Contents 1. Introduction 2.

Product Range Carbon Steel Carbon Steel Carbon Steel HR Stainless Steels : : : : : Hot Rolled Products Standard Product tolerance Chemical Composition Mechanical Properties Standard Product tolerance 2 4 4 5 7 9 10 11 12 13 16 17 17 18 19 20 22 23 24 25 30 35 43 44 46 47 48

3. Stainless Steels Product Range : CR Stainless Steels Surface finishes : Stainless Steels Dimensional tolerances : CR Stainless Steels Stainless steels : Chemical Composition Stainless steels : Mechanical properties Stainless steels : Physical Properties Stainless steels : Equivalent Specification Stainless steels : Theoretical Mass 4. Gauge Conversion Table 5. Hardness Conversion 6. Unit Coil Weight Diagram 7. Applications : Hot Rolled Carbon Steels 8. Applications : Stainless Steels 9. SS Surface Finishes & Applications 10. Stainless Steel : Fabrication guidelines 11. Blanking Line 12. Value Added Products 13. Process Flow : Hot Rolling Mill : Cold Rolling Mill 14. Ordering Information Our technical advisory service is always freely available. For further details, please contact our marketing head quarters at Salem. Phone : 2382236 / 2383836 Fax : 238 3249 / 2383063 The information in this booklet is for guidance only. Specifications are subject to change.

Introduction Salem Steel Plant, a special steels unit of Steel Authority of India Ltd., pioneered the supply of wider width stainless steel sheets / coils in India. The plant has an installed capacity of 70,000 tonnes of cold rolled stainless steel and 1,86,000 tonnes of hot rolled stainless steel / carbon steel flat products. The countrys first top-of-the-line stainless steel Blanking facility with a capacity of 3600 t of coin blanks and utility blanks / circles adds to the credit of this ISO 9001 : 2000 certified plant. The plant is also certified to ISO 14001 for its Environmental Management System. Salem Steels products popularly known as Salem Stainless, are well received in national and international markets for its quality standards. The products are exported to industrially advanced markets spanning over thirty seven countries. The state-of-art hot rolling mill which can roll stainless and carbon steels as well, enables the plant to meet the stringent customer requirements. The mill caters mainly to the input needs of stainless steel coils for the cold rolling mills. Facilities at HRM Complex viz, walking beam re-heating furnace, primary descaler, 4-hi reversing roughing mill, 4-high reversing steckel mill, down coiler, laminar cooling and roll grinding machines, procured from world renowned suppliers. Hot rolling steckel mill, the mother unit of hot rolling with level -2 automation is provided with hydraulic gauge setting and automatic guage control. The continuously variable crown which controls the profile and flatness of the strip by work roll shifting and bending, further improves flatness. Special grades of carbon steels rolled out from the facility include IS 1079D/DD/EDD, IS 2062 Gr B, IS 6240 (LPG), IS 10748 Gr I, SAILCOR etc. which find extensive application in industrial sectors. 2

Cold rolling mills of the plant are equipped with the most modern stainless steel production lines, sourced from leading manufacturers the world over. Backed by the French technical know-how the operations of the cold rolling mills are spearheaded by the sophisticated computerised 20-high sendzimir mills. The plant can produce austenitic, martensitic and ferritic types of stainless steel in the form of coils and sheets that are characterised by their superior quaity, precise dimensional tolerance, high degree of flatness with superior metallurgical characteratics. Coils built up in the coil build-up line are softened and descaled in continuous annealing and pickling lines using the Ruthner neutral electrolytic pickling process for superior surface finish. A 2-high skinpass mill with elongation control and constant hydraulic roll force system ensures a product of bright finish and high flatness. A shearing line with precision roller levellers, electronic flying shear and vacuum piler facilitates defect-free piling of the levelled cut sheets. Coils of narrow width and smaller weight are produced by a precision slitting line equipped with latest features like infeed car, gripfeed device, tension pad and interchangeable slitters. The shearing and slitting lines have online continuous. The shearing and slitting lines have online continuous marking system to make the products customer-friendly. Salem Steel Plants cold rolling mills also include special production facilities like a 300t stretcher leveller that produces sheets of a high degree of flatness, a resquaring shear, a recoiling line, a packing line for slit products and wider coils. In addition to the common No1, 2D and 2B finishes, a wide range of finishes including No. 3, 4 and 8 (mirror) can be produced. Also available are other special finishes like moonrock, hammertone, striped, chequered etc.

PRODUCT RANGE : Hot Rolled Products The hot rolled products include austenitic and ferritic grades of stainless steels and carbon steels of drawing quality, structural quality, high strength-low alloy steels and weathering steels.
Type of Product : Hot rolled Coil * Carbon Steel Thickness Width ID (For Coil) Edge Stainless Steel

: 1.6 - 12.7 mm 2.0 - 8.0 mm : 1000 - 1275 mm 1000 - 1275 mm : 762 mm 762 mm : As rolled As rolled (Mill Edge) (Mill Edge) *Cut to size/plate and higher thickness available by mutual discussion.
Carbon Steel : Standard product tolerance

Width Tolerance : +30 mm, -0 mm (For all width ranges) Thickness Tolerances : * (mm) Width (mm)
1.6 -2.0

Thickness Range (mm)

>2.0-3.0 >3.0-5.0 >5.0-8.0 >8.0-10.00 >10.0-12.7

1000-1250

0.18

0.20 0.25

0.25 0.30

0.30 0.35

0.35 0.40

0.50 0.50

>1250-1275 0.20

*Thickness measurements are taken at 20 mm from the edge.

Carbon steels : Chemical composition

Grades
IS 10748 Gr1 IS 1079 D IS 1079 DD 1S 1079 EDD IS 2062 B (Fe 410W B) SS 4012A-E34 SS4012A-E 38 SAILCOR IRS : M-41/97 JIS G 3125-SPA-H

C% Max
0.10 0.12 0.1 0.06 0.22 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.12

Mn% Max
0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 1.5 0.7 1.0 0.250.45 0.250.45 0.200.50

Si% Max
0.20 0.20 0.12 0.06 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.300.50 0.280.72 0.250.75

S% Max
0.05 0.04 0.035 0.03 0.045 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.04

P% Max
0.05 0.04 0.035 0.03 0.045 0.03 0.03 0.0750.145 0.0750.14 0.070.15

A1%
0.01min 0.01min 0.02min 0.02min 0.01min 0.02min 0.02min 0.06max 0.08max 0.08max

Cr%
0.350.55 0.350.6 0.301.25

Ni%
0.280.50 0.20.47 0.65max

Cu%
0.3 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.25 0.60

Nb%
0.02-0.055 0.02-0.055 -

N%
0.008max -

Deoxidation
Killed Killed AI Killed AI killed Killed AI Killed AI Killed Killed Killed Killed

Grades
IS 6240 Gr A IS 6240 Gr B +SAILMA 300/ +SALIMA 300 HI* +SAILMA 350/ +SALIMA 350 HI* +SAILMA 410/ +SALIMA 410 HI* +SAILMA 450/ +SALIMA 450 HI*

C% Max
0.17 0.2 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25

Mn% Max
0.30-0.60 0.90 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50

Si% Max
0.25 0.25 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

S% Max
0.035 0.035 0.055 0.055 0.055 0.055

P% Max
0.035 0.035 0.055 0.055 0.055 0.055

A1%
0.02 min 0.02 min 0.01 min 0.01 min 0.01 min 0.01 min

Cr%
-

Ni%
-

Cu% Nb% N%
-

Deoxidation
AI Killed AI Killed Killed Killed Killed Killed

+ Mirco alloying elements like Nb, V and Ti may be used individually or in combination Nb + V + Ti-0.2% max * HI - Denotes improved notch ductility (Stainless steels are covered under cold rolled products)

