products and services, but also new to the market and new to the
company products. It is basically catering to a heretofore untapped customer
need or want or desire.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is my pleasure to acknowledge and express my gratitude to all those who helped me

throughout in the successful completion of this project.

I Would like to thank Our group Director PROF.DEEPTI TRIPATHI, for providing the
necessary facilities Required For Completition of the project .

I am also thankful to our MBA Head of Department PROF DR. TARIQ SIDDIQI Who has
shared his valuable knowledge and experience & guided time to time.

SAHEB AKHTER

MBA Semester-I

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 STUDENT DECLARATION

I, hereby state that the project for the MBA degree, MINI PROJECT, (Semester 1) on
“SOLAR POWERED BYCYCLES” has been originally carried out by me under the
supervision of PROF DEEPTI TRIPATHI, Associate professor, Galgotias Institute Of
Technology & Management, Greater Noida and this has not been submitted elsewhere for
any other degree and diploma previously.

The information presented in this report of market research is correct to the best of my
knowledge and the analysis is as per the norms and guideline provided for the report. I have
utilized the requisite concept and applied the required methodologies to analysis the primary
data collected to reach the conclusion in the report.

Place: Greater Noida Sign:

Date: (SAHEB AKHTER

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

S NO. CONTENTS PAGE NO.

CHAPTER –1
1.1 INTRODUCTION 8-9

1.2 HISTORY OF SOLAR POWERED VEHICLES 10

1.3 BENEFITS OF SOLAR ENERGY 11

1.4 FUNCTIONS OF SOLAR PANEL 12-13

1.5 PROCESS OF CONVERTING SOLAR ENERGY 14-15

INTO ELECTRICITY

1.6 IMPORTANCE OF SOLAR POWERED BICYCLE 16-17

CHAPTER –2 18-26
2.1 DESIGN ANALYSIS

2.2 COMPONENTS NEEDED FOR SOLAR BICYCLE

CHAPTER –3 29-32
3.1 STAGES OF INNOVATION/ CREATIVITY

3.2 IDEA GENERATION

3.3 PROJECT SELECTION

3.4 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

3.5 COMMERCIALIZATION

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 CHAPTER 4 33-39
5.1 RESULT/FINDINGS/CONCLUSION

5.2 PEST ANALYSIS

5.3 SWOT ANALYSIS

5.4 FUTURE ASPECTS

CHAPTER 5

6.1 BIBLIOGRAPHY 40

6.2 REFRENCES 41

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INTRODUCTION

Energy demand worldwide is increasing rapidly, mainly due to the world population increase
and secondly due to the world population increase and secondly due to the rapid technology
advances that are expected to happen in the years to come. The average yearly energy
demand increase is a strong function of gross national product per capita growth. Thus, with
this in mind, the present rate of fossil fuel consumption will lead to an insufficient energy
supply needed to satisfy world demand after the year 2022. The solution to this problem is
either to use nuclear power or renewable energy. It is my opinion that nuclear power is not
acceptable by the world public at large. Because of its hazardous effects on the environment,
short term or long term, in addition it is accompanied by huge risks of accidents that can ruin
human lives and is politically dangerous due to the unrest at various countries in the world.
Therefore, renewable energy sources are the solution to the world’s energy demand in the 21 st

century. This is especially true for countries like INDIA where the population growth is large.
Renewable energy in general comes in three different forms: solar, wind and hydro.

1. Abundance of solar energy everywhere in the country, with a mean of 6500 wh/m2
day and 3500 sunshine hours per year

2. Public interest in the field

3. Need of development of remote and vast desert areas that require huge investments
for infrastructure and utilities, and in which solar energy can play a vital role minimizing the
cost of those required utilities since solar power only needs amortization of its high initial
cost.

4. Solarenergy can be used to meet local demand while the country’s production of
petroleum products be exported to gain hard currency.

5. Use of an inexhaustible, renewable and clean energy supply from the sun will reduce
the high pollution (whether air pollution or water pollution) in the country

6. The current trend in the power sector is to change societies dependent on fossil fuels,
to a world opting for alternate renewable resources, for their energy requirements, so as to
conserve the natural energy.

