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English
Quarter 4 - Module 6
Types of Text

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 What I Know
Before you proceed, check your knowledge on the lesson that you are
about to learn. Test yourself by answering the questions below. Take note of
the items that you cannot answer correctly so you could look for the right
answer as you go through this module.

Write the letter of your answer on your answer sheet.

1. It is a type of text that informs, or persuade by giving facts and
information.
a. Narrative b. Factual c. Literary d. Personal Response
2. It entertains or elicits an emotional response by using language to create
mental images.
a. Narrative b. Factual c. Literary d. Personal Response
3. It explains how or why something happens.
a. Narrative b. Persuasive c. Explanatory d. Expository
4. It is a type of text which provides facts in a way that is educational and
purposeful.
a. Narrative b. Persuasive c. Explanatory d. Expository
5. Texts that get the reader to accept the writer’s point of view on the issue
posed by the writing prompt.
a. Narrative b. Persuasive c. Explanatory d. Expository
6. Which is not an example of a factual text?
a. Flow charts b. proposal c. novel d. New article
7. Which is not an example of a literary text?
a. Short story b. film c. Personal response d. labeled diagrams
8. “What did you like about that artwork and why?” answering this question
will make you write a __________ text.
a. Narrative b. Personal Response c. Expository d. Persuasive
9. What are the two main types of text?
a. Narrative & Persuasive c. Explanatory & Narrative
b. Expository & Personal Response d. Factual & Literary
10. Which is not a type of factual text?
a. Personal response b. Explanatory c. Expository d. Persuasive

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 What’s In
Before this lesson, you learned about various strategies in decoding the
meaning of words. Let us see if you can still remember some of the important
concepts. Write the letter of your answer on your answer sheet.
Activity: Let’s Review
1. "Doctors recommend that everyone exercise every day, particularly those
who spend many hours doing SEDENTARY activities like reading, watching
television, or playing video games." Which of the following correctly defines
the meaning of the word SEDENTARY?
a) To engage in physical activity
b) To spend time using minimal brain function
c) To engage in criminal activity
d) To spend much time seated
2. Is the vocabulary word used correctly in this sentence?
Ian has ambivalence about his job; he loves some parts and hates others.
a) Yes
b) No
c) Never
d) Maybe
3. When there is no dictionary available, the definition of a word can be
guessed by looking for __________. .
a) blue’s clues
b) context clues
c) contest rules
d) metaphors
4. Context clues can be found around the word in the surrounding: ________.
a) sentence
b) paragraph
c) phrase
d) all of the above
5. In a stagnant housing market, few people buy homes.
In the above sentence, the word STAGNANT means:
a) not impressionable
b) very popular
c) not active
d) very busy

What’s New
You have just done reviewing your previous lesson on strategies in decoding
meaning. This time, as you go through the next activities, you will be learning about
the two main types of text. Write your answer on your answer sheet.

Activity: Spot and Write!

Direction: Classify the different titles. Write your answers on the space
provided.
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Impose Death Penalty

Marijuana should be legalized The Life Cycle of a Butterfly

How to Cook Adobo The Cause and Effect of Deforestation

The Hows of Us Encantadia

Detective Conan What did you like about that artwork and why?
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 FACTUAL TEXT LITERARY TEXT

There are two main types of text: Factual and Literary Text.
Factual texts inform, instructs, persuades by giving facts and information.
Literary texts entertain or elicit an emotional response by using language to create
mental images.

What is It
Did the previous activity help you? This part of the module will deepen your
learning about text types.