Carbon steels : Mechancial Properties Grades IS 10748 Gr I IS 1079 D IS 1709 DD IS 1709 EDD IS 2062 B (Fe 410W B) SS 4012A E-34 SS 4012A E-38 SAILCOR IRSM-41/97 JIS G 3125 SPA-H t <6.0 mm t >6.0 mm IS 6240 Gr A Yield Strength N/mm 2 170 min UTS N/mm 2 290 min 240-400 260-390 260-380 410 min 392-490 442-559 480 min 480min 481 min 490 min 330-410 % EI (min) GL=5.65 S 30 25 28 32 23 27 25 22 22 22 15 25 1t 1t Close Close 2t Close (for t <7.0mm) 0.5t (for t = 7.0 mm) 0.5t 1t 1t 1t 1.5t 2t (For t 5.00 mm) 1t (For t <5.00 mm) Bend Test (t)*

250 min 334-412 373-461 345 min 340min 345 min 353 min 210 min

IS 62 40 Gr B SAILMA SAILMA SAILMA SAILMA SAILMA SAILMA SAILMA SAILMA 300 300 350 350 410 410 450 450

240 min 300 300 350 350 410 410 450 450 min min min min min min min min

350-450 440-560 440-560 490-610 490-610 540-660 540-660 570-720 570-720

25 20 21 20 21 19 20 18 19

HI** HI ** HI ** HI **

2t (For t 5.00 mm) 1t (For t <5.00 mm) 3t 3t 3t 3t 3t 3t 3t 3t

*t : Nominal thickness of test piece ** HI-denotes improved notch ductility Note : 1. For Grades IS 6240 Gr A and IS 6240 Gr B (a) Erichsen Cupping Depth (for thickness <3.15 mm) : 13.5 mm min (b) Grain Size : ASTM 6 to 10 (c) Straingage Embrittlement Test as per IS-6240 : Satisfactory 2. For SAILMA Grades Impact Value (charphy V notch) can be certified for plate thickness 12.0 mm and above, on mutual discussion. 3. For Grade IS 2062 B and for plate thickness 12.00 mm and above impact value (charphy V notch) will be 27J at 0 0 C.

Standard Product Tolerance : Hot Rolled Stainless Steel

Thickness Tolerance : (for all width ranges) Thickness (mm) 2.00 2.25 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 5.00 6.00 8.00 Tolerance (mm) 0.18 0.20 0.23 0.25 0.30 0.36 0.36 0.38 0.50

For specified thickness other than those shown, the tolerance for the next higher thickness shall apply. Thickness measurements are taken atleast 15mm from the edge for TE and 25mm from the edge for ME products.

Stainless Steels

Stainless Steels are heat and corrosion resisting steels. They have in general a higher resistance to corrosion in some definite environment, as well as a higher resistance to scaling at high temperature. Stainless Steels are iron-based alloys containing a minimum of 10.5% Chromium with or without other alloying elements. Based on the alloy content and the micro structure, stainless steels are classified into three major categories viz. Austenitic, Ferritic and Martensitic. Austenitic This category of stainless steel contains 16 to 26% Chromium and 6 to 22% Nickel. They are, in annealed condition, non magnetic and have excellent corrosion resistance. They are not hardenable by heat treatment. However, they can develop high strength on cold working. They have excellent weldability, formability, hygiene factor and cryogenic properties. They are identified in the AISI 300 series. On cold working they exhibit different degrees of magnetism. Ferritic This category contains 12 to 30% Chromium without any Nickel. They are ferro-magnetic in nature and generally not hardenable by heat treatment. These steels possess good resistance to corrosion and have a good weldability. They are identified in the AISI 400 series. Martensitic This group contains 11 to 14% Chromium without any Nickel, but with a higher carbon content compared to the Austenitic and Ferritic stainless Steels. They are ferro-magnetic in nature and are hardenable by heat treatment. They possess moderate corrosion resistance and are identified in the AISI 400 Series.
10

PRODUCT RANGE : C R Stainless Steels Salem Steel Plant produces a wide range of cold rolled coils and cut lengths (sheets) in austenitic, ferritic and martensitic grades of stainless steel conforming to ASTM and various other specifications in a variety of sizes and finishes.
Product Specifications

Coil

Sizes

Dimension Thickness

Range (mm) 0.3 to 6.00

Standard sizes (mm) 0.30, 0.70, 1.50, 3.00, 6.00 0.40, 0.80, 1.60, 3.15, 0.50, 0.90, 2.00, 3.60, 0.55, 1.00, 2.50, 4.00, 0.63, 1.25, 2.80, 5.00

Width (mm) 50 to 1250 1000, 1250

Inner Diameter
Sheet / Plate

406, 508 or 610

Dimension Thickness

Range (mm) 0.5 to 6.00

Standard sizes (mm)

0.50, 0.55, 0.63, 0.70, 0.80, 0.90, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 1.60, 2.00, 2.50, 2.80, 3.00, 3.15, 3.60, 4.00, 5.00, 6.00 Width (mm) 600 to 1250, 1000, 1250 Length (mm) 500 to 4000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000

- Supply of 0.1 and 0.2 mm thickness by mutual discussion. - Supply of Non-standard and higher thickness by mutual discussion. - Hot rolled, annealed, shot blasted and pickled stainless steel coils, sheets / plates are available in thicknesses of 2.008.00 mm in No. 1 finish.

11

Surface Finishes - Stainless Steels Finish Description No. 1 Remarks

Hot rolled, annealed, shot Used where surface finish is not a constraint blasted & pickled CR Work hardened Used where higher hardness & strength is required 2D Cold rolled, annealed and pickled Uniform dull finish for general applications 2B Cold rolled, annealed, pickled & Bright smooth finish for general applications skinpassed 3. Cold rolled, annealed, pickled & For decorative applications polished with 100 to 120 grit abrasive 4. Cold rolled, annealed, pickled & For decorative applications polished with 120 to 150 grit abrasive 8. Cold rolled, annealed, pickled, As press plates, electronic equipment frames skin passed & polished and decorative applications Grades, thicknesses and sizes to be discussed and agreed to. Stainless steel in various self-design finishes like moonrock, hammertone, striped, chequered, hair line, etc are also available. Coils and sheets can be supplied with surface protection film. Please contact for more information. (For finish wise application see page 30)

Dimensional Tolerances : CR Stainless Steel Tolerance on thickness (CRSS) Normal Tolerance (NT) Unit : mm Precision Tolerance (PT) () (CRSS) width 1000 to <1250 mm \ Unit : mm

Thickness

Tolerance ()

Thickness 0.30

Tolerance () 0.03 (for width = 1000 mm) 0.038 0.040 0.050 0.060 0.070 0.080 0.100 0.110 0.120
0.130

0.30 to <0.40 0.30 to <0.60 >0.60 to <0.80 >0.80 to <1.00 >1.00 to <1.25 >1.25 to <1.60 >1.60 to <2.00 >2.00 to <2.50 >2.50 to <3.15
>3.15 to <6.00

0.05 0.07 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.15 0.17 0.22

0.25

>0.40 to <0.60 >0.60 to <0.80 >0.80 to <1.00 >1.00 to <1.25 >1.25 to <1.60 >1.60 to <2.00 >2.00 to <2.50 >2.50 to <3.15
>3.15 to <4.00

1. Specific tolerance by mutual discussion.

2. Measurement of thickness should be made at distance not less than 15 mm from the edge for TE and 25 mm from the edge for ME products.

