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561 views208 pages

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Sagar A.M

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NETAPP LEARNING SERVICES

ONTAP SAN
Administration

Student Guide
Content Version 3
NetApp Learning Services

ONTAP SAN Administration

Student Guide

Course ID: STRSW-ILT-SANADM

Catalog Number: STRSW-ILT-SANADM-SG

NetApp Learning Services - Do Not Distribute

ATTENTION
The information contained in this course is intended only for training. This course contains information and activities that, while beneficial
for the purposes of training in a closed, non-production environment, can result in downtime or other severe consequences in a production
environment. This course material is not a technical reference and should not, under any circumstances, be used in production
environments. To obtain reference materials, refer to the NetApp product documentation that is located at http://mysupport.netapp.com/.

COPYRIGHT
© 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. Specifications subject to change without notice.
No part of this document covered by copyright may be reproduced in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording, taping, or storage in an electronic retrieval system—without prior written permission of NetApp, Inc.

U.S. GOVERNMENT RIGHTS

Commercial Computer Software. Government users are subject to the NetApp, Inc. standard license agreement and applicable provisions
of the FAR and its supplements.

TRADEMARK INFORMATION
NETAPP, the NETAPP logo, and the marks listed at http://www.netapp.com/TM are trademarks of NetApp, Inc. Other company and
product names may be trademarks of their respective owners.

2 ONTAP SAN Administration: Welcome

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Table of Contents

Welcome......................................................................................................................................................... 1
Module 1: NetApp ONTAP SAN Fundamentals ........................................................................................ 1-1
Module 2: NetApp ONTAP SAN Resource Provisioning .......................................................................... 2-1
Module 3: ONTAP Storage Virtual Machine Administration .................................................................... 3-1
Module 4: SAN Availability and Data Protection ...................................................................................... 4-1
Module 5: Management of NetApp ONTAP SAN Environments .............................................................. 5-1
Appendix A: SAN Migration with Foreign LUN Import ............................................................................ A-1

3 ONTAP SAN Administration: Welcome

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ONTAP SAN Administration
Course ID: STRSW-ILT-SANADM

1 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

4 ONTAP SAN Administration: Welcome

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 Sign in (classroom sessions only)

 Be sure that you have your Student Guide and Exercise Guide
ONTAP SAN  Test your headset and microphone (virtual sessions only)
administration
 Provide yourself with two screens (virtual sessions only)

 Make yourself comfortable—class begins soon

2 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

5 ONTAP SAN Administration: Welcome

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Getting Classroom Virtual
Started Sessions Sessions
• Schedule • Sign-in sheet • Collaboration tools
(start, stop, breaks,
breakout sessions) • Refreshments • Ground rules
Classroom • Phones • Phones and headsets
• Activities and
logistics participation • Alarm signal
• Materials • Evacuation
procedure
• Equipment check
• Electrical safety
• Support

3 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

6 ONTAP SAN Administration: Welcome

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Introductions

Virtual Sessions Classroom Sessions

I am Marc. I am a NetApp partner selling to

Enterprise customers in the medical field…

4 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

7 ONTAP SAN Administration: Welcome

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This course focuses on enabling you to do the following:

• Use a SAN architecture diagram to describe the features of a NetApp

ONTAP cluster

• Demonstrate SAN configuration and LUN provisioning on an ONTAP

cluster
About this • Configure iSCSI, FC, FCoE, and NVMe features and best practice
course recommendations

• Apply ONTAP availability strategies and data protection for LUNs

• Describe SAN performance considerations and SAN-specific

manageability features

• Describe Foreign LUN Import

5 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

8 ONTAP SAN Administration: Welcome

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• Working knowledge of ONTAP 9 software and storage area networking

Course • ONTAP Cluster Fundamentals

prerequisites • ONTAP SAN Fundamentals

• ONTAP Cluster Administration

6 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

9 ONTAP SAN Administration: Welcome

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Day 1
• Module 1: NetApp ONTAP SAN fundamentals

• Module 2: NetApp ONTAP SAN resource

Course agenda provisioning

• Module 3: ONTAP storage virtual machine

administration

7 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

10 ONTAP SAN Administration: Welcome

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Day 2
• Module 4: SAN availability and data protection
Course agenda • Module 5: Management of NetApp ONTAP
SAN environments

• Appendix A: SAN migration with Foreign

LUN Import

8 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

11 ONTAP SAN Administration: Welcome

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Exercise 0 preview Using the Student Exercise Guide, you will
complete the following tasks:

1. Verify that you can log in.

2. Verify connectivity to ONTAP System Manager.

3. Check for any issues with the cluster.

9 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

12 ONTAP SAN Administration: Welcome

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Class equipment

Admin Network
JUMPHOST
192.168.0.x

Cluster Network
DC1 Cluster 1 (2-node HA-Pair)
demo.netapp.com
10.10.10.x

iSCSI Network
e0f
RHEL1 e0g
10.10.20.x

0c,0d

Brocade 6505 (physical) HA = high-availability

10 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

Launch your exercise equipment kit from your laptop or from the classroom desktop. To connect to your exercise
equipment, use Remote Desktop Connection (RDC) or the NetApp Learning Services portal.
The Windows 2016 Server is your windows domain controller for the DEMO windows domain. The Windows Server hosts
the domain DNS server.
Your exercise equipment consists of several servers:
1. One 2-node NetApp ONTAP cluster
2. Two Windows 2016 R2 Servers
3. One Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server

13 ONTAP SAN Administration: Welcome

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• Access your lab equipment.
Use the login credentials that your instructor
provided to you.

• Open your Exercise Guide.

Go to the Exercise for this module.

Complete an exercise • Complete the specified tasks.

Complete Task 1.
Module 0
Checking the Exercise Equipment • Participate in the review session.
• Share your results.
• Report issues.

This exercise requires approximately

20 minutes.

11 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

See your exercise guide.

14 ONTAP SAN Administration: Welcome

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Share your experiences • Do you have questions about your
equipment kit?
Roundtable questions for the
equipment-based exercises • Do you have an issue to report?

12 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

If you encounter an issue, notify your instructor immediately so that the issue can be resolved promptly.

15 ONTAP SAN Administration: Welcome

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Your learning journey
Bookmark these pages

NetApp Learning Services NetApp

• NetApp Learning Services overview • Introduction to NetApp Support

Ensure a successful support experience.
• Find the training that you need.
• Explore certification.
• NetApp Support
Access downloads, tools, and documentation.
• Follow your learning map.
• Customer Success Community
• NetApp Learning Services Community Engage with experts.
Join the discussion.
• NetApp Knowledge Base
• NetApp Learning Services support Access a wealth of knowledge.
Contact the support team.

13 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

The NetApp Learning Services overview page is your front door to learning. Find training that fits your learning map and
your learning style, learn how to become certified, link to blogs and discussions, and subscribe to the NetApp newsletter
Tech OnTap. http://www.netapp.com/us/services-support/university/index.aspx
The NetApp Learning Services Community page is a public forum for NetApp customers, partners, and employees.
NetApp Learning Services welcomes your questions and comments.
https://community.netapp.com/t5/NetApp-Learning-Services/ct-p/netapp-university
The NetApp Learning Services Support page is a self-help tool that enables you to search for answers to your questions
and to contact the NetApp Learning Services support team. https://netapp.service-now.com/learningcenter/
Are you new to NetApp? If so, register for the New to NetApp video series to acquaint yourself with the facts and tips that
help to ensure that you have a successful support experience.
https://mysupport.netapp.com/site/info/new2support
The NetApp Support page is your introduction to all products and solutions support: http://mysupport.netapp.com. Search
for products, downloads, tools, and documentation or link to the NetApp Support Community
https://community.netapp.com/t5/Products-and-Services/ct-p/products-and-solutions
Join the Customer Success Community to ask support-related questions, share tips, and engage with other users and
experts. https://forums.netapp.com/
Search the NetApp Knowledge Base to use the accumulated knowledge of NetApp users and product experts.
https://kb.netapp.com/support/index?page=home

16 ONTAP SAN Administration: Welcome

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Module 1
NetApp ONTAP SAN
fundamentals

1 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

1-1 ONTAP SAN Administration: NetApp ONTAP SAN Fundamentals

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This module focuses on enabling you to do the following:

• Use a SAN architecture diagram to describe the features of a

NetApp ONTAP based system

• Define NVMe and how it is configured in an ONTAP environment

About this module • List the ONTAP components that are integrated in a SAN
environment

• Illustrate how an ONTAP cluster can scale to its maximum

configuration

• Identify the minimum and maximum volumes, LUNs, and nodes in

the supported configurations

2 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

1-2 ONTAP SAN Administration: NetApp ONTAP SAN Fundamentals

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Lesson 1
Introduction to SAN

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1-3 ONTAP SAN Administration: NetApp ONTAP SAN Fundamentals

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NAS and SAN

CIFS NFS iSCSI FCoE FC NVMe

CIFS NFS

Corporate
LAN

A storage system with

both NAS and SAN Ethernet
storage is a “unified
FC or NVMe over
storage system.”
FC (NVMe over Fibre
FAS or AFF
Channel (NVMe/FC))

Network-Attached Storage (NAS) Storage Area Network (SAN)

File-level access Block-level access

4 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

Operating systems and applications request data at either the [1] file level or the [2] block level:
 Network-attached storage (or NAS) provides file-level access to data on a storage system. Data is accessible from a
network that uses ONTAP services. These services include [3] Common Internet File System (or CIFS), which is a
dialect of Server Message Block (SMB) and [4] Network File System (NFS). In a NAS environment, [5] ONTAP
controls the file system.
 A storage area network (SAN) provides block-level access to data, typically in units of 512 bytes. SAN solutions can
use the [6] iSCSI, [7] FCoE, [8] FC, and NVMe over Fabrics (NVMe-oF) protocols. In a SAN environment, the [9] host
operating system controls the file system.
 [10] A storage system that includes both NAS and SAN protocols is called a “unified storage system.”
This course focuses on the use of SAN protocols to access block data.

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SAN terminology
SAN host

Host (client)

A host is a computer system that accesses data on a

storage controller. The host can be either a physical ONTAP based system (server)
system or a virtual machine (VM).