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7. Soon the world is going to be depleted of all - nonrenewable resources, like oil and
gas reserves, if the world's demand for energy from fossil fuels continues at the present rate.

8. This idea is an example of replacing conventional vehicles used for transportation,

which are dependent on fuel, with a more cost effective and environment friendly system,
dependent on electricity, since it is the most efficient non-polluting source of energy known to
man-kind today.

 The solar assisted bicycle developed is driven by DC motor fitted in front or rear axle
housing & operated by solar energy.

 The solar panels mounted on the carriage will charge the battery & which in turn
drive the hub motor. When the bicycle is idle, the solar panel will charge the battery.

 This arrangement will replace the petrol engine, the gear box & the fuel tank in case
of a two-wheeler or a chain sprocket, chain & gear shifting arrangement of a
conventional bicycle being used by most common man.

 As a part of dissertation work, the solar assisted bicycle is fitted with a dc hub motor
on front axle of a bicycle with power rating of 250W and with a travelling speed of
around 25-30 kmph. It is provided with a pair of lead acid batteries of 35 Ah each, a
photovoltaic solar panel with capacity of 20 watt, a voltage regulator of 24v 10 Amp,
accelerator and motor controller of 24v 25Amp.

 There is also a provision for charging of the battery with 220-240V, AC wall outlet
supply, in case of poor solar supply due to cloudy weather.

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HISTORY OF SOLAR POWERED VEHICLES

Experimentation using photovoltaic devices for the propulsion of wheeled land transportation
vehicles has been ongoing since the 1980s (USDOE, ND). Despite vast improvements in
photovoltaic technologies, vehicles using internal combustion engines have remained the
primary method of land-based transportation. The development of solar vehicles as a
practical alternative to gasoline and diesel fuel vehicles is currently not feasible due to
significant limitations of solar technology (Sorrentino et al, 2010). The low energy density of
solar power and the unpredictability of solar irradiation due to transient weather effects are
both significant drawbacks faced by solar power vehicle researchers (Arsie et al, 2006).
Research by Sorrentino et al (2010), however, shows the viability of integrating solar panels
into hybrid-electric vehicles to supplement energy production. Literature surrounding solar
power vehicle propulsion has been predominantly conducted for highly specialized vehicle
applications (Arsie et al, 2006) such as speed-optimized racing. For example, international
solar vehicle racing competitions such as the World Solar Challenge, require participants to
design solar powered vehicles to travel across the Australian continent (World Solar
Challenge, 2010). With the limitations in solar energy production, performance of these
racing vehicles depends greatly on improving vehicle aerodynamics and reducing vehicle
mass. For applications where a more practical commuter vehicle is desired, optimizing these
parameters in the same way may not be feasible due to concerns of vehicle safety. Although
limited in performance, a compact electric car manufactured in China was retrofitted with
rooftop solar panels. The car is estimated to travel up to 90 miles on a 30-hour charge from
the sun (Ride Lust, ND), although verification of this data by reputable academic sources
could not be obtained. A search of current literature did not find direct uses of on-board solar
power specifically for PAEBs beyond a few hobbyist do-it-yourself bicycle modification kits.
These solar-electric modification kits claim to produce self-sufficient power from the sun, but
reproducible experiments and data could not be obtained. An example of one such solar
power modification kit includes the use of photovoltaic panels built into the wheels of the
bicycle (TreeHugger, ND) Cases of using external solar panels for charging PAEBs have
been observed in various parking lot applications. The Japanese company Sanyo has
developed solar parking lots for recharging PAEBs for employees (Sanyo, 2010)

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 BENEFITS OF SOLAR ENERGY

1. Benefits of Solar Energy to the Environment

 One of the great advantages of solar energy over fossil fuels is that compared to fossil
fuels, it has a less negative impact on the environment.

 Among the main reasons that fossil fuels are not environmentally friendly is that they
produce greenhouse gases which pollute the air and the water.

 The good news is that solar energy is exactly the opposite of fossil fuels in this
regard.

 Another advantage of this energy type is that it doesn’t create any noise! It’s
important since they are used for residential purposes as well!

 It is also among the benefits of solar energy in rural areas since many solar panels are
installed in these areas.

2. Saving Water

 Using solar energy also helps save water. Solar panel maintenance requires very little
water while nuclear power plants need a lot for maintenance which leads to wasting
water.