13

Tolerance on Width
Normal tolerance (NT) for sheets and coils Unit : mm

Tolerance for specified widths Type CRSS No.1/ HRAP Thick (mm) < 6.0 < 8.0 Condition of Edge ME ME < 400 NA NA 400 to < 600 NA NA 600 to < 1000 + 25 -0 + 25 -0 1000 + 30 -0 + 30 -0

CRSS
CRSS
No.1

< 4.0
> 4.0 < 6.0
< 6.0

TE
TE
TE

+2 -0
NA

+2 -0
NA

+2 -0
+5 -0
+5 -0

+2 -0
+5 -0
+5 -0

Precision Tolerance (PT) on slit width for CRSS coils

Unit : mm
Tolerance () for specified widths
Thickness >40 - <125 125 - <250 250 - <600 600 - <1000

< 0.50

0.125

0.15

0.30

0.50

>0.5 < 1.0

>1.0 < 1.5
>1.5 < 2.0
>2.5 < 3.0

0.125
0.15
0.20
0.25

0.20
0.25
0.30
0.30

0.30
0.35
0.40
0.50

0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80

>3.0 < 4.0

0.25

0.40

0.50

0.80

14

Tolerance on length (Nominal Tolerance NT) Unit : mm

Thickness CRSS < 4.00 CRSS > 4.00 No.1 Tolerance (NT) +7 -0 + 15 -0 + 15 -0

Flatness Tolerance for CRSS sheets Flatness Tolerance * 12mm max for all thicknesses and widths Precision Flatness Tolerance for CRSS sheets Unit : mm Thickness (mm)
< 4.0

Width (mm)
< 1200
< 1200
> 1200

Length (mm)
< 2400
> 2400
500 - 4000

Flatness Tolerance*
5.00
7.00
7.00

*Maximum deviation from a horizontal flat surface

15

Chemical Composition : Stainless Steel

Grade
SS 301 SS 304 SS 304L SS 310S SS 316 SS 316L SS 321 SS 409 SS 409M SS 420 SS 430 SS 410S SS 420

C Max
0.15 0.08 0.03 0.08 0.08 0.03 0.08 0.03 0.03

Si Max
1.00 0.75 0.75 1.50 0.75 0.75 0.75 1.00 1.00

Mn Max
2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 0.80 1.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Cr
16.00-18.00 18.00-20.00 18.00-20.00 24.00-26.00 16.00-18.00 16.00-18.00 17.00-19.00 10.50-11.70 10.80-12.50 12.00-14.00 16.00-18.00 11.50-13.50 12.00-14.00

Percentage Ni
6.00-8.00 8.00-10.50 8.00-12.00 19.00-22.00 10.00-14.00 10.00-14.00 9.00-12.00 0.50 1.50 Max 0.75 0.75 Max 0.60 Max 0.75 Max

P Max
0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.040 0.030 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040

S Max
0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.020 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030

Other Elements
N 0.10 Max N 0.10 Max N 0.10 Max Mo 2.00-3.00 N 0.10 Max Mo 2.00-3.00 N 0.10 Max Ti 5x(C+N) Min.0.70 Max N 0.1 max Ti 6x(C+N) Min. 0.50 Max Cb 0.17 Ti 0.75 Max N. 0.03 Max Mo 0.50 Max Mo 0.50 Max

0.15 min 1.00 0.12 1.00 0.08 1.00 0.3-0.4 1.00

Other grades can be supplied by mutual agreement. The chemical composition of SS 409M is subject to change.

Mechanical Properities * (Annealed condition) CRSS

Grade UTS 0.2% Proof %Elongation Stress 50mmGL 2 N/mm
Min Min

Hardness RB
Max

Min

SS 301 515 205 40 95 SS 304 515 205 40 92 SS 304L 485 170 40 92 SS 310S 515 205 40 95 SS 316 515 205 40 95 SS 316L 485 170 40 95 SS 321 515 205 40 95 SS 409 380 170 20 88 +SS 409M 450 275 20 90 SS 410S 415 205 22 89 SS 420 690 (max) 15 96 SS 430 450 205 22 89 *Specific properties by mutual agreement. + Mechanical properties of SS409M are subject to Change

Physical Properties * CRSS

Details Density (gm/cm3) Modules of Elasticity (kg/mm2) Specific Heat Capacity (Cal/gm/0C) Thermal Conductivity (Cal/cm2/Sec/0C/cm at 1000C) Specific Electrical Resistance (/cm3) Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (0Cx10-6,0-500 0C) Melting Range ( 0C) 301 304/304L 7.9 7.9 19700 19700 0.12 0.039 0.12 0.039 316/316L 8.0 19700 0.12 .373 310S 430 7.9 7.7 20300 20300 0.12 0.033 0.11 0.0625 409 7.7 20300 0.11 0.0595

72 19.8

72 18.4

74 16.0

80 16.9

60 11.34

57 11.52

14001420

14001455

13701400

14001455

14301510

14301510

* For guidance only

17

Equivalent Specifications : Stainless Steels

Grade SS 301 SS 304 SS 304L SS 310S SS 316 SS 316L SS 321 SS 409 SS 410S SS 430 IS India X10 Cr 17 Ni 7 X 02 Cr 19 Ni 10 AISI USA 301 304 DIN AFNOR Germany France 1.4310 1.4301 JIS Japan BS Britain 301 S 21 304 S 15 SIS UNS Sweden UNI Italy

Z 12 CN 17-08 SUS 301 Z 6 CN Z 2CN 18-19 SUS 304

142331 S 30100 X 12 Cr Ni 1707 142333 S 30400 X 5 Cr Ni 1810 142352 S 30303 X 2 Cr Ni 1811 142361 S 31008 X 6 Cr Ni 2520 142347 S 31600 X 8 Cr Ni Mo. 1713 142343 1713 142338 S 31603 X 2 Cr Ni Mo 1712 142353 X 2 Cr Ni Mo 1713 142337 S 32100 X 6 Cr Ni Ti 1811 S 40900 -

304 L 1.4306 310 S 1.4845 1.4401 1.4436

18-10 SUS 304 L 304 S 11 SUS 310 S 316 S 31

X04 Cr 17 Ni 12 Mo 2 316

Z 6 CND 17-11 SUS 316

X02 Cr 17 Ni 12 Mo 2 316 L 1.4404 1.4435 X04 Cr 18 Ni 10 Ti 20 321 X 07 Cr 17 409 1.4878 1.4512

Z 2 CND 17-12 SUS 316 L 316 S 31 Z 2 CND 17-13 Z 6 CNT 18-12 SUS 321 Z 5 CT 12 Z 8 C 17 SUS 409 SUS 430 321 S 31 409 S 17 430 S 17

410 S 430 1.4016 1.4003

142320 S 43000 X 12 Cr 17 C -

SS 409M -

HYFAB3 /12 -

Theoretical Mass : Stainless Steel

SIZE (1000 X 1000) MM Unit : Kg

Thick (mm) 300 Series (Density : 8 g/cc) 400 Series (Density: 7.7 g/cc)

0.30 0.40 0.50 0.63 0.70 0.80 1.00 1.25 1.60 2.00 2.50 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00
8.00

2.40 3.20 4.00 5.04 5.60 6.40 8.00 10.00 12.80 16.00 20.00 24.00 32.00 40.00 48.00
64.00

2.31 3.08 3.85 4.85 5.39 6.16 7.70 9.63 12.32 15.40 19.25 23.10 30.80 38.50 46.20
61.60

* These weights are theoretical, for guidance only and are not to be used for commercial purpose, as there is a tolerance on thickness, width and length.

