Mw Aposve R STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS B 5 bobaadgggs naira REEER EE EE \- ENERGY METHOD TEN STRUCTURAL ANALYsis a balE ace jo. enalvatbe +e exlema| shesses him oft share urect Analysts is Reachens, the defomed shape an ‘internal tin the Shuctwe i Pan te Applicable @bere 1) Fraapie af Superposition ¥> Ape ) enisha lincoty Relakenskp bet? Aisplacned!S external foes and ashuchiral Dfsplacereots * _Not veh for elisst chin) Rel? i's N when geo moby OF ehuctre. chagges ow date ments: RAP a given pr ine ctriche , padace, by Several loads aching Smuthenesly (Wee fiana Superbosing daslecteas) at Me! Same point paduced by loads actay ndividually Methods fr hadings th defections of beams 4 frames: a) slwan Energy | Real wore wmerhod b) Vietuas ome umb load method ec) Cashglionols Method lon hnear , Also to toading on the epucture Can < fiom lato OF Consenation ed Enea ahoan Enerdy Cu) = Real Were dove by lords UZ dba avishsal WI) ahh 2 DOK, Dene. 4y Real face Sva-to petehical Qisplacen eqs @) Mme Were doe by Wy Pothed co ‘forces Quinny Regal Stspl acenente Scanned with CamScanner*Bonailis pina ple ofvirtel dod) 4111 | otf a dgid bedy fs in Eq Se tre system lot lore, \@ Momegts , the Virtual woredare by this ystom OF faces. Outing Virtdl Sisplacener} if Rs zen. 4 panple of Vigheal wen fy deformable belies nPfa deformable body fs in By” undera system of foes PS Ziven vistual Deformation | ton viral worden by system of fous fs equd| the ‘intema| @ Vistral WaKdone by the ctrestes Due te treat system of, ees » eD te Al case! of deformation, ce vakd fe Hloche | matefal, Date te Syston ®s ge hneay Non-hinee duppace sydem fs supjetes 2 foe Pi, Pa, fa Graal) Iisplaaents under 100 2A), Ay saga, TM TEstemal wor dene = 1 pay +t Poder Prd 5 y re an seo Enesy bred = fe L pe dv p- Boe entrain || ooo la cheatin Peg Shea. > Py PPOERE eee cci- berdin senna Due fe erat ee oa hn ipod du to umt Wad 5 . ‘Penarod Rani diy (DN | a Scanned with CamScanner& Strain strain Eneroy Metnodg 107 ss afofealy Detewminate slauchwe may be ana\ysed by phnaple od ecet Wore x) wecord \tnm of cactigliones a Enevay loved De to Axia! long /ge loading Ca) Shoe 72 4ee 25 ae (by Stren Energy clove Qua te Bending ue (MP cada} oi peL ce) Shrodn Emery fared Ove 4 shear’ z x av 2o } - (a) shen Grengy Svat Torsion! U = (ae | eae at \ ) shan iis 2) cbud jatem OF shear force shas ASH chs Aye BGAS Trane = Mart senshi at +he Surface | i suet: cher Ses | (a) Enersy coed in hollow ciecular o- Y BT) (ays pee * Scanned with CamScanner RRR RRR RRCCERUSUUUSUUCECECECCeCecee cece’: na 3 ok 2 % Biren Enenoy sired Buu to Being = see fre dn lordard cases: )¢-—__S" pore Hh mY ana JJ a lJ i B 666665 aaAaRNARn JJdJIIIIIIIII BEER rae eg 5 ? Tra cn Je — = 9) Ja poEL! ye iL —* | = | vee, WH 212! a) ow Es | UF poe 4 aeer i ; i - canned WI ramScanner* yalka: 5 of ctedcaly Ieterinat efrachwres ehsiness shetnod’ ; phe DeHechor @) Petahon ab | tp an egtemet (ovo foment | Defra Hve of steer 7 cople + 4st theam of castglane :- — Applicable when phnople of SAberPpesion > for defieck Ki e isplacereat method | n elas | syctem ony point caused ue fs equal to we hana enerey) oth Referee fo we fan & ak freak Parte fy | vs 3 (a= § (Gn 4) au A am Ax pees = y. SS OM) g J ww oer sates— i > at? theomm of cackgfianc :- — farce pers bs Ii method / - fe / om ae ag leash wc, © Mini” ehleona| oS of wuss] Frames. 7 —> internal y- fated wo. of Reachons’ St cuppets. anc seaeteerinns c chive — Ali iene! comet balay ‘ © Kino tial co DOe tems nary un) a abe rideterminangy CPs\i7, [Ds = Ds Des 2 combdbblay tndtian Deals oath baladding af, displacement Sv so,) SH=0 ow O=0, + Dce = Exlonal inGoetern no = w- Fa™eqnr a ee = ¥- 6 oe Pane fare *[Pse = )F- Fa” Eq” *# Deg = intemal Berto nary | Mm le iweBeo pr einted plane forme m= jG eens fin Junk Shace Bevel Bm = Bil by ~~~ iol wile? Hane fone Gm = 6S- B -- > Rigid quinted space fame woof Reackons Fa plane Gone = — a — shore fan = 6 — eanned with Camsi canned with CamScannerAise, Al a a ON vated ta i SC +--+ > Rigid seiatect pling frei - = 6c Rigid Tointed Space fey FN OF boxes in the Fame closed + Dsgy = BKC = axe, =16 * 17k Release ‘gives aHifional eqmiegn i) haf Nornt hinge Cintenel| The No-of Moemits RelexceD ofan nteonal hinge = n-th ts Norof members hosing, | 74 rangh hinge — 4 FRo 30152 re ® co Le lapo poakeP a4 A Ore. Menkey PRO a4 204 ' “> chear face Qefeaice | > a Hoiealed shear frce }—A}—$ 