3. Saving Money

 Your electricity bill will be lower because you will get most of your energy from the
solar panels.

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 FUNCTIONS OF SOLAR PANEL

 Solar panels are fast becoming a very attractive renewable energy option, which could
end up being incredibly beneficial to the environment.

 The process of converting sunlight to electrical energy is one that has improved
dramatically over the last few decades, and is now more efficient than ever.

 The use of solar energy has been around for years in small devices such as calculators,
but now many are talking about powering houses and businesses off of these panels.

 Solar is one of the most promising renewable energy sources currently available, due
to the fact that solar power is abundant.

 The rays that emanate from the sun can produce nearly 1,000 watts of energy for
every square meter of the earth’s surface.

 By collecting that energy, we would never have to rely upon damaging fossil fuels
again.

 A solar PV system uses sunlight to generate electricity which you can use to power
your home or office that can reduce your carbon footprint and impact on the
environment.

 Solar energy is created using the energy which has been generated by the sun.

 A solar power panel is able to function using the solar energy which is derived from
the sun. Every solar power panel contains many different silicon cells or solar cells.

 They are building blocks of solar panels. The energy from the sun is absorbed by
these solar cells.

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 The solar energy derived from the sun is converted into electricity with the help of a
solar power panel.

 For this reason, it is important to understand exactly how solar panels work, and how
they can be used to produce electricity for the average home.

 The solar panels installed on the rooftops absorb sun’s light (photons) from the sun.

 The silicon and the conductors in the panel convert the sunlight into Direct Current
(DC) electricity which then flow into the inverter.

 The inverter then converts DC to AC (alternating current) electrical power which you
can use at your home.

 Excess electricity that is not used by you can be fed back to the grid.

 When your solar panels produce less power than what is required by you at home, you
can always buy electricity from the utility.

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 PROCESS OF CONVERTING SOLAR ENERGY INTO ELECTRICITY

 Solar panels use a special process of converting photons to electrons to generate a

current by making use of a special type of cell known as a photovoltaic cell.

 These cells are commonly found on the front of calculators and small gadgets. When
a bank of them is connected together, they are collectively known as a solar panel.

 Photovoltaic cells are made up of semi conductive materials such as silicon.

 The semiconductor absorbs the light from the sun. When this happens, the photons in
the sunlight knock some of the electrons in the semi conductive material loose which
allows them to flow in an electrical current.

 Within each cell, there is an electric field which is used to streamline this flow of
electrons in a particular direction.

 When these electrons meet a metal, contact placed on the photovoltaic cell, it can be
used to power devices.

 Solar energy is the most eco-friendly form of energy which can be utilized in order to
perform our everyday activities.

 People all over the world have come conscious regarding the safety of the
environment and they are looking for ways of utilizing this solar energy
.
 There are many different kinds of solar power battery chargers which can be found in
the market and some of them have exclusive functions.

 They are also available in different price ranges.

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 The best method of operating the solar power panel is by making use of a solar power
battery charger.

 The process of operating the solar power panel becomes a lot easier when a solar
power battery charger is used.

 One of the most important advantages of these solar power battery chargers is that
they are easily portable and hence they can easily carry to different places in order to
charge various appliances.

 People can also decide to take these solar power battery chargers even when they are
going on a vacation or on some kind of long trip.

 The need to carry extra batteries will not arise when a solar power battery charger is
available.

 Most gadgets and appliances can be charged by making use of a solar power battery
charger.

 The main advantage of these solar power battery chargers is that they can be used
many times for charging purposes without having to pay for the extra power.

 The casings for these batteries are made using light material which is tough and uses
low heat transmittance. They will also protect the body of the battery from extreme
weather conditions and also from being taken away by thieves and intruder.

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 IMPORTANCE OF SOLAR POWERED BICYCLE

Figure 1

 Solar bicycle also known as solar-e-bike is an electric bicycle with an electric motor
which is driven by the use of power from the battery which is being changed using
solar energy by solar panels.

 Photovoltaic (PV) cells contained in solar panels convert the sun’s energy directly
into electric energy are used.

 The most important part of a solar powered electric bicycle is surely the solar
charging. This was accomplished with an array of four panels, each rated at 75 watts.