19

Gauge Conversion table

S.W.G. Standard Wire Gauge B.W.G. Birmingham (or Stubs Iron) Wire Gauge B.G. Birmingham Gauge
No. 0/3 0/2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 S.W.G. Inch mm .372 .348 .324 .300 .276 .252 .232 .212 .192 .176 .160 .144 .128 .116 .104 9.449 8.839 8.230 7.620 7.010 6.401 5.893 5.385 4.877 4.470 4.064 3.658 3.251 2.946 2.642 B.W.G. Inch mm .425 .380 .340 .300 .294 .259 .238 .220 .203 .180 .165 .148 .134 .120 .109 10.795 9.652 8.636 7.620 7.214 6.579 6.045 5.588 5.156 4.572 4.191 3.759 3.404 3.048 2.769

B.S. U.S.G. M.S.G.

American Brown and Sharpes Gauge United Standard Gauge United States Manufacturers Standard Gauge
B.S. Inch mm .410 10.404 .365 9.266 .325 8.252 .289 7.348 .258 6.543 .229 5.827 .204 5.189 .182 4.620 .162 4.115 .144 3.665 .129 3.264 .114 2.906 .102 2.588 .091 2.304 .081 2.052 U.S.G. Inch mm .3750 .3438 .3125 .2813 .2656 .2500 .2344 .2188 .2031 .1875 .1719 .1563 .1406 .1250 .1094 9.53 8.73 7.94 7.15 6.75 6.35 5.95 5.56 5.16 4.76 4.37 3.97 3.57 3.18 2.78 M.S.G. Inch mm

B.G. Inch mm .500 .445 .396 .353 .315 .280 .250 .223 .198 .176 .157 .140 .125 .111 .099 12.700 11.308 10.068 8.971 7.993 7.122 6.350 5.651 5.032 4.480 3.988 3.551 3.157 2.827 2.517

.1496 .1347 .1197 .1048

3.80 3.42 3.04 2.66 Contd.

No. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

S.W.G. Inch mm .092 .080 .072 .064 .056 .048 .040 .036 .032 .028 .024 .022 .020 .0180 .0164 .0148 .0136 .0124 2.337 2.032 1.829 1.626 1.422 1.219 1.016 .914 .813 .711 .610 .559 .508 .457 .417 .376 .345 .315

B.W.G. Inch mm .095 .083 .072 .065 .058 .049 .042 .035 .032 .028 .025 .022 .020 .018 .016 .014 .013 .012 2.413 2.108 1.829 1.651 1.473 1.245 1.067 .889 .813 .711 .635 .559 .508 .457 .406 .356 .330 .305

B.G. Inch mm .088 .079 .070 .063 .056 .050 .0440 .0392 .0349 .0313 .0278 .0248 .0220 .0196 .0175 .0156 .0139 .0123 2.240 1.994 1.775 1.587 1.412 1.257 1.118 .996 .886 .794 .707 .629 .560 .498 .443 .397 .353 .312

B.S. Inch mm .072 .064 .057 .051 .045 .040 .0359 .0320 .0285 .0253 .0226 .0201 .0179 .0159 .0142 .0126 .0113 .0100 1.829 1.628 1.450 1.290 1.151 1.024 .912 .813 .724 .643 .574 .511 .455 .404 .361 .320 .287 .254

U.S.G. Inch mm .0938 .0781 .0703 .0625 .0563 .0500 .0438 .0375 .0344 .0313 .0281 .0250 .0219 .0188 .0172 .0156 .0141 .0125 2.38 1.98 1.79 1.59 1.43 1.27 1.11 .953 .873 .794 .714 .635 .556 .478 .437 .396 .358 .318

M.S.G. Inch mm .0898 2.28 .0748 1.90 .0673 1.71 .0598 1.52 .0540 1.37 .0478 1.214 .0418 1.062 .0359 .912 .0329 .836 .0299 .760 .0269 .683 .0239 .607 .0209 .531 .0179 .455 .0164 .417 .0149 .378 .0135 .343

Hardness Conversion *
HB 118 121 123 126 128 131 134 137 140 143 146 149 152 156 159 163 166 170 175 179 183 187 192 197 202 207 212 217 229 229 235 241 248 255 262 HV 125 127 130 132 135 137 140 143 147 150 153 156 159 163 167 171 175 178 183 188 192 196 202 207 212 218 222 228 234 241 247 253 261 269 276 HRB 68.5 70.0 71.0 72.0 73.0 74.0 75.0 76.5 77.5 78.5 79.5 81.0 82.0 83.0 84.0 85.0 86.0 87.0 88.0 89.0 90.0 90.5 91.5 93.0 93.5 94.5 95.5 96.5 97.5 98.5 99.0 100.0 101.0 HRC 19.0 20.5 21.6 22.8 24.1 25.4 26.4 HB 269 275 285 295 302 312 321 331 341 352 363 375 388 402 415 430 444 HV 284 292 301 310 319 329 339 350 360 372 383 396 410 425 440 457 474 495 516 535 553 560 577 595 613 633 653 674 697 720 746 772 800 832 HRB HRC 27.6 28.7 29.9 31.0 32.1 33.2 34.3 35.4 36.6 37.8 39.1 40.4 41.8 43.1 44.5 45.8 47.2 48.7 50.3 51.4 52.5 53.0 54.0 55.0 56.0 57.0 58.0 59.0 60.0 61.0 62.0 63.0 64.0 65.0 -

- - * For guidance only

22

Unit Coil Weight Diagram

(Coil weight can be calculated by multiplying per millimeter unit weight by coil width)
Weight per mm of Width (Kg/mm)
19 18 17 16

Outside Diameter (mm)

1,800

15 14 13

1,700

Inside Diameter (mm)

800 762 700 610 600 500 400

12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

1,600 1,500 1,400 1,300 1,200 1,100 1,000 900 800 700 500 400

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Application : Hot Rolled Carbon Steels

Drawing Quality Steels - IS 1079D, DD, EDD Drawing quality steels are low Carbon steels, meant for applications requiring ductility superior to that of general structural steel for cold forming, drawing and general engineering purposes. DD and EDD quality has superior press formability. Typical applications include transport and hoisting equipment, masts and towers, tubes etc, Weathering Steels SAILCOR, IRSM-41, JIS 3125 These steels are characterised by good atmospheric corrosion resistance and high yield strength. In as rolled condition, weathering steels can be used in normal outdoor applications where the surface of the steel remains exposed to the atmosphere, becoming alternatingly wet and dry. In course of time, a protective layer is formed on the surface of the weathering steel. These are also well suited for steel structures which are to be painted. The weathering property prolongs life of paint, requiring minimum repainting. The resistance of weathering steels to combustion gases is better compared to general structural steels as also is their resistance to scaling at high temperature. The hot rolled steel finds applications in railway wagons, coaches, freight containers, truck and bus bodies, material handling equipment, earth moving equipment and agricultural implements.

