PREPARATION OF

CRYSTALS..

NAME:
CLASS :
 THE INDIAN COMMUNITY SCHOOL
KUWAIT
(DEPARTMENT OFCHEMISTRY)

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
CERTIFIED TO BE THE BONAFIDE RECORD OF WORK
DONE BY MISS _______________ OF CLASS IN THE
INDIAN COMMUNITY SCHOOL KUWAIT DURING THE
YEAR 2022-2023

P.G.T IN CHEMISTRY
THE INDIAN COMMUNITY SCHOOL
KUWAIT.

SUBMITTED FOR ALL INDIA SENIOR SECONDARY CERTIFICATE

EXAMINATION IN CHEMISTRY AT THE INDIAN COMMUNITY SCHOOL
,KUWAIT.

DATE: EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Name:
Class:
 DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project entitled
“PREPARATION OF CRYSTALS”submitted to the Indian
Community School,Kuwait is a record of an original
work by me by gaining the knowledge related to the
project from certain resources.
Index
1.CopperSulphate
. Introduction
. Preparation
. Aim
. Materials Required
. Procedure
. Observation
. Health Hazards
. Users

2.Mohr’s Salt

. Introduction
. History
. Aim
. Apparatus Required
. Procedure
. Observation
. Health Hazards
. Users
Copper Sulphate
(CuSO4.5H2O)
Introduction
Copper (II) sulfate, also known as sulfate or copper sulphate , is the
inorganic compound with the chemical formula (CuSO4.5H2O). This
salt exists as a series of compounds that differ in their degree of
hydration. The anhydrous salt is a white powder in its pure form,
whereas the pent hydrate (CuSO4.5H2O), the most commonly
encountered salt, is bright blue. Copper (II) sulfate exothermically
dissolves in water to give the aquo complex [Cu(H2O)6]2+,which has
octahedral molecular geometry and is paramagnetic. Other names for
copper (II) sulfate are “blue vitriol” and bluestone.

Preparation
Copper sulfate is produced industrially by treating copper metal with
hot concentrated sulfuric acid or its oxides with dilute sulfuric acid.
For laboratory use, copper sulfate is usually purchased. Copper
sulfate can also be produced by slowly leaching low grade copper ore
in air, bacteria may be used to hasten the process.
Aim:

To prepare crystals of copper sulphate

Materials Required

. China dish
. Glass rod
. Wash bottle
. Copper sulphate
. Burner
. 250 ml beaker
. Wire gauze
. Tripod stand
. 25 ml water
 Procedure

1. Take a clean beaker (250 ml) and put the powdered impure sample of
copper sulphate in it.
2. Add distilled water and stir the contents gently with the help of a glass
rod.
3. In order to make the solution more clear add two or three drops of
concentrated sulphuric acid in it.
4. Heat the solution in the beaker to 60 -700 C on a wire gauze.
5. Stir it continuously and add more impure copper sulphate until no
more of it dissolves.
6. Filter the solution and collect the filtrate in a china dish.
7. Place the china dish over wire gauze kept over a tripod stand and
heat it gently (do not boil.).
8. As the solution gets heated, stir it with a glass rod. This helps in
uniform evaporation and prevents the formation of a solid crust.

9.When the volume of the solution is reduced to one-half, take out a drop
of the concentrated solution on one end of the glass rod and cool it by
blowing air. Formation ofthin crust indicates that crystallization point is
reached.
10.Turn off the burner, cover the dish with a watch glass, and keep it
undisturbed. As the solution cools down, crystals separate out. Slow
cooling ensures better crystallization.
11.Decant the mother liquor and wash the crystals with a thin stream of
cold water with the help of a wash bottle.
12.Dry the crystals by pressing them gently between sheets of filter paper
Observation
Blue colored crystals of copper sulphate (CuSO4.5H2O) are formed.

Health Hazards

 Inhalation
Causes irritation to the respiratory tract symptoms may include
coughing, shortness of breath.
 Ingestion
Causes irritation to the gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms may include
nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Low toxicity in
small quantities but larger dosages may cause nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea and black stool. Pink urine discoloration is a strong indicator
of iron poisoning. Liver damage, coma and death from iron poisoning
has been recorded.
 Skin contact
Causes irritation to skin. Symptoms include redness itching and pain.
 Eye contact
Causes irritation, redness and pain
Uses

Copper sulfate pentahydrate is a fungicide. However, some fungi are

capable of adapting to elevated levels of copper ions. Mixed with lime
it is called Bordeaux mixture and used to control fungus on grapes,
melons, and other berries.
 Mohr’s salt

[FeSO4.(NH4)2SO4.6H2O]

Materials Required

 Ferrous sulphate
 Ammonium sulphate
 Dil. Sulphuric acid
 Ethyl alcohol
 Distilled water
 Beakers
 China dish
 Funnel
 Glass rod
 Tripod stand
 Wire gauze
 Burner
 Wash bottle
 Measuring jar
 Electronic balance

Procedure

1. We’ll first take 7g ferrous sulphate 3.5g ammonium sulphate in a clean

250ml beaker.
2. To this add about 2-3ml of dil.H2SO4 to prevent the hydrolysis of ferrous
sulphate.
3. In another beaker, boil about 20ml of water for 5 minutes.
4. Add the boiling hot water to the contents in the first beaker in small
quantities at a time.
5. Stir the contents of the beaker with a glass rod until the salts have
completely dissolved.
6. Filter the solution into a china dish.
7. Now heat the solution in the china dish until its crystallisation point is
reached. Then transfer the solution into a crystallising dish and keep it
undisturbed.
8. On cooling, crystals of Mohr’s salt separate.
9. Decant the mother liquor and wash the crystals with a small quantity of
alcohol and then dry the crystals by placing them between filter paper pads.

OBSERVATION
Pale green coloured crystals of Mohr’s salts are formed.
 Health Hazards
 Inhalation
Causes irritation to the respiratory tract symptoms may include
coughing, shortness of breath.
 Ingestion
Causes irritation to the gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms may include
nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Low toxicity in
small quantities but larger dosages may cause nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea and black stool. Pink urine discoloration is a strong indicator
of iron poisoning. Liver damage, coma and death from iron poisoning
has been recorded.
 Skin contact
Causes irritation to skin. Symptoms include redness itching and pain.
 Eye contact
Causes irritation, redness and pain

Uses

In analytical chemistry, this is preferred over other salts of ferrous sulfate

for titration purpose as it is much less prone to oxidation by air to iron (iii).
The oxidation of solutions by iron (ii) is very pH dependent, occurring
much more readily at high pH. The ammonium ions make solutions of
Mohr’s salt slightly acidic, which slows this oxidation process. Sulfuric acid
is commonly added to reduce oxidation to ferric iron.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Comprehensive chemistry
Inorganic chemistry : SK Agarwal
NCERT Chemistry

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