FAS drives

5 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

1-5 ONTAP SAN Administration: NetApp ONTAP SAN Fundamentals

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SAN terminology
SAN node

Host (client)

An ONTAP SAN node is a single storage controller that

is usually one member of a high-availability (HA) pair. ONTAP based system (server)
FAS, AFF, or FlexArray storage
virtualization software

Drives

6 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

1-6 ONTAP SAN Administration: NetApp ONTAP SAN Fundamentals

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SAN terminology
SAN port

TCP/IP FC
Driver iSCSI Driver
Driver
SCSI Driver

A SAN port is a physical jack on a storage controller

that usually connects to a network or fabric switch. Ethernet
FC Port
Two port types are shown: FC and Ethernet. A port Port
can host more than one LIF.
e0a 0a

7 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

1-7 ONTAP SAN Administration: NetApp ONTAP SAN Fundamentals

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SAN terminology
LIFs

Data SVM
LIFs are virtualized interfaces that are assigned to storage virtual
machines (SVMs). SAN data LIFs have the following qualities:

Cluster Interconnect

HA Pair
• Are assigned a home node and port LIF1

• Are single-protocol (FC, iSCSI, or NVMe)

LIF2
• Do not fail over LIF1

• Can be moved (offline) to different ports or nodes

HA Pair
LIF2
• Can be grouped into port sets

Data SVM

8 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

SAN data LIFs do not migrate or fail over as NAS data LIFs do. However, the SAN data LIFs can be moved to another
node or port in the SVM.
To move a data LIF with SAN protocols, use the network interface modify command:
1. To view the current status of a LIF, use the network interface show command.
2. Change the administrative status of the LIF to down (offline).
3. Use the network interface modify command to change the location of the LIF to a new node or port.
4. Change the status admin of the LIF to up (online).
5. Verify the changes by using the network interface show command.
NOTE: Although the LIFs must be offline to move, if they are configured by using NetApp best practices, the host
continues to serve data nondisruptively.

1-8 ONTAP SAN Administration: NetApp ONTAP SAN Fundamentals

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• SCSI is a set of standards for physically
connecting and transferring of data between hosts
and peripheral devices, such as hard drives or
tape drives.

• The SCSI protocol defines communication

between an initiator and target as follows:
• The initiator sends a command.
SCSI definition • The target sends back a response.

LUNs
Target
Initiator

iSCSI, FC, and FCoE are based on the

SCSI protocol.

9 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

1-9 ONTAP SAN Administration: NetApp ONTAP SAN Fundamentals

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• NVM Express (NVMe) or Non-Volatile Memory
Host Controller Interface Specification
(NVMHCIS) is an open logical device interface
specification for accessing NVMEM that is
attached through a Peripheral Component
Interconnect Express (PCIe) bus.

NVMe definition • NVMe capitalizes on the low latency and internal

parallelism of solid-state devices.

• NVMe over Fabrics (NVMe-oF) is a transport

protocol that connects to remote NVMe devices
over a network.

• These standards enable connectivity over

Ethernet networks or FC fabrics.

10 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Protocol transport examples

Protocol: A set of rules for exchanging information between computers

• NFS, iSCSI, FC, FCoE, and
NVMe are examples of protocols.
• The FC protocol uses FC LIFs. Operating system or application
FCoE and iSCSI use Ethernet LIFs. SCSI NVMe
NVMe can use either FC or
Ethernet LIFs. iSCSI FCP NVMe/FC
• ONTAP based storage systems
currently support NVMe/FC.
TCP
IP FCoE
Ethernet FC

11 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

LUNs on a NetApp storage system can be accessed through either of the following:
 An FC SAN fabric that uses the Fibre Channel Protocol
 An Ethernet network that uses either the FCoE protocol or the iSCSI protocol
In all cases, the transport portals (FC, FCoE, or iSCSI) carry encapsulated SCSI commands as the data transport
mechanism.
Similarly, an NVMe namespace can be accessed through an FC SAN fabric that uses the NVMe-oF protocol or through
an Ethernet network that uses the NVMe protocol.

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Naming conventions

FC Protocol iSCSI Protocol NVMe-oF Protocol

iSCSI Qualified Name (IQN) or

Worldwide port name (WWPN) NVMe Qualified Name (NQN)
Enterprise Unique Identifier (EUI)

LUN LUN Namespace

Initiator group (igroup) Initiator group (igroup) Subsystem

Asymmetric logical unit access Asymmetric namespace access

Asymmetric logical unit access (ALUA)
(ALUA) (ANA)

12 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

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ONTAP SAN components

• Aggregate

• SVM
Components common to
• Volume NAS and SAN

• LIF

• LUN or namespace

• Initiator group or subsystem

Components that are unique to
• ALUA or ANA SAN environments

• WWPN or IQN or NQN

13 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

The first four components listed are also used in NAS environments, so they should be familiar. For SAN environments,
several new components have been introduced.

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LUN and namespace

Logical Blocks: 512 bytes in a LUN

4KB in a namespace

≈
A LUN and a namespace each represent an array
of data blocks that are presented to a host.

LUN or
Hard Disk
Namespace

14 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

Spinning hard drives are accessed by specifying the cylinder, head, track, and sector where the data resides.
In direct memory access, memory (NVMe storage) is accessed with a logical block address (LBA), starting at 0 and going
up to (n-1).
Because data is accessed in 4k blocks, a 4-MB namespace has 1024 LBAs, 0000x – 03FFx.

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Initiator group and subsystem

An igroup and a subsystem are a collection of addresses (WWPNs, IQNs, or NQNs) that are enabled to
communicate with LUNs on an SVM.

LUN
LUN0 svm_a
Mapping
Host A WWPN LUN1
FC LUN2
Host A
igroup1
LUN
Host B IQN Mapping LUN0
iSCSI LUN1

Host B
igroup2
svm_b
Namespace0
Namespace1
NVMe Host C NQN
Namespace Namespace2
ID
Host C
subsystem3

15 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

A LUN in ONTAP software is a logical representation of an attached SCSI drive. As was mentioned, SAN is often called
“block-based storage.” The “block” refers to the logical blocks that the host writes to, just as it would write to an attached
SCSI drive. Traditionally, the logical blocks are 512 bytes per sector.
Drive manufacturers have started to use 4,096-byte (4KB) sectors, called Advanced Format, in new drive geometry.
Currently, ONTAP LUNs use the SCSI standard of 512 bytes per sector.

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Lesson 2
SAN scalability and
maximums

16 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

1-16 ONTAP SAN Administration: NetApp ONTAP SAN Fundamentals

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The “SAN Administration Guide” describes basic SAN
host provisioning for iSCSI, FC and NVMe protocols.

The “SAN Configuration Guide” describes supported

NVMe/FC, FC, iSCSI, and FCoE topologies for
SAN documentation connecting host computers to nodes and lists
supported limits for SAN components.

• Released with each version of ONTAP software

• Available in the ONTAP 9 Documentation Library

17 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

The “SAN Administration Guide” shows you how to configure and manage LUNs, igroups, and targets that use the iSCSI
and FC protocols and namespaces and subsystems using the NVMe over Fibre Channel (NVMe/FC) protocol.

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SAN Administration Guide use
High-level contents

18 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

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SAN Configuration Guide use
High-level contents

19 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

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• Technical Report 4080: Best Practices for
Scalable SAN in ONTAP 9
• TR-4080 provides an overview of block protocols in ONTAP
9 software and best practice recommendations.

• Technical Report 4684: Implementing and

SAN technical reports Configuring Modern SANs with NVMe/FC
• TR-4684 focus es on building m odern SANs on NVMe over
Fa brics , es pecia lly NVMe over FC (NVMe/ FC).

• Ava ila ble on NetApp Field Porta l

20 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

https://www.netapp.com/us/media/tr-4080.pdf
https://www.netapp.com/us/media/tr-4684.pdf
Many more documents are at the following link:
https://www.netapp.com/us/documentation/index.aspx

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• NetApp Hardware Universe is an online resource.

• Hardware Universe provides detailed technical

specifications for all NetApp hardware systems,
including the following: FAS, FlexArray, AFF,
NetApp H-series, SolidFire, ONTAP-V, NetApp
E-Series, SA Series, NetApp Cloud Backup
Hardware Universe (formerly AltaVault), and StorageGRID.

• Specifications include the following

(among other information):
• Minimum and maximum OS versions
• Minimum and maximum storage capacity
• Power requirements
• Chassis physical characteristics

21 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

1-21 ONTAP SAN Administration: NetApp ONTAP SAN Fundamentals

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Maximum object counts

AFF A800
Specifications
• Hardware Universe includes the following
ONTAP 9.8 software
object count maximums:
• Volumes System Maximums and Limits
• LUNs
Maximum storage devices
• LIFs per port 240 (drives)
(high availability)
• SVMs
• Namespaces Platform Maximum and Limits Configuration: High Availability

SAN limits Scope: HA pair

Maximum number of LUNs 24,576

NVMe/FC limits Scope: HA pair

Maximum number of
256
namespaces

22 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

The example shown is for an AFF A800, which is an enterprise class system. Smaller systems should be expected to
have lower maximums.

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Knowledge check

23 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

1-23 ONTAP SAN Administration: NetApp ONTAP SAN Fundamentals

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Knowledge check

An NVMe storage object is called which of the following?

a. LUN

b. Binary large object (BLOB)

c. Namespace

d. Datastore

24 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

1-24 ONTAP SAN Administration: NetApp ONTAP SAN Fundamentals

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Knowledge check

Which NVMe object in ONTAP contains NQNs for a host?

a. Subsystem

b. Asynchronous Namespace Access

c. Namespace

d. Initiator group

25 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Exercise 1 preview Using the Student Exercise Guide, you will
complete the following tasks:
1. Examine licenses and SAN-specific hardware
2. Discover SAN objects in ONTAP System Manager.

26 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

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• Access your lab equipment.
Use the login credentials that your instructor
provided to you.

• Open your Exercise Guide.

Go to the Exercise for this module.

Complete an exercise • Complete the specified tasks.

• Start with Task 1.
Module 1
• Stop at the end of Task 2.
Configuring Initial Settings
• Participate in the review session.
• Share your results.
• Report issues.

This exercise requires approximately

20 minutes.

27 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Share your experiences • Do you have questions about your
equipment kit?
Roundtable questions for the
equipment-based exercises • Do you have an issue to report?

28 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

If you encounter an issue, notify your instructor immediately so that the issue can be resolved promptly.