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High Strength Low Alloy Steels SAILMA-300, 35, 410, 450 SAILMA - 300HI, 350HI, 410HI 450HI, SS4012A, E-38, E-34 These are high strength micro alloyed steels having a combination of desirable properties not attainable in conventional mild steel. These steels have higher yield strength, higher notch toughness, good fatigue properties, excellent weldability and good formability. These steels can be used for general structural applications, including ships, railway wagons and carriages, pressure vessels, pipes, heavy duty transport vehicles, earth moving equipment and storage tanks. Structural Steel - IS 2062. These steels for general structural purpose are unalloyed and are characterised by their tensile strength and yield strength. LPG Grade - IS 6240 These are deep drawing quality steel for the manufacture of cylinders for storage of low pressure liquified petroleum gas.

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Applications : Stainless Steels Listed below are some typical uses of various grades of Stainless Steels. However, this is not an exhaustive list. Salem Steel Plant provides technical assistance in the selection of proper grade of stainless steel for your specific end uses. SS 301 A Cr-Ni austenitic stainless steel, it has the ability to attain high strength without much sacrifice of ductility through moderate or severe cold working. It can be used where high strength to weight ratio is required and for good general corrosion, resistance. Transportation cars such as railway coaches, wagons, fixtures for construction purposes, electrical equipment, endless belts are a few applications where SS 301 is preferred. SS 304 It is the most widely used austenitic stainless steel. It has excellent general corrosion resistance and forming characteristics. It finds application in transport, chemical, petrochemical and fertiliser industries, dairy, food processing, pharmaceutical industries, hospital equipment, cryogenic vessels, households as kitchenware and as heat exchangers, machinery in paper, pulp, textile and beverage industries. In architectural applications it is used for panels, curtain walls, roofing etc. The weldability of this grade is very good, it can be used in work hardened condition for uses requiring high strength.

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SS 304L An austenitic stainless steel similar to SS 304 with lower carbon level (0.03% max). Used in place of SS 304 for improved resistance to intergranular corrosion and excellent weldabilty. It is used for parts and structures which cannot be heat treated after welding. It has less tendency to work harden by cold working. SS 310S This is an austenitic stainless steel with a higher Chromium and Nickel content. The restricted Carbon helps in better welding and formability. Becaue of their relatively high creep strength and mechanical properties at higher temperatures, these grades find applications where higher temperature and severe service conditions exist. They have high temperatue scaling resistance. Used for air heaters, annealing boxes, ovens, carburising boxes, fire box sheets, furnace linings, furnance stacks and dampers, gas turbine parts, heat exchangers, kiln linings, nozzle diaphragm assemblies for turbo jet engines, oil burner parts, paper mill equipment, oil refinery equipment and recuperators. SS 316 An austenitic stainless steel with 2 to 3% Molybedenum which improves corrosion resistance against halogens and imparts hot strength characteristics. Used for applications requiring resistance to pitting corrosion in halogen atmospheres. Typical applications include, architectural trims, marine exteriors, chemical processing equipment, food processing equipment, petroleum refining equipment, pharamaceutical equipment, photographic equipment, pulp and paper processing equipment and textile finishing equipment.

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SS 316L A modification of type SS 316 (with 0.03 max. carbon), and has reduced tendency towards carbide precipitation. Recommended for parts which cannot be heat treated after welding. SS 321 An austenitic stainless steel similar to SS 304 but stabilised with Titanium to avoid inter-granular corrosion. It has a good weldability and is used for exhaust stacks and mainfolds, pressure vessels, large mufflers for engines, expansion bellows, stack liners, thin wall tubes etc where no post heat treatment of welds is desired. SS 409 It is a low alloyed straight Chromium ferro-magnetic stainless steel. It replaces carbon steels and low alloy steels where heat and corrosion resistance coupled with higher strength are required. It is used for fins in heater tubes, transformer and capacitor cases, dry fertiliser spreaders, automative exhaust systems including mufflers, pipes and emision control units, shipping containers and farm equipment. SS 409M Type SS 409 M is a modified version of SS 409. It offers higher strength, abrasion resistance, weldability and slideability. It finds application in bulk solids handling areas, transport, petrochemical, sugar and general engineering industries. It is also used for gas exhaust systems, piping refinery lower internal etc. (for more details refer our detailed brochure on 409M)

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SS 410S SS 410S is a common ferritic straight Chromium stainless steel which is ferro magnetic. It is a good choice when formability and high strength are required and the end use demands resistance only to midly corrosive enviroments. It is used for furnance parts and burners operating at lower temperatures, tray supports, bubble caps and internals in petroleum fractionating towers. It has moderate weldablity and formability. SS 420 This ferro-magnetic steel contains Carbon 0.15% min. and around 12% Chromium. It can be heat treated to develop high hardness. Widely used for various types of cutleries. Other applications include vegetable choppers, scissors, hand tools and surgical instruments. SS 430 SS 430, is a straight chromium ferro-magnetic stainless steel with 16-18% Cr. content. In the area of deep drawability, it has formability less than that of SS 304. It does not work harden as much as SS 304. It is used under less severe corrosive atmospheres for chemical processing equipment, furnace parts, heat exchangers, oil burner parts, petroleum refining equipment, tubes, recuperators, storage vessels, electrical appliances, solar water heaters, kitchenware, tableware, cutlery, household appliances, decorative trims, washing machine parts, building and construction hardware, automobile components etc.

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Stainless Steels Surface Finishes & Applications Surface finish is an important element in any specification for stainless steel. For those applications in which appearance is important, finish is a design element and must be specified to avoid receiving a finish that is not appropriate for the application. Finish - A Design Element There are several good reasons for paying close attention to the finish designation. In architecture or other highly visible applications, the appearance of stainless steel is a critical design element and a misunderstanding or the wrong finish can alter the desired effect. On the other hand, some fabrication operations in manufacturing stainless steel products, such as deep drawing. yield better results if the metal surface has a slightly rough texture to hold lubricants. The surface on stainless steel from the mill or steel warehouse is either the result of processes used in producing the basic mill form or it is the result of subsequent operations performed specifically to alter the surface condition or appearance. Mill processes include hot rolling, cold rolling, annealing and pickling. These operations are intended to bring the steel product to a specific dimension and metallurgical condition and the resulting finish is generally referred to as a rolled (or unpolished) finish. Subsequent mechanical operations, however, which include grinding, polishing and buffing are intended primarily to enhance the brightness of the surface.

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Rolled finishes serve a very broad and practical use because they are usually the simplest to produce and they are generally the lowest in cost. Standard Finishes Stainless steel flat products are usually produced from cast slabs by hot rolling and finishing on continuous Hot rolling mills. Hot Rolled Coils are further processed by annealing, descaling and cold reducing to specified thickness, then further annealing and descaling. Rolled product finishes are designated by a system of numbers No. 1, 2D & 2B and polished finishes by No.3, 4 & 8. Various other specific rolled pattern finishes are also in vogue. They are produced by rolling with special rolls in which designs are engraved / etched.

Surface Finish Hot Rolled No. 1 Finish Slabs are hot rolled to plates / coils, annealed shot blasted and pickled. This results in a dull, slightly rough surface; quite suitable for industrial applications which generally involve a range of thicknesses. Typical uses : Air heaters, annealing boxes, boiler baffles,ducts, carburising boxes, coal & ore handling systems, crystalizing pans, fire box sheets, furnace supports, conveyors, lining, damper, stacks, gas turbine parts, heat exchanger tubing supports and baffles, incinerators, industrial over liners, kiln liners, oil burner parts, pipes, rail coach / wagon components, recuperators, refinery equipment, tube hangers etc.

