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Module 8 Linear Regression

Linear regression is used to predict scores on one variable based on another and can be visualized using scatter diagrams. The regression equation describes the linear relationship between variables as Y = a + bX, where a is the intercept, b is the slope, and X and Y are the variables. Regression results include r, the correlation between predicted and actual scores, and r2, the proportion of variability in Y explained by X. An example uses student grades to predict Assignment 2 scores from Assignment 1, finding a significant relationship between the variables.

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22 views20 pages

Module 8 Linear Regression

Linear regression is used to predict scores on one variable based on another and can be visualized using scatter diagrams. The regression equation describes the linear relationship between variables as Y = a + bX, where a is the intercept, b is the slope, and X and Y are the variables. Regression results include r, the correlation between predicted and actual scores, and r2, the proportion of variability in Y explained by X. An example uses student grades to predict Assignment 2 scores from Assignment 1, finding a significant relationship between the variables.

Uploaded by

Bryan Juanich Animo
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Module 8: Linear Regression

The Applied Research Center


Module 8 Overview
}  Purpose of Linear Regression
}  Scatter Diagrams
}  Regression Equation
}  Regression Results
}  Example
Purpose
}  To predict scores on one variable based on information
regarding the other variables.

}  OR

}  To explain why the participants scored differently on a


particular variable of interest.
Scatter Diagrams
}  Regression can best be understood by examining a
scatter diagram, which includes the data points and a line
of best fit.
Regression Equation
}  The slanted line passing through the data points of a
scatter diagram is the regression line or line of best
fit, which is used to make predictions.
}  The regression equation is the technical way of
describing the regression line.
}  Y = a + bX
}  Y is the predicted score for the dependent variable
}  a is the constant
}  b is the regression coefficient
}  X is the known score on the independent variable
Y = a + bX
}  a is the constant, or intercept
}  Indicates where the regression line would intersect the y axis
(or the vertical axis, also known as the ordinate).
}  It is the value for Y when X = 0
}  b is the regression coefficient, or the slope of the
regression line
}  It signifies how many predicted units of change (either positive
or negative) in the DV there are for any one unit increase in
the IV.
Regression Results
}  r
}  the degree to which the predicted scores match up to the
actual scores.
}  r2
}  Coefficient of determination
}  The proportion of variability in the dependent variable that is
explained by the independent variable
}  Reported as a percent
Example
}  A stats professor wanted to predict student grades on
Assignment 2 based on student grades on Assignment 1.

}  Step 1: Write your null and alternate hypotheses:


}  H0 = There is no relationship between Assignment 1 and
Assignment 2.
}  Ha = There is a relationship between Assignment 1 and
Assignment 2.
Example (cont d)
}  Step 2: Input the data into SPSS
}  Create a variable for Assignment 1 and a second variable
for Assignment 2
}  Input the student grades on Assignment 1 in the
Assignment 1 column and enter student grades on
Assignment 2 in the Assignment 2 column
Example (cont d)
}  Step 3: Create a scatter diagram
}  Graphs à Legacy Dialogues à Scatter/Dot
}  Click on Simple Scatter, then Define
}  Assignment 2à Y-axis box
}  Assignment 1à X-axis box
}  Click Ok
Example (cont d)
}  To add a regression line to the scatter plot
}  Double click on the chart (in the SPSS Output) to select it for
editing and maximize the chart editor
}  Click on any of the data points in the scatter plot to highlight
the data points
}  Click Elements from the main menu bar and click on Fit
Line at Total
}  Click Close
Example (cont d)
Example (cont d)
}  Step 4: Run the Bivariate Linear Regression
}  Analyze à Regressionà Linear
}  Assignment 2 à Dependent box
}  Assignment 1 à Independent box
}  Click Statistics
}  Click Confidence Intervals and Descriptives (make sure
Estimates and Model fit are also selected)
}  Click Continue
}  Click OK
Example (cont d)
Example (cont d)
Example (cont d)
}  Step 5: Write the prediction equation
}  Y = -4.39 + 1.16X
}  Step 6: Write up your results
}  The hypothesis was tested using a bivariate linear
regression to determine whether student grades on
Assignment 2 could be predicted based on student grades
from Assignment 1. Regression analysis revealed that the
model significantly predicted Assignment 2 grades based
on Assignment 1 grades, F (1, 23) = 18.207, p < .001. R2 for
the model was .44, and adjusted R2 was .42
Module 8 Summary
}  Purpose of Linear Regression
}  Scatter Diagrams
}  Regression Equation
}  Regression Results
}  Example
Review Activity
}  Please complete the review activity at the end of the
module.
}  All modules build on one another. Therefore, in order to
move onto the next module you must successfully
complete the review activity before moving on to next
module.
}  You can complete the review activity and module as many
times as you like.
Upcoming Modules
}  Module 1: Introduction to Statistics
}  Module 2: Introduction to SPSS
}  Module 3: Descriptive Statistics
}  Module 4: Inferential Statistics
}  Module 5: Correlation
}  Module 6: t-Tests
}  Module 7: ANOVAs
}  Module 8: Linear Regression
}  Module 9: Nonparametric Procedures

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