 Solar-powered bicycles offer great benefits and are just as good as ordinary bicycles.
If you’re the type of person who may have some issues with your knee and may
experience pain in the kneecap due to excessive exercising, this type of bicycle would
be an ideal bicycle for you.

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CAN I BUY AN ELECTRIC BIKE THAT HAS BEEN MANUFACTURED
SPECIFICALLY TO HARNESS SOLAR POWER?

 Currently, there are no major suppliers of off-the-shelf electric bikes with integrated
solar power capacity. This is a shame as this would, of course, be the easiest option.

 Several specialized models are in development, though, and it is a market that will, no
doubt, grow with demand.

 One of those at the forefront of the field that looks like they are close to officially
launching are the Sun-E Bikes.

 They have photovoltaic cells on their frame and wheels which allow the bike to
charge as it is being ridden.

 For the moment, however, this is not an option available on the general market.
Watch this space for more developments in the future.

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 DESIGN ANALYSIS

COMPONENTS NEEDED FOR SOLAR POWERED BICYCLE

FIGURE 4

 The most important thing before starting the project we must clearly understand about
the topic that we want to do.

 So, by doing the literature review we can gain knowledge to make sure we fully
understand and can complete the project.

 The basic configuration of an electric bicycle drive consists of a controller that

controls the power flow from the battery to the electric motor.

 This power flow acts in parallel with the power delivered by the rider via the pedal of
the bike
.
 The rider of an E-bike can choose to rely on the motor completely, pedal and use the
motor at the same time or pedal only (use as a conventional bicycle) The solar energy
will be absorbed by the portable solar panel to generate the power. The power that had
been absorbed by the panel can be used directly by the motor if the power matches the
power requirement. If not, the motor will use the power from a battery.

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 A. Solar Panel

FIGURE 5

 As the title suggests the bicycle is operated by solar energy.

 The lead acid battery is charged with solar energy with the help of a solar cell.

 Solar cells convert the energy of sunlight directly into electricity through the use of
the photovoltaic effect.

 The photovoltaic effect involves the creation of a voltage into an electro-magnetic

radiation.

 The photoelectric and photovoltaic effects are related to sunlight, but are different in
that electrons are ejected from a material’s surface upon exposure to radiation of
sufficient energy in photoelectric, and generated electrons are transferred to different
bands of valence to conduction within the material, resulting in the build-up of
voltage between two electrodes in photovoltaic.

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 A photovoltaic module or photovoltaic panel is a packaged interconnected assembly
of photovoltaic cells, also known as solar cells.

 The photovoltaic module, known more commonly as the solar panel, is then used as a
component in a larger photovoltaic system to offer electricity for commercial and
residential applications.

 The primary difficulty with solar power and indeed with its cousin wind power has
been one of efficiency. There is more than enough energy hitting the earth in the form
of solar radiation to meet power needs of our species.

 This 30W 12V Panel converts solar energy to electrical energy and supplies it to the
battery. It is equipped with a charge controller which prevents battery from
overcharging.

 Solar cells are electrically connected and fabricated as a module with a sheet of glass
on top to allow light to pass and protect the semiconductor from the weather.

 To obtain a desired peak DC voltage we will add solar cells in series, and to obtain a
desired peak current, the solar cells are put in parallel position

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 B. MOTOR

FIGURE 6

 You will also need to buy an MPPT boost or DC-DC convertor so that this can be
hooked up to your e-bike.

 This converter will increase the voltage that the solar panel has produced, making it
suitable for charging the electric bike battery.

 Always make sure that the voltage output will be compatible with your battery.

 You will then need output wires that can run from the converter to the e-bike charger.

 The main characteristic of Brushless DC Machines is that they may be controlled to

give wide constant power speed ranges because the Motor Voltage may be held
constant at Maximum Bus Voltage over the Constant Power Range. In this condition
the machine exhibits a leading power factor and with suitable control leads to low
switching losses in the Inverter when in the High-Speed Region-The Machine has the
lowest size and weight of any of the main contenders.

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  The disadvantage is the need for Permanent Magnets with Unity Recoil Permeability
and Suitable Containment Sleeve Technology both of which have now been solved
effectively. In this type of machine, the main losses are in the Stator Iron and a
number of factors are important in reducing this.

