KOFORIDUA TECHNICAL

UNIVERSITY

NAME: AKAFIA SANDRA

INDEX NUMBER: B203210021

BSC INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (400)

TOPIC: MOVIE RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page No.

Table of contents
List of Figures viii
List of Tables

List of Abbreviations x
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Relevance of the Project 1
1.2 Problem Statement 2
1.3 Objective 2
1.4 Scope of the Project 3
1.5 Methodology
2 LITERATURE SURVEY 4
2.1 k-means and k-nearest 4
2.2 Using Collaborative 5

3 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION 6

3.1 Hardware Requirements 6

3.2 Software Specification 6

3.3 Software Requirements 6
3.3.1 Anaconda distribution 6
3.3.2 Python Libraries

ii
4 SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN 8
4.1 System Architecture 8
4.2 Activity diagram 9
4.3 Flowchart 10

5 IMPLEMENTATION 11
5.1 Cosine similarity 11
5.2 Singular Value Decomposition 11
5.3 Experimental Setup 12
Front-End/Back End implementation details 13
6 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 14
6.1 Screenshots 15

7 TESTING 16
7.1 Testing Methodologies 17

8 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 18

8.1 Conclusion 18
8.2 Future Scope 18

REFERENCES 19

iii
 LIST OF FIGURES

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Fig 4.1 Architecture for hybrid approach 8
Fig 4.2 Activity diagram 9
Fig 4.3 Data Flow
Fig 5.1 Code snippet
Fig 5.2 Backed code snippet
10
Fig 6.1 User login 12 13
Fig 6.2 List of recommended movies 15 15

iv
 LIST OF TABLES

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Table 6.1 comparison 14

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Movie Recommendation System

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Relevance of the Project

A recommendation system or recommendation engine is a model used for information
filtering where it tries to predict the preferences of a user and provide suggests based
on these preferences. These systems have become increasingly popular nowadays and
are widely used today in areas such as movies, music, books, videos, clothing,
restaurants, food, places and other utilities. These systems collect information about a
user's preferences and behaviour, and then use this information to improve their
suggestions in the future.

Movies are a part and parcel of life. There are different types of movies like some for
entertainment, some for educational purposes, some are animated movies for children,
and some are horror movies or action films. Movies can be easily differentiated
through their genres like comedy, thriller, animation, action etc. Other way to
distinguish among movies can be either by releasing year, language, director etc.
Watching movies online, there are a number of movies to search in our most liked
movies . Movie Recommendation Systems helps us to search our preferred movies
among all of these different types of movies and hence reduce the trouble of spending
a lot of time searching our favourable movies. So, it requires that the movie
recommendation system should be very reliable and should provide us with the
recommendation of movies which are exactly same or most matched with our
preferences.

A large number of companies are making use of recommendation systems to increase

user interaction and enrich a user's shopping experience. Recommendation systems
have several benefits, the most important being customer satisfaction and revenue.
Movie Recommendation system is very powerful and important system. But, due to
the problems associated with pure collaborative approach, movie recommendation
systems also suffers with poor recommendation quality and scalability issues.

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1.2 Problem Statement:

The goal of the project is to recommend a movie to the user.
Providing related content out of relevant and irrelevant collection of items to
users of online service providers.

1.3 Objective of the Projects

• Improving the Accuracy of the recommendation system 

Improve the Quality of the movie Recommendation system

 Improving the Scalability.

• Enhancing the user experience.

1.4 Scope of the Project

The objective of this project is to provide accurate movie recommendations to

users. The goal of the project is to improve the quality of movie
recommendation system, such as accuracy, quality and scalability of system
than the pure approaches. This is done using Hybrid approach by combining
content based filtering and collaborative filtering, To eradicate the overload of
the data, recommendation system is used as information filtering tool in social
networking sites .Hence, there is a huge scope of exploration in this field for
improving scalability, accuracy and quality of movie recommendation systems
Movie Recommendation system is very powerful and important system. But,
due to the problems associated with pure collaborative approach, movie
recommendation systems also suffers with poor recommendation quality and
scalability issues.

1.5 Methodology for Movie Recommendation

The hybrid approach proposed an integrative method by merging fuzzy
kmeans clustering method and genetic algorithm based weighted similarity
measure to construct a movie recommendation system. The proposed movie

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recommendation system gives finer similarity metrics and quality than the
existing Movie recommendation system but the computation time which is
taken by the proposed recommendation system is more than the existing
recommendation system. This problem can be fixed by taking the clustered

data points as an input dataset

The proposed approach is for improving the scalability and quality of the
movie recommendation system .We use a Hybrid approach , by unifying
Content-Based Filtering and Collaborative Filtering, so that the approaches
can be profited from each other. For computing similarity between the
different movies in the given dataset efficiently and in least time and to reduce
computation time of the movie recommender engine we used cosine similarity

measure.

