ODIN | LANGUAGE ACADEMY | PRE-IELTS

LESSON TOPIC LANGUAGE POINT PAGE

Academic and Casual - Use language naturally and

1 Formal and Informal appropriately for different contexts 4
communication Changing from Casual to Academic

Introduction to IELTS & Test format & Speaking marking

2 10
Marking criteria explained criteria explained

Writing marking criteria explained

3 Marking criteria explained 15
What to expect for band score 4 + 5

Using dictionary
Research skills and Understanding A1-C1 difficulty
4 21
Vocabulary learning The importance of collocation
Organize/systemize your vocabulary

Grammar: Systemizing Essential grammar for IELTS

5 your grammar and Sentence constructions 29
applications Grammar learning resources

How to brainstorm
6 Idea brainstorming Statement - Explanation - Example 35
Structure in Speaking and Writing

7 Reading comprehension Skimming and Scanning 41

Listening actively and attentively

8 Listening comprehension How to make the best use of listening 46
materials

How to improve your pronunciation

9 Pronunciation in depth 51
Pronunciation in IELTS Speaking

10 Topic 1 - A great place 4 Skills 57

11 Topic 2 - People's lives 4 Skills 62

12 Topic 3 - Travelling 4 Skills 67

13 Topic 4 - Shopping 4 Skills 73

14 Topic 5 - Animal world 4 Skills 79

15 Topic 6 - Our lives 4 Skills 86

TABLE OF CONTENT
 ODIN | LANGUAGE ACADEMY | PRE-IELTS

LESSON 1

Academic Style: Formal and Informal

communication

I - WARM UP

Guess who? Đoán xem là ai nào?

Work in pairs. Each player chooses a mystery Làm việc theo cặp. Mỗi người chơi chọn một nhân
character and then, using yes or no questions, they vật bí ẩn và sau đó lần lượt sử dụng câu hỏi
try to figure out the other player's mystery character. Yes/No để tìm ra nhân vật bí ẩn của người chơi kia.
When they think they know who their opponent's Khi bạn nhận ra danh tính của đối thủ, bạn sẽ gọi
mystery character is, players make a guess. The tên đối thủ. Ai đoán được trước thì thắng!
one who gets the other player's name first wins!

Sample Question - Câu hỏi mẫu

Are you wearing glasses/a hat/a necklace/a tie?
Do you have blonde/brown/black/red hair?
Do you have a beard/a mustache/headphones?
Is your shirt blue/green/purple?

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II - LANGUAGE POINT

2.1. The difference between Academic English and General English

Sự khác biệt giữa Tiếng Anh học thuật và Tiếng Anh tổng quát (Tiếng Anh giao tiếp)
Formal (Academic) English is the genre of English used Tiếng Anh trang trọng (học thuật) là thể loại tiếng Anh
in the world of research, study, teaching and universities. được sử dụng trong nghiên cứu, học tập, giảng dạy và tại
Native English speakers also have to learn Academic các trường đại học. Những người nói tiếng Anh bản ngữ
English because it is not like the General English that is cũng phải học tiếng Anh học thuật vì nó không giống
used every day. In the IELTS test, knowledge about tiếng Anh giao tiếp hàng ngày. Trong bài thi IELTS, kiến
Academic English is required. thức về tiếng Anh học thuật là bắt buộc.

Informal (general) English is a loose term used to Tiếng Anh giao tiếp (tổng quát) là một thuật ngữ được sử
describe the type of English‫‏‬‎ required for everyday dụng để mô tả loại tiếng Anh dùng cho các tình huống
situations. hàng ngày.

Change these sentences into formal style and vice versa.

Exercise 1:
Chuyển các câu sau thành phong cách học thuật và ngược lại.

Informal Language Formal Language Informal Language Formal Language

Ngôn ngữ giao tiếp Ngôn ngữ học thuật Ngôn ngữ giao tiếp Ngôn ngữ học thuật

cây, hoa, cỏ nói chuyện

giao dịch tôi thấy chúng ta cần

quan tâm tới môi
ăn uống trường nhiều hơn
H2O sĩ tử
em ăn tối với anh nhé mọi người hay đi grab

Change these sentences into formal style and vice versa. Refer to Index “Formal &
Informal word lists”.
Chuyển các câu sau thành phong cách học thuật và ngược lại. Tham khảo phụ lục “Danh
sách từ vựng học thuật và giao tiếp”.

Informal Language Formal Language Informal Language Formal Language

Ngôn ngữ giao tiếp Ngôn ngữ học thuật Ngôn ngữ giao tiếp Ngôn ngữ học thuật

Need Lucky

Live Kids

Buy Free

Help Clear

Ask Blow up


Look at the following examples and conclude the general differences between Fomal and Informal
English.
Hãy xem các ví dụ sau và kết luận về sự khác biệt chung giữa tiếng Anh trang trọng và tiếng Anh giao tiếp.

Informal Language Formal Language Note

Ngôn ngữ giao tiếp Ngôn ngữ học thuật Ghi chú
We regret to inform you that
Grammar We're really sorry but we
we are not able to fulfil your
Ngữ pháp can't get your order to you.
order.

Can you tell us when you're Would you kindly inform us

Modal Verb
arriving? of the time of your arrival,
Động từ khuyết thiếu

please?

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You are aware that you can

Phrasal Verbs You know we'll always back count on our
Cụm động từ you up, no matter what. unwavering support in any
occasion.
I'm happy to let you know
Pronouns We are pleased to inform
that you're a part of the team
Đại từ you that you are hired.
now!
Vocabulary Again
Repeatedly
Từ vựng & Again
Contractions
I can't go home. I cannot return to my home.
Viết tắt
Colloquial and slang I just wanna
I would like to thank you
Tiếng lóng say thx

2.2. Converting First and Second person to Third.

Cách chuyển từ ngôi thứ nhất sang ngôi thứ ba

Exercise 2: Rewrite these sentences by changing the subject from first person pronoun to third.
Viết lại các câu sau bằng cách thay đổi chủ ngữ từ ngôi thứ nhất sang ngôi thứ ba.

1) I considered various research methods for the study. 4) You should make sure your students all have pencils
........................................................................................... before handing out tests.
........................................................................................... ...........................................................................................
2) During the interview we asked the applicants for a ...........................................................................................
personal reference. 5) When I was little, I was bitten by a dog, and now I am
........................................................................................... afraid of them.
........................................................................................... ...........................................................................................
3) I think Dallas Baptist University is the greatest school ...........................................................................................
in the area. 6) People think that he is truly a good person.
........................................................................................... ...........................................................................................
........................................................................................... ...........................................................................................

Definitions Định nghĩa

First Person Voice: Ngôi thứ nhất:
• Words like I, me, my, ours, and we • Những từ như I, me, my, ours, and we
• Used to tell personal stories • Dùng để kể chuyện cá nhân
• Useful for the reader to see into the writer’s thoughts • Hữu ích cho người đọc nhìn vào suy nghĩ của người viết
and feel the writer’s emotions và cảm nhận được cảm xúc của người viết
Second Person Voice: Ngôi thứ hai:
• Words like you and your • Những từ như you và your
• Used to directly address the reader, especially when • Dùng để xưng hô trực tiếp với người đọc, nhất là khi
giving directions đưa ra chỉ dẫn
• Useful for the language of everyday life and creating a • Hữu ích cho ngôn ngữ đời thường và tạo sự gắn bó giữa
bond between the writer and the reader người viết và người đọc

Third Person Voice: Ngôi thứ ba:

• Words like he, she, they, person, one, and descriptive • Những từ như he, she, they, person, one và những từ mô
words like author, reader, player tả như author, reader, player
• Used in most formal academic writing • Được sử dụng trong hầu hết các văn bản học thuật
• Useful for the writer to maintain an all-knowing, trang trọng
unbiased perspective • Hữu ích cho người viết để duy trì quan điểm toàn diện,
không thiên vị

Q: Which voice is suitable for Formal English?

