PIT

By Gary Wilkes
BULLS
Old Photographs courtesy of Wilkes Family.
I
n December of 2008, Tina Anger-
son was sentenced to nine months
in prison. Her jail time was the re-
sult of a simple misunderstanding – two
Omaha, Nebraska mothers thought they
could pull their infants down the street in
a red wagon. Duke, Tina’s American Pit
Bull Terrier (APBT) didn’t think so. He
decided to do something about it. More
specifically, Duke grabbed 15-month-old
Charlotte Blevins by the head and jerked
her out of the wagon. He then proceeded
to rip off about 1/3 of her scalp.

It is commonly claimed that Pit Bulls only attack The prominence of dog fighting in that time and
people if they aren’t properly trained. They are often place isn’t hard to understand. Many poor southern men,
portrayed as sweet, loving dogs that can be trusted with like my grandfather, made or lost extra money gambling
children. This isn’t just the opinion of Pit Bull owners, on virtually anything -- horse races, cards, cock fights
the United Kennel Club breed standard says so. “APBTs and dog fighting. It had been a part of their culture since
make excellent family companions and have always English, Irish and Scottish immigrants migrated south in
been noted for their love of children.” Additionally, ac- the 18th century. Other than horse races, genteel South-
cording to lovers of the breed, Pit Bulls have a very slow ern society disapproved of these sports and anyone
fuse and you really have to go out of your way to pro- connected with them. My grandfather wasn’t genteel. My
voke one. It is also suggested that they are no more vio- grandmother was. Her high-class sensibilities caused
lent than other breeds such as Rottweilers – a breed that her to initially oppose his dog fighting. As might be ex-
also has a reputation for doing great damage to people. pected, the loveable, affectionate nature of the dogs led
Therefore, Pit Bulls should not be regulated based on my grandmother to a reluctant acceptance and even a
their breed type. You’ll have to excuse me for spitting up great love of their second source of income. That came
my milk, but all of those arguments are hogwash. to a halt in the late 1920’s.
If you automatically think I am strongly opposed to One night, an old drunk tried to cut across the
Pit Bulls, you’d be wrong. I have trained many of them. Wilkes’ backyard in Petal, Mississippi. The drunk tripped
They loved me. I loved them. My comments merely re- over a chain – a small thing – and lost a leg to Caesar,
flect that I’m adamantly opposed to hogwash and infants my grandfather’s favorite pit dog. The old man was a love-
having their scalps ripped off. able drunk who never harmed anyone. Losing a leg in
To understand my opinion of the breed, it helps to 1928 Mississippi was no small thing. The community was
know that I have a special attachment to them – it’s in outraged. A week later, the dogs were gone, for good.
my blood. My grandfather was a railroad station-master No ordinance banned them from the community –
in Mississippi in the 1920’s. On the side, he bred and public outrage and my grandmother’s common sense
fought Pit Bulls all across the south. His job allowed him were the active agents of change. What if one of her
to travel extensively from Georgia to Louisiana and most children tripped over the same chain, some dark night?
points in between, fighting his dogs for side-money. Apparently, 90 years later, America is no better able
Wilkes family albums include fighting dogs in to solve this problem than small-town Mississippi. We
almost every picture. Six days a week, they played with seem to have the same public outrage at incidents like
kids, went on vacations and were an integral part of Charlotte Bevins’ attack, but may be lacking my grand-
family life. They also put up with the typical abuse that mother’s common sense.
children heap on dogs and were praised for their ability
to be poked, prodded and fallen upon without any reac- A History of Violence:
tion. They were the model of bonded, loving, friendly, The reality is that from the beginning of the breed it was
affectionate family dogs. On the seventh day, they fought steeped in terrible violence. The ancient Roman blood-
like demons. sports of bull baiting, bear baiting and dog fighting were
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 Born to Fight: cally the two main experts on the
To develop a fighting topic of Pit Bull nature vs. nurture --
dog required selec- the United Kennel Club and the dog
tive breeding for fighters, themselves.
specific physical and The United Kennel Club (UKC)
behavioral traits. is the largest purebred dog registry
The dogs had for American Pit Bull Terriers. They
to be physically not only register purebred dogs, they
strong, insensitive also organize dog shows, and a va-
to pain, able to riety of other dog competitions. The
instantly attack primary purpose of registering dogs
without threats is to track their breeding with the
or prepara- intent of improving the health and
tion and to temperament of the various breeds.
be indiscrimi- The UKC firmly stands on
nate about the target. the belief that purebred dogs are
Since the handlers were normally the result of physical and behav-
in the pit with the dogs, Pit Bulls had ioral traits created through careful,
still popular in 19th to allow a human to grab them from selective breeding. The name of
Century England. Growing cul- behind and pull them back from the their magazine, Bloodlines, reflects
tural revulsion over the violence fight at any time. This behavior is this belief. They also promote the
and brutality associated with animal regularly taught to modern fighting concept that a dog’s temperament
fighting led to a concerted effort dogs, from infancy. The dogs also is predictable based on its breed
to stop them. In 1835 the English needed to be friendly and affection- type. They provide breed profiles that
Parliament banned them all. Once ate with the handlers and not chal- include specific statements about a
these sports were banned, bear and lenge their authority. This spawned breed’s typical behavior. Along with
bull baiting disappeared rapidly and their generally friendly disposition the above quote about Pit Bulls and
dog fighting unexpectedly soared in with family and friends. This cordial children, their standard for the breed
popularity. That’s because bull and nature makes it easy to believe that !"#$%#&'()"#)#'*$)+,-'
bear baiting are big, outdoor events they are not naturally aggressive and
that can’t be hidden. Dog fighting that some special effort is needed to Help your clients with
could be conducted in a barn, stable get them to explode. problem urination,
or back-alley, at the drop of a hat.
Easily concealed, the only practical “It’s all about how you house training,
way to find a dog fight was by invita- train them.” destruction, aggression
tion. This made it virtually impossible The knee-jerk response to and more!
to stop. serious Pit Bull attacks invariably fo-
Once dog fighting was the cuses, not on their roots, but on their
sport du jour, several breeds were training. Either the dog was improp-
adapted to the pit. Bull Terriers and erly trained, trained to be aggressive
Staffordshire Bull Terriers were or not trained at all. This is meant to
undoubtedly among the first com- persuade the listener that the devil is
monly used breeds. Pit Bulls were in each dog’s private history and not
either developed at the same time their blood. This leads to the asser-
or already existed in the form of a tion that you can’t blame their genes
dog called the “Pit and Bull Terrier”. for their violent behavior. If you can’t
That dog was, as the name implies, blame their genes, you can’t fairly
a switch hitter – tough enough to ban the breed.
fight a bull or another dog in a pit. By this reasoning, the way to
The modern name of Pit Bull refers end the attacks is to manage how L1245