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Cold Rolled Finishes The starting material for cold rolling is a No. 1 finish coil. Cold rolled material is supplied with the following standard mill finishes. No.2D Finish Material with a No. 1 finish is cold rolled, annealed and pickled. This results in a uniform dull finish, superior to No 1 finish. Suitable for industrial application and eminently for severe deep drawing as the dull surface (which may be polished after fabrication) retains the lubricant during the drawing operation. Typical uses : Automative exhaust systems, builders hardware, chemicals & petrochemical equipment, electric appliance parts, furnace parts, householdware, kitchen equipment, rail coach parts, trays & pans for chemical equipment etc. No. 2B Finish Material with a 2D finish is given a subsequent light skin pass operation between polished rolls. 2B finish is the most common finish for sheet material. It is brighter than 2D and is semireflective which in turn depends on the grade of stainless steel. It is commonly used for most deep drawing operations and is more easily polished to the final finishes required than in a 2D finish. Typical uses : Bakeware, chemical plant equipment, cookware, dairy & food processing machinery, drums, dryers, dye house equipment, flatware, laundry equipment, paper mill equipment, pharmaceutical equipment, plumbing fixtures, refrigeration equipment, steel metal products, small tanks, solar collector panels, washing machine parts, welded tubing & pipe for general service etc.

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Mechanically Polished Finishes The following are mechanically produced polished finishes, as well as standard mill finishes. They are also used to produce stainless steel articles and components that require aesthetics. It should be appreciated that factors such as hand polishing vs mechanical polishing, polishing a flat product as against a compontent of complex shape and thickness and composition of material can affect the visual appearance of the final surface. No. 3 Finish This is a ground unidirectional uniform finish obtained with 100120 grit abrasive. It is a good intermediate or starting surface finish for use in such instances where the surface will require further polishing operations to a finer finish after subsequent fabrication or forming. It can also be used as a final finish in certain applications. Typical uses : Architectural components, brewery equipment, food processing, institutional kitchen equipment. No 4 Finish This is a ground unidirectional finish obtained with 120-150 grit abrasive. It is not highly reflective, but is a good general purpose finish on components which will suffer from fairly rough handling in service (eg. restaurant equipment). Typical uses : Appliances, architectural wall panels, beverage equipment, column cladding, dairy equipment, elevator door & interiors, escalator trim, furniture, hospital equipment, instrument or control panels, kitchen equipment, luggage handling equipment, mass transit equipment, restaurant equipment, sinks, sterlizers, store fronts, tankers, etc.

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No.8 Finish A highly reflective finish that is commonly produced on sheet. It is obtained by polishing with rotating cloth mops and polishing soaps / paste constaining fine abrasives. The directionality of polishing may be seen in the sheets. They have a high degree of reflectivity. Typical uses : Architectural parts, press plates, reflectors etc. Special Rolled Finishes Moon Rock, Chequered, Striped, Honeykom, Macromatt, Aqualine, Frondz, Mystique These are typical rolled finishes produced by using an etched roll. Typical uses : Architectural panels, flooring, interior decoration, transport industry etc. Chequered, Striped These are typical finishes obtained by cold rolling using engraved rolls. Typical uses : Architectural panels, flooring, interior decoration, transport industry etc. Dull Finish This is produced by using a specific rough ground roll during skin passing of 2D finish material. It offers a matt surface with least reflectivity. Typical uses : Architectural panels, counter tops, body for kitchen appliances etc. Hairline Finish This unidirectional finish produced by polishing using 120-320 grit abrasives. The line will be continuous and less reflective. Typical uses : Architectural and decorative applications, elevator panels, hospital equipment, instrument panels etc. 34

Stainless Steel : Fabrication guidelines

Welding Selection of Welding processes General guidelines for selection of appropriate method of welding for different type of stainless steels in different thicknesses, keeping in view the advantages and limitations of the welding processes, are given below: Selection of welding processes for stainless steels
Recommended thickness Welding Method mm
Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) > 0.8 Weldability Austenitic Ferritic Martensitic Difficult to weld. Can be welded with care Can be welded with care Can be welded with care Can be welded with care Can be welded with care Difficult to weld Requires special care

Easy to weld Can be welded with care

Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) Submerged Arc Welding (SAW)

< 3.0

Easy to Weld Can be welded with care Easy to Weld Can be welded with care Can be welded with care Can be welded with care

> 3.0

> 6.0

Resistance Spot Welding

< 3.0

Easy to weld Easy to weld

Resistance Seam Welding

< 3.0

Easy to weld Can be welded with care

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Welding Processes of typical applications

Applications Jobs for static loading Jobs for dynamic loading Tanks for storing normal chemicals and less corrosive liquids Tanks meant for highly corrosive liquids Rocks and decorative panels Welding on thin sheets and foils Welding of silencer pipes Welding of small jobs using thin sheets for laboratory or space craft Material Austentic or Ferritic Process recommended Manual metal arc welding MIG welding

Austenitic or Ferritic MIG or TIG Austenitic or Ferritic Manual metal arc welding

Austenitic Ferritc

TIG or MIG Resistance Welding

Austenitic or Ferritc TIG without filler or plasma arc welding Ferritic Spot Welding (resistance) or TIG Welding

Austenitic or Ferritic Plasma arc welding or electron beam welding

Precautions : Welding In welding stainless steels the most important consideration is the retention of corrosion resistance in and around the weld. For good welding a number of factors must be given due consideration which are listed below : - Joint area to be welded, must be clean - Joint area to be free of grease, oil, water, dirt, finger marks. - Even an innoccuous contaminant leads to weld porosity. - Tack correctly to ensure consistent gap-width. - Use good commercial solvent cleaner to clean weld area before welding. - Arc-strikes adjacent to the weld to be avoided.
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Avoid excessive heat input. Weld speed should be fairly rapid. For heavy sections try to fill the joint in several passes. Grind the weld flush. Use stainless steel wire brush. All grinding discs and abrasives must be free of iron. Remove scales either mechanically or chemically by pickling with Nitiric / Hydroflouric acid mixtures. Dont use HYDROCHLORIC acid. Passivate with Nitric acid formulation. Wash thoroughly after passivation. Generally, avoid post-weld heat treatment.