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• Documentation
• ONTAP 9 SAN Administration Guide
• ONTAP 9 SAN Configuration Guide
• ONTAP 9 FC SAN Optimized AFF Setup Guide
• All SAN Array Software Configuration
• FC Configuration Guides (ESXi, Red Hat Enterprise Linux,
References Microsoft Windows)
• iSCSI Configuration Guides (ESXi, Red Hat Enterprise
Linux, Microsoft Windows)

• Technical Reports and FAQ

• TR-4080: Best Practices for Modern SAN and ONTAP 9
• TR-4684: Implementing and Configuring Modern SANs
with NVMe/FC

29 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

ONTAP 9 Documentation: http://docs.netapp.com/ontap-9/index.jsp

TR-4080: https://fieldportal.netapp.com/content/196096?assetComponentId=196194
Scalable SAN in ONTAP 9 Technical FAQ: https://fieldportal.netapp.com/content/310608?assetComponentId=311172
TR-4684: https://fieldportal.netapp.com/content/752801?assetComponentId=754285

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This module focused on enabling you to do the following:

• Use a SAN architecture diagram to describe the features of a

NetApp ONTAP cluster

• Define NVMe and how it is configured in an ONTAP environment

Module summary • List the ONTAP components that are integrated in a SAN
environment

• Illustrate how an ONTAP cluster can scale to its maximum

configuration

• Identify the minimum and maximum volumes, LUNs, and nodes in

the supported configurations

30 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

1-30 ONTAP SAN Administration: NetApp ONTAP SAN Fundamentals

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Module 2
NetApp ONTAP SAN
resource provisioning

1 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

2-1 ONTAP SAN Administration: NetApp ONTAP SAN Resource Provisioning

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This module focuses on enabling you to do the following:

• Demonstrate volume and LUN space efficiency configurations

About this module in a SAN environment

• Explain the best practices of both volume and LUN thin

provisioning in a SAN environment

2 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

2-2 ONTAP SAN Administration: NetApp ONTAP SAN Resource Provisioning

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Lesson 1
Volume and LUN provisioning

3 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

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• NetApp ONTAP software provides three basic
volume-provisioning options:
• Thin provisioning

Volume and LUN

• Thick provisioning
• Semi-thick provisioning
provisioning options • LUNs can be one of the following:
• Non-space-reserved with thin volume provisioning
• Space-reserved with thick volume provisioning
• Space-reserved with semi-thick volume provisioning

4 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

Volumes and LUNs provide a set of configuration options that determines how the volumes and LUNs use and provide
space. Use the right combination of LUN and volume configurations for your environment.

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Thin provisioning for volumes

• Thin provisioned volumes do not have any extra space reserved when the volume is created.

• Space is requested when data is written to the volume.

• If you use thin provisioning, it is possible to overcommit the aggregate.

• When the aggregate runs out of free space, the volume might not be writable.

• To make a volume that is thin-provisioned, set its -space-slo

(service level objective) parameter to none.

cluster1::*> vol create –vserver svm01 -volume vol_01 -aggregate

cluster1_01_SSD_1 -size 5G -space-slo none

5 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

When a thinly provisioned volume is created, ONTAP software does not reserve any extra space when the volume is
created. As data is written to the volume, the volume requests the storage that it needs from the aggregate to
accommodate the write operation. Using thin-provisioned volumes enables you to overcommit your aggregate, which
introduces the possibility of the volume not being able to secure the space that it needs when the aggregate runs out of
free space.

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Non-space-reserved LUNs

aggr1
Space is not reserved for
Characteristics of non-space-reserved LUNs with thin the volume in the aggregate
volume provisioning: at creation.

+ Have greater storage efficiency

+ Enable free space to be shared between LUNs

+ Consume only the space that they need

- Must be monitored closely in their environment to ensure Space is not reserved for
that they do not run out of space and go offline the LUN in the volume at
vol1 creation.

LUN space is equal to the

lun1/data amount of data that is being
consumed.

6 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

If you do not allocate the storage for a FlexVol volume or a LUN up front, you might overcommit the storage object that
supplies the volume or LUN storage. Overcommitting a storage object can increase your storage efficiency, but
overcommitment also requires that you actively monitor your free space to prevent writes from failing due to lack of space.
A storage object is said to be overcommitted if the objects to which it supplies storage are collectively larger than the
amount of physical storage that it can currently supply. For example, suppose that you have three FlexVol volumes with
“none” guarantees and they are associated with a 100TB aggregate. If each of the FlexVol volumes has a nominal size of
40TB, the aggregate is overcommitted. Each of the volumes can continue to receive data provided that, collectively, their
physical storage requirement is not more than 100TB. This situation is possible only if the volumes have a volume
guarantee of “none” (they are thin-provisioned). If all the volumes have a volume guarantee of “volume,” you cannot
create the third volume.
Similarly, you can overcommit a volume that contains more than one LUN if the LUNs are not space-reserved.
The ability to overcommit the supplying storage object is the promise that is offered by not preallocating storage for an
object up front. However, overcommitment requires that you manage the supply of physical storage resources carefully to
avoid running out of free space. You must manage storage in any configuration. However, if your supplying storage object
is overcommitted, you can run out of free space by issuing a write to space that appears to have been allocated.

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Thick provisioning for volumes

• Thick provisioned volumes are allocated sufficient space from the aggregate to ensure that any block can be
written to at any time.

• Storage efficiency capabilities, such as compaction, compression, and deduplication, can be used to offset
the larger upfront storage requirements.

• To configure a thick provisioned volume, use the -space-slo thick option.

cluster1::*> vol create –vserver svm01 -volume vol_01 -aggregate

cluster1_01_SSD_1 -size 5G -space-slo thick

7 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

When a thick-provisioned volume is created, ONTAP sets aside enough storage from the aggregate to ensure that any
block in the volume can be written to at any time. When you configure a volume to use thick provisioning, you can employ
any of the ONTAP storage efficiency capabilities, such as compression and deduplication, to offset the larger upfront
storage requirements.
Setting the -space-slo option to thick ensures the following:
 The entire volume is preallocated in the aggregate. You cannot use the volume create or volume
modify command to configure the volume's -space-guarantee option.
 100% of the space that is required for overwrites is reserved. You cannot use the volume modify command to
configure the volume's -fractional-reserve option.

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Space-reserved LUNs

aggr1
Space is reserved for the
Characteristics of space-reserved LUNs with volume in the aggregate
thick volume provisioning: at creation.
+ Guarantee space for the LUN
+ Require less monitoring
+ Are good for small installations
- Are the least efficient configuration

Characteristics of space-reserved LUNs with Space is reserved for the

semi-thick volume provisioning: LUN in the volume at
vol1
+ Make “best effort” space for the LUN creation.
lun1
+ Are good for large databases
- Might cause Snapshot copies to overcommit lun1/data Space that is consumed
data by data might be less
than was provisioned.

8 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

You should understand how the space reservations setting and the volume guarantee affect how space is set aside for
LUNs. If you understand how space is set aside, you can better understand when space is set aside for your LUNs.
Certain combinations of LUN and volume settings do not work together.
When a LUN has space reservations enabled, and its containing volume has a volume guarantee: free space from the
volume is set aside for the LUN at creation time. The size of the LUN determines the size of the reserved space. Other
storage objects in the volume (such as other LUNs, files, and Snapshot copies) are prevented from using the space.
When a LUN has space reservations disabled (a non-space-reserved LUN), no space is set aside for that LUN at creation
time. The amount of space that is required for a write operation to the LUN is allocated from the volume when it is needed
if sufficient free space is available.
If a space-reserved LUN is created in a none-guaranteed volume, the LUN behaves the same as a non-space-reserved
LUN. The LUN behaves that way because a none-guaranteed volume has no space that it can allocate to the LUN. The
volume itself can allocate space only as it is written to, due to its none guarantee. For this reason, creating a space-
reserved LUN in a none-guaranteed volume is not recommended. Using this configuration combination might seem to
provide write guarantees that are impossible.

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• When a volume that uses semi-thick
provisioning is created, ONTAP software sets
aside enough space to account for the
volume size.

• If a semi-thick provisioned volume is using

block-sharing technology (Snapshot copies,
FlexClone files, or FlexClone LUNs), the volume
might start to run out of free space in the active
Semi-thick provisioning file system.

for volumes • ONTAP software tries to increase free space by

deleting Snapshot copies.

• If ONTAP software can delete Snapshot copies

fast enough to keep pace with the space
required for overwrites, the write operations
continue to succeed.

• A semi-thick provisioned volume is created with

the -space-slo semi-thick option.

9 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

When a volume using semi-thick provisioning is created, ONTAP sets aside storage space from the aggregate to account
for the volume size. If the volume is running out of free space because blocks are in use by block-sharing technologies,
ONTAP tries to delete protection data objects (Snapshot copies and FlexClone files and LUNs) to free up the space that
they are holding. If ONTAP can delete the protection data objects fast enough to keep pace with the space that is required
for overwrites, the write operations continue to succeed. This process is called a “best effort” write guarantee.
Setting the -space-slo option to semi-thick ensures the following:
 The entire volume is preallocated in the aggregate. You cannot use the volume create or volume
modify command to configure the volume's -space-guarantee option.
 No space is reserved for overwrites. You can use the volume modify command to configure the volume's -
fractional-reserve option.
 Automatic deletion of Snapshot copies is enabled.

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Volume provisioning comparison

Thin provisioning Thick provisioning Semi-thick provisioning

• ONTAP software does not ONTAP software sets aside • ONTAP software sets aside
reserve any extra space when enough storage from the aggregate storage space from the aggregate
the volume is created. to ensure that any block in the to account for the volume size.
• The volume requests the storage volume can be written to at any • If the volume is running out of free
time.
that it needs from the aggregate space, ONTAP software tries to
as data is written. delete protection data objects to
• This option enables the increase free space.
aggregate space to be
overcommitted.
• This option cannot be used
with ONTAP storage
• These options can be used with the storage efficiency capabilities efficiency capabilities:
of ONTAP software: • Compression
• Compression • Deduplication
• Deduplication

10 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

ONTAP provides three basic options for provisioning volumes. Each option uses different ways to manage the volume
space and the space requirements for ONTAP block-sharing technologies. Understanding how the options work enables
you to select the best option for your environment.
Thin provisioning for volumes
When a thin provisioned volume is created, ONTAP software does not reserve any extra space. As data is written to the
volume, the volume requests the storage that it needs from the aggregate to accommodate the write operation. Using thin
provisioned volumes enables you to overcommit your aggregate. However, if the aggregate is overcommitted, the volume
might not be able to secure the space that it needs when the aggregate runs out of free space.
Thick provisioning for volumes
When a thick provisioned volume is created, ONTAP software sets aside enough storage from the aggregate to ensure
that any block in the volume can be written to at any time. When you configure a volume to use thick provisioning, you can
employ the storage efficiency capabilities of ONTAP software, such as compression and deduplication, to offset the larger
upfront storage requirements.
Semi-thick provisioning for volumes
When a volume that uses semi-thick provisioning is created, ONTAP software sets aside storage space from the
aggregate to account for the volume size. If the volume is running out of free space, ONTAP software tries to delete
protection data objects (Snapshot copies, FlexClone files, and FlexClone LUNs) to free the space that they are holding. If
ONTAP software can delete the protection data objects fast enough to keep pace with the space that is required for
overwrites, the write operations continue to succeed. This situation is called a "best effort“ write guarantee.
You cannot employ storage efficiency technologies such as deduplication and compression on a volume that is using
semi-thick provisioning.