to the dogs’ direct ancestors. Over they are trained, not by banning the
time, Bull Terriers and Staffordshire breed. You might be convinced that A collection of more than 60 articles
Bull Terriers faded from the dog this is perfectly logical, as stated. about dog and cat behavior from Gary’s
award winning articles told in an engag-
fighting pits. The most logical as- The problem is that it completely ing, simple and easy-to-read fashion.
sumption is that they simply couldn’t contradicts the views of the people 237 pages - $16.95
compete with their appropriately who know these dogs best. The
named cousin. elephant in the living room is ironi- www.clickandtreat.com

!# -$$,.'(),/,012+(&,3'4(52#6,7,8#&",99,:)",9,7,;<621=,>?9?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, , , , , , , , , , ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,!!!"#$$%&'()"*#+
includes the following sentence:
The America Pit Bull Terrier is not
the best choice for a guard dog
since they are extremely friendly,
even with strangers. Aggressive
behavior toward humans is unchar-
acteristic of the breed and highly
undesirable.
If you read this temperament
standard you would assume that
American Pit Bull Terriers can’t
possibly be the devil dogs everyone
claims. You would also be confused
by the word “pit” included in their
name. The UKC does not mention
the word “pit” in their history of the
breed or make any reference to dog
fighting. This would be like describ-
ing Australian Shepherds without
mentioning that the word “shepherd” one who can kill other things at the see what he does. He’ll point. He
refers to their job of herding sheep. drop of a hat with no thought to its doesn’t need training, encourage-
Failing to connect Pit Bulls with hun- own survival. ment or coercion to cause him to
dreds of years of dog fighting seems For hundreds of years, men point. His genes have passed along
disingenuous. like my grandfather strived to cre- a specific behavior - if you smell a
The UKC breed histories of ate “gameness.” If you asked them, bird, freeze. Pointers who possess
Bull Terriers and Staffordshire Bull they’d tell you their particular blood- this innate reaction sell for very
Terriers include historical references line was “dead game” and they high prices. Try telling a hunter that
to dog fighting. Neither breed has charged a pretty penny for every pup he paid $10,000 for a finished field
been connected with dog fighting they sold, based on that promise. Pointer that had to be taught to point.
for more than 100 years. Why try to They weren’t breeding for intelligent He’ll laugh at you. He paid a pre-
hide the Pit Bull’s “bloodlines?” Crit- dogs that could learn to be game – mium for a pedigree that assured his
ics of the UKC allege if you cross- they didn’t believe it could be taught. dog’s potential for excellence.
reference their breed registries with They believed it was all in the blood. If you need another example,
dog fighting stud books, many of the consider the Australian Cattle Dog
names are the same. By distancing Breed Type and Behavior: – AKA Blue Heeler or Queensland
the history of Pit Bulls from the pits, What are the odds? Heeler. The name “heeler” describes
it allows one to believe that fighting If we ignore the expert opinions the instinctive tendency of this breed
dogs are the result of training, not of kennel clubs and breeders, we to bite the heels of the animals they
genes. It also absolves the UKC of can still test the theory that Pit Bulls herd. This trait was created when
any responsibility for dog fighting. In have to be trained to be aggressive. Scotch Collies were mixed with Din-
this case, the failure of the UKC to All we have to do is look at other be- gos in the late 1850’s. By 1900, the
link Pit Bulls and their true “blood- haviorally selected breeds. Consider genetic behavior pattern was firmly
lines” appears to be the clearest link the English Pointer. An adult Pointer established.
of all. is supposed to run, lickety-split, back Now, virtually every Heeler
The other group with great ex- and forth across a field until it smells heels, instinctively. If you tell an
pertise about Pit Bulls is the breed- the scent of a bird. Once it senses Aussie drover that his dog had to
ers of fighting dogs, themselves. the bird, it is supposed to stop, in- be taught to heel. He’ll laugh at you,
Their “breed of obsession” is not the stantly, and hold the “point” until the too, mate. Like his Pointer counter-
biggest, strongest or fastest dog on hunter gives a signal. Some of the part, the Heeler displays a trait that
the planet. Mere physical prowess is sequence is trained – the pointing is transmitted genetically. It requires
not sufficient to make a good pit dog. is not. (Related dogs display spe- no training or encouragement. To
Dog fighting requires an addi- cific variations of pointing that run assert that Pit Bulls are only ag-
tional trait that is more than the sum through their bloodlines.) gressive if you train them to attack,
of their physical attributes – they To test this, take a Pointer contradicts the existence of every
also need to be “game” – a pit fight- whose parents are good hunting other behavior-specific breed on
ing adjective meaning tenacious, dogs. Raise him for a year without the planet. According to them, my
ferocious and deadly. A game dog is ever letting him see a bird. Now put Heeler would be just as good in a
him in a field full of pheasants and !"#$%#&'()"#)#'*$)+,-'

