Presentation on,

Awareness on Eco-Niwas
Samhita 2018 and its
implementation
Electricity consumption in India
• Development and growth of the country is
leading to increased demand for energy,
which leads to consumption of electricity and
emission of Green House Gases.

• As per the studies, building sector consumes

around 33% of total electricity and in future,
it is expected to be much higher as 50%.

• Further to this, in case of residential sector,

its is expected to go up to 75%.

• Increased use of decentralized air

conditioning units in home to provide
thermal comfort is a major factor of
consumption of electricity and eventually,
increased GHG emissions.

• Hence, there is need to have energy

conservation action plan in place.

2
 Energy scenario in India
Growth of Electricity Consumption In India- Domestic Sector

Source: The booklet “Growth of Electricity Sector in India” published annually by Central Electricity Authority,
Government of India

3
Vernacular Colonial

4
Contemporary

5
Envelope Design

6
7
Energy consumption in residential buildings

Governed by

• Architecture Design

• Materials that separate indoor and outdoor environment

• Artificial means of creating thermal and visual comfort (Use of

fans, air conditioning, artificial lighting etc.)
• System choice and Equipment efficiencies

• Electrical System efficiencies

• Use of Renewable Energy

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Development of Eco-Niwas Samhita (ENS)

Bureau of
Energy Extensive consultations
Efficiency with all stakeholders
(BEE)

Implementation of Eco-Niwas
Samhita, in various states of
Deutsche Gesellschaft India under Indo-German Developed Eco-Niwas Samhita
für Internationale Energy Programme- Energy
Zusammenarbeit Efficiency (IGEN-EE) in
(GIZ) GmbH association with BEE

Launched Eco-Niwas Samhita on

14th Dec 2018

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 Eco-Niwas Samhita (ENS)

• Ensure daylight, natural ventilation and

reduce heat gain/loss
Aim of ECO NIWAS • Promote energy efficiency
SAMHITA

• Building envelope,
• Mechanical systems and equipment
Focus area of code • Interior and exterior lighting systems,
• Electrical system and renewable energy.

• Sets minimum standards for building

Initially, Part-I of the envelope designs with the purpose of
Code has been designing energy efficient residential
buildings.
launched

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 Eco-Niwas Samhita-Part I

Most of the households designed in recent

years fail to provide thermal comfort hence, it
leads to use fans and air-conditioning.

As a result, energy consumption gets

increased and eventually increase in CO2
emissions.

NEED to have climate responsive

design of residences, which can lead to
energy efficiency and conservation

Focus on building envelope design !

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Estimated benefits of Eco-Niwas Samhita (ENS-Part I)

• Minimum 20% energy About 100 million tonnes

saving (in cooling) as 125 billion kWh of
of CO2 equivalent
compared to a typical electricity saving
abatement
building.

Benefits for environment (for period of 2018-2030)

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Benefits of Eco-Niwas Samhita (ENS-Part I)-Users

Why adopt ENS for upcoming residential buildings?

Improved
thermal comfort
and availability
of daylight

Reduced
Healthier
electricity
environment
bills

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 Components of building envelope

Top roof
External
walls

Windows Ventilators

Stilt floor
Double
height
terrace

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 Focus areas of code
Part -1 of Code sets
minimum building
envelope
performance
standards

1. To ensure adequate 2. To ensure adequate day light

natural ventilation
potential

3. Limit
Cooling heat
Dominated gains
/ heat lossDominated
Heating
climates (Residential
climates

Envelope Transmittance Value)(RETV)

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 Scope of ENS code
Code is applicable to –
 ‘Residential buildings’ built on a plot area ≥ 500 m2
 Residential part of mixed land-use building projects, built on plot area of ≥ 500
m2

• Hotels
• Lodging and
rooming houses
One or two family • Dormitories
Apartment houses
private dwellings

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Climate zone map of India

• Code compliance has taken

into account variations in
climate zone of India.

Source: National Building code 2005

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Climate reclassification of Maharashtra

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 Addressin Code provisions

1. Natural
2. Daylight 3. Heat gain /loss
ventilation
g

Openable area of Window area, 3.1 U- 3.2 Building Envelope

window and carpet value for (excluding roof)
parameters

external wall area roof, roof -As per its orientation,

Required

area of dwelling and Glass type area -design of shading

unit
elements
-Area of (excluding roof)

Minimum window- Minimum Visible Limit RETV to 15W/sqm for

Limit U- value
to-floor area ratio Light for roof Composite, Hot-Dry, Warm-
(WFR) Transmittance assembly Humid and Temperate
Compliance

(VLT) as per 1.2W/sqmK climate

window-to-wall For cold climate- U value
should be limited to
area ratio
1.8W/sqmK
(WWR)

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Addressing Code provisions-Natural Ventilation