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LUN types

SCSI thin provisioned NetApp Thin Provisioned NetApp Fully Provisioned

Characteristics of a T10 Characteristics of a LUN for which Characteristics of a LUN for which
SCSI standard space reservations are disabled space reservations are enabled

• Is sometimes called • Is sometimes called • Is sometimes called

T10 thin provisioning non-space-reserved space-reserved

• Enables host applications to • Can be created in one of • Is the default setting when creating
support SCSI features, including two ways: a LUN
the following: • In NetApp ONTAP System
• LUN space reclamation Manager, select
thin provisioning.
• LUN space monitoring
• Use the -space-reserve
• Is enabled in ONTAP software command line option.
by using the
-space-allocation option

11 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

The definition of a “thin provisioned LUN” change, depending on the context. The T10 SCSI standard uses one definition.
Historically, NetApp has used a different definition.
SCSI thin provisioned LUNs
The T10 SCSI standard defines two types of LUNs: Thin provisioned LUNs and fully provisioned LUNs. ONTAP supports
both types of T10-standard LUNs.
SCSI thin provisioning (sometimes called T10 thin provisioning) is a set of SCSI features and capabilities that ONTAP
software supports. The SCSI host software must support these SCSI features. SCSI thin provisioning enables host
applications to support SCSI features, including LUN space reclamation and LUN space monitoring capabilities for block
environments.
If your host software supports SCSI thin provisioning, you can use it with space-reserved and non-space-reserved LUNs
and with any volume provisioning type. You use the ONTAP space-allocation setting to enable SCSI thin provisioning on a
LUN.
NetApp thin provisioned (non-space-reserved) LUNs
Historically, NetApp has used the term “thin provisioned LUN” to mean a LUN for which space reservations are disabled
(a non-space-reserved LUN). A non-space-reserved LUN shares some important characteristics with a thin provisioned
volume. Its storage is allocated as it is used, rather than at creation time, and its containing storage object can be
overcommitted. The term “non-space-reserved LUN” is used for this configuration.
If you create a LUN in ONTAP System Manager and select the thin provisioning checkbox, you are creating a non-space-
reserved LUN.
When a LUN has space reservations enabled (a space-reserved LUN, the default setting) and its containing volume has a
volume guarantee, free space from the volume is set aside for the LUN at creation. The size of the LUN determines the
size of the reserved space. Other storage objects in the volume (such as other LUNs, files, and Snapshot copies) are
prevented from using the space.

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Configuration recommendations

Non-Space-Reserved Space-Reserved LUNs Space-Reserved LUNs

LUNs with thin with Thick provisioned with Semi-Thick
provisioned volumes volumes provisioned volumes
Benefits: Benefits: Benefits:
• Storage efficiency and data • All writes are guaranteed. • Less space is reserved up front
protection technologies are not • You do not need to monitor your than for thick volume provisioning.
restricted. free space. • A best-effort write guarantee is
• Space is allocated only as it • Storage efficiency and data still provided.
is used. protection technologies are not
restricted. Costs and limitations:
Costs and limitations:
• Writes can fail.
• Writes are not guaranteed. Costs and limitations:
• You cannot rely on the retention
• Free space must be managed. Space equal to twice the LUN of data protection objects.
size is allocated at creation. • Storage efficiency capabilities
are restricted.

12 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

There are specific combinations of FlexVol volume and LUN configurations that you can use, depending on your
application and administration requirements. Understanding the costs and benefits of the combinations can help you to
determine the right volume and LUN configuration combination for your environment.
Non-space-reserved LUNs with thin volume provisioning
Benefits:
 There are no restrictions on storage efficiency and data protection technologies on the volume.
 Space is allocated only as it is used.
Costs and restrictions:
 Writes are not guaranteed. If the volume runs out of free space, LUNs go offline.
 You must manage the free space in the aggregate effectively to prevent the aggregate from running out of free space.
Space-reserved LUNs with thick volume provisioning
Benefits:
 All writes are guaranteed. LUNs do not go offline due to insufficient space.
 You do not need to monitor your free space.
 There are no restrictions on storage efficiency and data protection technologies on the volume.
Costs and limitations:
 Enough space must be set aside from the aggregate up front to support the thick provisioned volume.
 Space equal to twice the size of the LUN is allocated from the volume at LUN creation time.
Space-reserved LUNs with semi-thick volume provisioning
Benefits:
 Less space is reserved up front than for thick volume provisioning.
 A best-effort write guarantee is still provided.

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Costs and restrictions:
 Writes can fail with this option. You can mitigate this risk by properly balancing free space in the volume against data
volatility.
 You cannot rely on retention of data protection objects such as Snapshot copies and FlexClone files and LUNs.
 You cannot use ONTAP block-sharing storage efficiency capabilities that cannot be automatically deleted, including
deduplication, compression, and offloaded data transfer (ODX), also known as copy offload.

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Volume provisioning summary

Volume LUN or File space Storage

Overwrites Protection Data2
Provisioning reservations Efficiency3
Thick Supported Guaranteed1 Guaranteed Supported

Thin No effect None Guaranteed Supported

Semi-thick Supported Best effort1 Best effort Not supported

1. To guarantee overwrites or provide best-effort overwrite assurance, you must enable space reservations on
the LUN or file.

2. Protection data includes Snapshot copies, FlexClone files, and FlexClone LUNs that are marked for
automatic deletion (backup clones).

3. Storage efficiency capabilities include deduplication, compression, any FlexClone files, LUNs that are not
marked for automatic deletion (active clones), and FlexClone subfiles (copy offload).

13 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

The table on this slide summarizes the major differences between the three volume provisioning options.

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Configuration selection

Do you want to Space

optimize for write utilization Non-space-reserved The administrator is
guarantees or
LUN with thin volume responsible for managing free
for space provisioning space to avoid write failures.
utilization?

Can you
Write accept a
guarantees “best-effort” write No Space-reserved LUN
Writes are guaranteed to
guarantee for with thick volume
succeed.
some space provisioning
savings?

ONTAP makes a best

Space-reserved LUN effort to make space to
Yes with semi-thick volume service writes: storage
provisioning efficiency feature use is
restricted.

14 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

Answering a few basic questions about your environment can help you to determine the best FlexVol volume and LUN
configuration for the environment.
You can optimize your LUN and volume configurations for maximum storage utilization or for the security of write
guarantees. You must select the optimization that makes the most sense for your installation, based on your requirements
for storage utilization and your ability to monitor and replenish free space quickly.

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Volume size calculation

What is the estimated Rate of Change

LUN Size (ROC) per day for the data?
How much data do
you need to store?
How many days’ worth of Snapshot copies
do you intend to keep? Remember: Some data
protection mechanisms
Are you Yes require Snapshot copies:
Calculate the amount of data in a Snapshot SnapMirror and
using Snapshot
copy as follows: SnapVault
copies?
ROC * number of days of Snapshot copies
being kept.
No

Volume size = Total

Volume size
size of LUN or LUNs +
= Total size of
data in Snapshot
LUN or LUNs
copies

15 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

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• When enabling NetApp thin provisioning, also
configure the storage management policies on the
volumes that contain the thin provisioned LUNs.
Thin provisioning • The policies help you to give the thin provisioned
best practices LUNs storage capacity as they require it.

• The important policies are automatic sizing of a

volume, automatic Snapshot copy deletion, and
LUN fractional reserve.

16 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Volume Configuration Options

• Autosize

Additional ONTAP CLI • Auto Snapshot delete

considerations • Snapshot Reserve

• Fractional Reserve

17 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

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• In ONTAP software, you can configure
automatic resizing (increasing or decreasing) of
a volume based on the amount of free space in
the volume. When you configure automatic
resizing of a volume, you must monitor the free
space in the containing aggregate.

SAN volume • Automatic deletion of Snapshot copies occurs

configuration options when one of the following conditions is met:
• The volume is nearly full.
• The Snapshot reserve space is nearly full.
• The overwrite reserve space is full.

• The Snapshot reserve defines the amount of

space that is reserved in the volume for
Snapshot copies.

18 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

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• Volume Autosize
• Enables the use of free space in the aggregate as a shared
free pool
• To retain more Snapshot data
• To mitigate risk if thin provisioning LUNs

Volume autosize and • Snapshot Autodelete

Snapshot autodelete • Enables you to “safely” have less than 2X + Δ
• Sets primary LUN availability at a higher priority than
Snapshot data
• Sets creation of new Snapshot copies to higher priority than
retention of existing Snapshot copies

19 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

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• Set on a per volume basis

• Possible settings
• 5% (new default for NAS as of ONTAP 9.0 software,
previously set to 20%)
• 0% (current default for SAN within ONTAP System Manager,

Snapshot reserve
not the current default for CLI)
• 0% to 100%

• ONTAP software “removes” the defined

percentage from the volume.
• ONTAP software does not enable LUNs to be created or
files to grow into the reserved space.

20 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Snapshot reserve space usage

TME-A800::> vol show-space –volume tme01

Vserver : epic_1
Volume : tme01

Feature Used Used%

------------------------- ------- -----
User Data 52KB 0%
Filesystem Metadata 6MB 0%
Inodes 24KB 0%
Snapshot Reserve 15GB 5%
Deduplication 12KB 0%
Performance Metadata 6.02MB 0%

Total Used 15.01GB 5%

Total Physical Used 12.11MB 0%

21 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

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• Fractional reserve, or LUN overwrite reserve,
enables you to turn off overwrite reserve for
space-reserved LUNs and files in a FlexVol
volume.

• You can use the fractional reserve to manage

storage use but take care to prevent writes from
failing due to a lack of space.
Fractional reserve • The fractional reserve is expressed as a
percentage, with the two valid values being 0
and 100 percent.

• A setting of 0 percent can increase space

utilization, but if the volume runs out of free
space, a data outage might result, even with the
volume guarantee set to volume.

22 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Fractional reserve example

Available 20GB Available space

space
60GB
40GB Reserve

LUN2: 20GB LUN2: 20GB

40GB 40GB
LUN1: 20GB LUN1: 20GB

Fractional reserve = 0 At least one Snapshot copy

Fractional reserve = 100

23 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

With Fractional Reserve = 100% space is reserved so that the entire LUN can be overwritten. This setting is referred to as
2X + Δ (delta).