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 dog fight as their Pit Bull and their After a Pit Bull seriously attacks chasing, the Sun-Times reports. After
Pit Bull would be able to bite the someone, the owners invariably the shot, the dog let go of the girl’s
planted heel of a cow, just like my claim they never encouraged their leg, but went after another child im-
Heeler. My Heeler, Tuggy, laughs at dog to be aggressive. They state that mediately afterward. The officer then
that. Pit fighters would belly laugh. the attack was unexpected, unan- fired several shots killing the dog.
ticipated and took them by surprise. The pit bull had been chasing
Who Trains These Dogs? Their famous last words are, “He’s three girls, aged 7, 11 and 15, a boy,
The next problem with the never done that before.” That is often aged 9, and a 27-year-old woman.
“training” defense is that 99% of pet true and tragically irrelevant. All were treated at Jackson Park
owners can’t or don’t teach their Hospital and released.”
dogs to “come” reliably or virtually Blame the Victim: These stories are all too easy
any other behavior. Conversely, the Another common defense to find. Google the phrase “cop
same number can’t or don’t teach of the breed is that somehow the shoots Pit Bull” and you find them,
their dogs inhibitions of any kind. victims provoked a perfectly friendly all over the country. (You can also
The common Pit Bull owner can’t animal to attack. The claim sounds Google “Pit Bull kills _____” and fill
stop his dog from jumping on guests plausible. Any dog is capable of in the blank with child, woman, girl,
or chewing shoes, let alone “don’t biting if the circumstances are right. burglar or any number of descrip-
rip the scalp off the baby.” Even if Many dogs are capable of aggres- tions and get plenty of hits.) If you
foolish owners wanted to teach their sion if threatened or attacked. A cur- read them closely, you come to
dogs to attack, the odds that only sory search on the internet shows some interesting conclusions about
pit bull owners succeed with consis- the following provocations for recent the dogs.
tency defies the broader numbers. Pit Bull attacks… Apparently, provocation means
Nationally, the odds that a Pit The Chicago Tribune reported walking to summer school, pulling
Bull will bite you are slim – there on June 30, 2009, “Aurora police your infant in a wagon or walking on
aren’t that many of them compared were forced to shoot a pit bull terrier the street. As I write this story, an AP
to other breeds. However, if you are six times after it attacked a 13-year- news report from San Bernardino,
killed by a dog, the likelihood that old girl, who was walking to summer California, reports the death of a
it was a Pit Bull is high. Over the school, and then tried to lunge at three-year-old at the jaws of his fam-
last three years, of the 88 fatal dog police officers, officials said today.” ily’s Pit Bull. The family called 911.
attacks in the US, 59% were com- Then fast forward, six months… When firefighters and paramedics
mitted by Pit Bulls or dogs described “The 49-year-old man was arrived, the dog attacked them. A
as Pit Bull types, even though they walking in the 6000 block of South police officer shot the dog. If you’d
comprise less than 5% of the total Vernon Avenue when a dog – possi- asked the family a week ago, they’d
dog population. bly a pit bull or pit bull mix – jumped probably have told you how good the
One has to wonder where all on him, according to a Grand Cross- dog was with the child he killed.
these dogs were trained, if training is ing District police lieutenant. Two
required to create a killer Pit Bull. Ac- police officers on patrol saw the
cording to their owners, they weren’t dog knock the man What to do about it:
trained at all. to the ground and If you think I’ve laid out a
attack him in the left biased case against Pit Bulls, you’re
eye and forehead right. Besides being the descendent
area, the lieuten- of a pit fighter, I spent eight years
ant said. ‘He was working in shelters and animal con-
attacking his head,’ trol agencies. For three years of that
the lieutenant said time I routinely caught, impounded
of the dog.” On and attempted to control Pit Bulls
the next day… as a field officer. I once investigated
“The officer an attack on a three-year-old by a
gunned down family’s pit bull. The child’s face was
the pooch in ripped from the corner of her mouth
the South Side to her eye. The provocation was that
Grand Crossing the child walked too close to the
neighborhood at dog’s chew bone.
about 1:40 p.m. For the last 25 years I have
when he saw trained and rehabilitated Pit Bulls as
the dog latch a regular part of my business. I have
on to the leg found them to be bright, affectionate
of a girl it was !"#$%#&'()"#)#'*$)+,-'