Ngôi kể nào phù hợp với văn trang trọng?

................................................................................................................................................................

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Exercise 3: Match these sentences to the appropriate paragraph.

Nối câu với đoạn văn phù hợp

i. For the first time in my life, I had to move out of my parents’ house and onto the college campus.
ii. For many students, the first year of college is their first time living outside of their parents’ house.

A.______________________________. I immediately had to decide whether I wanted to live in a dorm setting or

an apartment setting. You can see benefits to both, but I think the dorms are better. In the dorms we have a better
opportunity for social interaction while we are adjusting to college. We also have easy access to all-you-can-eat
food. Also, a resident assistant acts as your mentor and guide throughout your first year of college. Although the
apartments would give me more independence, dorms are a better fit for me because of the social opportunities,
unlimited food, and mentorship.

B._______________________________. These students must decide whether to live in a dorm setting or an

apartment setting. Both have benefits, but dorms are often the better option. In the dorms, students have a better
opportunity for social interaction while they are adjusting to college. They also have easy access to many food
choices. Also, resident assistants on the dorm halls provide guidance and mentorship for students. Although the
apartments provide more independence to students, dorms are a better fit for first-year students because of the
social opportunities, unlimited food, and mentorship.

III - GRAMMAR: PASSIVE VOICE

3.1. What is a passive sentence?

Câu bị động là gì?

Passive voice is a sentence that emphasizes the object Câu bị động là câu nhấn mạnh đối tượng (chủ ngữ) là
(subject), which normally is the person or thing affected người hoặc vật bị tác động bởi một hành động thay vì
by the action instead of the agent performing the action. nhấn mạnh vào đối tượng thực hiện hành động. Thì trong
The tense in the passive sentence also follows the tense in câu bị động tuân theo thì trong câu chủ động của chính
the active sentence. nó.

Example/Ví dụ:
+ She is loved by everyone.
⟶ Cô ấy được yêu quý bởi mọi người.
⟶ Phân tích: Động từ ‘love’ được chia ở dạng V-ed: ‘loved’. Động từ ‘be’ được chia thành ‘is’ theo thì
Hiện tại Đơn.

Exercise 4: Change the following sentences into passive voice. Mention the agent where necessary.
Chuyển các câu sau sang thể bị động. Đề cập đến chủ ngữ ẩn khi cần thiết.

1) They look after the baby very well. 4) Does she kiss you every morning?
........................................................................................... ...........................................................................................
2) Did Peter do the washing up? 5) Spielberg directed the film in 1990.
........................................................................................... ...........................................................................................
3) Somebody broke the window last night. 6) We didn't take the bus.
........................................................................................... ...........................................................................................

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 ODIN | LANGUAGE ACADEMY | PRE-IELTS

Exercise 5: Passive voice board game.

Cuộc đua câu bị động

Work in pairs. Each player in turns converts the Làm việc theo cặp. Lần lượt từng người chơi
given sentences into passive voice and vice chuyển đổi các câu đã cho thành câu bị động và
versa. Try to be the first pair finish the game in ngược lại. Hãy cố gắng hoàn thành tất cả các ô
your class! nhanh nhất có thể!

Sample - Câu mẫu

I am reading a comic book => The comic book is being read by me.
Spider man is watching TV now => TV is being watched by Spider man at the moment.
The map was lost by Iron Man => Iron Man lost the map.

LESSON 1 | PAGE 8
 ODIN | LANGUAGE ACADEMY | PRE-IELTS

HOMEWORK

Task 1: Match the sentences in the two columns which convey the same meaning.
Nối những câu có cùng nghĩa từ hai cột.

1) I assume that the suggestion I offered is the best a) You have to pay one hundred pounds for the course;
solution. Thus, I recommend that you accept this advice. you can also use all the stuff you need.
2) I really think you should pay us a visit. b) I am writing to answer your questions about the thing
3) All the necessary travel preparations can be arranged you bought.
through their office. c) What is more, they give you any means of travel you
4) I am writing in reply to your query about the item you want.
purchased. d) They told me I wouldn't be able to send back the things
5) I would appreciate a reply at your earliest convenience. I bought and get my money back.
6) I have no other alternative but to rescind the order that e) There's no other way but to cancel the thing I ordered
I placed due to your inability to deliver it in timely because you couldn't deliver it soon enough.
fashion. f) Anyway, everything worked out just fine.
7) The item in question will satisfy all your requirements. g) I am sure that what I told you is the best way to handle
8) Moreover, desired transportation is also provided. the situation, so you should follow my advice.
9) You can really get a feel for the local culture. h) In case there's something else I should know, keep me
10) I was informed that I could not return the items I posted.
bought and get a full refund. i) I'll be thankful if you write me back soon.
11) My responsibilities included assisting the managers. j) Why don't you come and visit us?
12) All in all, the matter was resolved amicably. k) There's no way I'll keep on working with them.
13) The course fee is one hundred pounds, including l) This product will make you very happy.
using all the necessary equipment. m) That company will take care of your trip organization.
14) I no longer wish to do business with them. n) It'll be possible to experience their traditions.
15) If there is anything else I have to be aware of, please o) I was responsible for helping the managers.
let me know.

Task 2: Replace the informal words in these Task 3: Order the following sentences. Decide
sentences. You might need to use a dictionary or the correct form of the verb (active or passive).
refer to “Formal & Informal word lists”. Thứ tự các câu sau. Quyết định dạng đúng của
Thay thế các từ không trang trọng trong những câu động từ (chủ động hoặc bị động).
sau. Bạn có thể cần sử dụng từ điển hoặc tham khảo
“Danh sách từ trang trọng & trang trọng”.
1) Yesterday/ clean/ the room
Example: Her dad worked at a factory => Her father ........................................................................................
worked at a factory. 2) Blow down / two trees /yesterday
The word dad is used in a familiar way, which makes it ........................................................................................
sound informal. Father is a better word to use in 3) Bake/ bread/ my grandma/ on Sundays
formal writing. ........................................................................................
1) They bought an awesome house around the corner. 4) Not drive/in many countries /on the left/they
........................................................................................ ........................................................................................
2) There were lots of people at the museum. 5) Make/butter/ from milk?
........................................................................................ ........................................................................................
3) Jane ain't going to tell anyone. 6) How/you/ find out/ the truth?
........................................................................................ ........................................................................................
4) Oscar started freaking out about the test. 7) When/ this church/ build?
........................................................................................ ........................................................................................
5) When the cops arrived, the crook ran outside. 8) When /Carla/start/ her stamp collection?
........................................................................................ ........................................................................................
6) He checked his cell for any messages.
........................................................................................
Task 4: Record yourself converting all sentences
7) The family chilled by the pool all afternoon. in the board game (Exercise 5).
........................................................................................ Ghi âm lại bản thân chuyển đổi tất cả câu trong trò
8) She bought a bunch of stuff at the mall. chơi cuộc đua câu bị động (Excercise 5).
........................................................................................

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 ODIN | LANGUAGE ACADEMY | PRE-IELTS

LESSON 2

The Introduction to IELTS & Marking

criteria for Speaking

0 - HOME PREPARATION

Do your own research about the IELTS test

On the Internet, there is a lot of information about the IELTS test. You cannot be an effective learner if you
do not conduct your own research. With search engines (Google, Bing, cốc cốc, etc) find and read as much
as possible about the IELTS test in 30 minutes.

Tự nghiên cứu về kỳ thi IELTS

Trên mạng có rất nhiều thông tin về kỳ thi IELTS. Bạn không thể là một người học hiệu quả nếu bạn không
tự tiến hành nghiên cứu về đối tượng học của mình. Với các công cụ tìm kiếm (Google, Bing, cốc cốc,
v.v.), hãy tìm và đọc càng nhiều càng tốt về kỳ thi IELTS trong 30 phút.