2m b) veyricah SF, )Reletse = | —4-—_f | Jubaeiaborl 1 mT Nita 1 euro , A Yn c) baw, — 1s ena | &H=o, VericaL bay uth Winge onvelter soe A lime has to, Fer \ Relesse: # 1m ordinary beams No Closed boxes , hence Dey =o rR ii —. oS 2 : Scanned with CamScannerDim Ringed bt neces . adhoeal wo-OF Zain! © & babbbaddy Scanned with CamScannerert ‘De = Qt) -2 E 2 oY Dees v's et + B O28 | Ne Cee ‘aeqib 27> foce Released 's! 9 Cu Bs tt " P pe er 59 = 26 In ‘ © Dee e427 2 = > Dy = BKC = BDF 6 ' Release = 2@ = OR { Dg = 6b2AQ =~ 6 Pf abQiseral Meabea ave connedfeed 1. hinged sebref | len 222" ase Reverse Fs Oplel to a@disoral No.of Momber ganected) to hinge , | cl | ure i = att-37 2 ® Kirge De ‘es; [= 0 Relea = oO Cems , HJ | Ost 0 | if alvve beam Canies vevkead loads only. ' lem Dees DHF“ HAH OR | Dgv =o Releoy = 4 Ds = M4 x — —_ a 2 — er Scanned with CamScanner+ The basic perfect frome fs LM eitney In shupe (7) behoviovy in case OF ire yejinteD Trusses aia a. th be eH unssble astt eerie bez of bitten con wecme tat bec OF vember conracted fe) re enteral toads - suborts GEAER a Cebit to A ctope. C9 bbe Bute APY ichape bgheiaw as ye che Srftrel WARES Reotieng ot 4 is Sher & Pkea con Of Befi deny OF te bet pene saannanHRARRENONN m= 2-3 > geod freon fe Dey fa bin~ sointzd blene THe 2-3 > Determinate Cslabke, intenetty | unceble /indeteminal— def ried ie Ts my 2-3 > Gseble > Redundant Fars, jr <0 Cieers shochve fs P¥cally delominate jrteonauy ‘ bte| cae wderteminany De = Dse + Bey a t il me wa > Ds, } De = (3) +(m—2543) \Ps = (mar) -2 Wr Ne OF Un known / Subpet Ceactions. Frome Pir svinted Plane Cyn) Lin goin? space few oD Rigié seinked Pane ad he Fam (wia'®) Gioia yond wens —> at tach Guint OF Puss menber © ve subject j ave subjected to 0 EAM Ea? be. Ef =o, Eh=0 (Internet J ‘ = uns — Gates cord Ron: Soy Bot i = diye 4 for Rigid Mane from macly sinks Fs subsecho Fe Free eg =o, thy =o/! 5 caed Po oper corfigu Bey" ey =m 20 4p. pigid sinteO ame f Pats rovrnber fer ao 20 _> Unstable fewnadty Dartoninat— wan lik Hee. w PA De foeperdeqt OF Bn Determined efuclwve are Aethe (ces caes tgecRan + Welosier| and Scanned with CamScanner| Kraemayre Toeter minacy * PK — Also cated egree of freedom (DOF) * The No.of Uoknemn, Dispacemest calte) DIF. Wpes of raints 4) Rigid saint OF a Hone fone Ty DoF = 3 (Sx, 8,6) aobenslati on at All vigid saint 1- Rota tran ine? angle Krncane some Defer ond aste-OFSplaGma ts 2) Righd seint of a space fone — DOF= 6 Cat Sere Ft B— Rakion C9xe, Oyz, One ) I B- Pendators CS Sy Sz) 3) pin pint Ofa blane fom — vor > 2 (52,455) WA ag He thomts are net Oosion fetes Roiitms are net concideed id ‘ Tu sces, | 4) pin jointed shoce fame — por C2, 8x 19y, 52) | Ctmss) * Le yee end DoF >S ‘ah rig DoF > > « Saas * \——yr pop 4 ot +f —+4 bor >O + fv poy 1 Scanned with Cai AAA EERE RHKE mn na si aan rl aaAR 422272777779 aniinne i ad 3 SC 3 5 5 a}vy @ 9 a NOOF couhatblty qe Net Displecement =? 1 fo Mey Meaning oF cOmpablaility Equations + > 6 (3 Rothe, atl single sist De 3 Rotation * 7s pops eee See TILEEEELE EES Hane Lames SS Tyee > No sof combabh bity BP =0 NO.OF comply hoof Resichien Comboncaits Keffect of fee Relecce ™ Pe, eee Fa, > te (2) SS a 5 —h (04) & ead + mr g Robins) 3 Banslatin is > soot Rotatias DepeBs upon re re rh ne af members 3 poetions, ge tanslatins aS Rf DoF» A Cy Su Mer VS, Sy} A dre ganettir has Mooal carey Vork col shea, oot j Releace + No -OF oy Boe ay 75h, ao, Sy Tepes poe 4h 40v1 ortice deer 4 Hoa eh done ate rope 4 Scanned with CamScannerporsder gffect Mato ferce Polesses whale calatetng 9, \= Ke Ok = 49) S censidearg Avia| Deformations PH atta] Sefoma hi, are Ntglected | (Arial Regi, Hence, wor of Member = 24 [is eshO abd 1m ( 0 iF 2 a arial B ay agi viet’ > 6 —> 2 (nr) ih De =) aS ab + of are pach ooin } NO of b wesheanC Reactor) / — wm of Releasty~ Scanned with C3 me cannerws fort we * Lin 2D frome fw . bade ay | J no of soins [pers see” | = wor of REeches gathoeh swety Means inaoy d's ber +7 DehecHon -j=0 F suey Lot: Lea Cran ~sury) —wtheat suey a he fs wote i> f) if axial deforahon, es < lected: = ensib. @) Asal of: FS MS . ef woening fs ryeaFined As Rawely 2 3f oinerts Neg (ected 77 RigizZ Cae vmled menbe75- Deformation fs considered © Menbes inext ii) PF Axial arciextens ble [oot = B)-2 1 em Ce dad e : = | Ge pof = {A-wm | = 3(a)- g- lo ee i { > lk. ur i : “ARid Sefomo Bon Considered te \ Boe? Ouse gos pof = 31-8 — “~~ - end stink we a a Scanned