 Factual Text
a. Explanatory Text
 Explains how or why something happens.
 Features:
o starts by naming the topic
o describes items related to the topic in their right order
o explains how the items relate to each other and to the topic
o may end with a concluding statement
o may include visual images, e.g. flowcharts and diagrams,
which support what is written in words
o written in the present tense
 Examples:
o the life cycle of a butterfly
o how gears work
o labelled diagrams
o flowcharts

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  Sample Text
Life Cycle of a Butterfly (Metamorphosis)
It all starts when a female butterfly lays her eggs, usually on leaves or stems of
plants. Inside these tiny eggs, caterpillars grow. Depending on the species, the eggs can
vary in shape and texture – they can be round, oval or cylindrical, and smooth, bumpy or
wrinkled. The time it takes for the eggs to hatch can also vary – in some species, they will
hatch within a few weeks and in others they will only hatch once the weather is warm
enough.
Once ready, the caterpillar leaves its egg home and enters the big outside world!
And these little critters have one serious appetite – they actually eat their way out of the
egg and immediately start chomping on the leaves of the host plant. During this stage,
they shed their skin four or five times – as the caterpillar grows, its skin becomes too tight
and splits open, revealing a new, larger skin underneath. A fully grown caterpillar can be
over 100 times larger than when it emerged from its egg.
Once fully grown, the caterpillar forms itself into a “pupa” (or chrysalis) – a kind of
vessel in which the caterpillar changes into a butterfly. They usually do this on twigs or
safe, hidden areas around the host plant. The “pupa” stage may last a few weeks to
several months depending on the species. During this time, a hardened case forms
around the pupa to protect it from predators and extreme weather conditions. And inside,
the tissue, limbs and organs of the caterpillar transform. The result? A wonderful winged
butterfly!
Once the butterfly is ready to emerge, the case around the pupa splits open. But
it’s not time for take-off just yet, as the wings are at first wet, soft and wrinkled against its
body. The butterfly waits for its wings to dry, and pumps a liquid called hemolymph into
them so that they become big and strong. Once fit for flight, this brilliant bug then takes
to the air in search for flowers to feed on and for other butterflies to mate with.
And that’s the cycle complete – and ready to start all over again!

b. Expository Text
 Expository text is written to provide information about a topic, including
a historical or scientific topic.
 When we read fiction novels, we are taking in narrative text. This type of
text tells a story and generally uses a lot of emotion. The opposite of this
is expository text, which exists to provide facts in a way that is
educational and purposeful. The text is fact-based with the purpose of
exposing the truth through a reliable source. True and deliberate
expository text will focus on educating its reader. Other descriptors of
exposition are clear, concise, and organized writing. Expository text gets
to the point quickly and efficiently.
 Features:
o Precise, focused on the subject, uses domain specific vocabulary,
rather than figurative language.
o Expository texts can include topics such as historical, scientific or
economic information.
o Information is presented with a clear organizational text structure
which includes but is not limited to: description, chronology,
comparison, cause/effect, and problem/solution.
o Expository text is often written in paragraphs. Examples of
expository text may include: trade books, articles, reports,
textbooks, interviews, and essays.
 Example: Textbooks, News articles, Instruction manuals, Recipes, City
or country guides, Language books, Self-help books

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  Sample text:

Cause and Effect Example

Recurring headaches can have disruptive effects in a person's life. Initially, in many
cases, these headaches make a person nauseous to the point that he or she must go to
bed. Furthermore, sleep is often interrupted because of the pain. This results in disrupted
sleep. Disrupted sleep worsens the physical and emotional state of the sufferer. For those who
try to maintain a normal lifestyle, drugs are often relied on to get through the day. Such
drugs, of course, can lead to other negative effects. Drugs can inhibit productivity on a job,
perhaps even causing regular absences. Not only is work affected, but the seemingly
unpredictable occurrence of these headaches leads to disruption in family life.
The ensuing interruption to a person's family life is enormous. cancelling plans in the last
minute and straining relationships with friends and family. Therefore, many of these people
feel discouraged and even depressed due to the cycle of misery re-occurring headaches cause.

c. Persuasive texts
 Are factual text types that give a point of view? They are used to
influence or persuade others.
 To get the reader to accept the writer’s point of view on the issue
posed by the writing prompt.
 To adopt the writer’s way of thinking about the issue posed by the
writing prompt
 Features:
o Provides evidence to support the writer’s opinion/purpose
o Evidence will be in the form of facts, reasons, examples,
details, etc.
o May present pros and cons of an argument
o Anticipates the reader’s questions
 Example: Essay, Petition, Proposal, Analysis, Editorials, Letter of
Complaint
 Sample Text:

Why Students Should Eat Breakfast Every Day

A lot of people, especially young people, go through the day without having breakfast.
Many people believe that it is not necessary, or they say that they don’t have time for that, and
begin their day with no meal. I believe that everyone should eat breakfast before going to their
activities.
The first reason why you should eat breakfast before going to school is for your health.
When you skip breakfast and go to school, you are looking for a disease because it’s not healthy
to have an empty stomach all day long. It’s very important to have a meal and not let your
stomach work empty. All you are going to get is gastritis and a lot of problems with your health
if you don’t eat breakfast. Another reason for eating breakfast is because you need food for to do
well in your classes. Your body and your brain are not going to function as good as they could
because you have no energy and no strength. When you try to learn something and have
nothing in your stomach, you are going to have a lot of trouble succeeding.
A lot of people think that they should not eat because they are going to feel tired, but
that’s not true. Breakfast is not a very big meal, and on the contrary, you’re going to feel tired if
you don’t have breakfast because you have spent the entire previous night without food. The
last reason to have breakfast every day is because you can avoid diseases if you eat some
breakfast in the morning. If you don’t eat, you are going to get sick, and these diseases will have
a stronger effect on you because you’re going to get sick easier than people who have breakfast
every day.
You have to realize that breakfast is the most important meal of the day, and you cannot
skip it without consequences for your health, your school and your defense mechanism. It is 6
better to wake up earlier and have a good breakfast that run to school without eating anything.
It is time for you to do something for your health, and eating breakfast is the better way to start
your day.
 Literary Text
a. Narrative Text
 Tells a story using a series of events
 Features:
o the scene is set in a time and place and characters are introduced
o usually has a problem that is addressed
o may contain a message for the reader
 Examples:
o books
o picture cartoons
o science fiction
o historical fiction
o fairy tales
o myths
o legends
o fables
o plays

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  Sample Text:

"THE VANITY OF THE RAT"

A fine circular tale from Korea, to start the (Chinese) Year of the Rat

A long time ago, there lived a rat couple who had 1 daughter. Since they had no other
children, they gave her everything. When it became time for their daughter to marry, they
wanted only the best husband for her. They thought about all of the rats that they knew,
but none of them were good enough for their daughter.

One day, Mr Rat said to his wife "I know who will make the perfect husband for our
daughter, the Sun." "The Sun?" asked Mrs. Rat. "Why do you think the Sun would make a
good husband." "Because there is none more powerful in the world than the Sun" said the
husband. "Yes, Yes. Yes. The Sun is the most powerful. He's bright as well. Let's ask him
at once" said Mrs. Rat.

The two rats went out into their garden where the Sun was shining. "Oh, Mr. Sun!" they
called, trying to keep their eyes open as they looked up into the sky. "Yes, what can I do
for you?" replied the Sun. "Should you accept, my wife and I would like to offer you our
daughter's hand in marriage," said Mr. Rat proudly. "I'm honored" said Mr. Sun, but why
do you want me to marry your daughter?" "Because you are so powerful and magnificent!"
said Mr. Rat, while Mrs. Rat nodded her head in agreement.

"Well, I'm pleased that you think so highly of me" said Mr. Sun. "But there is one that is
more powerful than me." "Who might that be? asked Mr. Rat. "Why Mr. Cloud, of course! I
am powerless when he covers me." "Yes, so true" said Mr. Rat, nodding over and over.
“Come on dear,” he said, taking his wife by the hand. "Let's go see Mr. Cloud."

They climbed up a nearby mountain, over which a big cloud hung in the sky. They called
to Mr. Cloud and telling him what Mr. Sun had said, offered their daughter's hand in
marriage. Again, the couple received a much different answer that what they were
expecting. Mr. Cloud said "What the Sun says is true. However, I am powerless when I
meet Mr. Wind. Wherever he blows, I must go." "Yes. Yes. Of course, of course" said Mr.
and Mrs. Rat. They then set out to find Mr. Wind.