I - WARM UP

IELTS test quiz! Trắc nghiệm IELTS!

Let see how much you know about the test after Hãy xem bạn biết bao nhiêu về bài thi tra sau khi
conducting your own research! tiến hành tự nghiên cứu !

Q3: To achieve band Q4: If you exceed

Q1: How long is Q2: How many score 7 in listening, the required
your IELTS score questions are how many questions number of words
valid for? there in the should you answer in listening, ...
listening test? correctly (out of 40)?
a. 1 year a. you lose the whole
a. 30 a. 30 mark
b. 2 years b. 40
c. 3 years b. 33 b. you lose half a mark
c. 50 c. 35 c. it doesn't matter

Q5: If you make a Q7: The speaking

Q6: The speaking test is a face-to-face Q8: What is not
small spelling mistake test has …………. assessed in the
in listening,.... interview that lasts
parts. ……? speaking test?

a. you lose
the whole
mark a. 2 a. 5-6 minutes a. Fluency
b. you lose half a mark b. 3 b. 11-14 minutes b. Pronunciation
c. it doesn't matter c. 4 c. 20-25 minutes c. Using a native
accent

Q9: How many Q10: In writing Q11: How many Q12: Is

sections are there in Task 1 Academic, words should you paragraphing
the reading test? you are asked to: write in writing task important in

2? Writing task 2?
a. 2 a. Describe a bar graph,
b. 3 a chart, a map or a a. 150 a. Yes
c. 4 process b. 200 b. No
b. Write an essay c. 250 c. Sometimes
c. Write a letter

LESSON 2 | PAGE 10
 ODIN | LANGUAGE ACADEMY | PRE-IELTS

II - LANGUAGE POINT

2.1. Test format

Cấu trúc bài thi

2.2. Marking Criteria in Speaking

Tiêu chí chấm thi Nói

The speaking part will last for 11-14 minutes. Candidates Phần thi nói sẽ kéo dài trong thời gian từ 11-14 phút Thí
will talk directly with the examiner and, through the sinh sẽ trao đổi trực tiếp với giám khảo , thông qua quá
question and answer process, the examiner will evaluate trình hỏi đáp, giám khảo sẽ đánh giá và cho điểm thí sinh.
and give the candidate a score.

Conducting Example
Cách tiến hành Ví dụ
You will be asked general questions about yourself and some Ielts Speaking 1 Practice 1
similar topics such as your home, family, work, study and (Accommodation & Hometown)
Part 1 hobbies. This section lasts four to five minutes. 1. Where is your hometown?
Interview Bạn sẽ được hỏi những câu hỏi chung về bản thân và vài chủ đề 2. What do you like about it?
Phỏng vấn tương tự như là nhà bạn, gia đình, công việc, học tập và sở thích. 3. What do you not like about it?
Phần này kéo dài từ bốn đến năm phút. 4. How important is your hometown to
you?
You talk about a particular topic. You will have one minute to Talk about a book you have read
prepare before speaking for up to two minutes. The examiner will recently. You should say:
Part 2 then ask you a question or two about the topic at the end of the How and why you got it 

Monologue test. How long it took you to read it 

Độc thoại Bạn nói về một chủ đề cụ thể. Bạn sẽ có một phút để chuẩn bị What kind of book it is 

trước khi nói tối đa hai phút. Sau đó giám khảo sẽ hỏi bạn một and say if you would like to read
hoặc hai câu về chủ đề này để kết thúc phần thi. something else similar or not, and why,
You will be asked more about the topic in Part 2. These questions
provide an opportunity for you to further discuss abstract issues Ielts Speaking 3 Practice 3 (Books)
and concepts. This section lasts four to five minutes. The 1. Do people read more nowadays?
Speaking section is conducted in a way that does not allow you to 2. Do you read before going to bed?
Part 3
repeat previously presented answers. 3. In your opinion, how will e-books
Interview
Bạn sẽ được hỏi thêm về chủ đề trong Phần 2. Các câu hỏi này affect paper books?
Phỏng vấn
tạo cơ hội cho bạn thảo luận thêm về các vấn đề và ý niệm trừu 4. What's the difference between films
tượng. Phần này kéo dài từ bốn đến năm phút. Phần thi môn Nói and books?
được tiến hành theo cách không cho phép bạn lặp lại các câu trả
lời đã trình bày trước đó.

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Exercise 1: Find 12 mistakes in the candidate's answers. You may need to add to or delete it.
Tìm 12 lỗi trong câu trả lời của thí sinh. Bạn có thể cần phải thêm giới từ "to" hoặc xoá nó.

Interviewer: What kind of thing do you like doing in your spare time?
Candidate: Well, I really enjoy to listening to music and I also like doing sport in my free time. I think everyone
should to look after their body and try keep fit. I love soccer, and I was actually offered a place in my local
soccer team, but I had turn it down because my parents wouldn't to allow me take it.

Interviewer: Are there any new skills you would like to learn in the future?
Candidate: Well, as I said, I love music, so I would love to learn to play the guitar one day. When I was
younger, my parents suggested to studying a musical instrument, but I wasn't interested at that time. If you want
be a good musician, you really must to work hard and keep to practising every day. At that time, I was spending a
lot of time to studying so I couldn't do it then, but I'm looking forward learning to play some time in the future.

Exercise 2: Fill in the appropriate words in the Script of the following Speaking part II.
Điền các từ thích hợp vào Script của phần Speaking part II sau.

Describe one of your best friends

I would like to talk about a friend of mine who is also my mother and a person I have known all my life. When it
comes to talking about her 1)…………….. , she’s in her 50s, but she looks young for her age. She’s a passionate
home cook who knows a lot of dishes from different 2)…………….. and understands flavor combinations. I
often spend time making cakes with Mom. We usually look for inspiration and recipes online. Sometimes, we
make some changes to the 3)…………….. to suit our taste, such as reducing the amount of sugar. Mum does
most of the baking, and I do the 4)…………….. . I’m the first to enjoy the freshly baked goods.

The reason I choose to talk about my Mom 5)…………….. any friends at school is because we spend a lot of
time together. Through cooking, we have a great bonding time in which I can share what happened in class and
ask her for some 6)…………….. . I can pretty much confide anything with her. Another lesson I learned from
my mum is attention to detail because, with baking, miscalculation of any 7)…………….. can lead to disastrous
results.
appearance cuisines recipe clean-up instead of advice ingredients

SPEAKING CRITERIA
TIÊU CHÍ PHẦN THI NÓI

Band 5 Speaking Criteria Band 6 Speaking Criteria

Tiêu chí band 5 phần thi nói Tiêu chí band 6 phần thi nói
Có khả năng duy trì dòng chảy của lời nói Có khả năng nói dòng, mặc dù đôi khi có thể
nhưng còn lặp từ, tự sửa lỗi và/hoặc nói chậm. mất sự mạch lạc do lặp từ, tự sửa lỗi hoặc ngập
Fluency
Các liên từ chưa được dùng linh hoạt. ngừng.
Trôi chảy
Nói trôi chảy các câu đơn giản, nhưng gặp khó Sử dụng nhiều từ nối nhưng không phải lúc
khăn khi nói các câu phức tạp. nào cũng phù hợp.
Có khả năng nói về các chủ đề quen thuộc Có vốn từ vựng đủ rộng để thảo luận về các
Lexical
nhưng cách sử dụng từ vựng còn hạn chế. chủ đề khác nhau và diễn đạt ý rõ ràng, mặc
resource
Cố gắng paraphrase nhưng không thành công. dù từ được chọn đôi khi chưa phù hợp.
Từ vựng
Có đủ từ để diễn đạt những ý cơ bản. Thường paraphrase thành công.
Sử dụng các ngữ pháp cơ bản với độ chính xác
Sử dụng kết hợp các cấu trúc câu đơn và câu
tương đối.
Grammar phức, nhưng còn hạn chế.
Khi cố gắng sử dụng các cấu trúc phức tạp thì
Ngữ pháp Còn mắc lỗi với các cấu trúc câu phức, tuy
thường gặp lỗi và có thể gây khó hiểu cho
nhiên lỗi hiếm khi làm người nghe khó hiểu.
người nghe.
Phát âm tương đối tốt nhưng đôi khi còn mất
kiểm soát.
Pronunciatio Khả năng phát âm còn hạn chế.
Thể hiện được các đặc trưng phát âm của
n Phát âm sai thường xuyên và đôi khi gây khó
Tiếng Anh nhưng không duy trì xuyên suốt.
Phát âm khăn cho người nghe.
Người nghe thấy dễ hiểu, dù đôi khi còn phát
âm sai.