with CamScanner# venglmation © basic of’ qn ase bie 9D. = aS-y44 No Rotation in id b O+O~-+ k= ane-4 bg Nid { We 1, © 4 —Aikthn © "Es o ae Pye Gxe gree 87 % p—° VPS BMOTFtS Pac 30-6. il 1 Dus ias- br k 4 Reshent ar? Do rst Considerede Jae Rotation th Tass be7 @) oD TWss MH BLO-7 Scanned with CamScannero eu (2 , b ap et go exch mmbe os nae — EE Sibi (baba EO IS oy — Re apmepS= AS bia UP 6 pean at ( oe Rewhits ‘ ech 8h bot mw bx DY, AZ) Ore — Pe C spa ce-fune) mr 0 A 07 oO on I \ | on) Der O- bay g, b= 30 G Can by Merde, SSF a Ory , Oxz, O92 ) u {woof Release ee to [29 play TwesJ = aCm-1) = 3 C Noro Members 1) = 3C4-') acl “Du = 6xe- sora = 27 — Bach three, fa Gach Mander bx Ay Az 5 a — in oye SER D on 05, 2 — Rebrivon th Hip 2 Directs fie Fatt joint “BX, Dy) Bo > A Mer bel @) S1h C ar Or, Oy Or > le gol & A Dy. (Neglecting, Axiod Jefomationy igi sO? SESTETCCCLITISETITSELELECELI LLL ESTEE ee 2 ty Arnie oy only [Pe = (a5- bt 4) — Wor dF Members fe Scanned with CamScannerpe, Ad sr @j- bea~o Re (aieb+a) — colnet =e to— perp + bi dees 5 1 i * Hu ay kK 4 }) 28s (o44)- 352 ous ‘ Prag ee ( 2” o ; — satel 2 fs Deqabbovw meted _— sila | losses, Oo Scanned wiff Came - ns ho [Meron s, oF St reve TORAL Vv ANALEES | ' & Neatt” aemaaieaaal 1) i 4) compecbbility | re Hur fice aeinad /fresil ‘hy caefhe 2) Equil thatunea rer Lee Dt'splacdmont [st fhess coe fhe ve : Mmernod, @adaey) co : be. > pas he focus eve! thoasen lag | onknmen | a re OF fFiorale Rqnattend ave pea a eeg Geom Bical conde fdas) | Pee Bramplests~ Vibdwet Wore / st load ierned S| Method of A eorBicbent’ Jofemetian, three. ‘wonen fF team, coleman anabgy ‘Mettiod 1 elas oe Mher castighangis! thon Of Minimum strato Ewersy 7 mexwell~Mahr Equaten, ‘Note: fice Metd are suituble. hem HH a. 3] DisHocement wethe / eu bikurn! nad | ness oe Tal 1) Coefticrent webs? pe ice Displucenents off Joints ave taken ag Onkmens, Coe Eq” Bq® are expressed, in tems Of Huse ieee DElacerwohs ard! Entomol NonPs ; > Afar sewing —_ Ives acheal displace meats Coast 3 cheal dish ae : — Eig wide ~ slope te Me chon DeHned - Monet Ofchibation metwd (oo! Bo 9, Pee O i Kanls me(nod ong ees > Scanned with CamScanner OP Nofes- DisHacrnt Method) ove datagle che, = bMoment DisRbtie metryd :— 4 ——-« cnaas of indatermina te a sive by Hardy cass. ase forbeam 009 Fomes eaisy PGA, Binks. rot fer Jusses. | + Less 4edingg combeeved tp, spe. pach s thod nd i Strain Eromy Mesnods , oe = © Merce j ny oa “E Method invowes acess of Relaxation. = + Distacement/tqushbive/ ifiness ceefhreteat rocined. 2 yg TS * bweess of cnccessve, Apprramation . a i Ose analysing forcing bidbler :— a a) Gtnues beam 4D Tensrerse., leds yo -_— \ , ote ment ond Rotation edi yejnts, i | ‘ { +) Cont bear, ast) Bancrovse, Words, oth | i settlersest a Reiter. _=_ S) Frame ety [Strat Arment OF => bgt Begg boewee unr 1) FS placer a@heo far Eo? fs fix0a [cmtinwors a cad fs hinged /palier- © Relefne glfineess ofa Me WK = BE owen when fav “AL : nw) K=O ose when] far €n? ts fee F— of a orinl * => when Manat applied At gre end, thon Nemiat Regt co as to wile Mat end fe produce unit clepe. ' ce) H To cal "Reketional slifthess Se ‘ i JS _ #4 Ny } La - = 46r 3eET Ser Leto} wet © 2 FS tO { i ai l lotr ' wer) | Riataal ohfies oe pint 10! > + Robina shffness OF a fist fs sumat absolute ond ch(fress of individuals Meetbey meeting ab trot | deint yo je clifthess fsfifiness factor Ck) > Arent laf Monn eet Abbsoh -o Reqt fe produced unit Aisplace mart ool ‘pranshHon. Sy) Koante shffress of Wenber hen ‘ “ Ke a fav: ‘end fs! &x vl Cais Gents <= | ws i fines span c Factor) os) Abalute, stiffness of Mera, hed dor! end Ps. binged|elte- oso ae a e ~~ Seanned with CamScannerAD ishibetion Heme '- A Homesh cable applied Fo a Shuctrel Guat ty produce weitian wither heslaHon get® Stelyoes To he cannecAg, members cit, he goin mM the bopolion of theiv Relative eksfness hartiness., bus Kon % Kos Koo + Konike jn Mas Ma Koq = 4EtTe ty Kon = BET 3 Koe = Pe “ yo “\Kont Kon: Koc * Koy(: koe = et yt or SPs y Pe, 7 eo. B all bars are 6F same materal" @) bs Same Eo valer , Then , | "4 ret yor b = 401 3% 7 Sty : its | Thal Cor Th Ls Se Dishibiin factors a Maverst ing’ fs apelied of a eint FH mgonent shaved | iby Nady, Connected membey at He int wl ee Acoeny | tO Rato of Btsibution’ Sacto « afive chines af the, B Relasve of! foal Relate SKF hess of att mee eringd with CamScanner baddsKR Summation OF BE fa att'linenbee ay 0! * ODF = fixed / Rigid geint “3 cohen Fred fs, fe + DE > hingeafraner’ a9 8 \ 1 & di aly 2 siiaheAAAN # Moost il be distrhuted at Righ /Rxed sont omy. & Fred Grd Joes not need any balancing of | monn a4 pr ee et ag 1 3 2 ‘ 2 ow 2 Moga 2 2 we ti Mena = aca PoA abo t 9 wa why , 7 Py gl ier y, ) Me vi ~ a _ MeabC3e-4) . Mipn= Mee @b-t) A MpaB = ane | ae al all if ee 5. —> Then. Mer sve cele, nll : — 7 5 > Nn Mpan + ave 6 al ~l > Resultant sign Bopen@s hm, He Katto of a 'QrL) ond bil a. f a. emeng that TF Mewats acts in Hidde B third 7 chp, “botn end Reed Mara mill be a cleceusse PF | Applied Monat Ps clotlise 9, owod vice Versa. q a ¢ Scanned with CamScannerY a Mae hag we Mena! tere mp i © 4 |e =a ra al bh sane <1 (2 ee BA [ee = EB 1 Le tL due te Sethe Rokrtion Of tre Member fis cauced clockwise tnen freed ONO Morent jnduced wit be anficlocewise and vice Versa. + PORTAL FRAMES '~ “cars whose a) nn gamy Mpe af flames ore those/Pcallimne ave Jj e - i je Heal unt iBenrcal exe cenattion and lending of ira fame fs aymmefacal SvcP toot fare dyes act Susy ony side, ' towards won es wer) siey |(ET) (wr Tren) suny ‘We | wm a) types'of fame may be bure Sway frames C7) genras sway “fermi ONS bas pyent “> A Fame When Cony eymmefieal loafing bck As Members do ndl have Same properties | then te, Dery wai) Sway to tre side Bward¢ | ~ahich ahliness G) Relative stiffress fs lesser- bh Scanned with CamScanner+ buy oceors because of 0) Jejonetieos vooding 1) Yoayinme }Acol Suppate, “J 19 cose af coumns of STff. heights BOY occsrs noods longer column Mecg, > sury Our “ tems aght = sides, & 4) Uncymmuticet Subpets : ' GEES 2 [ateral Ofsplacnat oo of Column . so themoneat develapcd ot “ys fs less Fran “ce! wo SMRY OCCURS touncds (afr side Ot | ealumn- sian, oF BIA Reis > strny Treats ator ce) ool Senge co\umn: * hi at”, Sway # \ pseeatt |, \ Scanned with CamScanneraL a) PL crocs -cecionalii ced Of columns due FO ° Oift. te. BE charges, he fame ert{| suey towards 1g) column 6i8e Which has ledst ACE of ‘x Se @Qes) eH) os ' 7 ¥ jing a til rf phive eg honental Soa. och 0G ot 790 oe r ra ite val wey spurs net ponemntel po _ ) = aoe vet noviegtal 12€) Lcoorsolin® Sy ¢ 1 vl oD ‘ mt Volare \ Scanned with CamScanner+ \SLoPE DE FLEGHON METHOD] + proposed by GA. Maney. ' 4% Useful i Indeterminate stuchive las well AS Right Sointe® frames. ¥ Tedious combsred Mbny + Sisplacemedt Eq / stiffness coeSFiciest nto HEARNE * sexes of Simultenoe Eagh, Each Expressing Se Hh Relafen behweei Momeats) ackag at the «EE end Of the members ) utter Jn tems af «ee slepe ard Qaftections » acts! . ot a0 Gishe'ss estth te: eft Soper Pf right 6ppat sinks ni aepivard rhe “A” Ps tater) as &: ond write left supports Lp aight Suppress moves Upurard! shen ifs dates aa Gad) 1 a ees a), & } gia Is ww Pehaovonrnsi | pen p lope Deflection Equatten ij 1 | av } wt Man = Mone + 4ETOn , SETS, Gere il ta | Le Mag shen, cr PEE [AOa+ 09-34] v L Moa = Mroa 4 /AbT@s 4 46T08 _ 66T4, yok & ce ptt :.|Mps = Mros + REL [ea +20p 735] = c ~*Kcouses of sidd! Suey of Srames: - > Uns mepical \oaBling > uney medi cod bee lok calumn faut Hine ees ngs GQ. Ong”, OF lai eg set o>, Wore unifory secktn : > Waudal adding ad ed pe ee © mm gettiownl of Supoorts | / & aft Ls ‘combination of abe ; canned with CamScanner+ The onalysis OF Reames witnort sac will vequsyed a simple Slope aseffedio eqn as = armas fr eBure . * But Analysis Of Romes with sway oft a yequired @ THE aDIiKonal compehi bility Gad” 19 a Os 2. pftey Knovs Ha & Ho Fatcing Mow ts ~ at shpat A ond B for hatienda| Dink . Hodwwdal Eq™ Equation fo tame fs Coe Hat Hp +P =0 sway ~Tuldng Mews at tepso'nts cated as a a {he = Mag +Mea — P a 8 Hp = Moet Med ' Lep inn += Caled Sheey Equaton a Scanned with CamScarinerISY ERK. 2017 (Main) j i EN. 20l7ipen See rs |; © we. have shear ba? , by Hedaminl i ant? eqn. => iy Hattp +P =o Cefire) Wa pe PP ei ' ‘hoor en prea es a =e i Ha ee 7D be Body Si0gzamn Of & pee | Wp = mead “ eee Gye | proton rears, Lee ibe | b, SH Mcp We! Corti AU mnths chee, | «shear ean fs > [J ["sJ+r =o Three BOF EGualbmn m | Dd magiteaco O Mea Mey 22 @ | @ char eql\ Doeliped o , LPs} > pin sented frames couse J) ve — Dy = asm -- Hoe Fees 5 De = By—y =~ Space Frama v $$ Mt > Rigid oeinte? Frames Size *_ DM =. B3-¥ -- + Plne Bame, __ De = GS-¥ _ - .. Shace fram = Se nte-of Joints, 3 Unigmren Rins , “rE | € a ves — Pen, YEG —Spece Frans a 2 ian ; -_ No Retitian componegts ia ‘pin’ Jointed Sramey