Automotive Lubricant Basics

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Engine Oils

Engine oil functions

• Lubricate
– Reduce wear
– Reduce friction
• Clean
• Cool
• Seal
• Cushion

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Engine Oils Properties

• Correct viscosity for operating temperature range

• Lubricate/protect engine at all loads & temperatures
• Flow and pump readily at low temperatures
• Act as cleaning agent
• Resist oxidation, carbon formation, foaming, corrosion and
rust
• Prevent corrosion of bearing material
• Low volatility

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 Engine Oils Properties (cont’d)

• Act as carrier for additives

• Protect engine during periods of non-operation
• Seal compatibility
• Shear stability
• Increase fuel economy (C.A.F.E.)
• Reduce emissions, protect emission control components

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Engine Oil Additives

• Viscosity index improvers

• Anti-wear agents
• Friction modifiers
• Pour point depressants
• Detergents
• Dispersants
• Anti-oxidants
• Rust and corrosion inhibitors
• Anti-foam agents
• Dyes

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Engine Oils
Classification systems
• SAE - Society of Automotive Engineers: SAE has
established viscosity grades

• API - American Petroleum Institute: API established a

guide for consumers indicating levels of
performance for engine oils; “S” and “C”
Service Classifications

• ILSAC – International Lubricant Standardization and

Approval Committee: Represents the needs of the
American and Japanese OEMs including fuel
economy and catalyst compatibility

•GM- Dexos 1 & 2

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 SAE Engine Oil Viscosity Classification

Cranking Pumping
SAE Kinematic Viscosity, High Shear Viscosity,
Viscosity, Viscosity, o o
Viscosity cSt at 100 C cP min at 150 C
cP max at temp oC cP max at temp
Grade o (ASTM D 445) (ASTM D 5481)
(ASTM D 5293) C (ASTM D 4684)

Minimum Maximum

0W 6200 at –35 60,000 at –40 3.8 --- ---

5W 6600 at –30 60,000 at –35 3.8 --- ---

10W 7000 at –25 60,000 at –30 4.1 --- ---
15W 7000 at –20 60,000 at –25 5.6 --- ---

20W 9500 at –15 60,000 at –20 5.6 --- ---

25W 13,000 at -10 60,000 at –15 9.3 --- ---
20 --- --- 5.6 < 9.3 2.6

30 --- --- 9.3 < 12.5 2.9

2.9
40 --- --- 12.5 < 16.3
(0W-40, 5W-40, 10W-40)
3.7
40 --- --- 12.5 < 16.3
(15W-40, 20W-40, 25W-40, 40)
50 --- --- 16.3 < 21.9 3.7
60 --- --- 21.9 < 26.1 3.7
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Comparison of Single Grade and Multi-grade Engine Oils

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Engine Oils

Engine Oil Symbols

ILSAC API

Starburst for new car warranty. Low Donut for quality

SAE grades, latest API, Energy levels, SAE grade, and
Conserving Energy Conserving

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Engine Oils

API service categories

API Service categories identify gasoline and diesel

engine oil performance levels
“S” designations are for spark-ignited (gasoline engines)
API SN is the current designation
“C” designations are for compression-ignited (diesel)
engines
API CJ-4 is the current designation for 4-stroke
cycle
API CF-2 is the current designation for 2-stroke
cycle

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API service categories
Gasoline Diesel
SA Straight mineral oil CA Light Duty (1940s-50s)
SB Inhibited oil CB Moderate Duty (1949)
SC 1964 Warranty CC Moderate to Severe Duty (1961)
SD 1968 Warranty CD Severe Duty (1965)
SE 1972 Warranty CD-II Severe-Duty Two-Stroke
SF 1980 Warranty CE 1983 Diesel Engine Service
SG 1989 Warranty CF-4 1990 Diesel Engine Service
SH 1993 Warranty CF Indirect-Injected (1994)
SJ 1997 Warranty CF-2 Severe-Duty Two-Stroke (1994)
SL 2001 Warranty CG-4 1994 Severe-Duty
SM 2005 Warranty CH-4 1998 Severe-Duty
SN 2011 Warranty CI-4 2002 Severe Duty
CI-4+ 2005 Severe Duty
CJ-4 2007 Severe Duty

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 Automatic Transmission Fluids
• DexronIII/Mercon replaced with Super ATF

• 2007 Dexron VI

• 2007 Mercon V

Maintenance tip,
• Follow manufacturers recommendation but only go to a qualified reputable service
provider!