LESSON 2 | PAGE 12
 ODIN | LANGUAGE ACADEMY | PRE-IELTS

Based on the criteria, determine whether the following answers are band 5 or 6
Exercise 3:
Dựa trên các tiêu chí hãy xác định các phần trả lời sau khi được band 5 hoặc 6.

Q1: What kind of people become famous in China?

You know those actors, especially the movie actors and the sports actor. Sorry, the movie actors and the sports
stars. They are very famous now in China because they can be seen by the people every day during the movie, on
the advertisements, they can be seen all times. So they are very famous. And those people who are very rich and
who has who had a really big company and they can they are also we know on the TV, on the news. So they are
very famous as well.

Q2: Why do sports stars and movie stars become so popular?

Because they usually they maybe they touch the, the feeling of, of the people all the
people, especially the young ones. Because I think all of us especially the young one
wanted to be or wanted to have the exper... skills of, of the sports main they have. Or
maybe to be just a famous actors or some like that. So I think they feeling something in
our, they touch the something in our feeling.

Q3: do you think having a hobby is good for people's social life?
Yes, I think. I think, first, because, you can,… it is something that you,… you don't do
always, it’s not like going to work or going to study so it's something you really enjoy
and it's good relax, it can be a way to escape from day to day activities.

Exercise 4: Improve sample answers to get a higher band score, practice asking and answering in
pairs.
Tiến hành cải thiện phần trả lời mẫu để đạt được band điểm cao hơn, luyện tập hỏi và trả lời
theo cặp.
.

HOMEWORK

Task 1: Write and record your answers to the Task 2: Listen and fill in the blanks. Write
following questions. ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
Soạn và ghi âm lại phần trả lời các câu hỏi sau. Nghe và điền vào chỗ trống. Viết 1 từ duy nhất vào
mỗi chỗ trống.
1) Are you working or are you a student?
2) Can you tell me about your hometown? Bankside Recruitment Agency
3) What do you do in your free time? Address of agency: 497 Eastside, Docklands
4) Do you like reading? Name of agent: Becky 1) .....................
5) What is the most important festival in your country? Phone number: 07866 510333
6) How often do you shop on the internet? Best to call her in the 2) .....................
7) Which do you prefer reading, newspapers or
magazines? Why? Typical jobs
8) Do you think computers help society? Clerical and admin roles, mainly in the finance
9) What is your favorite season? industry
10) Do you play any musical instruments? Must have good 3) ..................... skills
Jobs are usually for at least one 4) .....................
Pay is usually 5 £...................... per hour

Task 3: Listen, mark, and improve the following IELTS answers.

Nghe, chấm điểm và cải thiện các phần câu trả lời sau.

Answer Trôi chảy Ngữ pháp Từ vựng Phát âm Overall

1
2
3
4

LESSON 2 | PAGE 13
 ODIN | LANGUAGE ACADEMY | PRE-IELTS

Task 4: Memorize the meanings of the following AW words, complete the table and fill in the blanks
with suitable words.
Học thuộc nghĩa các từ thuộc AW sau, hoàn thành bảng và điền từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống.

IPA IPA
Từ Nghĩa Từ Nghĩa
Transcription Transcription

available estimate 

financial variable 

process research

individual data

sector method

principle contract 

specific export

1) In the financial ....................., banks and insurance companies have both lost a lot of money.
2) British weather is perhaps at its most ..................... in the spring.
3) Every ..................... has rights which must never be taken away.
4) The US government has funded some ..................... on high-speed trains.
5) The company needs more ..................... assistance from the government.
6) New teaching ..................... encourage children to think for themselves.
7) The government has promised to uphold the ..................... of democracy.
8) She already has a ..................... for her next book with a publisher.
9) They had ..................... on health, education, and economic development.
10) Her new book is ..................... in bookstores all across America.
11) India grows tea for .....................
12) The number of people who applied for the course was 120 compared with an initial ..................... of between 50
and 100.
13) Going to court to obtain compensation is a long .....................
14) The virus attacks ..................... cells in the brain.

LESSON 2 | PAGE 14
 ODIN | LANGUAGE ACADEMY | PRE-IELTS

LESSON 3

Writing marking criteria explained

0 - HOME PREPARATION

Cấu trúc phần thi viết

(Thời gian: 60 phút)
Bài thi Viết – IELTS Học thuật
Cấu trúc đề thi IELTS kĩ năng Viết Học thuật bao gồm hai phần. Các chủ đề xuất hiện trong bài thi viết
thích hợp với những người có ý định vào đại học hoặc cao học hoặc theo đuổi chuyên môn.

Thang điểm bài thi IELTS Writing

Bài thi IELTS Writing được chấm dựa trên các tiêu chí:
Khả năng hoàn thành yêu cầu bài thi và phân tích đề bài tốt - Task Response/Achievement.
Thể hiện sự mạch lạc, gắn kết các câu trong đoạn văn - Coherence and Cohesion.
Vốn từ vựng sáng tạo - Lexical Resource.
Độ chính xác của ngữ pháp - Grammatical Range and Accuracy.

Bạn sẽ được xem một đồ thị, bảng, hay biểu đồ và được yêu cầu miêu tả, tóm tắt, giải thích thông tin
Task 1 bằng từ ngữ của chính mình. Bạn cũng có thể được yêu cầu mô tả và giải thích các giai đoạn của một
quá trình hay một đối tượng, một sự kiện.
Bạn sẽ được yêu cầu viết một bài luận để phản hồi một quan điểm, một lập luận hay một vấn đề.
Task 2
Bạn phải hoàn thành cả hai phần thi bằng phong cách viết văn trang trọng.

Task 1 Sample Question: Task 2 Sample Question:

The chart below shows the number of people employed in five Some people think that the
types of work in a certain region in Australia in 2001 and 2008. best way to be successful in
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main life is to get a university
features, and make comparisons where relevant. education. Others disagree
and say that nowadays this is
no longer true.
Discuss both views and give
your own opinion.

Tham khảo phụ lục

Criteria for writing

LESSON 3 | PAGE 15
 ODIN | LANGUAGE ACADEMY | PRE-IELTS

I - WARM UP

Wheel game! Trò chơi bánh xe!

Play with your partner, answer the given IELTS Chơi với đối tác của bạn, trả lời câu hỏi Speaking
speaking part 1 question! part 1!

1) Tell me something 2) What does your 3) What do you like about

about your hometown! neighborhood look like? your hometown?

4) Do you like your 5) What sort of music do

6) Do you like shopping?
job/studies? you like?

7) Is there anything you 8) Is there anything you

9) Is there any food you
don’t like about your don’t like about your
don’t like?
hometown? job/studies?

10) What’s the worst 12) What kinds of

11) What type of weather
thing about shopping? restaurants are popular
do you dislike?
in your country?

13) What types of shops 14) What types of things 15) What types of TV
can be found in your local do people collect in your programmes are popular
area? country? in your country?

18) When you go out in

16) When do you usually 17) Who do you spend
the evenings, what do
read? your evenings with?
you usually do?

20) What kinds of emails

19) How often do you play 21) Do you prefer to email,
do you receive about your
sports? call or text your friends?
work or studies?