Truss, 7 = ~ +lpakg = 1S k= = ~ ——— abilt 2. fate, kr stiffness, f= Sleibilrty iP = Sleribility — Dihlacerogt Coused by unt fore “a « stiffness — fice Reqared te produce. Und Ry of spla Cenes ay we te Sey _> of fledbility Mahix hs sre Ofsblacement ce he at the coordinate t' Ola to a unit force act Coordinate y. Key ss of shflness Maa Fs He force al ee Coordinate 0% 34a 1D unrh dISplaceret at coordinate J! x Aaa a » Scanned with CamScanner» Sie Sys J Hy, B, abel aedpihad ane & kij eikye Cboth hag dtoyonal cyromoby J + Relationstap ber? Flessbilit and BHifirees rabnices : ayctom of forces A, Poy Par Pr —Paoduce diSpocrts Ay, bo, by An @ 19) 3,7 osirg pancagle ef Eoperposifien , Plerbility maaan fo A= Su Pi + Siz Po tone + Sin Pr ba = SaiP + Sa Pp + * + S20Po on = SNP + Sra Po + » + Sao Po Ay Si Sin -- de San Pr | 52 So San - 7 S2R Po oe Pe oe em Ty csdted i ee he Kin So | Paz Koray + Kaa ho +> ~* Kanto Py kn Kia -- “Kin by Po] | Ker Kaas r -Kus | |e } Pa Kny Kor Karn dn | putting va of RSs pd , ‘for = LE] {- Jdeqihy Maks pet! thy Gnd ahifiness pyadices are fnvense OF Bach dtner ci ‘Scanned with CamScannerDe Reability Matis Metnoo | force mernod —since Redundant foes are He basic UupKnoums, compatbility method — combakbity Corditon of , " ' Blfmaation «gives ine Pinal npavent a Lombatibil ity condition s ; [bet = tsferany | ac 68S Ay. ~displacenent dt fo gireo) loadicg gs - DiSplacemet Gua to) unit foce Req? to Find > Ps de _skfPnece wyrbin) Metned > Req? 12 AA2 Dua. * Tha NorOF EQ? cond (Han needed 49! find AL Dis placenents [Oinporonts, OF al) seats of tne chucture are jennon aS Di? t ' (@) (BEF, > assqed 12 nena disbiaceneat com|pent: (JDJ Deen s. Brfness probe mba |> oti fines: ee ests “ ! Dyspla arent ae pispla : waded Fi li unknecty Senn ; mena > F4 Me qh ave aie ang sélveds > Dig Ps req? P find equal Scanned with CamScannerJTRUE ad Ad ap Comeb ) bay, + uss Members subjected ta Axial free oy evn) afl be free fom shear face avd bending Monwils . Poco in Ire Member Fs wttin elactic Limit 4 loads ac applied et Goins oy. ths qe lenihale ancl le THUG _s Dg= [m= aj— > | -- CAnaryste can be Ame using, 7) method of cections Mena) Metro? of Soils m) vtilliof Mohy degvam - Cy) Ber chatn! Method» NV) Tension coe Reveah att a * Pf Ds >o -tuss fs ala f be Redundant and CHO be analyses 4 face /flexitah ty nocthed / dixplecenerit | Stiffness methea: | Meine b At zew force Meubiv + - | + BN dees not exist in tre member of Puss. * eee ee poe — © © a) © © os | a) ata geist Sf three Members ave soceting pet of | quo of them vt colineay 12 each anew gd dhe. Ps no trlernal fece at Mat ints, Theo Hurd Member Canies a “force anes ; ® y , che END ae D Memey AD & AB che colinear fo tach OMG, No fac ah voi, Scanned with CamScanner© Hf two Members are Necting ot @ Joint ond tere hs np paternal foce at trot sohat, ad if Membevs ove’ not cotinedr, ten CS _ Mertbers ui cany zero fares, : Fac = Pye'=o Fap= 10 ke (7) set ED ‘Fpp =? Bi Ny jena BE om Fa afsert - Bee ath face Face £x=0 : : \ zo | 0 foo of sist B. | fhe Fe; ban Fa 2 go Ret Comp) 218 7 ‘Okie tu ave collinear! Pf ue niece oy rechen, cubsacted me foro /Reachas th He Of PRI N= collinear Mernber then linet coll nea ’ Sternbey Ps horir Mtowaloer fice quel fe aphed at Hat Jord: 1 WN p ; § £6 E SEEKER REERH JALAL. ® ry) BRERE ¢ aRRR 1 ¢ we 7 Scanned with Car : oy 3 S| ») 3 5 2dn method of Soints, , > two Eq? of Ean EFes0 § ER =o Wwints Sheurd be Such tat No: + the Gelechon of ofpMember at ary stint shoul not exceed ©. unknen fo Finding isteonal Recction, =F4, fy , =™]=0 an be dseds “e Io) Mcthod of Gectin,, theree EA? of Fa™ Zhe 20, | zfy =0, =fJ=0 . Tha the Gelecion of sechon fis cut dn sach iP £ oA th Wocase Unenued monbes faces be Moc man ® can be cut 19 Zig-ey aeliection of Tues — nerred of AWYes serge ChIN connacted J 1. Maxwell's netned / unit load fi Foce i Of Ana’ 2) Vismal Wee me Mss- wd draght also. [ht bean as welas Tus» 3. elre2n Enagy method + ra 4, willat Moby | Apsl? cat fe Tisses oy, s+ Bal chen Meta 6 — shfiness merhod 7 castglanels memod g: tint OE Spl ora t a Avale wei ght, rected uote: Williat Mahy efa— offen af canned with CamScanner S&L2) Yt load tetnod / Force Metned vy +> due fo Elena \ooeting CWe) Energy shred in Member mae Se eeee fifi [We = Sere P- External +o 2AE fortes Ge ChiPscPn og > Remove au External toad od afte appling oe 7 CK)ILUST 1008] at porbatey pofat akere derin —— Fe to be calculate (©) system off