Consumables - Keep electrodes in prime conditions. - Avoid contamination and dampness. - Never strip an electrode of its coating and use it. - Use only specific filler wires and not ordinary stainless steel wires or sheet trimmings. Shielding Gas - Use pure Argon / Argon-Hydrogen mixtures depending on type of welding and thickness. Austenitic Stainless Steels - Good welding properties. - Amenable to all welding processes. - Limit heat input to avoid distortion. - Select filler wire / electrode depending on grades to be welded. Ferritic Stainless Steels (430) - Weldability poor. - Normally use TIG welding process. - Use austenitic electrodes / filler wire. - Prefer stabilised grades for welding applications. 37

Ferritic Stainless Steels (409/409M) - Weldability good. - Amenable to all welding processes. - Use austenitic filler wire / electrodes. - Control heat input to low levels. Martensitic Stainless Steels - Weldability poor. - In case of extreme necessity for welding, pre-heating and post-heat treatment to be resorted to.
Deep Drawing General - For best deep drawing results use annealed material. - To avoid draw marks use self lubricating die inserts. - Lubricants Light Draw : Oil / Vegetable Oils Severe Draw : Emulsion or Paste - Use hydraulic press for precision work Austenitics - Hardness: About HRB 85 - Maximum first stage reduction : 40 - 45% - Inter anneal to avoid excessive work hardening Ferritics - Hardness : About HRB 80 - Maximum first stage reduction : 31-35% - Inter anneal to avoid excessive work hardening - Use warm blanks (100-150OC)
Cleaning of stainless Steel To keep stainless steel clean is to increase its service life. Apart from regular cleaning after fabrication care must also be taken to keep stainless steel clean before and after fabrication. Contamination by contact with mild steel or alloy steel as well as sources of carbon contamination like varnish, paint, wax, marking pens etc., should be avoided. Cutting shears, hold 38

down pads, abrasive cut off wheels, toolings & equipment for roll forming, bending, drawing etc., shall be wiped off to make them free of adherent mild steel particles, oil or grease before use on the surface of stainless steel. The edges of thermally cut stainless steel should be cleaned by machining or grinding to remove surface contamination, particularly iron. Weldments with heat tints also need cleaning which can be done either mechanically, chemically or electrochemically. All weld spatter and flux or slag should be removed by using clean grinding wheels. Weldments should be smooth and passivated after cleaning and grinding. Pickling / Passivation De-scaling, and / or pickling is resorted to, for removal of tightly adhering oxide films resulting from thermal treatments of welding. The scales on stainless steels consist of oxides of Chromium, Nickel and / or other alloying elements in addition to iron. The following points may be kept in mind during pickling / passivation. - Lubricants and other contaminations should be first removed. - In case of metal rich scale use pre-conditioning step like sand shot-blasting. - Use a mixed acid of nitric plus hydroflouric for pickling. - Follow pickling with thorough water wash. - Passivate the stainless steel surface using Nitric acid followed by water rinsing and drying. Effective Cleaning Methods
Condition of Surface 1. Atmospheric and construction dirt. 2. Heavier dirt containing oil or grease Cleaning Agent Soap / detergent and Water Organic solvents like acetone, benzene, xylene Method of Application Sponge or rag. Rinse with water, wipe dry. Sponge or rag. Rinse with clean water, wipe dry. Observe safety rules (goggles, gloves etc)

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Condition of Surface Application

Cleaning Agent

Method of Application Clean cloth or sponge - let stand for 20 min Rinse and repeat if necessary. Observe safety rules (goggles, gloves etc.) Swab or immerse. Observe saftey rules (goggles, gloves etc)

3. Rust discoloration from Commercial pickling other materials pastes, diluted nitric acid (15% by volume)

4. Heat tint or heavy discoloration

5% oxalic acid (warm) 5-15% nitric acid or 5-10% phosphoric acid & follow with neutralizing rinse. 4-6% solution of sodium metasilicate / trisodium phosphate Carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, acetone, kerosene, gasoline, alcohol. Calcium carbonate fine powder, wax-based polish

5. Oil, grease fatty acids (without swabbing) 6. Oil, grease, fatty acids (with swabbing)

No swabbing required.

Rub with cloth. Observe safety rules (goggles, gloves etc.) Rub with cloth.

7. Hand and fingerprint smears.

Dos and Donts While Cleaning - Use the mildest cleaning agent that does the job effectively. - Follow the polishing lines when using abrasive cleaners. - Rinse thoroughly after every cleaning operation. - Wipe dry to avoid water marks - Do not use an ordinary steel scraper or knife to remove dirt. This causes contamination. Use plastic or stainless steel tools. - Do not allow chemicals or bleaching agents to remain in prolonged contact with stainless steel.

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Follow these tips carefully and you can be sure of your stainless steel looking good for years. Installation of stainless steel components Stainless steel, like most other materials, requires minimum cleaning to maintain the original finish. All it takes is a little care during installation and in service. Keep the following points in mind to avoid problems at a later stage. Do not allow steel tools, containers or implements to lie on stainless surfaces. It might lead to galvanic action as a result of iron contamination. Spot passivation at risk areas should be done to keep off any potential corrosion hazards. Make sure it does not come in contact with corrosive chemicals and contaminated elements. This ensures an initial clean passivated surface. If the surface aspects are important, use protective coated stainless steel components. Avoid cross contamination by steel particles, weld spatter, contaminated grit, etc.

Right design and finish for minimum maintenance The kind of finish required depends a great deal on the amount of physical contact the application warrants. a) If there is constant contact, a speical ground finish is ideal. It will not register fingerprints as easily as the more reflective finishes. It can be cleaned vigorously without any danger of its appearance being changed. Further, the finish can be reproduced after fabrication as this is obtained by grinding and polishing.

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b) For areas not subjected to high traffic, use a lesser reflective finish like 2D for aplications in flat areas. The slightly more reflective finish 2B is chosen for highlighting surface like clamp covers, windows, etc. which are normally above ground level. Since 2B and 2D are rolled finishes, they cant be matched by subsequent mechanical finishing. That is why special care should be taken to protect the surface duirng fabrication, transit and erection. c) A textured finish is of great help in maintenance as it offers more protection against scratches dents and fingerprints. In areas such as free standing columns, doors, elevator panels etc, the use of textured stainless steel is recommended. d) In large channels, the smoothest finish provides the desired appearance and rigidity. Use the ground impressions in the vertical direction. If used in horizontal direction, it accumulates more dirt and causes subsequent uneven streaking of lower areas. e) Avoid designs that concentrate flow of water on an exterior surface since this too causes streaking. f) Minimise horizontal surfaces and where necessary, make provisions to drain the dirt. Even joints should be so designed to minimise dirt accumulation. g) Struts and clips made of dissimilar metals should be insulated to prevent bleeding of other metals onto stainless steel. h) Fasteners should be concealed as much as possible for aesthetic reasons. Its level of corrosion resistance should be equal to that of stainless steel. g) Avoid intricate designs. These collect dirt and make cleaning a difficult task. 42

Blanking Line Salem Steel Plant indianised the process of stainless steel blanking, the first of its kind in India. The equipment for the Blanking Line was supplied by the leading manufacturers from Germany. The facilities include high-speed blanking press, rimming machine, annealing, pickling, polishing, counting and packing units. The Royal Mint Services, UK, lent the technical know-how for production and process technology while the detailed engineering was done by the Centre for Engineering and Technology (CET), the inhouse consultants of SAIL. Product Specifications
Product
Coin Blanks Utility Blanks

Grade
SS 430 SS 304 / 430

Dimensions (mm) Dia Thickness

10 - 30 450 max 2.5 max 0.3 to 2.5

* Scissels (by-product) * Note : The dimensions and grades of blanks as well as for scissels depend on the blank size requirement of the mints. The blanks have a host of applications and can be utilised for medallions, commemorative coins and gift items, in addition to coin blanks. Utility blanks / circles find application in washing machines, pressure cookers and similar consumer durables, automobiles components, valve plates, washers etc. The punched out strips called scissels are supplied in the form of coils / strips / cut lengths. Aesthetic and elegant, the scissels have a wide variety of applications and can be used for fencing, as a reinforcement material in thin concrete slabs for cupboard shelves upto 25 mm thickness,bracing material for reinforcement rods in concrete pipes and beams, cable trays in place of mild steel and for architectural applications in building and construction. The strong and sturdy scissels can also be used as conveyor belts for washing and drying utensils and as screens to sort tea in the tea industry. 43