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Knowledge check

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Knowledge check

Which configuration option guarantees that writes to LUNs

always succeed?

a. Thin provisioned volumes with non-space-reserved LUNs

b. Semi-thick-provisioned volumes with space-reserved LUNs

c. Thick provisioned volumes with space-reserved LUNs

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Knowledge check

How is a volume configured when its service-level

objective (–space-slo) is set to “thick” during the volume
create command?

a. Space guarantee is set to volume and fractional reserve is set to 100.

b. Space guarantee is set to volume and fractional reserve is set to 0.

c. Space management is set to none.

d. Snapshot autodelete is set to enabled.

26 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Exercise 2 preview Using the Student Exercise Guide, you will
complete the following tasks:
1. Create two LUNs with System Manager
2. Create a space-reserved LUN with CLI
3. Create a non-space-reserved LUN with CLI

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• Access your lab equipment.
Use the login credentials that your instructor
provided to you.

• Open your Exercise Guide.

Go to the Exercise for this module.

Complete an exercise • Complete the specified tasks.

• Start with Task 1.
Module 2
Creating LUNs • Stop at the end of Task 4.
• Participate in the review session.
• Share your results.
• Report issues.

• Description

This exercise requires approximately

30 minutes.

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Share your experiences • Do you have questions about your
equipment kit?
Roundtable questions for the
equipment-based exercises • Do you have an issue to report?

29 © 2021 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.

If you encounter an issue, notify your instructor immediately so that the issue can be resolved promptly.

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This module focused on enabling you to do the following:

• Demonstrate volume and LUN space efficiency configurations

Module summary in a SAN environment

• Explain the best practices of both volume and LUN thin

provisioning in a SAN environment

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Module 3
ONTAP storage virtual
machine administration

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3-1 ONTAP SAN Administration: ONTAP Storage Virtual Machine Administration

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This module focuses on enabling you to do the following:

• Demonstrate how to create a storage VM (storage virtual

machine, also known as SVM) with NetApp ONTAP System
Manager
About this module • Define all the steps that are required to use ONTAP System
Manager to create a LUN

• Explain namespaces and subsystems

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Lesson 1
Storage virtual machine
creation workflow

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• Verify that the configuration matches a qualified
configuration in the NetApp Interoperability
Matrix Tool (IMT).

• Install the hardware and cable according to

Block protocol NetApp best practices.

configuration overview • Create block protocol objects

• SVMs
• LIFs
• volumes
• LUNs or namespaces
• Initiator groups (igroups) or subsystems

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New installation
1. Create an SVM.
• Name
• Protocol
• LIF selection
Storage VM workflow 2. Create the LUNs.
• Name prefix
• Quantity
• Size
• Operating system type
• Mapping

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Storage VM setup
iSCSI

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Storage VM setup
FC and FCoE

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Storage VM setup
NVMe/FC

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3-8 ONTAP SAN Administration: ONTAP Storage Virtual Machine Administration

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Storage VM setup
Multiprotocol storage VM

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3-9 ONTAP SAN Administration: ONTAP Storage Virtual Machine Administration

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Storage VM administration

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Using the CLI to Create a Storage VM

To use the ONTAP CLI to create a Storage VM, you can specify the following parameters:

• SVM name (required) • Default language

• Root volume name • Snapshot policy

• Root volume security style • Root aggregate

cluster1::> vserver create -vserver svm02 -rootvolume svm02_root -rootvolume-

security-style unix -language C.UTF-8 -snapshot-policy none -aggregate aggr1_02

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Using the CLI to add a protocol

After the SVM is created, you must configure the SVM for a protocol:

cluster1::> vserver iscsi create -vserver svm02 -status-admin up

cluster1::> vserver fcp create -vserver svm02 -status-admin up

cluster1::> vserver nvme create -vserver svm02 -status-admin up

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Using the CLI to Create LIFs

Specify the following parameters to use the ONTAP CLI to create a LIF:
• SVM name • IP address and network mask
(iSCSI LIFs)
• LIF name (unique for every LIF)
• Home node and home port
• Data protocol

cluster1::> network interface create -vserver svm02 -lif svm02_iscsi_lif1 -data-

protocol iscsi -address 192.168.0.141 -netmask 255.255.255.0 -home-node cluster1-01
-home-port e0d
cluster1::> network interface create -vserver svm02 -lif svm02_fcp_lif5 -data-
protocol fcp -home-node cluster1-01 -home-port 0d

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Lesson 2
LUN creation

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LUN creation
Name prefix, count, and size

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LUN creation
Host information, existing initiator group

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LUN creation
New initiator group

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Using the CLI to Create Volumes

For every LUN, you should create a volume by entering the following parameters:
• Volume name (unique for every volume)
• Hosting SVM
• Containing aggregate
• Size
 Snapshot policy
 Snapshot space percentage

cluster1::> volume create –volume svm02_vol1 –vserver svm02 –aggregate aggr1_02

–size 10GB –snapshot policy none –percent-snapshot-space 0

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Creating LUNs

LUNs can be added with the following parameters:

• SVM name
• LUN name and path (unique for every LUN)
• LUN size
• Operating system type
• Space reservation state
• Space allocation status

cluster1::> lun create -vserver svm02 -path /vol/svm02_vol1/svm02_vol1_lun1 -size

10GB -ostype windows_2008 -space-reserve enabled -space-allocation disabled

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Initiator group Management

To create an igroup, provide the following parameters:

• SVM name
• Igroup name
• Protocol
• OS type
• Host initiators

cluster1::> igroup create -vserver svm02 -igroup ig_svm02 -protocol iscsi -ostype
windows -initiator iqn.1991-05.com.microsoft:win1.demo.netapp.com

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LUN Mapping

• For the host to be able to see a LUN, the LUN must be mapped to an igroup
that contains the host initiator worldwide port name (WWPN) or iSCSI Qualified
Name (IQN).
• To map a LUN to an initiator group, enter the following parameters:
• SVM name
• LUN path (unique for every LUN)
• Initiator group name
• LUN ID (unique for every LUN in the igroup)

cluster1::> lun map -vserver svm02 -path /vol/svm02_vol1/svm02_vol1_lun1

-igroup ig_svm02 -lun-id 0

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SVM Administrative User Account Creation

• An SVM administrator account is not created automatically when a Storage VM

is created with CLI commands.
• Use the security login password and security login unlock
commands to create and enable the account.

cluster1::> security login password -username vsadmin -vserver svm_02

Enter a new password:

Enter it again:
cluster1::> security login unlock -username vsadmin -vserver svm_02

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Lesson 3
NVMe namespaces and
subsystems

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NVMe namespace creation

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NVMe Namespace creation

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Subsystem

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Using the CLI to create volumes

For every namespace, you should create a volume by entering the following parameters:
• Volume name (unique for every volume)
• Hosting SVM
• Containing aggregate
• Size
• Snapshot policy
• Snapshot space percentage

cluster1::> volume create –volume svm0_vol1 –vserver svm0 –aggregate aggr1_02

–size 10GB –snapshot policy none –percent-snapshot-space 0

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Creating namespaces

Namespaces can be added with the following parameters:

• SVM name
• Namespace name and path (unique for every namespace)
• Namespace size
• Operating system type
• Block size (default is 4KB)

cluster1::> namespace create -vserver svm0 -path /vol/svm0_vol1/svm0_ns1 -size 10GB

-ostype windows –block-size 4KB

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Subsystem management

To create a subsystem, provide the following parameters:

• SVM name
• Subsystem name
• OS type

cluster1::> vserver nvme subsystem create -vserver svm0 -subsystem svm0_subsys0

-ostype Windows

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Host mapping

• For the host to be able to see a namespace, the host NVMe Qualified Name
(NQN) must be mapped to the subsystem.
• To map a host to a subsystem, enter the following parameters:
• SVM name
• Subsystem name
• Host NQN

cluster1::> vserver nvme subsystem host add -vserver svm0 -subsystem

svm0_subsys0 -host-nqn nqn.2020-08.com.microsoft:host1

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Namespace mapping

• For the host to be able to see a namespace, the namespace must be mapped
to a subsystem that contains the host NQN.
• To map a namespace to a subsystem, enter the following parameters:
• SVM name
• Subsystem name
• Namespace path

cluster1::> vserver nvme subsystem map add -vserver svm0 -subsystem

svm0_subsys0 -path /vol/svm0_vol1/svm0_ns1

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Lesson 4
iSCSI, FC, FCoE, and NVMe/FC
recommended guidelines

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• When a storage VM is created and a block
protocol is enabled, the SVM gets either an FC
worldwide name (WWN), an iSCSI Qualified
Name (IQN), or an NVMe Qualified Name
(NQN).
• If you created the SVM in the CLI, you should
verify that the FC, iSCSI, or NVMe service has
Scalable SAN been created and is enabled.
• fcp show
• iscsi show
• nvme show

• When provisioning volumes, follow

recommendations for deduplication, space
reservation, and storage efficiency settings.

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• All SVMs should be assigned LIFs on each
cluster node and each FC fabric or Ethernet
network for resiliency.

• Paths on the node that owns the disks that

contain the LUN or namespace are direct paths.
All paths on other nodes are indirect paths.
Path management • The iSCSI and FC protocols use the asymmetric logical
unit access (ALUA) extension to determine which paths
are direct paths, or “active/optimized,” and indirect paths,
or “active/nonoptimized.”
• The NVMe protocol uses the asymmetric namespace
access (ANA) extension to determine which paths are
direct and indirect to the host. ANA refers to paths as
“direct” and “indirect.”

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On clusters with more than four nodes, you should limit the number of paths that are used to access each LUN. Limiting
the number of paths helps to avoid exceeding the operating system path count limitation. Selective LUN map and port
sets can be used.

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• Management interfaces on SVMs that serve
block data require the following settings:
• LIF type of data
• No data protocols assigned (-data-protocols none)
• A firewall policy that permits management access (-
firewall-policy mgmt)
• A broadcast domain for managing LIF failover
Management interfaces
• An SVM-level administrative account should be
used:
• The default account is vsadmin.
• A password must be assigned (security login
password).
• The password must be unlocked (security login
unlock).

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Lesson 5
iSCSI security and networking

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iSCSI access control

• iSCSI access control enables administrators to use an access control list to enhance iSCSI security.

• A list of approved IP addresses or a range of IP addresses can be specified to restrict unapproved access to a
LUN.
cluster1::> vserver iscsi security add-initiator-address-range -vserver vs1
-initiator-name iqn.1993-08.com.example:01:e3f87c7cf2e4 -initiator-address-range
192.168.2.1-192.168.2.255

• Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) can also be used to gate iSCSI connections.