writ a load Chi, ke, Ka... kn) nm f. Bhorgy sted th Stem ool be - Wes tx1xa eka Tort Mae He Deflection ab & pokcular pont he selving ld cambinaten of untenal doad and urat lore fs fay 2 PKLL@ [ag= 2 oe Toye S krPL = EKO [Py E kobe = =H] A= fe i i) DP -totemad ee load n- cfs area E - Ffbarne Righty © Scanned with CamScanneroe 144 *Deflectiea Que to wetaton Of) Tem’ ae aw0f, if Tempe chagges Occurs neo et? Of Each Member dete effect) can bo cals ea au “(hye te ‘ —Ve TOS m4 Deh Bogetof Tees dato eternal’ lewd oO sTemps both » oe z k[ festa] po te CTemcton) pr -ve Ccom pression) To rye ct) xo ove (D f ‘Leb chacgh + aue.t3 lerdirg Ne mee 1 fats of AE Sh Tetemnanate ye qo cal. Vatue of Redundant Force CR) Games / chuck’ eich ave Pin— connect once R’ fg Known trey Scanned with CamScannerfe Comrafel emi embition r . [z He 4 RZ iE we @ R- Redundant fier after Ct of Wee | C Rplougets echrurbiave) pobuidans for a fer force ip Ot O Morner Ga ’ ding Sate bide wiih 008 Ht Abosurn aue to [Ler ck, of (4, Scanned with Cai ee eee ee gegye rAO HWE JeSSGRSRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRABED Mama Mae 9222792972777? PPAAP7 7? a9 scan | 2[ARCHES Adopted for lager shan , Reduces sP & BM, in Ing * Arches fs like cuvved beams in tne vernta/ plane trot range los to thePy Hane , CaleS | cches Usually wectaces bending monds iS ae. i r « 'N logy shuctures, and arch fis mesnly ofa - acts cls a inverted cable and receives (7 oa liebe loess +hwagh Compression becaue of iE ts *gidity. Bog Sedat bending a o = ee Seperding par nod iS loaded and oe shaped a aes ese = eae —_ ( oo - HE _ ci ~~ ~ Arches cpancf +e l008s te abrineshs at °C a stinging pots. ps a — ae Any section ip the arch aabyectod 12 ~mE , a Nowmal Thust —N 2 Xue ote” 3 Radal shear — @ ( Cite of bering Mont -' NM Arches Howowsy Bry’ Ps less compured yo Beam" oF Same spon OF Asch > loos get rans eved batty by Axial Gmprecsion ond partly by Hexuve . Que to Axial compressian Each & Every Pare fs subjected fo stress Equally, Hence, wattnal Ts iced uly as Ompured fe bean, ue , Scanned with CaniScanne siti 2 2, eae il ivs . 5, G Ne Wes = pepeding vo OF hinges povtOe® a4 tk A Three hingod Asch b) Two hinged Arch hy 3 Hiegleas | fixe? Noch: > | R cay Thre ee, hingeed Arches Ss te in cece af arch G hodwnsas hs a “ehnuch fee induced art each Ph | ho ”'Np aufnan al anh which Peedif B.-. ¢ be ty yavioes & "rlogaing Morant" e- Ka x i: tye ceuy pen q = Hy (we) Pe 4 slerticay determinate (Ma -_ é Pr ane Four UAknoons 5 BM att each hinge =O The final By at %-% Ae due | _ [4 nowt] eechon ' 4d venice (ond ng, Vf fy. \ = Geon) -(H- morarat) + Beam Moirent + Rs being aaa ) Cre) jve) qa ‘sagging Nomen u Te ey Hevatenfi) ym eo VE Hence, cocanet| Requvonent fi pre fe less tran beana of same epan. M™es:~ G) Eee Three hinged arety (b) Parabilic Three’ hinged arch Were! a) Ciowllay ont + of shan =L ond Rises hi —- Lo SEUSS LURLETE ERR RR EEE LEC Scanned with CamScanneree . Soo Wineles (af PNY polayt ian jciey fis s Dp OY) ¢ fails ' 4 Si jes Lope goog = 2 7 /RaiRe “ Ao pace ; Y= RECO w CR-h) a pe Laidbeedanes pal VaadpelYabad [i = he RCA = toe) | AD cose Off | Paes bolic PYG , dating Spong/ eg psi ais a evgin egTsETqss seeRRRRR DEAL - Spe hil ee \ Ana) \y i Y ratanel eer a ed CO toda | | Paws elope ort nat Pein Fs 1 2222272272777 OOELS Beg ege7g: APRA BAA mal g af Scanned with CamScai Si 5 eryoke Anctlysiss prise ishalic, Loo8s \ {> S yea = Ryechen Comforts Vaya, HA, 1B yay 4- ta. of ea™ fs e aren able Tes vb SHE EV EMafmigro & Me <0 HNO ber agkd fou Ps acing: Ha=¥o cnsider Secthan D! y N= vertical shear fare ; bao 9 - Rodlal sheax 3 yy Ne@mal rhe sf [Rowmet Thust CN) = V sing + Hcos 0 (Redral shear (g/s) = BHsino - Veoss| t Fores at “D' section jar te the shear tangast - Shorr cases -4 Whee 1) Porabelic Arch Cs hinged) OF th tall df Wim Tuy over whole Span 1 Vg a Tita =Hp = wi “ i eT ! zh } , ( oe ' F ee ya—-Hy Net BM and ‘shear face t | \ Him Of S| | Rid Se eS. | | wh ‘we arth Ps "zene? os ws ' “My =@.m)~- (H) Jd =O ~ Mee [Mee Barty =o | any Arial) Compossian N h > hpablig shape vabigeghape (Se Yaattrlar “furigtar , oe ert wate \ Tonist ~~ Scanned with CamScannerOSE LR Three Wegcel semigiaay ach Of Rains, Ro eovmles dl a vey MOI =Pan- wl Paaee VEIN, = a ey ees \ ‘Wt 2 Mee ¢ 100%, hem Ay | ~ 4 va Vy wk pit ri 2. iM, = ~~ WR [ sino = sin? 07] a } Manag = we (Hogaing momat) occurs ct i | ( O= 20° fro : eet Mo =0 po, =, 10 , rhe Meantd of