Coming down the mountain, they found Mr. Wind in a grove of trees. "I am strong" he told
them on hearing their story. "I can make a big tree fall over or blow down a house. I can
shake up an ocean. But try as I may, I can't move a stone Buddha." "Then, we'll just have
to ask a stone Buddha" said Mr. Rat. So, Mr. and Mrs. Rat hurried down the mountain to
the stone Buddha standing near their village.

"Well, I'm flattered that you want me to marry your daughter" said Mr. Stone Buddha.
"But I don't think I'm right for her either. I am indeed strong and Mr. Wind can't move me,
but I am no means the strongest of them all. There is one that can make me fall over
easily. The very thought of it is making me shake already." "Please Mr. Stone Buddha"
said Mr. Rat. "Please tell us who." "None other than you and your cousins the moles" said
Mr. Stone Buddha. "You and your cousins are very strong. Why if you burrow under my
feet, I'll fall over and land on my head. I'm no match for you" said Mr. Stone Buddha.
"Thank you" said Mr. Rat, "You've been very helpful.”

After the long search for a suitable suitor, the rat's daughter married a rat.

b. Personal Response Text

 Gives a personal opinion on a novel, play or film, referring to parts
within the passage
 Features:
o describes how you feel about a novel, film, book or play
o lists what did and did not appeal to you
o may comment on some of the features of the writing
 Examples:
c. What did you like about that artwork and why?

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 d. Describe why you do or do not like this story/poem.

 Sample Text:
A Personal Response about the story entitled “The Vanity of a Rat”

I think this story goes to show that the rats underestimated their own kind,
thinking that no one they knew was best for their daughter. It is understood though
that they only wanted the best for their only daughter so they sought for someone
who will good enough for her. However, how many times they asked someone and
failed an attempt for a man to marry her, they were still dedicated to find the best for
their daughter. After how many times, they came to Mr. Wall who told them that a
rat is what's best for their daughter.
I think the lesson for this story is not to underestimate things, people or even
animals to their tasks as they are intended to.

What I Have Learned

Complete the paragraph by writing down the things that you have learned
about Types of Text. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

My Diary

For the past few days, I have learned that there are two main

types of text. These are (1)_____________ and (2) ____________.

The first type of text is (3) ______________ its purpose are (4)

__________ and (5) ______________. The second type of text

is (6) _____________, its purpose are (7)____________ and

(8) _______________.

There are also five sub-types of text. These are (9)_______,

(10) __________, (11) __________, (12) __________, and

(13) ______________.

Knowing the types of text is very important because (14 – 15)

___________________________________________
______________________________________________.

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 What I Can Do
Activity 3: Let’s Think Critically!
Directions: Choose two (2) among the five text types with given topics and
write a short example of them. Write your answer on your answer sheet.
1. Explanatory Text (how plants grow)
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Expository Text (benefits of having adequate sleep)
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

3. Persuasive Text (importance of obeying health protocols)

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

4. Narrative Text (favorite childhood memory)

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
5. Personal Response (favorite movie, book or game)
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Assessment
Read and answer each question. Write the letter of your answer on your
answer sheet.
1. What is a factual text?
a. A text that is false c. A text that is true
b. A text that is entertaining d. A text that is short
2. Contrary to most people’s belief, high school students should not work part
time; such work hinders their academic performance and does not give them
any skill that will be useful in later life. Moreover, they may spend their
earnings on alcohol or drugs. What is the purpose of the text?
a. To persuade c. To entertain
b. To explain d. To inform
3. A persuasive text tries to ________________________.
a. Describe something c. Instruct you
b. Encourage you to do something d. Make you feel happy
4. A novel aims to _______________________________.
a. Advertise something c. Entertain you
b. Gives you facts d. Explain something
5. It gives a personal opinion on a novel, play or film, referring to parts within
the passage.
a. Expository b. Personal Response c. Explanatory d. Persuasive
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Answer Key

1. C
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. B
.

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