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The vserver iscsi security create command uses the –auth-type parameter to configure the authentication
type. The syntax is:
[-auth-type | -s {CHAP|deny|none}] - Authentication Type
The following specifies the authentication type:
- CHAP: Authentication is by using a Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) user name and password.
- none: The initiator can access the Vserver without authentication.
- deny: The initiator cannot access the Vserver.
An access control list can be defined with the following command:
cluster1::> vserver iscsi security add-initiator-address-range -vserver vs1 -initiator-
name iqn.1993-08.com.example:01:e3f87c7cf2e4 -initiator-address-range 192.168.2.1-
192.168.2.255

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• A virtual LAN (VLAN) consists of a group of
switch ports in a single broadcast domain.

• A VLAN can be on a single switch, or it can span

multiple switches.

• VLANs provide many advantages:

• Increased security by limiting access within an Ethernet

Virtual LANs in iSCSI network or an IP SAN

• Improved Ethernet network and IP SAN reliability through
configurations problem isolation
• Reduction of problem resolution time by limiting the problem
space
• Reduction of the number of available paths to a particular
iSCSI target port
• Reduction of the maximum number of paths that are used
by a host, which can improve reconnection times

• VLANs are commonly used in multitenancy

environments for isolation.

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• Static VLANs are port-based:
• Static VLANs offer improved security because physical
access to the switch is required to breach connectivity.
• Static VLANs can be easier to create and manage than
dynamic VLANs.

Static VLANs and

dynamic VLANs • Dynamic VLANs are based on the MAC
address:
• Dynamic VLANs provide flexibility and do not require
mapping to physical ports.
• Cables can be moved or connected anywhere on the switch
without the need to reconfigure the VLAN.

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• The environment contains two iSCSI subnets:
10.10.10.xx and 10.10.20.xx.

• Cluster1-01:0f and cluster2-01:0f are on subnet

10.10.10.xx.

Information about the iSCSI • Cluster1-01:0g and cluster2-01:0g are on subnet

10.10.20.xx.
lab environment • Each host has three network interface cards
(NICs):
• 192.168.0.xx: default broadcast domain used for
management traffic
• 10.10.10.xx: iscsi10 broadcast domain
• 10.10.20.xx: iscsi20 broadcast domain

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Class equipment

Admin network
JUMPHOST
192.168.0.x

Cluster network
DC1 Cluster 1 (2-node HA pair)
demo.netapp.com
10.10.10.x

iSCSI network
e0f
RHEL1 e0g
10.10.20.x

0c,0d

Brocade 6505 (physical) HA = high-availability

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iSCSI network

10.10.10.1
JUMPHOST
10.10.20.1

Cluster network
DC1
demo.netapp.com
Cluster 1 (2-node HA pair)
10.10.10.30
10.10.10.31
e0f

iSCSI network
10.10.10.2
RHEL1 e0g
10.10.20.2
10.10.20.30
10.10.20.31

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Knowledge check

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Knowledge check

Which three of the following types of information are required

when creating a Storage VM? (Choose two.)

a. SVM name

b. SVM hosted protocols

c. SVM replication relationship

d. SVM root volume placement location

e. SVM peer relationship

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Knowledge check

ALUA assigns which two of the following status to paths?

(Choose two.)

a. active/optimized

b. active/nonoptimized

c. direct/optimized

d. inactive/nonoptimized

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Knowledge check

ONTAP software supports which three of the following

methods of restricting access to iSCSI LUNs? (Choose three.)

a. iSCSI MAC table filtering

b. iSCSI access control

c. Selective LUN mapping

d. CHAP

e. LUN mapping

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Knowledge check

True or false: Interface groups are optional. LUNs are

presented to all initiators that log in to a system in the
absence of interface groups

a. True

b. False

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Exercise 3 preview Using the Student Exercise Guide, you will
complete the following tasks:
1. Connect an iSCSI LUN to Windows
2. Connect an iSCSI LUN to Linux

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• Access your lab equipment.
Use the login credentials that your instructor
provided to you.

• Open your Exercise Guide.

Go to the Exercise for this module.

Complete an exercise • Complete the specified tasks.

• Start with Task 1.
Module 3
SVM Management • Stop at the end of Task 2.
• Participate in the review session.
• Share your results.
• Report issues.

• Description

This exercise requires approximately

40 minutes.

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Share your experiences • Do you have questions about your
equipment kit?
Roundtable questions for the
equipment-based exercises • Do you have an issue to report?

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If you encounter an issue, notify your instructor immediately so that the issue can be resolved promptly.

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This module focused on enabling you to do the following:

• Demonstrate how to create a storage virtual machine (SVM)

with NetApp ONTAP System Manager
Module summary • Define all the steps that are required to use ONTAP System
Manager to create a LUN

• Explain Namespaces and Subsystems

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Module 4
SAN availability and
data protection

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This module focuses on enabling you to do the following:

• Describe path selection during high-availability (HA) failover

• Describe path selection during port or switch failure

About this module
• Explain path selection during LUN mobility

• Describe the difference between a crash-consistent backup

and an application-consistent backup

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Lesson 1
High availability and
host multipathing

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• SAN LIFs and NAS LIFs behave differently
during failover events.

• NAS LIFs fail over to another port. SAN LIFs do

not fail over.

• A NAS LIF is assigned an IP address that moves

when the home port becomes unavailable.
High availability • Even though iSCSI LIFs have an IP address,
they do not fail over. SAN LIFs use host
multipathing software to determine which paths
to the target are available.

• If the home port on a SAN LIF becomes

unavailable, the host selects a different path and
IP address or worldwide port name (WWPN).

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Path overview

Disk
Direct: Active/Optimized FC or Ethernet
Indirect: Active/Non-Optimized HA Interconnect
Cluster Interconnect

Direct Indirect Indirect Indirect

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During normal operation, the direct paths provide the fastest path of access to the LUN. The direct paths are the paths
that use LIFs on the same node as the LUN. All the indirect paths have to cross the cluster interconnect to access the
LUN.
Direct paths are marked as Active/Optimized and indirect paths are Active/Non-Optimized in asymmetric logical unit
access (ALUA).

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Path overview: All SAN Array

Disk
FC or Ethernet
HA Interconnect
Cluster Interconnect

Direct Direct Indirect Indirect

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Introduced in ONTAP 9.7, symmetric active-active is a multipathing solution in which all paths are active/optimized. If
there is a storage failover, the host does not need to wait for the ALUA transition of the failover paths to resume I/O. This
behavior reduces time to fail over. Symmetric active-active is available on only All SAN Arrays. ANA continues to operate
in an asymmetric manner, with Active Optimized and Active Non-Optimized paths in an All SAN array.

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Path selection during HA failover

Disk
FC or Ethernet
HA Interconnect
Cluster Interconnect

Node failure, paths down Direct Indirect Indirect

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During a high-availability (HA) failover event, the LIFs on the impaired node are seen as offline. During the event, the LIFs
on the HA partner that has taken over for the impaired node become direct paths. The state changes automatically
because of ALUA path inquiry. No administrative changes are required.

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Path selection during port or switch failure

Disk
FC or Ethernet
HA Interconnect
Cluster Interconnect

Paths Down Indirect Indirect Indirect

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In a port or switch failure, no more direct paths are available. Path priority remains the same and the Microsoft Multipath
I/O (MPIO) software on the host selects alternate indirect paths until a direct path becomes available again. The ALUA
path states do not change.

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Path selection during volume or LUN mobility

Disk
FC or Ethernet
HA Interconnect
Cluster Interconnect

Direct Indirect Indirect Indirect

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When a volume or LUN is moved to a different node, the direct paths are available until the cutover occurs. It is important
to add the new nodes or HA pairs to the reporting-nodes list.

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Path selection after volume or LUN mobility

Disk
FC or Ethernet
HA Interconnect
Cluster Interconnect

Indirect Indirect Direct Indirect

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After the cutover is complete, the ALUA path states are updated and the host accesses the LUN through the new direct
paths. All paths remain available always.
For a volume move, the cutover occurs after the data has been moved to the new location.
For a LUN move, the cutover occurs before all the data has been moved. New writes go to the destination. If the data has
not been moved yet, reads are passed to the source node.

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Selective LUN Map

• Selective LUN Map (SLM) reduces the number of paths from the host to the LUN.

• With SLM, when a new LUN map is created, the LUN is accessible only through paths on the node that owns
the LUN and its HA partner.

• If you are moving a LUN or a volume containing LUNs to another HA pair within the same cluster, you should
modify the SLM reporting-nodes list before initiating the move.

• This action ensures that active, optimized LUN paths are maintained.
::> lun mapping add-reporting-nodes -vserver svm01 -path /vol/vol1/lun1
-igroup igroup1 -destination-volume vol2

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Most customers opt to remove the former owning nodes from the reporting-nodes list after the LUN or volume has been
moved. This decision can require a rescan on the host to recognize the current path status.

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Path overview with SLM

Disk
FC or Ethernet
HA interconnect
Cluster interconnect

Reporting nodes Not available

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Lesson 2
Data protection in
SAN environments

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• When a backup or Snapshot copy is created
without quiescing the file system, the backup is
considered to be in a crash-consistent state. The
state is similar to the state of the data after a
server has crashed.

• When the file system is quiesced before the

backup or Snapshot copy is created, the data is
Data consistency concept considered to be application consistent.

• For certain applications, a crash-consistent

backup can be difficult and time-consuming to
recover from, especially when data is spread
across multiple LUNs.

• Crash-consistent and application-consistent

backup policies can be used together to create a
mirror and archive strategy.

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Technologies Products

• Snapshot copies • NetApp SnapCenter

software
• SnapRestore
• SnapManager
Data protection software • FlexClone software
• SnapMirror

• SnapVault

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Application consistency

• LUNs that are being backed up need to be in an application-consistent state before the Snapshot copy is
created.
• Products like NetApp SnapCenter software create consistent Snapshot copies.