 Helps to run the bicycle and reduce the human efforts, thus the bicycle will be applied
with an electric DC motor.

Types of DC motor that can be used in solar- e- bike

 Permanent Magnet Motors

DIAGRAM 1

1. The permanent magnet motor uses a magnet to supply field flux. Permanent magnet
DC motors have excellent starting torque capability with good speed regulation.

2. A disadvantage of permanent magnet DC motors is they are limited to the amount of

load they can drive.

3. These motors can be found on low horsepower applications.

4. Another disadvantage is that torque is usually limited to 150% of rated torque to

prevent demagnetization of the permanent magnets.

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  SERIES MOTORS

DIAGRAM 2

1. In a series DC motor, the field is connected in series with the armature.

2. The field is wound with a few turns of large wire because it must carry the full
armature current.

3. A characteristic of series motors is the motor develops a large amount of starting

torque However, speed varies widely between no load and full load. Series motors cannot be
used where a constant speed is required under varying loads.

 . Shunt Motors

FIGURE 3

1. In a shunt motor the field is connected in parallel (shunt) with the armature
windings.

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2. The shunt-connected motor offers good speed regulation.

3. The field winding can be separately excited or connected to the same source as the
armature.

. Compound Motors

FIGURE 4

1. The compound motor is compound of series and shunt motor resulting in a motor
capable of taking positives out of both types of motors. For example, a shunt motor
operates at a constant speed, so it is not suitable for the applications with variable
speed requirements.

2. Compound motor characteristics depend upon type whether it is cumulatively

compound or differential compound. Characteristic of the compound motor is the
combination of both series dc and shunt dc motor.

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 C. BATTERY

FIGURE 5

 Solar battery chargers are an inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and convenient

way to make sure your batteries are always fully charged and ready to go all the time.

 The problem with charging a battery from a solar panel is the SUN. It does not shine
all the time and clouds get in the way. Our eyes adjust to the variations in the strength
of the sun but a solar panel behaves differently.

 As soon as the sun loses its intensity, the output from a solar panel drops enormously.
Not only does the output current fall, but the output voltage also decreases
.
 Many of the solar panels drop to below the 13.6v needed to charge a 12v battery and
as soon as this occurs, the charging current drops to ZERO. This means they become
useless as soon as the brightness of the sun goes away.

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 D. CYCLE

FIGURE 6

 A normal gearless cycle is required to generate the power; it is being used as a prime
mover, and also as the means of transportation.

 The cycle can be motored at a speed of 15kmph using the 200W motor alone, and if
pedal power is also supplied, then the load on the motor decreases, and hence the
speed or the discharge time can be increased.

 To overcome these problems, an effort is being made to search some other alternative
sources of energy for the vehicles.

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 FIGURE 7

 The solar panels also charge the battery through the charge controller whenever
sufficient light intensity falls on it. This action can happen when the cycle is parked
under direct sunlight. The charge controller is used to regulate the output of the panel
which keeps varying, so that the battery is charged uniformly by the panel, until full-
charge.

 The solar assisted bicycle is driven by DC motor fitted in front axle housing &
operated by solar energy. The solar panel mounted on the carriage is charge the
battery & which in turn drive the hub motor. When the bicycle is idle during the day,
the solar panel will charge the battery. The system will make bicycle operate more
efficiently.

 The basic configuration of a solar bicycle drive consists of a controller that controls
the power flow from the battery to the electric motor. This power flow acts in parallel
with the power delivered by the rider via the pedal of the bike

 The rider of a solar bicycle can choose to rely on the motor completely, pedal and use
the motor at the same time or pedal only.

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 DIAGRAM 8

 Block Diagram of the solar and pedal powered bicycle

 It is essential to regulate the voltage output from the solar panel before it is supplied
to the battery.

 A voltage regulator is a power converter with an output DC voltage greater than the
input DC voltage.

 This is used to regulate an input voltage to a higher regulated voltage. The output of
the solar panel is not always be stable due to fluctuations in intensity of sunlight,
angular changes with respect to the direction of sunlight, as well as other
environmental factors.

