HITEC UNIVERSITY TAXILA CANTT

Instrumentation & Measurement

Department Of Mechanical Engineering
6th Semester
Semester Project
Section: C

By:
S# Name Reg#
1 Haseeb Ahmed 20-ME-113
2 Zain Khan 20-ME-106
3 Uzair Ahmed 20-ME-097
4 Saim Zafar 20-ME-089

Submitted to: Dr. Maaz Hassan

Topic:
Water Level Sensor and Float Valve
 Introduction:
The management of water levels in reservoirs, tanks, and other water storage systems is crucial
for efficient water usage and prevention of overflow or depletion. This project aimed to design
and implement a water level monitoring and control system using a water level sensor and a
float valve. The system automates the water level management process, ensuring optimal water
utilization and maintaining the desired water level.

1. Objectives:
The primary objectives of the project were as follows:
- Develop a robust water level sensing mechanism using appropriate sensors.
- Interface the water level sensor with a microcontroller for data acquisition and processing.
- Implement a precise control mechanism using a float valve to regulate the water level.
- Create a user-friendly interface for real-time monitoring and manual control of the water level.
- Ensure the system’s reliability, accuracy, and safety in various operating conditions.

2. System Overview:
The water level monitoring and control system comprised several key components:
- Water level sensor: An electronic sensor, such as a capacitive sensor, ultrasonic sensor, or
pressure sensor, installed inside the reservoir to accurately detect the water level.
- Microcontroller/Arduino UNO: A programmable device responsible for data acquisition from
the water level sensor, processing the information, and controlling the float valve accordingly.
- Float valve: A mechanical valve connected to the water source and located in the reservoir. It
opens and closes based on commands received from the microcontroller, regulating the water
level.
- User interface/LCD: A graphical interface or display unit that provides real-time information
about the water level, alerts for critical levels, and options to manually adjust the desired water
level.
 3. Sensor Selection and Integration:
The selection of an appropriate water level sensor was critical to ensure accurate and reliable
measurements. Factors considered during sensor selection included the type of sensor,
measurement range, resolution, compatibility with the microcontroller, and environmental
conditions. The sensor was integrated into the reservoir in a suitable location, considering
factors such as the desired measurement range, sensor placement to prevent damage.

4. Microcontroller System/Arduino UNO:

The microcontroller played a central role in the system, acting as the control unit. It was
responsible for acquiring data from the water level sensor, processing the information, and
making decisions regarding the control of the float valve. The microcontroller, such as Arduino
or Raspberry Pi, was programmed using appropriate programming languages and libraries to
perform these tasks effectively.
Code:
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

void setup() { Serial.begin(9600);

lcd.init();

lcd.backlight();

void loop() {

int value = analogRead(A0);

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print("Value :");

lcd.print(value);

lcd.print(" ");

Serial.println(value);

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

lcd.print("W Level :");

if (value == 0) {

lcd.print("Empty");
} else if (value> 1 && value < 350) {

lcd.print("LOW ");

} else if (value> 350 && value < 510) {

lcd.print("Medium"); } else if (value > 510){

lcd.print("HIGH");

}}

5. Float Valve Control:

The float valve was connected to the inlet hose of the tank. The microcontroller analysed the
water level readings and sent signals to the float valve to open or close accordingly. This control
mechanism ensured that the float valve maintained the desired water level within the reservoir.

6. User Interface:
The user interface was designed to facilitate easy monitoring and control of the water level. It
provided real-time information about the water level, numerical readings. The interface also
incorporated visual alerts for critical water levels, enabling prompt action.

7. System Testing and Performance Evaluation:

The system underwent comprehensive testing to evaluate its functionality, accuracy, and
reliability. Test scenarios included varying water level conditions, sensor calibration, response
time analysis, and user interaction simulations. Performance metrics, such as response time,
accuracy of the water level readings, power consumption, and system stability, were measured
and analyzed to ensure optimal performance.

8. Conclusion:
The water level sensor and float valve system successfully achieved its objectives of automating
water level management. It provides an efficient solution for monitoring water levels in
reservoirs, tanks, and similar storage.