1
Host Native API
Plug-In 6
Quiesce 2 5 Thaw
Host
Plug-In
Application
SnapCenter FC, iSCSI, Writer
Server NVMe/FC

4 NVMe/FC = NVMe over Fibre Channel

Backup Workflow:
1. A NetApp SnapCenter backup is begun based on the policy that is assigned to the resource group that contains the
databases. The policy includes a set of rules that governs the SnapCenter backup, such as backup type, schedule
frequency, retention, and prescript and postscript with arguments. SnapCenter software (the requestor) sends a
command to the Microsoft Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS) to do the following:
a. Enumerate the writers
b. Gather the writer metadata (like the Exchange Database [EDB] file, logs, and checkpoint file for each database
that is selected for backup)
c. Enable the creation of Snapshot copies
2. The operating system native API then sends a command to the writer to prepare for a Snapshot backup. To enable
the SnapCenter backup operation, the Exchange writer temporarily “freezes” the database and puts it into read-only
mode. All data in server memory is flushed to the database. The temporary freeze holds for a couple of seconds,
during which all writes to the databases on disk are stopped and all the write I/O is queued.
Note: The “freeze” action enables data to be written in a consistent order and a consistent Snapshot copy to be
created in the SnapCenter software.
3. The API then sends a command to NetApp storage through SnapCenter Plug-in for Microsoft Windows (VSS storage
provider) to create a point-in-time Snapshot copy of the volumes that host the database.
4. When the NetApp Snapshot operation is complete, completion is acknowledged. The logs are truncated, and the
database headers are updated.
5. To resume regular operations, the VSS “thaws” the database and releases the writer. All queued write I/O that is held
in RAM is written to disk again.
6. The API then acknowledges to SnapCenter software the successful backup operation. SnapCenter Server updates
the backup metadata with the status. The application database also truncates the transaction logs and records the
time of the most recent backup for the database.

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Data protection and replication

• After a Snapshot copy is created on the primary storage, it can be replicated as needed to meet
business requirements.

• Products like SnapCenter software help to manage replication schedules.

Primary Data Center Secondary Data Center

SnapMirror / SnapMirror / SnapMirror /

SnapVault SnapVault SnapVault

Snapshot Snapshot
copies copies

Building 1 Building 2

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• SnapMirror technology and SnapVault software
can be used to provide data protection to LUNs.

• Copies of LUNs have the same characteristics

SnapMirror considerations as the original LUNs.

• When a LUN is moved, special attention must

be given to Snapshot copies and data-protection
relationships.

LUNs that have been moved do not bring with them any associated Snapshot copies that might exist in the source
volume.
LUNs that have been moved might not participate in data protection relationships that are associated with the original
source volume. A new SnapMirror relationship might be required.

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Knowledge check

4-19 ONTAP SAN Administration: SAN Availability and Data Protection

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Knowledge check

A crash-consistent Snapshot copy would likely resemble

which of the following conditions?

a. The application was busy when the server encountered a system panic.

b. The application was idle when server was powered off.

c. The application was stopped when server was powered off.

d. The application and server were shut down cleanly.

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Exercise 4 preview Using the Student Exercise Guide, you will
complete the following tasks:
1. Examine multipathing

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• Access your lab equipment.
Use the login credentials that your instructor
provided to you.

• Open your Exercise Guide.

Go to the Exercise for this module.

Complete an exercise • Complete the specified tasks.

• Start with Task 1.
Module 4
Availability • Stop at the end of Task 1.
• Participate in the review session.
• Share your results.
• Report issues.

• Description

This exercise requires approximately

15 minutes.

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Share your experiences • Do you have questions about your
equipment kit?
Roundtable questions for the
equipment-based exercises • Do you have an issue to report?

If you encounter an issue, notify your instructor immediately so that the issue can be resolved promptly.

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• This module focused on enabling you to do the following:

• Describe path selection during HA failover

• Describe path selection during port or switch failure

Module summary
• Explain path selection during LUN mobility

• Describe the difference between a crash-consistent backup and

an application-consistent backup

4-24 ONTAP SAN Administration: SAN Availability and Data Protection

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Module 5
Management of NetApp
ONTAP SAN environments

5-1 ONTAP SAN Administration: Management of NetApp ONTAP SAN Environments

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This module focuses on enabling you to do the following:

• Discuss LUN mobility

• Explain copy offloading

About this module • Discuss LUN and volume configuration options

• Identify performance recommendations:

• Quality of service (QoS)
• Balanced placement

5-2 ONTAP SAN Administration: Management of NetApp ONTAP SAN Environments

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Lesson 1
LUN mobility

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• NetApp ONTAP 8.3 software introduced the lun
move and lun copy commands.

• LUNs can be moved or copied between the

following:

LUN mobility • Volumes

• Aggregates
• Storage controllers
• High-availability (HA) pairs

• LUN mobility is supported on a per-LUN basis,

rather than on a per-volume basis.

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LUNs that are moved or copied are available
almost immediately. The workflow for moving or
copying a LUN is as follows:
1. A destination LUN is created.
2. The metadata and attributes are updated from
the source LUN.

LUN Move and LUN 3. The destination LUN is “promoted” so that it

can receive I/O requests from hosts.
Copy workflow 4. Data is copied in the background across the
cluster interconnect.
5. Incoming read requests for data that has not
been copied trigger an immediate read
request from the source volume.
6. Incoming writes are written directly to the
destination LUN.

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• LUNs can be copied between volumes in the
same storage virtual machine (SVM) or to
volumes in other SVMs.

• LUNs can be moved between volumes in the

same SVM but not to
other SVMs:

Differences between LUN

• The destination SVM might not have the same
configuration as the source SVM.

Move and LUN Copy • The destination SVM has a different worldwide node name
(WWNN) or iSCSI target name.
• A LUN move is a nondisruptive operation. Changing the
parameters might cause the LUN to become inaccessible.

• The source of a LUN move must be in the active

file system.

• The source of a LUN copy can be inside a

Snapshot copy.

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• LUNs that are moved or copied do not arrive
compressed or deduplicated at their destination.

Storage efficiency and data • LUNs that have been moved do not bring with
them any associated Snapshot copies.
protection considerations
• LUNs that have been moved do not necessarily
participate in any data protection relationships
that are associated with the source volume.

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• When you move a LUN, verify that at least two
LIFs connect to each reporting node in the cluster.
Other considerations for
data mobility • Confirming that two LIFs connect to each
reporting node reduces the risk of a single point of
failure and minimizes the performance effect.

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• In ONTAP 9 software, Microsoft Windows can
nondisruptively offload the process of copying
blocks between LUNs.

• Copy offloading significantly reduces host CPU

load, network bandwidth, and the duration of
the move.
Microsoft offloaded
data transfer • LUNs remain online throughout the copy process.

• Copy offloading is an extension of the Microsoft

Windows Server offloaded data transfer
(ODX) feature.

• Copy offloading is supported exclusively on

Windows LUNs.

Offloaded data transfer (ODX) also supports copying data between Windows LUNs and CIFS shares.
The copy process is performed within the ONTAP storage system. If the destination is a different cluster, the copy offload
process is not used, and data is copied across the network.

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Lesson 2
Volume and LUN
reconfiguration

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• The following configuration options are
available:

• Volume size
Volume and LUN • Manual

reconfiguration
• Automatic

• Volume move

• LUN size
• Manual

System Manager can be used to move, resize volumes, and enable automatic volume sizing.

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• Volumes can be resized to be smaller or larger.

• Volumes containing LUNs that are space-

reserved cannot be resized smaller than the
Volume resize LUN size.

• Volumes containing NVMe namespaces can be

resized, but namespaces in those volumes
cannot be resized.

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Volume resize example

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• Volume autogrow enables the use of free space
in the aggregate as a shared free pool.
• Allows more Snapshot copies
• Mitigates risk when volumes are thin provisioned

Volume autogrow and

Snapshot autodelete • Snapshot autodelete sets LUN availability at a
higher priority than Snapshot retention.
• This feature allows the volume to be safely sized at less
than 2X + Δ.
• Creation of new Snapshot copies has a higher priority than
retention of existing Snapshot copies.

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Volume resize autogrow settings

5-15 ONTAP SAN Administration: Management of NetApp ONTAP SAN Environments

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Snapshot autodelete setting

5-16 ONTAP SAN Administration: Management of NetApp ONTAP SAN Environments

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Volume move

5-17 ONTAP SAN Administration: Management of NetApp ONTAP SAN Environments

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LUN resize

LUNs can be resized, but the host

must also support the change.

5-18 ONTAP SAN Administration: Management of NetApp ONTAP SAN Environments

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Extend a volume in Windows

5-19 ONTAP SAN Administration: Management of NetApp ONTAP SAN Environments

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Lesson 3
SAN performance
recommendations

5-20 ONTAP SAN Administration: Management of NetApp ONTAP SAN Environments

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• Create more paths or LIFs as needed to
facilitate data mobility or to add more I/O
resources. Do not exceed the number of paths
that a host OS can support.

• When performing a LUN move or LUN copy, use

the pause and throttle features for granular
SAN performance control over LUN performance during replication.

considerations • Use NetApp Active IQ Unified Manager to

monitor ONTAP system health to verify that
all nodes are at or below their
performance capacities.
• Use volume move to rebalance workloads that
are on nodes for which performance capacity
is overprovisioned.

5-21 ONTAP SAN Administration: Management of NetApp ONTAP SAN Environments

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ONTAP supports the QoS Minimums tool and the
QoS Maximums tool:

• QoS Minimums prioritizes I/O from the selected

application ahead of other I/O so that the
application can meet performance
Quality of service settings requirements. QoS Minimums is supported
exclusively on SAN volumes.

• QoS Maximums enables the administrator to

assign a maximum IOPS or data rate that can
be allocated to a workload.

5-22 ONTAP SAN Administration: Management of NetApp ONTAP SAN Environments

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• Balanced placement enhances the application
provisioning feature in ONTAP 9 software.

• Balanced placement algorithms determine the

optimal locations for LUNs and volumes by
analyzing the following metrics:
Balanced placement • The amount of space that is available on each cluster node
• The performance capacity that remains on all nodes

• Balanced placement is the default behavior in

ONTAP System Manager 9.8 and later.

• Manual volume and LUN placement is available

using CLI.