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STAGES OF INNOVATION

4 stages of innovation

1. Idea Generation(Basic research and conception)

Figure 10

Is it possible to make a solar-powered electric bike? Yes.

Is it easy and practical? That's the question we set out to answer.

 There are many types of bicycle in the world such as normal bicycle that people need
to paddle for it to move, motorized bicycle that uses fuel as its prime power and
electric bicycle that can only be sufficient for an hour.

 Because of some weaknesses in the existence system, the idea of a solar bicycle came
in mind.

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  The idea is to make the bicycle last longer and can be automatically recharge when
the bicycle is not in use by the renewable solar energy.

 The concept of the solar energy is that a high torque motor will be put on the bicycle
which will be generated by the solar energy.

 The solar energy will be absorbed by the portable solar panel to generate the power.
The power that had been absorbed by the panel can be used directly by the motor if
the power matches the power requirement. If not, the motor will use the power from a
battery.

 When the bicycle was not in use during the day, the solar panel will charge the
battery. The system will make bicycle operate more efficiently.

 The most important thing before starting the project we must clearly understand about
the topic that we want to do.

 So, by doing the literature review we can gain knowledge to make sure we fully
understand and can complete the project.

 The basic configuration of an electric bicycle drive consists of a controller that

controls the power flow from the battery to the electric motor.

 This power flow acts in parallel with the power delivered by the rider via the pedal of
the bike. 32

 The rider of an E-bike can choose to rely on the motor completely, pedal and use the
motor at the same time or pedal only (use as a conventional bicycle)

Should you make a solar electric bike?

 This was a fun experiment, but the cost will not be worth it to most people.
Better to just bring your charger with you everywhere and find a friendly cafe
that will let you plug in for a java break.

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 If there were a way to plug the panel directly into the bike battery, it would
eliminate most of the weight and cost.

2. Project Selection (The decision to invest)

FIGURE 11

 Central part of the project selection process is evaluation and prioritization of

identified projects.

 There are a couple of methods available:

 These methods require a certain minimum level of "planning" for each one of the
projects to be evaluated.

 We need to know Overall risk values of the projects to be evaluated.

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What is the first step to selection?
 So, projects in different areas will compete with each other in order to get support of
the organization in terms of staffing and funding.

 The generic process of project selection looks as follows. The first step of this
process, identification, requires a clearly defined and communicated strategy.

How do you calculate project selection?

 Score each project against criteria 1 and record the scores in the Project Selection
Spreadsheet. For each project idea, multiply the criteria score and the weighting to
give the weighted score. Record the weighted scores in the Project Selection
Spreadsheet.

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RESULT AND FINDINGS

DIAGRAM 7
 The above table shows segmentation on the basis of age,income,
speed,pricesensitivity, health, passion and eco- consciousness.

 The age factor also plays an important role in the daily market cycle.

 With the specification and looks given to the bicycle it tilts more to the youth of a
country.

 But the question arises, is it affordable for them? The answer would be simple yes.

 Solar powered bicycles will not be priced high so any one who desires to buy one
should be able to own it.

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  For the business class, the solar bicycle will give them a comfortable and safe ride to
the destination.

PEST ANALYSIS

Political analysis
 The bicycle manufacturing industry includes a political/ legal aspect.

 From a global standpoint, there have been political disagreements and legislative
measures regarding the monopoly of bicycle products and technologies.

 Tax policies, trade regulation, political influence and some of the rules and
regulations of the government policies which are considered as political analysis.

 Ecological/ environmental issues.

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  Government schemes in favor of cyclist.

Economic analysis
 One of the microeconomic perspectives, technology to support the progress of their
business.

 They have taken advantages of modern technologies irrespective of the opposed

rivals.

 Few argue economic benefits being provided by top quality bicycles and technologies.

 There is an emerging uncertainty concerning the dipropionateaccess to bicycles

amongstvarious nations of the globe.

 Economic growth, exchange rate and inflation rate.Home economy going into
recession.

 Indian jobs and spending capacity.

Socio- cultural
 Bicycles and its technologies are having an important role in social relationships.

 Over the past few years, the emergence of social networking websites that are
marketing bicycles and technologies have grown incredibly

 These websites allow the bicycle enthusiasts to communicate with each other as well
as post images, happenings and profiles for other individuals to check.
 Popularity, subculture, mobility, safety. Change in consumer lifestyle. Good company
image.