1. Natural
ventilation

Openable area of
parameters
Required

window and carpet Image for natural

area of dwelling ventilation
unit

Carpet area
Compliance

Minimum window-
to-floor area ratio Openable area
(WFR) of window

Room plan Elevation

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Addressing Code provisions-Natural Ventilation

1. Natural Openable Window-to-Floor Area Ratio

ventilation (WFRop)

Openable area of Provision: Minimum openable window-to-

parameters
Required

window and carpet floor area ratio (WFRop) with respect to the
area of dwelling
climate zone shall not be less than given in
unit
Table
It is the ratio of openable area (Aopenable) to the
Climatic zone
carpet area (Acarpet) of dwelling Minimum WFRop (%)
units.
(Aopenable)
Compliance

Minimum window- (WFRop) = Composite 12.50

to-floor area ratio (Acarpet) Hot-Dry 10.00
(WFR)
Warm-Humid 16.66
Temperate 12.50
Cold 8.33

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 Addressing Code provisions-Daylight

2. Daylight

Daylighting

Non-opaque
parameters

Window area,
Required

area of
external wall area window
and Glass type

Room plan Elevation

Compliance

Minimum Visible
Light
Visible Light Transmission (VLT)
Transmittance Fraction of visible light transmitted
(VLT) as per through the glazing and affects
window-to-wall daylight and visibility
area ratio
(WWR) High VLT = more daylight

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 Addressing Code provisions-Daylight
Provisions- Minimum VLT of the glass used in non-opaque
building envelope components (transparent/translucent
2. Daylight panels in windows, doors, etc.) shall comply with the
requirements with respect to the window-to-wall ratio
(WWR) as given in table
parameters

Window area,
Required

external wall area

and Glass type WWR is the ratio of the area of non-opaque building
envelope components of dwelling units to the envelope
area (excluding roof) of dwelling units.

Minimum Visible WWR Minimum VLT

Compliance

Light 0 - 0.30 0.27

Transmittance
0.31 - 0.40 0.20
(VLT) as per (Anon-opaque) 0.41 - 0.50 0.16
window-to-wall (WWR) =
area ratio (Aenvelope area) 0.51 - 0.60 0.13
(WWR) 0.61 - 0.70 0.11

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 Code provisions-Roof Assembly
Provision- Thermal transmittance of roof (U
Addressing

value) shall comply with the maximum value

3. Heat gain /loss of 1.2 W/m2.K.

Thermal transmittance, also known as U-value,

parameters

3.1 U is the rate of transfer of heat (in watts) through

Required

value for one square meter of a structure divided by the

roof, roof difference in temperature across the structure.
area It is expressed in watts per square meter per
Kelvin, or W/m²/K
Limit U-
value for The lower the U-value, the lower is the heat
roof
assembly
gain/loss in the building.
Compliance

1.2W/sqm
K

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 Code provisions-Building Envelope (Except roof)
Addressing

3. Heat gain /loss Wall material

Walling assembly
(U value)
parameters

3.2 Building Envelope

Required

Shading of
(excluding roof) openings
-As per its orientation, Orientation
-design of shading elements Direction of Fenestration
-Area of (excluding roof) wall/openings RETV design
Window to wall ratio

Glass type, U value

Limit RETV to 15W/sqm for and its SHGC
Compliance

Composite, Hot-Dry, Warm-

Humid and Temperate climate Glass type
For cold climate- U value should
be limited to 1.8W/sqmK

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 Residential envelope transmittance value-RETV
• Residential envelope heat transmittance (RETV) is the net heat gain rate
(over the cooling period) through the building envelope (excluding roof)
of the dwelling units divided by the area of the building envelope
(excluding roof) of the dwelling units.
• Its unit is W/m2.
• Limiting the RETV value helps in reducing heat gains from the building
envelope, thereby improving the thermal comfort and reducing the
electricity required for cooling.

Provisions - RETV for the building envelope (except roof) for climate zones,
namely,
• Composite Climate, Hot-Dry Climate, Warm-Humid Climate, and
Temperate Climate, shall comply with the maximum RETV19 of 15 W/m2.
• For cold climate shall comply with the maximum RETV of 1.8 W/m2.K.

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 Compliance calculations RETV

Walling assembly and its

….1 orientation

Thermal conductance of
….2 glass/ non-opaque area
and its orientation
Solar Heat Gain
….3 Coefficient of glass/ non-
opaque area, shading
element and its orientation
Where
orientation factor of respective
w opaque and non-opaque building
envelope components; it is a
measure of the amount of direct
and diffused solar radiation that
is received on the vertical surface
in a specific orientation

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Effective of shading device on SHGC

SHGC Equivalent is the SHGC for a non-opaque component with a

permanent external shading projection (overhang and side fins).

