Next Generation Urban Mobility

Plans
Better Air Quality 2014 &
8th Environmentally
Sustainable Transport Forum

Manfred Breithaupt
Colombo, November 19

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New publication from SUTP:
Urban Mobility Plans:
National Approaches and Local Practice

-  Now available at www.sutp.org

-  Soon as well available in Spanish

and Portuguese language

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… allow to overcome antiquated paradigms in transport planning

Traditional Transport Planning ! Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning

Focus on traffic ! Focus on people
Primary objective: ! Primary objectives:
Traffic flow capacity and speed   Accessibility and quality of life  
Political mandates and planning by ! Important stakeholders are actively involved  
experts   „If you plan for people and places,
Domain of traffic engineers   ! Interdisciplinary planning  
you
Infrastructure as the main topic  
get people and places.“
! Combination of infrastructure, market, services,
information, and promotion  
Investment-guided planning   ! Cost efficient achievement of goals  
„If on
Focus you plan
large and for cars
costly and
projects   traffic,
! Gradual efficiency increase and optimisation  
youimpact
Limited get cars and traffic.“
assessment   ! Intensive evaluation of impacts and shaping of a
learning process  
Source: Rupprecht Consult, quotations b yFred Kent, President of „Project for Public Space“:
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… facilitate the development of a feasible and powerful strategy
to tackle mobility challenges

An Urban Mobility Plan is a planning tool which comprises

objectives and measures oriented towards safe, efficient and
accessible urban transport systems.

"  Can reveal the real challenges a city faces

"  Offers the elaboration of different
development scenarios
"  Preparation process can help diverse
stakeholders to agree on a common vision
for their urban transport system

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… allows for the more efficient use of scarce public funds

Cities can‘t improve everything at the same time!

"  Clear priorities pay off in the short and long-term:

•  Investment priority should be given to public transport, walking, cycling
& integration of different transport modes (Modal integration, transit-
oriented/mixed land-use development)
"  Investment priorities derive from national urban transport
policy and urban mobility planning
"  Capacity development for planning authorities, planning
processes and civic participation pay off!

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 … help to align the development of transport systems with
overarching-policy targets

Transport policy goes hand in hand with energy,

climate and sustainable development goals
•  Economic & social development: transport infrastructures as well as
reliable, safe and affordable mobility services are essential for
sustainable development.
•  Environmental & urban development: transport activities put stress
on on the global environment and urban areas through required space,
road accidents, air pollution etc.
•  Social equity & inclusiveness: Sustainable transport policies and
planning - focussed on the mobility needs of all people (not only car-
drivers) – can reduce social inequalities and allow to make full use of a
country‘s human potential for economic and social development.

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Benefits and Objectives of UMPs

•  Analyse and assess local transport problems and challenges;

•  Identify effective and cost-efficient measures to overcome these
challenges,
•  Understand different development scenarios and policy options;
•  Understand interests and expectations of transport system users;
•  Develop a common vision on urban transport development,
•  Choose and agree an appropriate and feasible set of measures,
•  Prioritise and schedule measures - in line with available budget and
implementation capacities; and
•  Align stakeholder actions and create high acceptance for transport
interventions.
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Guidance for Urban Mobility Planning

"  National Urban Transport Policy + Funding Programs

-  Sets legal requirements in harmony with overarching policy targets
-  Creates incentives for realising “desired” measures & policies
"  Comprehensive and integrated planning regulations
-  subordinated to national transport master planning and policies.
-  includes integrated regional and local mobility and land-use planning with
priority for walking, cycling, public transport and sustainable logistics.
-  Ensure / facilitate stakeholder involvement and civic participation
"  Design and operational guidelines
-  allowing cost-efficient maintenance, high operational reliability and
quality, high safety standards of transport infrastructure and services.

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The chain towards sustainable urban transport systems:

The country‘s sustainable development, climate & energy goals

The country‘s transport policy & strategy – including

the national sustainable urban transport policy

Institutions and a legal framework supporting over-arching

goals
Transport taxation and charging policies
(Where the money comes from?)
Appropriate spending - based on standardized evaluation
criteria & priorities defined in Urban Mobility Plans
(Where the money goes?)

Contraproductive measures, such as funding for private transport through

cheap loans for buying vehicles, too low fuel taxes or even fuel subsidies,
etc. should be avoided.
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UKRAINE – „Transport Master Plans“

The elaboration of a Transport Master Plan follows a strictly regulated

procedure:
1.  The decision on the elaboration of the plan or on its correction by
the city council,
2.  the commitment to provide finance by the city council,
3.  the selection of the contractor via tender,
4.  the preparation of the plan by the contractor,
5.  public hearings following the draft master plan,
6.  review by an authorised institute,
7.  approval of the plan by the city council.