Agile Methodology:

1.collecting the data sets: Collecting all the required data set from

Kaggle web site.in this project we require movie.csv,ratings.csv,users.csv.

2.Data Analysis: make sure that that the collected data sets are correct and
analysing the data in the csv files. i.e. checking whether all the column Felds
are present in the data sets.

3.Algorithms: in our project we have only two algorithms one is cosine

similarity and other is single valued decomposition are used to build the
machine learning recommendation model.

4.Training and Testing the model: once the implementation of

algorithm is completed . we have to train the model to get the result. We have
tested it several times the model is recommend different set of movies to
different users.

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5.Improvements in the project: In the later stage we can

implement different algorithms and methods for better recommendation.

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

Over the years, many recommendation systems have been developed using either
collaborative, content based or hybrid filtering methods. These systems have been
implemented using various big data and machine learning algorithms.

2.1 Movie Recommendation System by K-Means Clustering

AND K-Nearest Neighbour
A recommendation system collect data about the user’s preferences either implicitly
or explicitly on different items like movies. An implicit acquisition in the
development of movie recommendation system uses the user’s behaviour while
watching the movies. On the other hand, a explicit acquisition in the development of
movie recommendation system uses the user’s previous ratings or history. The other
supporting technique that are used in the development of recommendation system is
clustering. Clustering is a process to group a set of objects in such a way that objects
in the same clusters are more similar to each other than to those in other clusters.
KMeans Clustering along with K-Nearest Neighbour is implemented on the movie
lens dataset in order to obtain the best-optimized result. In existing technique, the data
is scattered which results in a high number of clusters while in the proposed technique
data is gathered and results in a low number of clusters. The process of
recommendation of a movie is optimized in the proposed scheme. The proposed
recommender system predicts the user’s preference of a movie on the basis of
different parameters. The recommender system works on the concept that people are
having common preference or choice. These users will influence on each other’s
opinions. This process optimizes the process and having lower RMSE.

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2.2 Movie Recommendation System Using Collaborative

Filtering: By Ching-Seh (Mike) Wu,Deepti Garg,Unnathi Bhandary
Collaborative filtering systems analyse the user's behaviour and preferences and
predict what they would like based on similarity with other users. There are two kinds
of collaborative filtering systems; user-based recommender and item-based
recommender.

1. Use-based filtering: User-based preferences are very common in the field

of designing personalized systems. This approach is based on the user's
likings. The process starts with users giving ratings (1-5) to some movies.
These ratings can be implicit or explicit. Explicit ratings are when the user
explicitly rates the item on some scale or indicates a thumbs-up/thumbs-down
to the item. Often explicit ratings are hard to gather as not every user is much
interested in providing feedbacks. In these scenarios, we gather implicit
ratings based on their behaviour. For instance, if a user buys a product more
than once, it indicates a positive preference. In context to movie systems, we
can imply that if a user watches the entire movie, he/she has some likeability
to it. Note that there are no clear rules in determining implicit ratings. Next,
for each user, we first find some defined number of nearest neighbours. We
calculate correlation between users' ratings using Pearson Correlation
algorithm. The assumption that if two users' ratings are highly correlated, then
these two users must enjoy similar items and products is used to recommend
items to users.

2. Item-based filtering: Unlike the user-based filtering method,

itembased focuses on the similarity between the item’s users like instead of the
users themselves. The most similar items are computed ahead of time. Then
for recommendation, the items that are most similar to the target item are
recommended to the user.

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CHAPTER 3

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION

This chapter involves both the hardware and software requirements needed for the
project and detailed explanation of the specifications.

3.1 Hardware Requirements

• A PC with Windows/Linux OS
• Processor with 1.7-2.4gHz speed
• Minimum of 8gb RAM
• 2gb Graphic card
3.2 Software Specification
• Text Editor (VS-code/WebStorm)
• Anaconda distribution package (PyCharm Editor)
• Python libraries
3.3 Software Requirements

3.3.1 Anaconda distribution:

Anaconda is a free and open-source distribution of the Python programming
languages for scientific computing (data science, machine learning
applications, large-scale data processing, predictive analytics, etc.), that aims
to simplify package management system and deployment. Package versions
are managed by the package management system conda. The anaconda
distribution includes data-science packages suitable for Windows, Linux and
MacOS.3

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3.3.3 Python libraries:

For the computation and analysis we need certain python libraries which are
used to perform analytics. Packages such as SKlearn, Numpy, pandas,
Matplotlib, Flask framework, etc are needed.

