LC HL Physics 2021 - 0
LC HL Physics 2021 - 0
Coimisiún na Scrúduithe Stáit
State Examinations Commission
Physics
Higher Level
Note to teachers and students on the use of published marking schemes
Marking schemes published by the State Examinations Commission are not intended to be
standalone documents. They are an essential resource for examiners who receive training
in the correct interpretation and application of the scheme. This training involves, among
other things, marking samples of student work and discussing the marks awarded, so as to
clarify the correct application of the scheme. The work of examiners is subsequently
monitored by Advising Examiners to ensure consistent and accurate application of the
marking scheme. This process is overseen by the Chief Examiner, usually assisted by a Chief
Advising Examiner. The Chief Examiner is the final authority regarding whether or not the
marking scheme has been correctly applied to any piece of candidate work.
Marking schemes are working documents. While a draft marking scheme is prepared in
advance of the examination, the scheme is not finalised until examiners have applied it to
candidates’ work and the feedback from all examiners has been collated and considered in
light of the full range of responses of candidates, the overall level of difficulty of the
examination and the need to maintain consistency in standards from year to year. This
published document contains the finalised scheme, as it was applied to all candidates’ work.
In the case of marking schemes that include model solutions or answers, it should be noted
that these are not intended to be exhaustive. Variations and alternatives may also be
acceptable. Examiners must consider all answers on their merits, and will have consulted
with their Advising Examiners when in doubt.
Future Marking Schemes
Assumptions about future marking schemes on the basis of past schemes should be
avoided. While the underlying assessment principles remain the same, the details of the
marking of a particular type of question may change in the context of the contribution of
that question to the overall examination in a given year. The Chief Examiner in any given
year has the responsibility to determine how best to ensure the fair and accurate
assessment of candidates’ work and to ensure consistency in the standard of the
assessment from year to year. Accordingly, aspects of the structure, detail and application
of the marking scheme for a particular examination are subject to change from one year to
the next without notice.
In considering this marking scheme the following points should be noted.
1. In many instances only key words are given – words that must appear in the correct context
in the candidate’s answer in order to merit the assigned marks.
2. Words, expressions or statements separated by a solidus, /, are alternatives which are equally
acceptable.
3. Answers that are separated by a double solidus, //, are answers which are mutually exclusive.
A partial answer from one side of the // may not be taken in conjunction with a partial
answer from the other side.
4. The descriptions, methods and definitions in the scheme are not exhaustive and alternative
valid answers are acceptable.
5. The detail required in any answer is determined by the context and manner in which the
question is asked, and also by the number of marks assigned to the answer in the examination
paper. Therefore, in any instance, it may vary from year to year.
6. For omission of appropriate units (or for incorrect units) in final answers, one mark is
deducted, unless otherwise indicated.
7. When drawing graphs, one mark is deducted for use of an inappropriate scale.
8. Each time an arithmetical slip occurs in a calculation, one mark is deducted.
9. A zero should only be recorded when the candidate has attempted the question but does
not merit marks. If a candidate does not attempt a question (or part of) examiners should
record NR.
Cross Incorrect element
Tickn Correct element (n marks)
n
To identify and separate one of several attempts at
Left Bracket
an answer
To identify and separate one of several attempts at
Right Bracket
an answer
Horizontal wavy line To be noticed
Vertical wavy line Additional page (at bottom of page)
^ ^ Missing element
. ; . 2 + 1 9
(v) demonstrate how the experiment verifies the principle of conservation of momentum.
3
. . . . . 3
. ; . [units not necessary] 1 + 1
2 10
Correct substitution using two points from line on graph 2
Appropriate answer with . 2 7
Labelled axes 3
6 points plotted 3
Straight line with good fit 3 12
(v) Calculate the slope of your graph.
2
Correct substitution using two points from line on graph 2
Appropriate answer with 2 6
(vi) Hence or otherwise, calculate the speed of sound in air.
2
2 4
(i) Name the pieces of apparatus that were used to measure (a) the diameter, (b) the length and (c)
the resistance of the wire.
(a) Micrometer / vernier calipers / digital calipers 3
(b) Metre stick 3
(c) Ohmmeter / multimeter 3 9
(ii) How did the student ensure that the diameter of the wire was uniform?
Measured diameter at different places on the wire / no kinks 3 3
(iii) Use the data to draw a graph of R against l.
Labelled axes 3
6 points plotted 3
Straight line with good fit 3 9
(iv) Calculate the slope of your graph.
2
Correct substitution using two points from line on graph 2
Appropriate answer with . 2 6
(v) Hence calculate the resistivity of the metal.
3
. 3 6
(vi) How would the resistance of a fixed length of wire change if its diameter was doubled?
∝ // and 2
4 times 2
Smaller 3 7
3
. Bq 3 9
(viii) U–238 is an isotope of uranium. What are isotopes?
Same number of protons / same atomic number / same element 3
Different number of neutrons / different mass number 3 6
Radon gas forms part of the uranium decay series.
(ix) Why is radon gas considered to be dangerous?
e.g.radioactive 3 3
(x) How can the build‐up of radon gas in a building be reduced?
Sump / membrane / ventilation 3 3
3
Substitution 3
N 3 12
(v) the speed of sound in the string.
3
–1
m s 3 6
In an electric guitar a magnetic pickup detects the vibration in the string. The pickup consists of a
stationary magnet and a coil around the magnet. When the string vibrates an emf is induced.
(vi) Draw the magnetic field around a bar magnet.
Correct shape 3
Correct direction 3 6
(vii) Explain how the emf is induced in the coil.
Moving coil 3
Changing magnetic field cutting the coil 3 6
(viii) Sketch a graph to show how the output current varies with time.
Labelled axes
a.c. 3 + 2 5