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Chapter 5

The document discusses various techniques for digital image enhancement, including point operations like contrast stretching and thresholding, neighborhood operations like smoothing and sharpening filters, and frequency domain filtering. It covers tools for assessing image quality like histograms and metrics. Examples are provided to demonstrate different enhancement methods.

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Ankur Das
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31 views69 pages

Chapter 5

The document discusses various techniques for digital image enhancement, including point operations like contrast stretching and thresholding, neighborhood operations like smoothing and sharpening filters, and frequency domain filtering. It covers tools for assessing image quality like histograms and metrics. Examples are provided to demonstrate different enhancement methods.

Uploaded by

Ankur Das
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Image

Processing
2nd Edition
S. Sridhar

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.


Chapter 5
Image Enhancement

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.


NEED FOR ENHANCEMENT

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.


Differences

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Image Quality Factors

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.


Contrast

Contrast Refers to Finer details of Image

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.


Contrast
Methods for Computing contrast of an Image

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.


Contrast Manipulation

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.


Brightness

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Image Quality Assessment tool
Histograms as assessment tool

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.


© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.
Advantages of Histogram

© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.


Dynamic Range

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Histogram assessment

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Image Quality Metrics

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Image Quality Metrics

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Example

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Image Enhancement

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Types of Point Transforms

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Point Operations - Inversion

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Non Linear Equations
• Square
• Square root
• Logarithm
• Power

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Square

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Square root

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Log Function

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Exponential Function

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Power Function

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Gamma Correction

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Contrast Stretching

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Contrast Stretching

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Range Normalization

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Example Problem

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Clipping & Thresholding

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Multiple Thresholding

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Intensity Slicing – Example Problem

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© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.
Bitplane Slicing

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Histogram Stretching

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Histogram Stretching

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Histogram Sliding

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Histogram Equalization

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Example

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Histogram Specification

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Neighborhood Operations

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Spatial Filtering Techniques

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© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.
Image Smoothing Filter

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© Oxford University Press 2016. All rights reserved.
Variable Weights

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Gaussian Filters

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Directional Smoothing

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Conservative smoothing

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Sharpening Filters

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High-Boost Filter

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Unsharp Masking

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Examples of Unsharp masking

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Frequency Domain Filtering

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Image Smoothing – Frequency Domain
– 1D.

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2D Case

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Butterworth Filter

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Butterworth Low pass Filter

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Gaussian Low pass Filter

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High Pass Filter

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Butterworth High Pass Filter

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High-pass Gaussian Filter

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High Frequency Emphasis Filter

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Band-Pass filter

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Homomorphic Filtering

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Homomorphic Filtering

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Summary

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