SKlearn: It features various classification, regression and clustering

algorithms including support vector machines, random forests, gradient
boosting, k-means and DBSCAN, and is designed to interoperate with the
Python numerical and scientific libraries NumPy and SciPy.

NumPy: NumPy is a general-purpose array-processing package. It provides

a high-performance multidimensional array object, and tools for working with
these arrays. It is the fundamental package for scientific computing with
Python. Pandas: Pandas is one of the most widely used python libraries in data
science. It provides high-performance, easy to use structures and data analysis
tools. Unlike NumPy library which provides objects for multi-dimensional
arrays, Pandas provides in-memory 2d table object called Data frame.

Flask: It is a lightweight WSGI web application framework. It is designed to

make getting started quick and easy, with the ability to scale up to complex

applications. It began as a simple wrapper around Werkzeug

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CHAPTER 4

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

4.1 System Architecture of Proposed System:

Fig:-4.1 Architecture for hybrid approach

For each different individual use different list of movies are recommended ,as
user login or enters the user id based on two different approaches used in the project
each will recommend the set of movies to the particular user by combining the both
the set of movie based on the user the hybrid model will recommend the single list of
movie to the user.

Activity Diagram:

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Fig:-4.2 Activity diagram

Once the user login by entering the userid i.e present in the csv file ranges from
15000 the list of movie are recommended to the user

4.3 Dataflow:

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Fig:-4.3 Data Flow Diagram

Initially load the data sets that are required to build a model the data set that are
required in this project are movies.csv, ratinfg.csv, users.csv all the data sets are
available in the Kaggle.com. Basically, two models are built in this project content
based and collaborative filtering each produce a list of movies to a particular user by
combining both based on the useid a single final list of movies are recommended to
the particular user

CHAPTER 5

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IMPLEMENTATION

The Proposed System Make Use Different Algorithms and Methods for the
implementation of Hybrid Approach

5.1 Cosine Similarity: Cosine similarity is a measure of similarity between

two non-zero vectors of an inner product space that measures the cosine of the angle
between them.
Formula:

5.2 Singular Value Decomposition (SVD):

Let A be an n*d matrix with singular vectors v1, v2, . . . , vr and
corresponding singular values σ1, σ2, . . . , σr. Then ui = (1/σi )Avi , for i = 1,
2, . . . , r, are the left singular vectors and by Theorem 1.5, A can be
decomposed into a sum of rank one matrices a

We first prove a simple lemma stating that two matrices A and B are identical
if Av = Bv for all v. The lemma states that in the abstract, a matrix A can be
viewed as a transformation that maps vector v onto Av

Experimental requirements:

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Code: Front-end (React.js)

In this project we have used popular front-end web framework (react.js) to build an
interactive user interface

Fig:-5.1
Sample Code snippet

In react.js we used axios npm module to fetch the data from the api that is generated
from flask

Backend :For backend we have use flask app to generate a local host api the
resultant api is fetch in front to display the result.

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Fig:-5.2 Backed code snippet

We have developed our machine learning model in python .

By using flask, we generate resulting api which stores the data in the form of json
format these data is retrieved in react by using axios npm mode and then displaying
the data

CHAPTER 6

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Since our project is movie recommendation system .one can develop a movie
recommendation system by using either content based or collaborative filtering or
combining both.

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In our project we have developed a hybrid approach i.e combination of both content
and collaborative filtering .Both the approaches have advantages and dis-
advantages .in content based filtering the it based on the user ratings or user likes only
such kind of movie will recommended to the user.

Advantages: it is easy to design and it takes less time to compute

Dis-advantages: the model can only make recommendations based on existing

interests of the user. In other words, the model has limited ability to expand on the
users' existing interests.

In Collaborative filtering the recommendation is comparison of similar users.

Advantages: No need domain knowledge because the embeddings are automatically

learned. The model can help users discover new interests. In isolation, the ML system
may not know the user is interested in a given item, but the model might still
recommend it because similar users are interested in that item.

Dis-advantages: The prediction of the model for a given (user, item) pair is the dot
product of the corresponding embeddings. So, if an item is not seen during training,
the system can't create an embedding for it and can't query the model with this item.
This issue is often called the cold-start problem.