22) Are you happy to 23) What do you 24) What was your
receive emails that remember about learning favourite thing about
advertise things? languages at school? school?

24) Do you think it would

25) How often do you
be more enjoyable to go 26) Why are you taking
wear jewelry? What type
swimming outdoors or at the IELTS test?
do you like the most?
an indoor pool?

LESSON 3 | PAGE 16
 ODIN | LANGUAGE ACADEMY | PRE-IELTS

II - LANGUAGE POINT

2.1. Writing criteria

Tiêu chí chấm điểm phần thi Viết

Task Achievement (for Task 1)

This criterion examines the overview and information that you provide, details of your content, and the
accuracy with which you have mentioned key features and illustrations. You are supposed to write 150
words for Task 1 or else there will be a penalty for being under word count limit.
Tiêu chí này đánh giá phần nhận xét tổng quan, thông tin mà bạn báo cáo, chi tiết về nội dung và độ chính
xác của số liệu. Bạn phải viết ít nhất 150 từ cho Task 1. Bạn sẽ bị trừ điểm nếu viết thiếu từ.

Task Response (for Task 2)

In this criterion, the type of response that you write for the essay type question is determined. It assesses the
main idea of your essay and the way you develop it with relative examples. You are supposed to write 250
words for Task 2. Otherwise, you will be penalized for writing fewer words.
Tiêu chí đánh giá nội dung câu trả lời bạn đưa ra, bao gồm ý chính của bài luận và cách bạn phát triển bài
luận bằng dẫn chứng. Bạn phải viết ít nhất 250 từ cho Task 2. Nếu không, bạn sẽ bị trừ điểm.

Coherence & Cohesion

This IELTS Writing Criterion determines the proper use of linking words, paragraphing skills and use of
cohesive devices (for example, connectors, conjunctions). Also, the number of paragraphs is taken into
consideration. Dividing your essay into more or fewer paragraphs might lower your score.
Tiêu chí này đánh giá khả năng sử dụng từ liên kết, cấu trúc đoạn và dẫn ý bằng cohesive devices. Số lượng
các đoạn văn sẽ được xem xét. Cách bạn chia đoạn sẽ ảnh hưởng tới điểm số của các bạn.

Lexical Resource
Under this criterion, the use of a sufficient range of vocabulary, proper spellings, correct implementation of
collocations, and word formation are taken care of while scoring. You must avoid using incorrect words and
informal language.
Trong tiêu chí này, việc sử dụng đủ lượng từ vựng, viết đúng chính tả, chọn đúng các cụm từ và cấu tạo từ
được xét đến. Bạn phải tránh sử dụng sai từ và ngôn ngữ informal.

Grammatical Range & Accuracy

To score this criterion, things taken into consideration include sentence structures, proper use of tenses,
correct punctuation, the use of simple as well as complex sentences with clear ideas, and control over
grammar.
Để chấm điểm tiêu chí này, những điều được xem xét bao gồm cấu trúc câu, sử dụng đúng thì, đặt dấu câu
đúng, sử dụng các câu đơn giản cũng như phức tạp với ý rõ ràng và khả năng kiểm soát ngữ pháp.

How do the examiners mark your work?

Total Writing Band Score: 7 + 6.5 = 13.5 / 2 = 6.75 = 6.5 (rounded down)

LESSON 3 | PAGE 17
 ODIN | LANGUAGE ACADEMY | PRE-IELTS

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks in the following text with your own words. Use a different verb or
phrase for each space. There can be more than one answer for each blank.
Điền vào chỗ trống với các từ của riêng bạn. Có thể có nhiều hơn một câu trả lời cho mỗi
chỗ trống.
The graph (1).............. the number of professional and
manual jobs available over a 20-year period. The number of
manual job vacancies (2).............. dramatically between
1985 and 1990, but then it (3).............. over the next 5 years
from 1990 to 1995. The number of professional jobs
available also (4).............. between 1985 and 1990, reaching
a peak of approximately 15,000. The figures then
(5).............. until 2005, when they (6).............. to 10,000.
The figures for manual jobs (7).............. since 1995 . These
figures (8).............. that, overall, there are fewer professional
jobs available than manual jobs.

Correct the 12 vocabulary and spelling mistakes in the following text.

Exercise 2:
Sửa 12 lỗi về loại từ và chính tả trong đoạn văn sau.

There is far too much advertising on TV these days.' Do you agree?

Nowdays, if you watch a programme on TV, you should expect to watch a large number of advertising to. It
seems that television advertise is the price we pay for free-to-air TV. But is this price higher than we realise?
Not only are constant advetisements annoying, but they also mean that youngs are being constantly told to buy
things they dont need or eat things that aren't healthy. It often seems as through children are being specifically
targeted by the advertise industry because they make there commercials very colorful and loud, and so even
very young children are attracted to them. I think it is important to realise that TV's are a very effective teaching
tool and we should therefore take more care with how this medium is used.

Band Tiêu chí đánh giá - Task 1 Tiêu chí đánh giá - Task 2

Trình bày bài rõ ràng, phân đoạn khéo léo. Trình bày trọn vẹn nội dung, triển khai ý tưởng tốt.
9 Từ vựng đa dạng. Từ ngữ chặt chẽ, trôi chảy. 
Cấu trúc câu linh hoạt, ngữ pháp chính xác. Từ vựng, ngữ pháp chính xác. Chỉ mắc vài sai sót
Chỉ mắc vài sai sót nhỏ.  nhỏ. 

Trình bày luận điểm rõ ràng, hợp lý ngữ cảnh. Trình bày nội dung, triển khai ý tưởng tốt.
8 Từ vựng linh hoạt, đôi khi sử dụng từ không Phân đoạn văn hợp lý.
chính xác. Sử dụng từ vựng thông thạo, chính xác. Các từ vựng
Nhiều cấu trúc câu khác nhau. Ít khi mắc lỗi. phức tạp đôi khi được sử dụng không chính xác.

Trình bày nội dung rõ ràng. Làm nổi bật các ý Trình bày quan điểm rõ ràng, nhưng thiếu chi tiết. 
7 tưởng, tuy nhiên cần khai thác chi tiết hơn.  Sắp xếp ý tưởng theo trật tự. Liên kết câu còn chưa
Liên kết câu chặt chẽ, tuy đôi chỗ còn lủng chặt chẽ. 
củng.  Từ vựng, ngữ pháp chính xác. Đôi lúc còn mắc lỗi
Từ vựng linh hoạt. Đôi lúc mắc lỗi chính tả. chính tả.

Trình bày nội dung rõ ràng, tuy đôi lúc các ý Xử lý được yêu cầu đề bài. Còn lặp ý, ý tưởng chưa
6 tưởng chưa được nhất quán.  được phát triển chi tiết. 
Liên kết câu hiệu quả. Đôi khi chưa tự nhiên, Liên kết giữa các câu thiếu sự tự nhiên. 
còn khá máy móc.  Từ vựng phù hợp. Đôi khi mắc lỗi chính tả nhưng
Từ vựng sử dụng tương đối đủ. không ảnh hưởng quá lớn.

Đáp ứng được yêu cầu đề bài. Tuy nhiên chưa Trình bày được quan điểm nhưng chưa rõ ràng. Ý
5 bao hàm hết ý chính, còn rập khuôn.   tưởng còn giới hạn. 
Sắp xếp ý hợp lý. Đôi khi còn khá lủng củng.  Ý tưởng được sắp xếp rõ ràng nhưng phân đoạn
Từ vựng còn hạn chế, đạt yêu cầu tối thiểu theo chưa hợp lý. 
đề bài. Từ vựng còn hạn chế. Đôi khi mắc lỗi chính tả gây
khó hiểu cho người đọc.