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 Automatic Transmission Fluids

Current fluids
ATF+4 - Most Dodge, Jeep, and Chrysler [5]
Mercon V - Most Ford, Mercury, Lincoln
Mercon LV - Some Ford(DuratecHE),MAZDA in Europe or Asia
Dexron VI - Most GM and Toyota products, some Ford applications
ATF DW-1 - All Honda and Acura (except CVT)
SP-III - All Hyundai, Mitsubishi and Kia (except CVT and dual clutch)
Matic S, Matic K, Matic D - Jatco transmissions, used in Nissan and
Subaru vehicles
Synthetic ATF is available on aftermarket brands, offering better
performance and service life for certain applications (such as frequent
trailer towing).

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 Automotive Antifreeze
– Ethylene Glycol or Propylene Glycol
– Green (Nitrates/Silicates)
• 2 year life
• SCA Filters
• Abrasive (Water Pump Failures)
– Orange (OAT, Organic Acids)
• Extended Life Coolant
• 7 year life
• Incompatible with some seals
– Hybrids (HOAT Blend)
• Red & Yellow???
• Compatible?
* Ethylene Glycol coolant is a poison and your pets love the taste of it!
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 Brake Fluid 101

US Standard FMVSS116
Everything you didn’t think you
needed to know about brake fluids.

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 Brake Fluid 101

US Standard FMVSS116

FLUID TYPE CHEMISTRY DRY BOILING POINT WET BOILING POINT@3.7 H2O

Ethylene glycol
and polyalkylene
DOT 3 glycol ether 205°C (401°F) 140°C (284°F)

Ethylene glycol
DOT 4 and borate ester 230°C (446°F) 155°C (311°F)

DOT 5 Silicone-based 260°C (500°F) 180°C (356°F)

Polyalkylene glycol
ether and borate
DOT 5.1 ester 270°C (518°F) 191°C (375°F)

Marketing Castrol SRF, DOT4+, DOT 4.1

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 Brake Fluid Factoids

•DOT 3, 4 and 5.1 can absorb water DOT 5 won't.

•DOT 5 doesn't work well in ABS brake systems.

• Favored in some motorcycles because it doesn’t eat paint.

•DOT 5 can be incompatible with some seal materials.

• DOT 5 has lower Bulk Modulus

Brake fluids should be flushed every two years!

Check your owners manual.

*All are totally incompatible with mineral oil!

••Do not flush with mineral oil products!
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 Commercial Products

Dry Wet
Brake Fluid Boiling Point Boiling Point Suggested List Price

AP SUPER 600 590°F 410°F $18.00/16.9oz. .

CASTROL SRF 590°F 518°F $69.99/33.8oz.

NEO SUPER DOT 610 610°F 421°F $15.00/12oz.

MOTUL RACING 600 593°F 420°F $15.00/16.9oz.

MOTUL DOT 5.1 509°F 365°F $6.50/16.9oz.

ATE SUPER BLUE 536°F 392°F $11.99/33.8oz

VALVOLINE
SYNPOWER 503°F 343°F $4.97/16.9oz.

ATE SL 500°F 329°F $7.95/16.9oz.

AP 551 528°F 288°F $12.50/16.9oz.

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 Hydraulic Clutches
• It’s critical to follow manufacturers recommendation!

• IMPORTANT NOTE

DO NOT USE DOT 5.1 fluid in contact with any

type of magnesium components (e.g. gearbox /
clutch components) as a chemical reaction is
caused resulting in gases being generated. This
will then prevent the clutch hydraulics from
working efficiently.

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THANK YOU

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