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 Step by Step Code compliance

For Composite, hot-Dry, Warm-humid, and temperate

Climate compliance as follows-
1. Openable window-to-floor area ratio shall comply with the minimum
WRF values .

2. Visible light transmittance (VLT) of non-opaque building envelope

components shall comply with the minimum VLT as per WWR

3. Thermal transmittance of roof shall comply with the maximum U-

value of 1.2 W/m2.K.

4. Residential envelope transmittance value (RETV ) for building

envelope (except roof) shall comply with the maximum RETV of 15
W/m2.

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 Step by Step Code compliance

For Cold Climate compliance as follows-

1. Openable window-to-floor area ratio shall comply with the minimum
WFR values.

2. Visible light transmittance (VLT) of non-opaque building envelope

components shall comply with the minimum VLT values as per
WWR

3. Thermal transmittance of roof shall comply with the maximum U

value of 1.2 W/m2.K

4. Thermal transmittance of building envelope (except roof) for cold

climate shall comply with the maximum RETV value of 1.8 W/m2.K

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 Tool to check ENS compliance
Java based ENS compliance check tool has been developed to
check compliance for residential project.

Available on Bureau of Energy Efficiency’s website for download.

Link - https://beeindia.gov.in/content/ecbc-residential

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 Tool to check ENS compliance
Entre data related to building envelope – its material, area,
orientation, shading element, glazing type etc.

Compliance can be viewed for each building and detailed

report can be generated.

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Case example to understand ENS compliance
and suggestions to comply with ENS

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Case example to understand ENS compliance
Project Details-
Type of project Stand alone building with P+5 structure
No of Dwelling Units 10 Nos. (Building A to J)
Types of Dwelling 3BHK
Units
Location Nagpur
Climate Composite
Latitude < 23.5N

Site layout

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Methodology to identify typical dwelling unit

• Check building type (residential/ commercial) while

Step1 calculating compliance

• Identify typical building with respect to its planning

Step 2 • Check orientation of typical building

• Further, check configuration of dwelling units in the

identified typical building.
Step 3 • Understand number of various type of dwelling units

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 First identify typical building
Building A,B,C, E, F J, H, I has same layout and orientation

Hence, ENS
compliance to be
checked for all
flats with
different
orientation in
Building A and D

Building D and G has same layout as of A,

SITE PLAN
however, have different orientation

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However, here we will be demonstrating
compliance calculations for only one sample
residential unit type in Building A.

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 Identify typical dwelling unit
3 BHK

3 BHK
FLOOR PLAN OF TYPICAL UNIT
A1

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 Building envelope details of the flat
Type of envelope Details of assembly along with type of materials

1. Wall assembly 230mm solid burnt clay brick with 20mm external cement
plaster and 15mm internal gypsum plaster

2. Roof assembly 180 mm thick of RCC slab, with 25mm dense concrete on
top, 100 mm thick brick-bat coba, 15mm thick finished
with IPS flooring over 25mm concrete (laid to slope)
3. Windows and 5mm thick, single clear glass with aluminium powder
Sliding doors coated frames.
(opening in
terraces)
4. Doors 40mm thick factory press laminated door
5. Shading No weather shades provided for windows/ glazed doors
elements

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 ENS compliance check
After entering all applicable details of Building-A in ENS Compliance check
tool, following results have been derived-
Compliance
Calculated values Status of
S/No. Code provisions required as per
for Building -A Compliance
ENS
1 WFR (Window to Floor are Ratio) 16.48 12.5 Compliant

2 VLT (Visible Light Trasmission) 85.0 % 27.0 % Compliant

Uroof (Thermal Transmittance of
3 2.06 W/m2K 1.2 W/m2K Non-Compliant
Roof)
RETV (Residential Envelope
4 17.44 15.0 Non-Compliant
Transmittance Value)

Result:
1. Opening sizes and type (two track windows) of window/ door are appropriate therefore result for
WFR is compliant.
2. Window –to-wall ratio and choice of glass having an appropriate VLT and U value hence, VLT
complies with recommended value.

However, modifications are required in flat A1 to comply with ENS ie to

achieve compliant value for Uroof and RETV.

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Suggested modifications in Roof of Building-A

As is Roof
Assembly

• Consider over-deck insulation for roof.

• Calculate U value for roof assembly.
Step-1

• Apply modified U value to respective area of Roof.

• Calculate overall U value for Roof and check with compliance requirement.
Step-2

Modified Roof
Assembly

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 Suggestions to provide compliant RETV
As is RETV Compliance Check compliance for composite
Case climate as per basic provision

If not compliant

Provide overhang Check compliance

Case I
shading to window

If not compliant
Provide overhang
Case II Check compliance
shading and side fins to
window

If not compliant

Provide overhang shading, side

Case III fins to window and use high Check compliance
performance glass

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 Case I: Provide 350 mm overhang for windows/ doors

Assume 350mm
overhang

Floor Plan

Cross section of over hang shading Key Plan N

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 Compliance check for RETV for Case-I

Result:
• RETV for Case-I is 16.55 W/m2 , which is less than RETV of As is case (17.44
W/m2 ), however non-compliant as per ENS requirements.