porat Of Mor, BM Occurs fron the cywom fs i roe'se? = als a @ exec _—_+—_ a ~ 2 H Wa =He = WU JS f . > | a ACh. jot el ow, porvaleali (parce bones ane ansistry of two qradrvanks| parts OF AC and (B Od Brokat Ry and <—H, ew Cone. (eo) a8 CESS eee eenee ARRAN 7 Ce =~ = a Jy oc bbb bdddddddldeld © {. AaeGRARae 22222222717? i rT L 27 enn a LL PAAR Scanned with CamScanner"® ' eA u et Zummedical Three hinged arch Prrabiifc oF Shan See th! comiec a pemt wad “W' @hico may be placed any Bhere ad tne Increase in Gown Rfse due to ear. Scanned with GamScannerwe (Tat) 7 Car) ¢ 7 * shesses aye not Induced When oreh fs not comying any loading , ( / “ * but when arch already camging any load CSI UNIeIe Charge In Tis herisenket! Reaction of om change 7 tn “H' due to age: t in Rise a Of cach « ao x} © / 2 oy Cone ake 4 M- beam mart de te exter toting + wa) A-by unit load geHh oO’ / cansistesh De fenation 8 ond 8 by | Rollers > Ht det Shiche > Replacing one SST i] AGU x = Bema nomnt . “Quy 94 & uniflad *ETV ao) m= y] Scanned with CamScannerK Cases~1 5- TWO hinged semi-ciriugy arch of | Radids +R! comes “W'/point) load at CDan { © okaentell | thrict at Each 5 BA uberis a oo ” 1 Ne TWashe = bo Te ete teat a oh Vae Sa bboy @ Mo hinged Semi ciyculay ach of Radius 1? comes toad of Wi at Sectian , the Radius Ye ctor ly fo which | makes an angie X* wity ! wl pt | rm | [w ei = Ww letve frentay cathy adl oy Dhel& Shon | Rovizenter ty ‘wu oul @ ww hinged! semi —c ln =v al WR Ha> Wo =) oa ! - Scanned with Cam: neece SHRAAAAANRARBDRANN ceenenl SGA RGR raaaed RRARAAYA ap EY / ‘aaw, @® wo hinged semj-circular wrth Tanguay loading ; © Two, binged porabihic fac Subjects) 1 Sh | a y whole shan = wl 4) udl dvew H ae axch wll be subsiechedi +0 Nirmal miuist enly,! No &@M, SF, at re ae 3) roncprstoat tool et deh | Cw)! ah midPle shan ote = WAS we |), [He 2Su | oteech eek a | (Fee np | Sept Lf ‘ scx mies emer ghd = = effects ss lahem PT lengh of motor el dg! inwrease, @hich fis rb homie bang stein) indekmarode “=f anion es Scanned with CamScannera) Fee semi- ciztulay HOO htaged arch | Hoe AEE ATI" | HL wee|- b) for a, tuo hinged paabelic. onch As AS DAT fet, 5 ye 5 1 Kn lo hinged Pevabslicicach as ft. tem bsHdl \ RA Tk le ta \ bh os | we | + the effechiof Namal Thusk th trearch Fs Fo ' chefen the RbIOF fe, arch ow) as Release the ipad- of her antl chwuel » Bit Ta |(aTenal iyietding! gappath YH! Becreatces { { ' LW wth unpedlrg = ETA H rpiewing 5 + Eddy's Theor 5 BM at any igection of me arch fs ropa hienat fe the Ordinate CStpn bite given aoch and Linear arch ). *& Linea Arch | Theol Jine} Pressure Ve | _Which Would induce only comprensive; farce s = re Fs Inverted funiculay pelygins ~ using Preswuve line Cain of RM pwvides Basy cain, | — Nnear arch fo- ad): will be paar bli shape. Scanned with Cam: BREE SETESESARRAKE BeeRbbEe LETT ETS 22 ZAAAARZ? ARARR A Clr Ca a OE oe Om tt eS a og a w ™~ in 4 a Og 8 S| er& 2 chape of Video aoch Foren ne | Wo ¥ eo Morar ave | Bah f rn iv chape OF free bending Vp Diagram Se beara | ey ) of Same) pao, | % “reenpanatire ? ay x tua hinged Nolet: The inerectse. 7 couse, ner zfs! chase ant. ppb ven C Be a4) evil we i Pia, 12 | atheist = Py Ce Maxi bend igg Went, ll, Beak RAIS cxoan has highect alee af g: fs \ 7 wud hinged ¢ aeh. = + Reacher LOCds Son ja tw pont afi jatersentin or ; 4 he \OCUS ot if?" ’ jones snppats ; : , secuiaot Read jong | selni cigar A Darel’ \ Reacien locus Si, Awo nese ane A eb a og ee fo SAG Tee) /\ , Sf tle ‘ ) heectten locus Spy, avbinged beabalic: ae -— whose qo Ps ‘cone’ y = eh eho Tae a” Brdue 1 boating, Tembocttwe opharges. and giehitg af swppads “A | irik: aia tao fyr ss, i Canned with CamScanner« BOSPENSTON CABLES] ® BM ext eveay Section fs zer0. Ooty axial foce NO BF 8 * The Caghtl sag /afp ef thelcable vavies Tom Py Na) lela ef Shan. * Rests tne loads aly by Tension. & Beonomical Bs lege, span and df 200m~30, Wwe commonly ba lh as a * Anas “i Nsis OF S~ hinged ach @inxpiots at df «ff levels Ps mab fs same as anelysis OF @ Cable wi ©O SOPPOtS at SIA level | ASR SES c cc * cable camyi ng, adl all along the fengin wito c Supports at same level 4 © ae Maa™ Tension TO ne cable fs at Near me 2B Supports an fs equal 1 Resulteat veackoo Ey at Ao and *B’ Mex. Tension CT) max = ICE 7 (sk) a \y = Tsing —_ Cr Vaz Veo Harn») oe ey \ owe ue.) 2 |Tong = Ube xf +(e te ce Miat tension adteis! ef “Et [Bye ah oor a | cable show ea tet acing at toedest point