The hybrid approach will resolves all these limitations by combining both content
and collaborative filtering

Fig:-6.1 Comparison between the three approaches

The main disadvantage in hybrid approach is it require high memory Screen

shot of the result:

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Fig:-6.2 user id window

Enter the user id ranges between 1-5000

Fig:-6.3 Display of list of recommended movies

Once the user id is entered the list of recommended movies are displayed

CHAPTER 7

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TESTING
System testing is actually a series of different tests whose primary purpose is to fully
exercise the computer-based system. Although each test has a different purpose, all
work to verify that all the system elements have been properly integrated and
perform allocated functions. The testing process is actually carried out to make sure
that the product exactly does the same thing what is supposed to do. In the testing
stage following goals are tried to achieve: -

● To affirm the quality of the project.

● To find and eliminate any residual errors from previous stages.

● To validate the software as a solution to the original problem.

● To provide operational reliability of the system.

7.1 Testing Methodologies

There are many different types of testing methods or techniques used as part of the
software testing methodology. Some of the important testing methodologies are:

Unit Testing
Unit testing is the first level of testing and is often performed by the developers
themselves. It is the process of ensuring individual components of a piece of software
at the code level are functional and work as they were designed to. Developers in a
test-driven environment will typically write and run the tests prior to the software or
feature being passed over to the test team. Unit testing can be conducted manually,
but automating the process will speed up delivery cycles and expand test coverage.
Unit testing will also make debugging easier because finding issues earlier means
they take less time to fix than if they were discovered later in the testing process. Test
Left is a tool that allows advanced testers and developers to shift left with the fastest
test automation tool embedded in any IDE.

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Integration Testing
After each unit is thoroughly tested, it is integrated with other units to create modules or
components that are designed to perform specific tasks or activities. These are then
tested as group through integration testing to ensure whole segments of an application
behave as expected (i.e, the interactions between units are seamless). These tests are
often framed by user scenarios, such as logging into an application or opening files.
Integrated tests can be conducted by either developers or independent testers and are
usually comprised of a combination of automated functional and manual tests.

System Testing
System testing is a black box testing method used to evaluate the completed and
integrated system, as a whole, to ensure it meets specified requirements. The
functionality of the software is tested from end-to-end and is typically conducted by a
separate testing team than the development team before the product is pushed into
production.

CHAPTER 8

CONCLUSION AND FUTRURE SCOPE

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8.1 Conclusion
In this project, to improve the accuracy, quality and scalability of movie
recommendation system, a Hybrid approach by unifying content based filtering and
collaborative filtering; using Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) as a classifier and
Cosine Similarity is presented in the proposed methodology. Existing pure approaches
and proposed hybrid approach is implemented on three different Movie datasets and
the results are compared among them. Comparative results depicts that the proposed
approach shows an improvement in the accuracy, quality and scalability of the movie
recommendation system than the pure approaches. Also, computing time of the
proposed approach is lesser than the other two pure approaches.

8.2 Future scope:

In the proposed approach, It has considered Genres of movies but, in future we can
also consider age of user as according to the age movie preferences also changes, like
for example, during our childhood we like animated movies more as compared to
other movies. There is a need to work on the memory requirements of the proposed
approach in the future. The proposed approach has been implemented here on
different movie datasets only. It can also be implemented on the Film Affinity and
Netflix datasets and the performance can be computed in the future.

REFERENCES
[1] Hirdesh Shivhare, Anshul Gupta and Shalki Sharma (2015), “Recommender
system using fuzzy c-means clustering and genetic algorithm based weighted
similarity measure”, IEEE International Conference on Computer,
Communication and Control.

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[2] Manoj Kumar, D.K. Yadav, Ankur Singh and Vijay Kr. Gupta (2015), “A
Movie Recommender System: MOVREC”, International Journal of
Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 124 – No.3.

[3] RyuRi Kim, Ye Jeong Kwak, HyeonJeong Mo, Mucheol Kim, Seungmin
Rho,Ka Lok Man, Woon Kian Chong (2015),“Trustworthy Movie
Recommender System with Correct Assessment and Emotion Evaluation”,
Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and
Computer Scientists Vol II.

[4] Zan Wang, Xue Yu*, Nan Feng, Zhenhua Wang (2014), “An Improved
Collaborative Movie Recommendation System using Computational
Intelligence”,Journal of Visual Languages & Computing,Volume 25, Issue 6.

[5] Debadrita Roy, Arnab Kundu, (2013), “Design of Movie Recommendation

System by Means of Collaborative Filtering”, International Journal of
Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Volume 3, Issue 4.

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