FRM 041: Forest Surveying and Engineering

Activity #1
Pacing

RICMAR MAGARIN
Instructor

Haimen casim
Name of the Student

Section:
FfGgHh2

Date Performed:
AUGUST 31, 2022

Date Submitted:
SEPTEMBER 09, 2022
 I. INTRODUCTION

Foresters are those people who practices planting trees to those deforested,
manage, and cares about forests and they studied the course of B.S Forestry. Forest
surveying is one of their activities of managing and maintaining the cycle of the forests.
Pacing is one of the tools for a forester. In surveying, pacing is one of the easiest
methods of measuring distance in the field. It can also be used as recording distance
and validate distance from other measurements when error might be suspected. Pacing
consists of the number of steps or pace in a required distance. Measuring a pace is
from heel to heel or from toe to toe (Figure 1.). Pacing is also acceptable in determining
certain distance in situation where a low precision of measurement is required. Pacing
can also be used in engineering and agriculture. We conducted our pacing activity at
the golf course of MSU – main campus, Marawi City.

Figure 1. The pace and the Strides.

II. OBJECTIVES

a. Determining our individual pace factor.

b. Measure distance using our paces.

III. MATERIALS USED

a. 30-meter tape measure

b. Pen
c. Cellphone
d. tree branch
e. Hardcopy of the laboratory exercise/Notebook
f. Laptop
IV. PROCEDURES

1. Determining Pace Factor with the distance of 50-meter course.

a. Select a straight and level course and on both ends establish at least 50
meters apart. Designate these end points as A and B

b. Walk over the course at a natural pace starting with either heel or toe over
Point A and count the number of paces to reach point B.

c. For succeeding trials, walk from B to A, then A to B, until five trials are
completed, and the number of paces recorded accordingly.

d. Take note the collected data.

e. To compute for the pace factor, get the average of the number of paces and
then divide this to the taped length of course AB.

2. Determining the pace factor of the unknown distance and measuring its
distance by pacing.

a. The first step we did to conduct our unknown distance is by using a tree
branch by throwing the branch and identified the area from where it stopped
as our unknown distance. Designate these end points as C and D.

b. For the first trial, walk over the course from C to D at a natural pace and
record the number of paces. Then walk from D to C and again record the
number of paces.

c. Repeat the above procedure until all three trials are completed.

d. After the field data are recorded, make an actual taping of the course CD to
determine the taped distance.
 V. DATA, TABLES AND COMPUTATIONS

A. 50-Meter Course (Line A-B)

1. Course AB is a straight line with 50-meter course, on level ground. The
line is conducted at the golf course of MSU – main, Marawi City. Our tape
measure is only 30-meters long and to complete the required distance of
this activity, which is the 50-meter course, we split the measurement by
25-meters.
2. The 1st trial line AB is 50-meter course, on level ground equivalent to 69 paces.
3. The 2nd trial, line BA is equivalent to 69 paces, the 3rd trial, line AB is
equivalent to 69 paces, the 4th trial, line BA is equivalent to 67 paces, the
5th trial, line AB is equivalent to 66 paces.

4. Tabulate the collected data.

Collected Data
Trial Line Tape No. of Mean no. of Pace Factor
s distance paces paces (m/paces)
1st AB 69 paces
2nd BA 68 paces
3rd AB 50 meters 69 paces 67.7 paces 0.74m/paces
4th BA 67 paces
5th AB 66 paces

B. Unknown Distance Course (Line C-D)

a. The line CD was also conducted at the MSU – Main Golf course,
Marawi City.
b. For the 1st trial, I walked over to the line CD having 41 paces. While
the 2nd trial which is line DC is equivalent to 42 paces, and the third
trial which is the CD is equivalent to 41.50 paces, the 4th trial which is
the line DC is equivalent to 43 paces, and lastly, the 5th trial which is
the line CD is equivalent to 42 paces.
c. Line CD is equivalent to 41.50 paces.
 d. Tabulate the collected data
Collected Data
Trial Line No. of Mean Pace Tape Relative
s Paces Distance Distance Precision
1st CD 41 paces
2nd DC 42 paces 41.9
3rd CD 41.50 paces pace 31.01 meters 31.8 meters 0.0248
4th DC 43 paces
5th CD 42 paces

1. Complete the 50 – Meter course table

A. Find the mean number of paces

L = 50 meters (length of the course A-B)

N1 = 5 (number of trials)

a. Add the conducted paces:

Sum1 = 69+68+69+67+66

Sum1 = 339 paces

b. Then divide the result to the taken trials:

Formula: M1 = Sum1 / N1

M1 = 339 / 5

M1 = 67.8 paces

B. Find the pace factor

To find the pace factor, divide the value of tape distance of A-B course and the
mean number of paces of A-B course:

Formula: PF = TD / MP

PF = 50 m / 67.8 paces

PF = 0.737 m or 0.74 m / paces

2. Complete the unknown distance course table

C. Find the mean number of paces

L = 31.8 m (length of the course A-B)

N1 = 5 (number of trials)

a. Add the walked paces:

Sum1 = 41+42+41.50+43+42

Sum1 = 209.5 paces

b. Then divide the result to the taken trials to get the mean number of paces:

Formula: M1 = Sum1 / N1

M1 = 209.5 / 5

M1 = 41.9 paces

D. Find the pace distance

To find the pace distance, multiply the mean number of paces of line C-D course
to the pace factor.

Formula: PD = (MP) (PF)

PD = (41.9 paces) (0.74 m / paces)

PD = 31.01 m
 E. Find the relative precision
To find the relative precision, get the difference between the tape distance of A-B
and the paced distance of A-B course. Then, divide the difference by the taped distance
and reduce the numerator to unity to find the relative precision.

Formula: RP = TD – PD / TD

RP = 31.8 m – 31.01 m / 50 m

RP = 0.79 / 31.8 m

RP = 0.248

Since it was far from the required distance (50 m) we have to get its percentage
error so that we can determine if the conducted paces were exact.

F. Getting the percentage error

To get the percentage error, determine the difference between the taped distance of
CD course and the paced distance of CD course. Then, divide the difference by the
taped distance and lastly, multiply it by 100%.

Formula: %Error = (TD-PD) / TD x 100%

%Error = (31.8-31.01) / 31.8 x 100%

%Error = 2.48%
 F. CONCLUSION

Therefore, the conducted laboratory exercise performed on august 31, 2022 shows
how to determine the following: pace distance, pace factor, relative precision, the
average number of paces, the mean number of paces, percentage of error of the pace
and in general, it shows how to measure distance by pacing.

Furthermore, the line A-B contents were completed and determined the average
number of paces, the mean number of paces that resulted to 67.7 paces, and its relative
precision that resulted to 0.74 m / paces.

Hence, the line C-D contents were also completed and determined the average
number of paces, the mean number of paces that resulted to 41.9 m, it’s pace distance
that resulted to 31.01 m, and lastly, it’s relative precision that resulted to 0.248 and
since the result is far from the requirement, we determined the suspected error by
getting its percentage error that resulted to 2.48%.

G. RECOMMENDATION

In conducting this survey activity, I recommend the future takers of this subject to
conduct their survey in a smooth and straight ground or surface. It may cause errors to
their measurements if they conduct their survey to sloped or a rough surface and if
possible, do this activity indoor and it must be wide enough so that they can fulfill the
required distance measurement properly. By doing the pacing, be sure that their steps
were accurate in walking at the straight line and if not, it may cause error to their
measured data. Lastly, make sure to enjoy every moment while performing this activity
with their groupmates.
 H. APPENDECIES

Here are some pictures that we have captured while performing this laboratory activity.