rc? Scanned witt"CamScanner2s _ 1 # INE poraote| OMpnenis of Tension at ony section Ps equa) te the WHerzotel Reacten' CH), # Total Nengtn OF tne _covle . -t tq gh? AT be . \. » A a’ %y , Co che chape Of the 1oeded chord fs brable. “ewhen The cable caryirg adi along +e length ain wePpts ar diff level , The Mazx™? Tension occurs at highe level Of Cae (Tren y = occurs at higher leve) of edible i mw ro cal Seftectton «ba section, aber Cable subjected to conceparte® \odds.. weftechen ab x-” be ry’ Then ZI NR aH Wy (Xray) -Wa. rae) Hy | but My =o beth vee OE is J a Hy. 2 Var—- Wi (e= 4d¢ we @- a.) : ) ET Beam Momast 0) Eq" condition, OTe Heal oe Pi yy . : i) th Pgh ee [985 - Me fess bite soit can be! Leathe bl os bye Scanned with CamScanneras « caple ith Ensiat TA: love Ft YO aa s Eat of Pavebola Te 4“ ie qa 4 x th us = hy = wh? ee “aH + Ny = wh? —— m . oe ex [oT 6) -- peo Ae] : Yr +th| i - tet be mn ee © Ci a - Ho we” ! _- Wescrios a « Leng of Mme cable 7 : a hte 2h” | i sj24, Bt Be « oe de Gyeded Pulley SebPAT , vertical load ans ted te er =F (sing + sina) PTTL main k CE | © Ho zener load Tonswi fred Fo wer = T(coso-wsa) Bending Maent a the fawe- ne = Hnetbl] x gt ye Mian bed SE Scanned with CamScanner ?Ore = TCceso — cosa) hy & Roller SupP Ot +— S67 vension 19 anchor cable T = T OSA Meine te ame asia &s having Pactienless hence NO honzwntel fre , vo Bending Noo’b re Ral effect of Terip - ror Coble! Due to Mse 19 Tem, Tre veagts OF the: CoHele , jncreaces. Since tne Equivalent coble Loacl i , 7 ne oP EAteted by Suspended i: x ® “hi & ( 4 --.... °RE | “Tai —>|(Z) &) (a pitta sity ‘ 1 phe ce te: : Zp fer We! a ehh — 7 “Me Bending mrrect mM’ 7 the, girde, —— | at sien paint ~EE - EE Wp oF I JPL, \ [zac >| = ZE a “ye a nw o>! f cl Bh a ey oo 3) ELD for sheav free — shear fore fh te girde ot sy Ova to unit load + Aut iWe’ | j os eal Ce *cabaz ce a & ~ weezy ~—---- 4 Eup phen Cz L AS LK =F. canned with CarnScanner6. n May ordinate when 4 ‘ mi ingle when (24 4) wbich fs a Wargle at centre = =) woudl. a facet aor ~O tep —whed wat 4 | az a \ thee git Ordinate = \ 6) nD when ze > hor d, Maite: ordinate = ) 2 am) force‘ Ine. Coble + _@ TLD ie ct)> He a nike Pe i welt my Diagram. dye tO CElersbated toad- de Marxionunn Momest Pig’ 0:09622S wh o-0g¢22gwe a BEA kK A le 02.113 on143t ak Naz BMD OeTo udl: or01@e3 wl 001263 4L™ Ky \—_—— | | 0: 9344 o'radd | Scanned with CamScanner~~ | 1 \ i a Mex" sheay fare Sicgre mm, Sana ) FT, sg | a) mexsep dot concentrated toa) Ww’ . —W , be dvely , Botta Mer —ve shear gece 'octurs hen ine ood Fs Sust left bf tHe secim. b) Diagram for ve shear face ahich occars Bhan the 1008 Eg 'laigh right Ate section Finex = wi), ere z OM Zapy Note: Max’ ave shear fice Never, ocuns whan tre 1000) Fs at ceone. Vii easamaasananans i Scanned with cam scannerhe * Influence Line oliagaom for Three hinge? axns x ce x ———— L) ELD — fe “Hoseentel Thich CH) . ne — Otstance OF vat 1000 Gore supprh A’, Thangle with i aL Max adinate ea at hisge tcl. 2) rep —for ©) Momesh at a secHen: Mp = beam ment — 1 op swiangle @ite Mar had Ordinate. ae ¢ Hot LY pe Tangle GH) ordinate =p. thi (a ds) a ge rep for Mp’ °"8) ELD fv Nomal thrash —> N -at D” P Na vsine + Heos® o Tangle. cotn Nyan™ adinak ILy fa Heosd = a® = CoLd amscanneryy, ee © 4} 2L9-for Rinlal shee (Qos ed “D’ oWBinals fir (sine) > (LE Jeng Cpr : > 5 sind (aw 2 IUD fu > no Lyusing + Heoso Tip call be dbteined by abditign of boty Cvsino + Hcoso) ae d 4) ILD fo Rodial shew > Gy i , & = Neoca—Hsind vordinate —'epew 2 Ficing Vee —! joy \>\\Z coco a ) canned wi Jal AAL SHAAERAARARNRDY yoo? ae sama TPP 3 ¢ aN 3 2v7 ~ 7 fF : ¥ [Kanes ryosnodl oof emayptis apkible for oliffress & ‘Nelous member sareretssumo®, 1 case of Whap MIN Verticet| Wad Ps octing, lal sbear 10 badly sloey shold be reso) \ The i oF DB) Kans method sum of disbibufion Prctor's eta poihi ct sto G of b= Cros y |) | wow Madd and Rokelton Pela Pn Kaniks meted , x Wer Tiel \ ~& This Eq) /Method Ss Oewleped bers on slope defeq9, JAnD Use fe the anarlyatis Joy | Mulkiskrey amec , FPL fru, pramte omit Saas ae explained f the cluctwe etry Pixed end: . py do | fea homat f=) 2 Chetetion cos tabuly ' at neatrend J + Rorpition const buoy Of fav end ' — L \ fo nt ie - a te , SCcASaEN \ Waly ne + vbr rath dy Nap Mbp. Se Hy Man | at a 1 Mag = Miami 2MAB MBA _ Mac =" Mac! 4+ AMpe eMba Ole 1 My = Mean + 2™Map 4M yp ~~ - Ie set “A “V5 Map = 2Menp + 2 EM haw + =MsA | with CamScanner