LESSON 3 | PAGE 18
 ODIN | LANGUAGE ACADEMY | PRE-IELTS

Read the following Writing samples and examine them using the IELTS writing
Exercise 3:
criteria.
Đọc và phân tích các bài viết mẫu theo các tiêu chí IELTS.
This is an Task 2 answer written by a candidate who achieved a Band 6.5 score.
Is it right to tell children they can achieve anything by trying hard?

In some cultures, children are often told that they can achieve anything if they try hard enough. Giving this
message to them can produce several effects on each child.
In the social point of view, telling this to children is very important because we are motivating the child not to
give up. We are making him to try hard, to make an effort, to read between lines and at the end of that long path
achieve their objectives. Telling that they can achieve anything if they try hard enough, we are saying in other
words that things are not so simple or easy but they are not imposible, is all about working hard and doing our
best.
Sometimes this is not helpfull because we not always achieve our dreams or goals but it does not mean we did
not try hard, it was just because another person deserve it more than us. So, although we try hard, there are other
factors playing a role in our path. In the economic point of view, if our objectives demand a lot of money, we are
again in the same situation, although we work hard, it would be difficult to achieve it.
To sum up, we are teaching to children how life works, it demands hard work, effort, dedication, time doing
things we don't like, studying and attitude. And at the end, if you have done all these things but you still did not
achieve your goal, you will be happy anyway because you did your best.

This is an Task 1 answer written by a candidate who achieved a Band 6.0 score.

The table depicts the outcomes of a questionare of how often people buy and drink a different types of coffee in
Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, and Hobart of Australia.
The first option is bought fresh coffee in last 4 weeks. In Sydney has 43.7 per cent of city residents and has
almost the same amount as Melbourne which is 42.2 per cent. Brisbane and Adelaide have a nearly same
amount, 34.2 per cent and 34.4 per cent. Next, Hobart has 38.3 per cent.
The second line is bought instant coffee in last 4 weeks. Brisbane has 52.6 per cent. Other two cities that have
amost the same number are Adelaide, 49.8 per cent, and Melbourne, 48.3 per cent. The lowest number is 45.5
per cent of Sydney and The highest number is 54.1 per cent of Hobart. The last option of the survey shows the
percentage of city residents that went to a cafe' for coffee or tea in last 4 weeks. In Sydney, people went to a cafe
for coffee or tea in last 4 weeks 61 per cent of city residents. In Brisbane, citizens went to a cafe' for coffee of tea
in last 4 weeks 55.4 per cent. The lowest is Adelaide that shows 49.9 per cent of city residents. In Hobart, people
went to a cafe' for coffee of tea in last 4 weeks 62.7 per cent. The highest is Melbourne that shows 63.3 per cent.
In conclusion, the highest number of the survey is the percentage of city residents that went to a cafe for coffee
or tea in last 4 weeks because it shows almost the highest percentage in 3 types.

HOMEWORK
HOMEWORK

Task 1: Correct the 14 mistakes in the text below.

Sửa 14 lỗi sai trong đoạn văn dưới đây.

The globalisation has had an enormous impact on many part of the world. Nowadays, even in some of most remote
parts of world, we can connect to internet and conduct business. However, they is advantage and disadvantage to this.
One disadvantages, for example, is that the local culture and language can be affected. It can also mean that local
businesses has to reduce their prices to compete with bigger overseas companies. However, there are advantages; for
example, globalisation can bring more business to a small area, which is good for the local economy. It may also help
to stop young person moving away from more remote area. If a young person have the chance to run a business and
be successful no matter where he or she lives, then perhaps more people will choose to stay in these smaller
communities. It also means that news from around the world are available to everyone, and this can also reduce the
feeling of isolation.

LESSON 3 | PAGE 19
 ODIN | LANGUAGE ACADEMY | PRE-IELTS

Task 2: Fill in the gaps.

Điền từ vào chỗ trống.
(1)......... shows the top ten countries in terms of internet
usage. (2)......... country is New Zealand, which has
(3)......... number of internet users. (4)......... is at the
bottom of (5)......... Surprisingly, (6)......... does not feature
in the top ten at all. However, a little-known group of
islands called and (7)......... is ranked fifth in (8).........
(9)......... and (10)......... are ranked third and fourth. Both
have almost(11)......... number of users, with over 75,500
people per 100,000 accessing (12).........

Faroe Islands internet same Sweden table largest list

Malta number one United Kingdom United States world

Task 3: Memorize the meanings of the following AW words, complete the table and fill in the blanks
with suitable words.
Học thuộc nghĩa các từ thuộc AW sau, hoàn thành bảng và điền từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống.

Từ Nghĩa IPA Transcript Từ Nghĩa IPA Transcript

source factors

established procedure

assessment definition

policy assume

identified theory

create benefit

derived evidence

1) The name of the town was ..................... from its location at the junction of the two rivers.
2) He ..................... some of the most magnificent works of art ever made.
3) The police have found no ..................... of a terrorist link with the murder.
4) Double click on any word on the screen to see its ......................
5) According to our initial ....................., progress was considerably slower than had been predicted.
6) Management is trying to cut employee pay and ......................
7) After she had ..................... the body of her husband, the police asked her to collect his personal effects.
8) The journalist refused to reveal her .....................
9) In ....................., the journey should take three hours, but in practice it usually takes four because of roadworks.
10) The band doesn't make much money - it's just getting ......................
11) It’s standard ..................... for those at the top of the list to be called first.
12) Economic ..................... had a lot to do with their decision to sell the company.
13) The government has finally announced its ..................... on the regulation of the financial services industry.
14) We can’t ..................... (that) he’s innocent simply because he says he is.

Task 4: Decide if the statements about The Academic Writing Paper below are True or False
Quyết định xem các tuyên bố về kì thi Viết Học Thuật dưới đây là Đúng hay Sai.

1) There are two tasks and each one is worth 50% of the 3) The paper is one hour long.
mark. 4) It is recommended that you only spend 20
2) You are required to interpret and describe visual minutes on Part 1.
information in Task 1. 5) You can write in either pencil or pen.

LESSON 3 | PAGE 20
 ODIN | LANGUAGE ACADEMY | PRE-IELTS

LESSON 4

Learning Vocabulary and Using the

Dictionary

0 - HOME PREPARATION

Bảy cách giúp bạn học từ vựng tiếng Anh hiệu quả

1. Không học từ vựng ngẫu nhiên

Não bộ chúng ta thường ghi nhớ những gì có liên quan đến bản thân. Cho nên, cách tốt nhất để ghi nhớ một từ mới
trong đầu là hãy thử liên kết nó với một cái gì đó có ý nghĩa với bản thân. Ví dụ: nếu bạn là người hâm mộ bóng đá,
bạn sẽ dễ dàng ghi nhớ từ “unstoppable” trong một câu cụ thể, chẳng hạn như: “Messi is unstoppable”, thay vì chỉ ghi
nhớ nó như một từ đơn lẻ hoặc trong một câu chung chung như: "Some people are unstoppable".

2. Học từ vựng qua các đoạn văn hoặc kịch bản

Chúng ta sẽ ghi nhớ từ vựng tốt hơn khi học theo ngữ cảnh. Ví dụ, thay vì ghi nhớ cụm động từ “to come up with”, bạn
hãy ghi nhớ cả cụm “to come up with an idea”. Bằng cách này, bạn sẽ chắc chắn mình biết cách sử dụng động từ “to
come up with” trong ít nhất một câu. Tương tự, thay vì ghi nhớ 33 cách nói xin chào, hãy học nó trong một kịch bản,
chẳng hạn như: “Hello, how are you? – I’m fine, thank you”.
Bạn có thể dễ dàng tìm thấy các kịch bản hay đoạn văn ngắn trong những video, phim ảnh trên internet.

