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Deterministic System

A deterministic system is one where the future states are fully determined by the initial conditions, without any randomness. Deterministic systems are modeled by differential equations in physics and chaos theory. In computer science, a deterministic algorithm or machine will always produce the same output from a given starting state, while pseudorandom number generators are also deterministic. Quantum mechanics and Markov chains are examples of non-deterministic systems.

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91 views

Deterministic System

A deterministic system is one where the future states are fully determined by the initial conditions, without any randomness. Deterministic systems are modeled by differential equations in physics and chaos theory. In computer science, a deterministic algorithm or machine will always produce the same output from a given starting state, while pseudorandom number generators are also deterministic. Quantum mechanics and Markov chains are examples of non-deterministic systems.

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Deterministic system

In mathematics, computer science and physics, a deterministic system is a system in which no randomness
is involved in the development of future states of the system.[1] A deterministic model will thus always
produce the same output from a given starting condition or initial state.[2]

In physics
Physical laws that are described by differential equations
represent deterministic systems, even though the state of the
system at a given point in time may be difficult to describe
explicitly.

In quantum mechanics, the Schrödinger equation, which


The trajectory of a projectile launched
describes the continuous time evolution of a system's wave
from a cannon is modeled by an ODE that
function, is deterministic. However, the relationship between a
is derived from Newton's second law.
system's wave function and the observable properties of the
system appears to be non-deterministic.

In mathematics
The systems studied in chaos theory are deterministic. If the initial state were known exactly, then the future
state of such a system could theoretically be predicted. However, in practice, knowledge about the future
state is limited by the precision with which the initial state can be measured, and chaotic systems are
characterized by a strong dependence on the initial conditions. This sensitivity to initial conditions can be
measured with Lyapunov exponents.

Markov chains and other random walks are not deterministic systems, because their development depends
on random choices.

In computer science
A deterministic model of computation, for example a deterministic Turing machine, is a model of
computation such that the successive states of the machine and the operations to be performed are
completely determined by the preceding state.

A deterministic algorithm is an algorithm which, given a particular input, will always produce the same
output, with the underlying machine always passing through the same sequence of states. There may be
non-deterministic algorithms that run on a deterministic machine, for example, an algorithm that relies on
random choices. Generally, for such random choices, one uses a pseudorandom number generator, but one
may also use some external physical process, such as the last digits of the time given by the computer clock.
A pseudorandom number generator is a deterministic algorithm, that is designed to produce sequences of
numbers that behave as random sequences. A hardware random number generator, however, may be non-
deterministic.

Others
In economics, the Ramsey–Cass–Koopmans model is deterministic. The stochastic equivalent is known as
real business-cycle theory.

See also
Deterministic system (philosophy)
Dynamical system
Scientific modelling
Statistical model
Stochastic process

References
1. deterministic system (http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/D/deterministic_system.htm
l) - definition at The Internet Encyclopedia of Science
2. Dynamical systems (http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Dynamical_systems) at
Scholarpedia

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