• Hence, further modifications in building envelope material is required

to comply with RETV.

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 Case II: Provide 350mm overhang and 300mm vertical fin for windows/doors

Assume 350mm
overhang

Assume 300mm
vertical fins
Assume 300mm
vertical fins

Floor Plan

Cross section of over hang shading Kye Plan N

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 Compliance check for RETV in case of Case-II

Result:
• RETV for Case-II is 15.87 W/m2 , which is less than RETV of As is case (17.44
W/m2 ), however non-compliant as per ENS requirements.

• Hence, further modifications in building envelope material is required

to comply with RETV.

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 Provide single glazed high-performance glass

5mm thick, High performance glass (with lower U value and SHGC) with
aluminium powder coated frames.

Glass manufacturer company is Saint-Gobain.

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Compliance check for RETV in case of Case-III

Result:
• RETV for Case-III is 14.88 W/m2 , which is COMPLAINT with ENS
requirements. Hence, Case-III is compliant with all
requirements of ENS

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 Summary of all cases of building envelope

WFR U roof
VLT% RETV (W/m2)
(openable) (W/m2K)

ENS compliance with respect to composite

12.5 27 1.2 15
climate

U roof
Sr. Building Envelope details for AS IS WFR RETV
VLT% (W/m2K Remark
No. CASE (openable) (W/m2)
)
Wall Assmbly: 20mm external Cement
plaster+ 230mm burnt brick
1
masonry+15 mm gypsum plaster
internally Only WFR
(openable) and
2 No weather shades
16.48 85 2.06 17.44 VLT Comply with
3 Single clear glass with two track recommended
sliding panels value.
Roof : 180 mm RCC slab +100 mm
4 brick batt coba and finished with IPS
flooring

49
 Summary of all cases of building envelope
Sr. Building Envelope details for Modified WFR U roof RETV
VLT% Remark
No. ROOF (openable) (W/m2K) (W/m2)
Wall Assmbly: 20mm external Cement
plaster+ 230mm burnt brick
1
masonry+15 mm gypsum plaster
WFR (openable)
internally
,VLT, and U value
2 No weather shades
for roof comply
Single clear glass with two track 16.48 85 0.56 17.44
3 with
sliding panels
recommended
Roof : 180 mm RCC slab +100 mm
value
brick batt coba + 50mm Expanded
4
polystyrene insulation, finished with
Sr. IPS flooring WFR U roof RETV
Building Envelope details for CASE- I VLT% Remark
No. (openable) (W/m2K) (W/m2)
Wall Assmbly: 20mm external Cement
plaster+ 230mm burnt brick
1 Only WFR
masonry+15 mm gypsum plaster
internally (openable) and
2 VLT and U value
Overhang for windows/doors
16.48 85 0.56 16.55 for roof comply
3 Single clear glass
with
Roof : 180 mm RCC slab +100 mm recommended
4 brick batt coba + 50mm Expanded value
polystyrene insulation, finished with
IPS flooring
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 Summary of all cases of building envelope
WFR
Sr. U roof RETV
Building Envelope details for CASE- II (openable VLT% Remark
No. (W/m2K) (W/m2)
)
Wall Assmbly: 20mm external Cement
1 plaster+ 230mm burnt brick masonry+15 mm
gypsum plaster internally Only WFR
Overhang and vertical fins for windows/ (openable) and VLT
2
doors 16.48 85 0.56 15.87 Comply with
3 Single clear glass recommended
Roof : 180 mm RCC slab +100 mm brick batt value
4 coba + 50mm Expanded polystyrene
insulation, finished with IPS flooring
Sr. WFR U roof RETV
Building Envelope details for CASE- III VLT% Remark
No. (openable) (W/m2K) (W/m2)
Wall Assmbly: 20mm external Cement
1 plaster+ 230mm burnt brick masonry+15
mm gypsum plaster internally
WFR (openable),
2 Overhang shadings and side fins VLT and RETV
High performance glass with low SHGC and 16.48 36.33 0.56 14.88 comply with
3
U value recommended
value.
4 Roof : 180 mm RCC slab +100 mm brick batt
coba + 50mm Expanded polystyrene
insulation, finished with IPS flooring

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Building design flexibility offered by ENS Code

To select
material
for Wall
assembly

To design ENS compliant

external To design
shading building Window
windows envelope

To select
type of
glazing

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Articulation in facade design

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Sensitive Approach

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Implemented by Supported by

Thank You
Knowledge Partner