3. Sử dụng giọng nói thầm trong bạn

Học tập thực chất là một quá trình tự thân, vì vậy để học một từ vựng mới, bạn cần đi vào thế giới của giọng nói bên
trong bạn. Hãy thử làm như sau: nghe một từ hoặc cụm từ tiếng Anh một lần. Sau đó, hãy nhắm mắt lại và lắng nghe từ
đó trong đầu bạn. Tiếp theo, hãy để từ vựng ấy được vang lên trong đầu bạn thêm vài lần nữa. Cuối cùng, bạn hãy đọc
to từ vựng ấy lên và ghi âm lại.

4. Hình dung từ hoặc cụm từ trông như thế nào

Hãy vẽ định nghĩa của từ vựng ra giấy hoặc trong trí tưởng tượng của bạn, điều này sẽ giúp bạn gợi nhớ lại ý nghĩa của
từ vựng đó bất cứ khi nào bạn nghe thấy. Phương pháp này còn hoạt động tốt với các thành ngữ tiếng Anh, ví dụ như:
“to keep one’s mouth shut”, có nghĩa là, “to not talk about something”. Ngoài ra, bạn có thể kết hợp cách học này với
từ điển để xem thêm những từ liên kết hoặc từ đồng nghĩa với từ vựng mà bạn đang học và ghi nhớ chúng bằng cách
tương tự.

5. Lặp lại cách quãng

Việc lặp lại từ vựng hàng trăm lần trong suốt một ngày sẽ không hiệu quả bằng việc bạn lặp lại chúng một vài lần
trong khoảng thời gian, có thể là vài ngày hoặc vài tuần (nghĩa là lặp đi lặp lại cách nhau một quãng). Ví dụ: bạn hãy
sử dụng từ vựng mới ngay lập tức. Sau đó, cố gắng nhớ lại nó trong một giờ. Xem lại nó một thời gian ngắn trước khi
bạn đi ngủ. Sử dụng lại từ vựng ấy một ngày sau đó. Cuối cùng, hãy xem lại nó sau vài ngày.

6. Đi sâu hơn vào từ gốc

Trước khi bạn tra từ vựng mới trong từ điển, hãy thử đoán nghĩa của nó bằng cách nhìn gốc thông qua hậu tố và tiền tố.
Nếu bạn biết một vài ngôn ngữ, bạn sẽ bắt đầu nhận ra những từ mới có chung nguồn gốc. Nghiên cứu nguồn gốc của
từ mới có thể giúp bạn ghi nhớ từ vựng tốt hơn.
Ví dụ:
Tiền tố “Multi-” có nghĩa “many” (multicultural - đa văn hóa), tiền tố “mis-” có nghĩa “wrongly” (misunderstand -
hiểu lầm).
Hậu tố “-ian” thường dùng để chỉ người (politician - cảnh sát), hậu tố “-less” có nghĩa là “not” (homeless - vô gia
cư / helpless - không giúp đỡ).

7. Nói trong tình huống thực tế

Hãy ghi âm những điều bạn nói từ 2 - 4 phút mà không dừng lại. Chủ đề có thể là mô tả thế giới xung quanh bạn hoặc
đưa ra ý kiến ​của bạn về một chủ đề cụ thể. Tiếp theo, hãy nghe đoạn ghi âm lời nói của chính mình và chú ý những từ
bạn đã sử dụng. Bạn có thể thay thế từ vựng cũ mà bạn đã biết bằng những từ mới hay không? Hãy tự đưa ra câu trả lời
và bắt đầu tạo ra một bản ghi âm mới với những từ mới.

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I - WARM UP

Word search! Từ vựng trốn tìm!

Try to find as many words as possible in 5 minutes. Cố gắng tìm càng nhiều từ càng tốt trong 5 phút.
The one who finds the most words wins the game! Người tìm thấy nhiều từ nhất sẽ thắng trò chơi!

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II - LANGUAGE POINT

2.1. Using the Dictionary

Cách sử dụng từ điển
Of the approximately 1 million words in the English Trong số khoảng 1 triệu từ trong tiếng Anh, người nói
language, the average English speaker knows 60,000. tiếng Anh trung bình biết 60.000 từ đó. Bên cạnh việc trợ
Besides helping with spelling and word meanings, being giúp về chính tả và nghĩa của từ, việc có thể sử dụng từ
able to use a dictionary effectively and regularly is an điển một cách hiệu quả và thường xuyên là một cách
excellent way to improve your English language skills hoàn hảo để cải thiện kỹ năng tiếng Anh của bạn thông
through the dictionary's range of other helpful qua hàng loạt thông tin hữu ích khác của từ điển về cách
information on everyday language usage and grammar. sử dụng ngôn ngữ và ngữ pháp hàng ngày.
There are many different types of dictionaries. The three
Có nhiều loại từ điển khác nhau. Ba loại chính là đơn
main types are monolingual, bilingual, and bilingualized. ngữ, song ngữ và bilingualized. Ngoài ra còn có từ điển
There are also thesauruses. A monolingual dictionary đồng nghĩa. Một từ điển đơn ngữ cung cấp các định nghĩa
gives definitions of words in a single language. của các từ trong một ngôn ngữ duy nhất.

Q: The above is the information provided when you look up the word "big" in the Cambridge
dictionary. Let's determine which is:
Trên đây là thông tin được cung cấp khi bạn tra từ "big" với điển Anh - Anh (Cambridge dictionary). Hãy
xác định đâu là:
a) Định nghĩa của từ
b) Loại từ
c) Cách phát âm từ
d) Các dạng so sánh của từ
e) Class (phân cấp) của từ
f) Ví dụ về từ đồng nghĩa của từ
g) Ví dụ về cách sử dụng từ trong câu (ngữ cảnh của từ)

2.2. Define a word's class

Xác định Class (phân cấp) của từ

CEFR Levels in English Các cấp độ trong tiếng Anh

The CEFR levels in English are a system used to measure Các cấp độ (CEFR) trong tiếng Anh là một hệ thống
a person's ability to speak and understand English. They được sử dụng để đánh giá khả năng nói và hiểu tiếng Anh
go from A1, which is the beginning level, to C2, which is của một người. Họ đi từ A1, là cấp độ bắt đầu, đến C2,
the most advanced. The full list of levels is A1, A2, B1, cấp độ cao nhất. Danh sách đầy đủ các cấp độ là A1, A2,
B2, C1, and C2. CEFR stands for the Common European B1, B2, C1 và C2. CEFR là viết tắt của Khung tham
Framework of Reference. This system originated in chiếu chung châu Âu. Hệ thống này có nguồn gốc từ
Europe, but it is used in many countries around the châu Âu, nhưng nó được sử dụng ở nhiều nước trên thế
world. This is the base for the IELTS band scores. giới. Đây là nền tảng để người ta xây dựng lên các band
điểm trong kì kiểm tra IELTS.

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 ODIN | LANGUAGE ACADEMY | PRE-IELTS