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Regular results:

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 Status Quo

-  Generalist infrastructure-oriented transport planning neglects factual

mobility behaviour and needs
-  Outdated road building norms favour high speeds of motorised
transport
-  no/limited guidance for cycling and public transport integration
-  Public consultation neglected.
BUT: Several Ukrainian cities pro-actively engage for sustainable mobility

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INDIA – Comprehensive Mobility Plans

“A CMP presents a long-term vision of desirable mobility patterns

(people and goods) for a city and provides strategy and policy measures
to achieve this vision. It follows the guidelines set forth by National
Urban transport Plan which emphasizes on NMT measures, PT systems
and sustainable systems”

-  National Urban Transport Policy:

Comprehensive process description, funding
program + national guidance
-  Guidelines for CMPs, revised in 2013

Source: CMP Preparation Toolkit - Guidelines and Toolkits for Urban

Transport Development in Medium Sized Cities in India – MoUD/ADB
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 •  Define working Team work
•  Plan of work
1. Previous •  promotion
organization •  Pre-diagnosis
•  General objectives draft

Elaboration process of a •  Mobility Supply and demand diagnosis.

Comprehensive Urban •  Externalities diagnosis
2. Diagnosis •  SWOT analysis
Mobility Plan •  Identify strategic action zones
•  Strategic actions

•  Specific objectives
3. Comprehensive •  Instruments
Mobility Plan •  Scenarios construction and models
elaboration •  Define strategy
•  Projects and measure selection
•  Financing

4. Aproval and •  Approval and publication

publication •  Political agreement signature

•  Monitoring indicators
5. Monitoring and •  Evaluation
Evaluation •  Corrective measures
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INDIA – Comprehensive Mobility Plans

Initial Problems:
•  A lack of ‘ownership’, understanding and feasibility of CMPs
•  Reason: plans were solely developed by consultancy firms
without wider stakeholder involvement
•  Conseqence: A lack of political priority-setting;
•  “real challenges” like e.g. the lack of pavements and cycling
infrastructure not properly addressed in most CMPs;
•  a lack of proper monitoring and evaluation after project
implementation makes it hard to assess whether or not goals are
achieved;
•  recommendations and mechanisms for periodic revision and
updating a CMP were not sufficiently outlined.
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 BRAZIL – Planos de Mobilidade Urbana

•  New National Policy on Urban Mobility (2012), PlanMob guidelines

currently being revised
•  Massive investments in urban transport (~ USD 55 billion till 2020)
•  New approaches for stakeholder involvement
•  Capacity development Strategy of Min. of Cities

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GERMANY – Transport Development Plans
“Transport development planning is an integrated, forward-looking,
preparation and realisation of decision-making processes with the
purpose of influencing movements of people and goods within a
planning area by structural, constructional, operational, regulatory,
tariff and price political measures towards certain strategic aims.“

-  Long lasting history in traffic and transport

planning
-  Transport development planning allows
coordination of mobility planning with
overarching planning documents, neighboring
communities and relevant stakeholders

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GERMANY – Transport Development Plans

#  “non-obligatory” process - but required for receiving national funds

for large-scale projects and as input for sectoral (obligatory) plans

#  Transport Development Plans required for land-use planning and

as base for further strategic planning documents, such as

"  Local/regional public transport plans

"  Cycling and Walking strategies
"  Commercial transport concepts (Freight plans)
"  Road Safety programmes
"  Noise reduction plans
"  Clean-air plans

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Regional Public Transport Plans

1.  Frameworks Conditions

2.  Rail Based Public Transport
•  Developments of Services
•  Future Development of Services
(Short- term, Long-term Measures)
•  Infrastructure (Stations, Network)
3.  Intermodal Mobility
•  Passenger Information
•  Accessibility
•  Interconnectivity with public
transport, with Individual transport
4.  Safety and Customer Management
5.  Tariff and Marketing
Example
6.  Financing PT in Rhein-Ruhr area
8 million inhabitants
14.11.19 Page 19
 Various reporting tasks, data collection and evaluation processes

Continuous tasks
Strategic-conceptual level Participation &
(periodical and continuous) Information
Data and transport
model update, •  General orientation, aims
reporting •  Analysis, methods, scenarios
•  Strategies, Framework plans and Informing and
concepts Involving politics,
Process administrations,
evaluation Level of measures general public and
(implementation-oriented) specially affected
groups
•  Further Planning documents (public
Evaluation of transport, clean-air plans, etc.)
measures and •  Complexe transport measures
strategies •  Sectoral measures
•  Single measures and projects

Source: „Die neuen Hinweise der Forschungsgesellschaft für Straßen- und Verkehrswesen zur Verkehrsentwicklungsplanung“, fig. 10
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Training on Sustainable Low Carbon Transport | Challenges and Answers - The Berlin Transport Strategy