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 kill you on a good day. The same follow the lead of Council Bluffs,
is true for German Shepherds, Iowa, the neighboring city to Omaha.
Rottweilers, Cane Corsos, Presa In 2005, Council Bluffs, en-
Canarios and a few other breeds. If acted a ban on Pit Bulls. In the year
the goal of a community is to protect prior to the ban, 2004, there were
people from dog attacks, merely 29 attacks by Pit Bulls. In 2005, the
outlawing Pit Bulls isn’t going to fix number dropped to 12, in 2006, six
the problem. attacks, in 2007, two attacks and in
When the English attempted 2008, zero attacks.
to outlaw animal fighting in general, Contrary to the popular concept
they inadvertently increased the that breed specific legislation doesn’t
popularity of dog fighting, in specific. work, there are many examples
Similarly, in Arizona, a law banning across the US and Canada where
cock fighting caused some cock serious dog bites and fatalities have
fighters to switch to dog fighting. dramatically decreased because of
Modern dog fighters in the laws focusing on just a few breeds of
Southwest are often heavily armed dogs. Websites such as dogbites.org
and also involved in the highly catalog and cite both research stud-
violent drug trade. They hold their ies and analysis of efforts to solve
“conventions” in distant parts of the problem of serious dog bites
the desert. Just as in England, 175 against people.
years ago, the only way to find a The most effective laws in-
modern dog fight is to get invited clude restrictions on a few selective
– and they aren’t inviting people breeds, requirements for owners to
they don’t know. They are heavily carry liability insurance coverage
armed and Sheriff’s deputies are not and harsh penalties for the slight-
welcome, neither are undercover est infractions of existing dog laws.
and loving. I’ve also seen what they humane investigators. Another wrinkle includes preventing
can do to other dogs, livestock and Not coincidentally, at the county the adoption of fertile Pit Bulls from
people. It’s not pretty. It isn’t sup- pound in Phoenix, Arizona, the Pit local animal shelters. Outright bans
posed to be. They were bred to do Bull population rarely dip below 25%. of Pit Bull adoptions rarely work
one thing – attack with no reserva- They even have special “free spay because people simply stop taking
tions. Like a hand grenade, they are or neuter” enticements to get people them to shelters for fear they will be
inert until you pull the pin. Once the to adopt them. The conclusion is automatically destroyed.
pin is pulled, there is nothing you simple and unfortunate – an attempt The outcome of enforcing
can do to stop the explosion. to ban animal cruelty didn’t solve the these strategies leads to a simple
To quote Dale Dunning, former bigger problem, much as the ban on conclusion. If a community wishes
executive director of the Arizona bull and bear baiting increased dog to dramatically decrease vicious dog
Humane Society, they differ from fighting. attacks, it can be done. The real is-
grenades in one very important The truth is that haphazard sue is whether a city council is more
aspect – the dog controls the pin. efforts to ban animal cruelty are concerned about the safety of the
That fact neutralizes all the acknowl- unlikely to have a beneficial effect. community or wishes to yield to a
edged true accounts of their sweet, The public outrage that ended my supposed right to own breeds known
loving, affectionate nature. It means grandfather’s dog fighting career to be more dangerous than others.
that your child will probably be im- didn’t end dog fighting in the deep In the minds of many admin-
mune to your Pit Bull’s aggression, South. The Law of Unexpected Con- istrators and politicians, facing an
just like my father, his brothers and sequences is alive and well in the angry dog advocate is less terrifying
sisters and their cousin Roscoe. The anti-Pit Bull movement. Unless you than looking into the face of a griev-
problem starts when a neighbor kid write the laws correctly and know ing mother – as it should be.
socks Roscoe in the nose. What what you are trying to achieve, you As municipalities have moved
will your Pit Bull do if he thinks he’s may simply drive the sport deeper to restrict dangerous breeds, the go-
protecting “his” child? What happens underground or you may make mat- ing hasn’t been smooth. The back-
when someone trips over your dog’s ters worse. lash caused by breed specific leg-
metaphoric chain? islation is understandable. It is easy
When it works: for dog lovers to think that banning
A Touch of Balance: As a result of Charlotte Bevins a specific breed is a bad thing. They
To be fair, many other dogs attack, a number of cities have cre- hate to imagine that anyone should
seriously attack people. An Akita can ated breed-specific legislation. Many !"#$%#&'()"#)#'*$)+,-'