Value Added Products Stainless steel in any form - that you can readily put to use - in short describes the initiative of Salem Steel Plant for supplying of value added products. Kitchenware, kitchen equipment, architectural panelling, cladding and railing, welded pipes and tubes, stainless steel roofing sheets - these are but illustrations of products Salem Steel Plant can supply, the only need being volumes that would justify the valueaddition efforts.
Kitchenware Crafted from the world-class Salem Stainless Steel, the kitchenware from Salem Steel Plant are indeed precious possessions that defy the laws of ageing - they pass on to your future generations with the same gleam and glory. Brightening the meal times forever, SALEM STAINLESS kitchenware are available in various combination sets like 37 piece dinner sets 20 piece dinner sets Travelling sets Casseroles (assorted sizes) Canister sets Cups and saucers Nasta set Bhojan sets Tiffin carriers (assorted sizes) Lunch mates Vacuum Flasks Sharbet set Condiment set

With Salem Stainless, it goes without saying that you have for sure FULL VALUE FOR YOUR MONEY.
Welded Pipes and Tubes Salem Steel Plant undertakes supply of welded stainless steel tubes and pipes on conversion basis. Sourcing SS pipes and tubes from Salem Steel Plant has its advantages, for, you save on all the anxieties about quality of the raw material and the process of manufacture. 44

Manufactured out of SALEM STAINLESS STEEL, through empanelled tube mills, conforming to strict QA regimes, the pipes and tubes guarantee you longer life and trouble free performance. SS pipes and tubes can be supplied by SSP conforming to ASTM A249 / A312 / A358 in a choice of Austenitic and Ferritic grades. Through the framework of empanelled tube mills, we can supply the widest range in diameter ( inch OD to 16 OD) and in the required schedule specification. The next time, when you have a bulk requirement for welded SS pipes and tubes, please dont hesitate to call Salem Steel Plant.
Stainless Steel for Roofing and Buildings Fit-and-Forget, SS roofing sheets from Salem Steel Plant guarantee you freedom from periodic maintenance and replacements besides caught-off guard leakages. Designed to combat corrosion, stainless steel roofing sheets from Salem have a life of over 100 years. You have an option to have a colour coating on the trapezoidal profiled roofing sheets. We can also provide you assorted profiles for you to choose and adopt. Cladding, Railing and Panelling for landmark buildings - Salem Steel Plant can step in and provide you one-stop solutions. All that you need is available with us - the best stainless steel, exotic finishes and dependable fabricators who can translate your ideas into reality. If you are planning your milestone project, we are in fact waiting to take-over all your anxieties on stainless steel fabrication and allow you to relax. Kitchenware equipment for industrial establishments and institutions, liner plates for power plants, door frames, tanks, vessels, solid waste bins, milk cans, bus shelters or any other application Salem Steel Plant can get them fabricated for you. We can assure you anxiety free procurement of stainless steel end products. Please call any of the offices given at the end of this booklet for your requirement of SS value added products. 45

PROCESS FLOW : Hot Rolling Mill

1. Reheating Furnace 2. Descaler 3. Edger

4. Roughing Mill 5. Crop Shear 6. Coiler Furnace

7. Steckel Mill 8. Laminar Cooling 9. Pinch Roll

10. Down Coiler

PROCESS FLOW : Cold Rolling Mill

1. Hot Rolled Coil 2. Coil Buildup Line 3. Annealing & Pickling Line A - Annealing B - Pickling C - Shot Blasting 4, Bell Annealing Furnace

5. Sendzimir Mills 6. Strip Grinding Line 7. Skinpass Mill 8. Shearing Line 9. Slitting Line 10. Coil Inspection & Dividing Line 11. Sheet Grinding & Polishing Line

12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

PVC Coating Unit Sheet Packing Line Stretcher Leveller Resquaring Shear Coil Packing Line Blanking Line

Ordering Information

It is necessary to select the type of stainless steel that is best suited to the intended application. Please give detailed information about both use and service conditions so that we can supply products that fully satisfy your need as regards, price, delivery and product quality. 1. Applicable standards ASTM (designation number), DIN, JIS, IS or other standard specifications. 2. Types of steel ASTM (type number), DIN (WNR), JIS (SUS number) IS etc. 3. Finishes Designation of surface finish. 4. Dimensions Thickness, width and length (in case of cut sheets) 5. Quantity Weight, no. of sheets, if required 6. Delivery time 7. Applications Application, drawing ratio, process of fabrication (with or without annealing) grinding or polishing method, welding method, conditions of use (temperature, pressure, kind of liquid), and others. 8. Special requirements Indicate any special requirements regarding hardness, yield strength, tensile strength etc. The ASTM standard for example, specifies various sheet thickness, width, length and flatness tolerances. Please consult us about specifications that are not standard.
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SSP Marketing Offices

Ahmedabad (079) Bandhan, GHB Complex Near Ankurr Bus Stop, Naranpura Ahmedabad - 380 013. Ph: 27473356 Fax: 27456894 E-Mail: sspam@icenet.net Bangalore (080) III Floor, VISL House, 8 JC Road Bangalore - 560 002. Ph: 22248041 Fax: 22248042 E-Mail: sspblr@bgl.vsnl.net.in Baroda (0265) 302 Heera Panna Towers Behind Alkapuri Arcade RC dutt Road, Baroda - 390 005. Ph: 2341632 Fax: 2335962 E-Mail: sspbrd@sancharnet.in Chennai (044) Red Cross Bldg., 52, Montieth Road Egmore, Chennai - 600 008. Ph: 28512462 / 4493 Fax: 28513208 E-Mail: sspmaa@satyam.net.in Coimbatore (0422) Cheran Towers, 2nd Floor 6/25 Arts College Road Coimbatore - 641 018. Ph: 2218358 Fax: 2214417 E-Mail: cbe_sspcbe@sancharnet.in Hyderabad (040) Taramandal Complex, 9th Floor 5-9-13 Saifabad, Hyderabad - 500 004. Ph: 23234303 Fax: 23241582 E-Mail: ssphyd@satyam.net.in Kochi (0484) GCDA Commercial Complex (3rd Floor) Marine Drive Ernakulam, Kochi - 682 031 Ph: 2360340 Fax: 2381069 E-Mail: sspcochin@vsnl.net Kolkata (033) 97, Park Street Trimurthi Apartments 1st Floor Kolkata - 700 016. Ph: 22272410 / 22274701 Fax: 22171212 E-Mail: ssper@cal.vsnl.net.in Mumbai (022) Swastik Chambers II Floor Sion-Trombay Road Mumbai - 400 071. Ph: 25299487 / 0367 / 570 Fax: 25276121 / 25299757 E-Mail: sspwr@bom5.vsnl.net.in New Delhi (011) 14th Floor, HT House 18-20, Kasturba Gandhi Marg New Delhi - 110 001. Ph: 23329872 Fax: 23720540 E-Mail: sspmnd@del3.vsnl.net.in Pune (020) Veer Savarkar Udyog Bhawan Near Rang Mandir Shivaji Nagar Pune - 411 005. Ph: 25539152 Fax: 25539548 E-Mail: sspunb@pn2.vsnl.net.in

MARKETING HEADQUARTERS SAIL, Salem Steel Plant, Salem - 636 013. Ph: 0427-2382803 / 2382442 Fax: 0427-2383249 E-Mail: sspmkt@sancharnet.in