Example: Integrated Mobility

Structure and Contents Planning in Berlin

Analyses and Forecasts

•  Results and experiences of Guiding Vision
previous strategy (integrated)
•  Long-term overarching objectives, e.g.
-  Energy Aims
-  Climate Protection (12 quality aims, 4 dimensions)

Transport Effects and

Scopes for Action
-  Safeguarding Mobility
•  Guidelines of related policy field Strategy
-  Urban Development ( 7 partial strategies)
-  Environment
Impact Assessment / Evaluation
-  Economy
Measures
•  Framework Conditions
(5 different categories)
-  Population
-  Spatial Structure
Infrastructure
-  Finances
Long-term options

Complex Approaching different aspects individually

Structure: Combining measures in integrated strategic packages
Integrated impact assessment to identify missing topics
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21 Senatsverwaltung für Stadtentwicklung und Umwelt Berlin | VII AbtL. a.D.

 Target-Orientation, Interconnection Example: Integrated Mobility
of strategy and measures: Planning in Berlin

Promotion of
Public Transport,
City Mission Statement 2040 (integrated)

Land Use
walking, cycling
Ecologic
Quality of Life and
Environment Regulatory and
price measures
Supporting
Economic

Strategies

Measures
commercial
Targets

transport
Organisational
Mobility and traffic
management

Social Inner City Concept

Communication

Regional Concept
(Brandenburg)

Institutional
Infrastructure
Intermodality

Source: „Planwerk StEP Verkehr“ (Overview) Page 22

Training on Sustainable Low Carbon Transport | Challenges and Answers - The Berlin Transport Strategy

Example: Integrated Mobility

Integrated Strategy: Overlap of Partial Strategies Planning in Berlin

•  Seven partial strategies form

Environ- Urban Quality the integrated strategy of the
Commercial mental & Quality of transport master plan
Transport Alliance Life
•  Each strategy combines a
bundle of measures including:
Outer -  Urban Space and
City Structure
-  Organisational aspects
-  Pricing policies /
Mobility and regulative measures
Inner
City Traffic -  Improvement of
Management information / motivation
-  Infrastructure

Linked
City

Wider Scope: Not just related to transportation as such

Addresses framework for travel, transport means, external affects
Formulates links to and requirements from other fields of policy

23 Senatsverwaltung für Stadtentwicklung und Umwelt Berlin | VII AbtL. a.D.

EU - Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMP)

“… strategic plan designed to satisfy the mobility needs of people and

businesses in cities and their surroundings for a better quality of life. It
builds on existing planning practices and takes due consideration of
integration, participation, and evaluation principles.”

A guideline for Urban

Mobility Planning in EU

www.mobilityplans.eu

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Key lessons learned
(1)  The key role of national policy frameworks and funding
schemes
(2)  Apply the whole set of Avoid-Shift-Improve measures
(3)  Evaluation and update of policies and planning frameworks on a
regular base
(4)  Use the potential of stakeholder and citizen involvment
(5)  Planning process and implementation of a UMP requires
sufficient capacities and access to funding
(6)  Thoughtful impact assessment and a set of appropriate side
measures can increase the effectiveness of transport
interventions and limit/reduce negative impacts
o  Accuracy and completeness of transport data -data on non-
motorised transport, household surveys
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Potential Building Blocks
… of sustainable urban transport financing

Funding Guidance
National
Programs for cities

2
grants/subsidies
Allocation of

Explore role Coordinate

of provinces
1 responsibilities

Mobilise local Urban Mobility

Local 3
funding options Plans

14.11.19 Page 29
 Main components supported
Various financing options

Amount typically
for different ranges of

Infrastructure

Maintenance

Traffic Man.
Technology

Institutions
transport

Policies
Public
application

involved
Instrument
Parking charges $ x x x x
Road Pricing/congestion charge $$ x x x x x x x
Employer contributions $$ x x x
$$ x
Local

Fare box revenues

Public transport subsidies $ x
Land development/land value taxes $$$ x x
Public private pertnerships $$ x x x x
Advertising $ x x
Fuel taxes/surchages $$$ x x x x x x
National

Vehicle related taxes and charges,

including auctioning of quotas
$$$ x x x x x x

Loans and grants $$ x x

CDM $ x x
Global

GEF $ x x x x x
Multilateral/bilateral climate funds $ x x x x x
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First-hand knowledge on
Sustainable Urban Transport on
www.sutp.org and www.capsut.org
GIZ Sourcebook on Sustainable Urban Transport

•  addresses the key areas of sustainable

transport policy framework
•  consists of over 70 modules, technical
papers and training packages
•  intended for policy-makers and their
advisors

Contact: transport@giz.de

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