35
Trends
 High quality yet affordable bicycles and technologies are still giant bicycles.

 Largest profit generators, but due to the development of in the bicycle manufacturing
industry, this is now developing
.
 Bicycles are not about all basic travelling machines anymore but now more about
being creative.

 What is innovative technology today may not be tomorrow

 Other companies can provide by producing the technology for a considerably low
price

36
 SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGTHS

 High oil prices, people seeking alternative transport which are environmentally
friendly.

 Government schemes encouraging customersto buy eco- friendly bikes.

 Innovative technology used, helps to attract large audiences.

Less R&D cost (hardly any model changes). Outsourcing some of the raw materials. Increase
in adventure sports activities.

OPPERTUNITIES

 Expansion in other foreign markets where local made bicycles are expensive.

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 Government funding for future products as it is an eco- friendly product.

 Multiple diversifications in this market.

 Higher scope of development as this market has a higher potential to grow.

 Increasing demand for future eco- friendly motor driven bicycles.

WEAKNESSES
 Future aspects of growing competition.

 Solar powered bicycles are unique in itself and can easily copied by competitors.

 Not benefiting from labor costs.

 Lack of high speed.

THREATS
 Not being able to meet the demand over some period of time.

 Mass import of eco-friendly bicycles .

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 FUTURE ASPECTS
 The increasing mobility has directly led to deteriorating traffic conditions, extra fuel
consumption, increasing automobile exhaust emissions, air pollution and lowering
quality of life.

 Apart from being clean, cheap and equitable mode of transport for short-distance
journeys, cycling can potentially offer solutions to the problem of urban mobility.

 Many cities have tried promoting cycling particularly through the implementation of
bike-sharing. Apparently the fourth-generationbike sharing system has been promoted
utilizing electric bicycles which considered as a clean technology implementation.

 Utilization of solar power is probably the development keys in the fourth-

generationbike sharing system and will become the standard in bike sharing system in
the future. Electric bikes use batteries as a source of energy;thus, they require a
battery charger system which powered from the solar cells energy.

 This research aims to design and implement electric bicycle battery charging system
with solar energy sources using fuzzy logic algorithm. It is necessary to develop an
electric bicycle battery charging system with solar energy sources using fuzzy logic
algorithm. The study was conducted by means of experimental method which
includes the design, manufacture and testing controller systems.

 Use of flexible solar panels can be very useful in the coming future for these kinds of
bicycles.
 If the solar panels are fitted and fixed into the rim of the bicycle then it will make this
project much lighter and faster due to its balanced approach.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

 DESIGNING A COST-EFFICIENT RENEWABLE ENERGY POWERED BICYCLE by: AmanDhankhar

 Solar and Dynamo Bike- by,YashasS, Tilak Kumar N, Yash Jinda, Vishwas Gowda B R

 Fabrication of solar bicycles by Sunil Kumar Sumit Shahi Aviral Sharma Bhuvnesh Varshney Ankur
Rajput Vipin Shahi Kushagra Srivastava

 Beck, M. et al. (2019), “voltaic? Optimization of orientation and harvest”, Fraunhofer

Institute for Solar Energy Systems (ISE), ResearchGate,
https://doi.org/10.4229/27thEUPVSEC2012-5AV.2.25.

 GOGLA and Vivid Economics (2018), Employment Opportunities in an Evolving Market,

Utrecht.

 IEA (2018a), Renewables 2018 – Analysis and forecasts to 2023, Organization for Economic
Co-operation and Development/International Energy Agency, Paris.

 IEA (2018b), World Energy Investments 2018, International Energy Agency (IEA), Paris.

 IRENA (2019f), Renewable power generation costs in 2018, International Renewable Energy
Agency, Abu Dhabi.

 JRC (2014), PV status report 2014, European Commission, DG Joint Research Centre, Sipra,
Italy.

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 REFERENCES

 This mini project revenue and business idea thought by myself.

 The table of content, certificate and student declaration form are
taken fromthe Mini Project Guideline. 
 The pictures used into the project has taken from google. 
 The technical feasibility, financial feasibility and managerial
feasibility hastaken some sources from google.
 www.google.com.

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