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• Application-aware data management simplifies
provisioning by combining concepts in balanced
placement, QoS, and application-provisioning
Application-aware data workflows in NetApp ONTAP System Manager.

management • Application-aware data management has two

provisioning models:
• Basic application provisioning
• Enhanced application provisioning

5-24 ONTAP SAN Administration: Management of NetApp ONTAP SAN Environments

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• SMB SQL Server

Systems that • SAN SQL Server

basic application • NAS Virtual Desktop Infrastructure

provisioning supports • SAN Virtual Desktop Infrastructure

• SAP HANA

5-25 ONTAP SAN Administration: Management of NetApp ONTAP SAN Environments

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• General applications:
• NAS container
• General SAN application

• Databases:
Systems that enhanced • Oracle

provisioning supports • Oracle RAC

• Virtual systems:
• VMware
• Hyper-V
• Xen

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• Documentation on application aware data
management (AppDM)

• TR-4598: FabricPool best practices

• TR-4467: SAP with Micros oft SQL Server on

Resources Windows Us ing Clus tered Da ta ONTAP Bes t
Pra ctices

• TR-3633: Ora cle Da ta ba s es on ONTAP

• TR-4876: Ora cle Multitena ncy with ONTAP

Application aware data management (AppDM)

https://docs.netapp.com/ontap-9/topic/com.netapp.doc.dot-cm-concepts/GUID-BFD3BFE0-EBBA-4C3B-8E5E-
D5896C544926.html
TR-4598: FabricPool best practices
https://www.netapp.com/media/17239-tr4598.pdf
TR-4467: SAP with Microsoft SQL Server on Windows Using Clustered Data ONTAP Best Practices
https://fieldportal.netapp.com/content/273056
TR-3633: Oracle Databases on ONTAP
https://fieldportal.netapp.com/content/199162
TR-4876: Oracle Multitenancy with ONTAP
https://fieldportal.netapp.com/content/1292504

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Knowledge check

5-28 ONTAP SAN Administration: Management of NetApp ONTAP SAN Environments

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Knowledge check

LUNs can be moved between which two of the following?

(Choose two.)

a. Volumes

b. SVMs

c. Clusters

d. Aggregates

5-29 ONTAP SAN Administration: Management of NetApp ONTAP SAN Environments

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Knowledge check

Which operating system supports offloaded data transfer

(ODX)?

a. HPE UX

b. ESXi

c. Red Hat Linux

d. Microsoft Windows

5-30 ONTAP SAN Administration: Management of NetApp ONTAP SAN Environments

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Knowledge check

In ONTAP 9 and later software, in Selective LUN Map,

which node or nodes are the default reporting nodes?

a. The node that owns the disks that contain the aggregate with the LUN

b. The node that owns the LUN and that node’s HA partner.

c. All nodes in the SAN cluster.

d. A map of the reporting nodes must be created manually.

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Exercise 5 preview Using the Student Exercise Guide, you will
complete the following tasks:
1. Write data to a LUN
2. Move a LUN
3. Resize a LUN and extend a volume

5-32 ONTAP SAN Administration: Management of NetApp ONTAP SAN Environments

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• Access your lab equipment.
Use the login credentials that your instructor
provided to you.

• Open your Exercise Guide.

Go to the Exercise for this module.

Complete an exercise • Complete the specified tasks.

• Start with Task 1.
Module 5
ONTAP SAN Management • Stop at the end of Task 3.
• Participate in the review session.
• Share your results.
• Report issues.

• Description

This exercise requires approximately

45 minutes.

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Share your experiences • Do you have questions about your
equipment kit?
Roundtable questions for the
equipment-based exercises • Do you have an issue to report?

If you encounter an issue, notify your instructor immediately so that the issue can be resolved promptly.

5-34 ONTAP SAN Administration: Management of NetApp ONTAP SAN Environments

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This module focused on enabling you to do the following:

• Discuss LUN mobility

• Explain copy offloading

Module summary • Identify performance recommendations:
• QoS
• Balanced placement

5-35 ONTAP SAN Administration: Management of NetApp ONTAP SAN Environments

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Provide feedback Please take a few minutes to complete the
survey for this course.

https://metricsthatmatter.com/netappinternal

5-36 ONTAP SAN Administration: Management of NetApp ONTAP SAN Environments

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This course focused on enabling you to do
the following:
• Discuss SAN architecture
• Describe SAN configuration and LUN provisioning

Course summary • Discuss block protocol features and

recommendations
• Discuss ONTAP availability strategies and data
protection for LUNs
• Describe SAN performance considerations and
SAN-specific manageability features

5-37 ONTAP SAN Administration: Management of NetApp ONTAP SAN Environments

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Thank you

5-38 ONTAP SAN Administration: Management of NetApp ONTAP SAN Environments

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Appendix A
SAN migration with
Foreign LUN Import

A-1 ONTAP SAN Administration: SAN Migration with Foreign LUN Import

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This module focuses on enabling you to do the following:

• Describe Foreign LUN Import and when to use it

• Explain the Foreign LUN Import process

About this module
• Discuss the requirements for Foreign LUN Import

• Describe the steps to prepare an import relationship and perform

a cutover

A-2 ONTAP SAN Administration: SAN Migration with Foreign LUN Import

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• Using the Foreign LUN Import (FLI) feature,
NetApp ONTAP software can read data from
LUNs on third-party storage arrays over an
FC connection.

• FLI can read from NetApp 7-Mode systems,

NetApp E-Series, and NetApp EF-Series
storage controllers.

• FLI can be performed online (ONTAP 8.3.1 or later

Foreign LUN Import software) or offline (ONTAP 8.3 or later software):
• An online migration requires that the LUN is offline for the
overview amount of time that is needed to start the migration and mount
the new LUN on the host.
• In an online migration, new data is written to both the source
and destination until the import is complete and the relationship
is stopped.
• An offline migration requires that the LUN is offline during
the migration.

• FLI can adjust the LUN offset alignment.

• FLI is supported with OnCommand

A-3 ONTAP SAN Administration: SAN Migration with Foreign LUN Import

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Foreign LUN Import process

Initial Import Final

SAN Host
Target Initiator
Initiator Ports Ports
Ports

FC SAN Destination

Target
Ports Initiator Target
Ports Ports

Third-Party Array

Source

A-4 ONTAP SAN Administration: SAN Migration with Foreign LUN Import

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• Foreign LUN Import uses the FC protocol for
the import.
• Importing with iSCSI is not yet supported.
• Importing iSCSI LUNs with FC is supported.

• Some FC or Unified Target Adapter 2 (UTA2)

ports on the destination storage controller must
be configured as initiator ports.

• Volumes must be preconfigured to

Requirements for using accommodate the imported LUNs.

Foreign LUN Import • The destination storage controller initiator ports

must be zoned to access the source storage
controller’s target ports.

• The source storage controller’s LUNs must be

masked and mapped to the initiator ports on
the destination storage controller.

• Foreign LUN Import uses the FlexArray storage

A-5 ONTAP SAN Administration: SAN Migration with Foreign LUN Import

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• Do not mix source storage target ports and
destination storage target ports in the same zone.

• Do not mix destination storage initiator ports and

host ports in the same zone.
Recommendations for
• Do not mix destination storage target and initiator
zoning with Foreign ports in the same zone.
LUN Import • Zone with at least two ports from each controller
for redundancy.

• You should use single-initiator and

single-target zoning.

A-6 ONTAP SAN Administration: SAN Migration with Foreign LUN Import

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Preparation for Foreign LUN Import

1. Zone new array initiators to the source array.

2. Map source LUNs to the new array.

Zones
3. Discover the source array and LUNs from the new array.

4. Mark the source disk as foreign.

5. Create a volume and LUN. Zones

Destination : igroup
6. Map a new LUN to the host.
Source : Update igroup or equivalent
7. Create an import relationship.

igroup = initiator group

A-7 ONTAP SAN Administration: SAN Migration with Foreign LUN Import

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1. Shut down the hosts.

2. Unmap the source LUN from the host.

3. Start the copy process.

4. Bring the host online (if desired).

Foreign LUN Import cutover 5. After the copy is complete, perform optional
verification (for which the host must be down).

6. Clean up zoning.

7. Remove the source array.

A-8 ONTAP SAN Administration: SAN Migration with Foreign LUN Import

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Tools and utilities

Tool or Utility Description

IMT is a NetApp web-based utility that checks the interoperability of NetApp,

Interoperability Matrix Tool (IMT)
FlexArray, and third-party software components.

The Foreign LUN Import IMT is specific to Foreign LUN Import interoperability
Foreign LUN Import Interoperability Matrix Tool (IMT) before and during LUN imports. The IMT is used primarily to verify that the
end-state is supported.

OnCommand Workflow Automation is a software solution that enables you to

OnCommand Workflow Automation create storage workflows and automate storage management tasks such as
provisioning, migrating, decommissioning, and cloning storage.

NetApp Active IQ OneCollect is a data collection tool that collects data from
NetApp Active IQ OneCollect storage, hosts, and switches. The collected data is used for troubleshooting,
solution validation, migration, and upgrade assessments.

Interoperability Matrix Tool (IMT)

http://support.netapp.com/matrix
Foreign LUN Import Interoperability Matrix Tool (IMT)
http://mysupport.netapp.com/matrix/#search
OnCommand Workflow Automation
http://mysupport.netapp.com/NOW/cgi-bin/software/?product=OnCommand+Workflow+Automation&platform=Windows
NetApp Active IQ OneCollect
https://mysupport.netapp.com/tools/info/ECMLP2671381I.html

A-9 ONTAP SAN Administration: SAN Migration with Foreign LUN Import

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Storage Solution Search

A-10 ONTAP SAN Administration: SAN Migration with Foreign LUN Import

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Foreign LUN Import matrix

A-11 ONTAP SAN Administration: SAN Migration with Foreign LUN Import

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Filtering results

A-12 ONTAP SAN Administration: SAN Migration with Foreign LUN Import

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• TR-4380 SAN Migration Using Foreign LUN
Import
Foreign LUN Import
resources • Foreign LUN Import (FLI) Technical FAQ

TR-4380 SAN Migration Using Foreign LUN Import

https://fieldportal.netapp.com/content/272828?assetComponentId=273061
Foreign LUN Import (FLI) Technical FAQ
https://fieldportal.netapp.com/content/324335?assetComponentId=324953

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This module focused on enabling you to do the following:

• Describe Foreign LUN Import and when to use it

• Explain the Foreign LUN Import process

Appendix summary
• Discuss the requirements for Foreign LUN Import

• Describe the steps to prepare an import relationship and

perform a cutover

A-14 ONTAP SAN Administration: SAN Migration with Foreign LUN Import

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Provide feedback Please take a few minutes to complete the
survey for this course.

https://metricsthatmatter.com/netappinternal

Your feedback is important for ensuring the quality of NetApp courses. Your instructor will give you instructions about how
to find the survey for this class and about how to use the survey website.

A-15 ONTAP SAN Administration: SAN Migration with Foreign LUN Import

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This course focused on enabling you to do
the following:
• Discuss SAN architecture
• Describe SAN configuration and LUN provisioning
• Discuss iSCSI features and recommendations
• Discuss FC and FCoE features
Course summary and recommendations
• Describe NVMe integration into ONTAP software
• Discuss ONTAP availability strategies and data
protection for LUNs
• Describe SAN performance considerations and
SAN-specific manageability features
• Describe Foreign LUN Import

A-16 ONTAP SAN Administration: SAN Migration with Foreign LUN Import

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Thank you

A-17 ONTAP SAN Administration: SAN Migration with Foreign LUN Import

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