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 be prevented from owning the dog of working with dogs, including eight
their choice – and are often unwit- years of shelter work. Gary Wilkes
ting allies of the people who breed is responsible for the innovation
dogs to kill for sport. and development of clicker train-
Ironically, the majority of people ing as a practical methodology for
who feel intense disgust over dog dogs and with his former colleague,
fighting feel sympathy for those who Karen Pryor, introduced this method
wish to protect Pit Bulls – the only to the world in 1992. His knowl-
breed used for dog fighting. They edge is founded on his experience
are often deluded by reports that Pit clicker training thousands of dogs
Bulls are affectionate, gentle family by veterinary referral and includes
dogs who especially love children. teaching the first clicker training
Who would want to limit ownership classes, correcting serious aggres-
of sweet, loving dogs? This per- sion, training animals with physical
spective fails to recognize the big and neurological disabilities, creat-
picture. The issue is not whether Pit ing training protocols for search and
Bulls can be friendly, family pets or rescue, assistance and therapy dogs
even how many of them live their and consulting with MIT on artificial
lives without ever biting a soul. My intelligence projects. He currently
grandparents owned many dogs that has a full-time, veterinary referral-
were perfect pets, six days a week, based behavior practice in Phoenix,
for many years. It’s that seventh day Arizona, and is a columnist and
that bothers me and should cause feature writer for Off-Lead & Animal
dog lovers to look to their brains and Behavior, and behavior columnist for
not their hearts. Groomer to Groomer magazines.

What will be, will be:

No other breed in America is
currently bred for fighting, in such
great numbers as the American
Pit Bull Terrier. No other breed has
instinctive behaviors that are so
consistently catastrophic when they
First Aid
occur, regardless of how rarely they
happen. The reality is that every
For Pet Pros
English Pointer has the ability to
featuring
point a bird. Every Cattle Dog has
the ability to bite the heel of a cow Dr. Boyd Harrell
and every Beagle has the ability to 4
make an obnoxious bugling noise Hours!
when it scents a rabbit or sees a cat
walking on the back fence. Realisti-
cally, if your English Pointer sud-
denly and unpredictably points at a
bird in the park, nobody cares. If my
Heeler nips your ankle, I’m going to
take care of your injuries and prob-
ably be fined for the incident. If your
Beagle bugles too much, you’ll get a
ticket for a noise violation. If your Pit You will learn about first response care
for everything from allergic reactions
Bull does what it’s bred to do...well, to trauma, from treating a minor
you fill in the blank. cut to helping a canine patient
in congestive heart failure.

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