CEFR Level Level of Proficiency Corresponding IELTS Score Band

C2 Expert User 8.5 – 9.0

Very Good User 8

C1
Good User 7.0 – 7.5

Competent User 6.0 – 6.5

B2
Modest User 5.0 – 5.5

B1 Limited User 4.0 – 4.5

A2 Extremely Limited User 3

Intermittent User 2
A1
Non – User 1

The "A" Levels: Basic User Cấp độ "A": Người dùng cơ bản
The A1 and A2 levels are for people who are just Trình độ A1 và A2 dành cho người mới bắt đầu học tiếng
beginning to learn English. If you are at one of these Anh. Nếu bạn đang ở một trong những cấp độ này, bạn
levels, you can: có thể:
• Understand and use very basic phrases and • Hiểu và sử dụng các cụm từ và câu rất cơ bản.
sentences. • Giới thiệu bản thân và đặt những câu hỏi đơn.
• Introduce yourself and ask simple questions about giản về người khác.
other people. • Nói về những chủ đề đơn giản hàng ngày.
• Talk about simple, everyday topics. • Viết đoạn văn ngắn, đơn giản.
• Write short, simple texts.
Cấp độ "B": Người dùng độc lập
The "B" Levels: Independent User Cấp độ B1 và B2 dành cho những người có thể sử dụng
The B1 and B2 levels are for people who can use English tiếng Anh một cách độc lập. Trong ngữ cảnh này, từ "độc
independently. In this context, the word "independently" lập" có nghĩa là bạn có thể làm mọi việc mà không cần
means that you can do things without help from others sự giúp đỡ từ người khác (bạn có thể sử dụng tiếng Anh
(you are able to use English without help). mà không cần sự giúp đỡ).
You can communicate in most everyday situations. You Bạn có thể giao tiếp trong hầu hết các tình huống hàng
can talk about what you know, and ask questions when ngày. Bạn có thể nói về những gì bạn biết và đặt câu hỏi
you don't understand. khi bạn không hiểu.
If you are at one of these levels, you can: Nếu bạn đang ở một trong những cấp độ này, bạn có thể:
• Understand the main points of information on • Hiểu những điểm chính của thông tin về các chủ đề
familiar topics that come up often at work, school, quen thuộc thường xuất hiện ở nơi làm việc, trường
social circumstances, etc. học, hoàn cảnh xã hội, v.v.
• Handle most things that might come up while • Xử lý hầu hết mọi thứ có thể xảy ra khi đi du lịch.
traveling. • Viết văn bản rõ ràng, chi tiết về nhiều chủ đề và.
• Write clear, detailed text on a wide range of topics. giải thích các quan điểm về các vấn đề khác nhau,
and explain points of view on different issues, mô tả những ưu điểm và nhược điểm.
describing the advantages and disadvantages.
Cấp độ "C": Người dùng thành thạo
The "C" Levels: Proficient User Cấp độ C1 và C2 dành cho người có khả năng sử dụng
The C1 and C2 levels are for people who can use English tiếng Anh thành thạo. Từ "thành thạo" có nghĩa là bạn có
proficiently. The word "proficiently" means that you can thể sử dụng tiếng Anh rất tốt, thậm chí tốt như người bản
use English very well, even as well as a native speaker. ngữ.
If you are at one of these levels, you can: Nếu bạn đang ở một trong những cấp độ này, bạn có thể:
• Understand a wide range of difficult, longer texts • Hiểu nhiều loại văn bản khó, dài hơn và nhận ra ý.
and recognize implicit meaning. nghĩa tiềm ẩn.
• Express yourself fluently and naturally, without. • Diễn đạt trôi chảy và tự nhiên, không cần tìm từ
looking for words too much. ngữ quá nhiều.
• Use English flexibly and effectively for social, • Sử dụng tiếng Anh linh hoạt và hiệu quả cho các
academic, and professional purposes. mục đích xã hội, học thuật và nghề nghiệp.
• Write clear, well-structured, detailed text on • Viết văn bản rõ ràng, có cấu trúc tốt, chi tiết về các
complex subjects, showing controlled use of. chủ đề phức tạp, thể hiện việc sử dụng có kiểm soát
organizational patterns, connectors, and literary. các mẫu tổ chức, từ nối và kỹ thuật văn chương.
techniques.

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Exercise 1: Fill in the table, using a dictionary.

Điền vào bảng, sử dụng từ điển.

V-meaning
Word IPA Transcript Word form Class Make an E sentence
Nghĩa tiếng
Từ Phiên âm Từ loại Phân cấp Đặt câu tiếng Anh
Việt

authority

major

issues

labour

occur

economic

involved

percent

interpretation

consistent

income

structure

Look at the words in EX1. In five minutes, try to remember as many as possible.
Exercise 2:
Check the number of words you can remember with your partner.
Nhìn vào các từ trong EX1. Trong năm phút, cố nhớ càng nhiều càng tốt. Kiểm tra số lượng
từ bạn có thể nhớ với đối tác của mình.

2.3. IELTS vocabulary

Từ vựng cho IELTS

Để đạt được 6.5 Ielts, bạn cần trung bình từ 4000-5000 từ vựng. Trong đó:

Oxford Wordlist: 3000 từ tương ứng 80% nhu cầu sử dụng (phụ lục 1)
Academic Word List: 570 từ tương ứng 10% nhu cầu sử dụng (phụ lục 2)
Topic Wordlist: 1000 - 1500 từ tương ứng 10% nhu cầu sử dụng (phụ lục 3)

Collocation
Collocation is the combination of words together into Collocation là sự kết hợp các từ với nhau thành những
phrases naturally according to the habits of native cụm từ một cách tự nhiên theo thói quen của người bản
speakers. Indeed, in each language there is a separate xứ. Thật vậy, trong mỗi ngôn ngữ đều có một hệ thống
collocation system. collocation riêng biệt.
Vietnamese people will often use the phrase "roaring Người Việt sẽ thường sử dụng cụm “hổ gầm” hay “vượn
tiger" or "howling gibbon" to refer to the fact that these hú” để chỉ việc những loài vật này tạo ra âm thanh thay
animals make sounds instead of "howling tiger", vì “hổ hú”, “vượn gầm”.
"roaring gibbon". Tiếng Anh cũng tương tự, có những từ luôn đi kèm với
English is similar in that there are words which always nhau để tạo thành một cụm từ hoàn chỉnh nhằm diễn đạt
come together to form a complete phrase to express a một ý nào đó.
certain idea.

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Q: Can you list 10 Vietnamese collocations and 10 English ones?

Bạn có thể liệt kê 10 collocation tiếng Việt và 10 collocation tiếng Anh không?
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................

7 common types of Collocations

7 loại Collocations thường gặp

Adjective + Noun (Tính từ + Danh từ) Adverb + Adjective (Trạng từ + Tính từ)
Ví dụ: Ví dụ:
There’s been heavy rain (mưa to) all day in It’s vitally important (rất quan trọng) to learn
Ireland. collocations.
There’s a high chance (cơ hội cao) I’ll get a high I’m terribly sorry (rất xin lỗi) to bother you.
score. The baby was fast asleep (ngủ rất nhanh).
I’m under severe pressure (áp lực lớn) to get the I’m completely satisfied (hoàn toàn hài lòng)
job finished this week. with his explanation.
It’s been a hard day (một ngày vất vả) at the
office.

Noun + Noun (Cụm Danh Từ) Noun + Verb (Danh từ + Động từ)
Ví dụ: Ví dụ:
I experience a surge of anger (một cơn giận A lion roars (sư tử gầm), they do not shout.
giữ) when I saw what he’d done. The company launched the product (tung ra sản
We gave her a round of applause (một tràng phẩm) in 2019.
pháo tay) after the speech. The price of heating oil falls (giá giảm) as
Every parent feels a sense of pride (cảm giác tự temperatures rise.
hào) when their children achieve something. The pollution poses a threat (đặt ra một mối đe
dọa) to marine creatures.

Adverb + Verb (Trạng từ + Động từ) Verb + Noun (Động từ + Danh từ)
Ví dụ: Ví dụ:
The movie was highly recommended (rất được I always try to do my homework (làm bài tập về
khuyến khích). nhà) before dinner.
The singer has to apologize publicly (xin lỗi I paid a visit (thăm) to my aunt. She is not very
công khai) for his behavior. well.
The chemical must be thoroughly examined Please take notes (ghi chú) during the
(kiểm tra kĩ lưỡng). presentation.

Verb + Expression with preposition (Động từ + Giới từ)

Ví dụ:
We had to get back to hotel because we had run out of money (hết tiền).
As Lan listened to the music, her eyes filled with tears (đẫm lệ).
Their behaviour was enough to drive anybody to crime (dẫn đến phạm tội).

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 ODIN | LANGUAGE ACADEMY | PRE-IELTS

Choose the correct answer and translate the sentence into Vietnamese. Determine if
Exercise 3:
the collocation here belongs to any of the 7 forms above.
Chọn đáp án đúng và dịch câu sang tiếng Việt. Xác định xem collocation ở đây thuộc dạng
nào trong 7 dạng trên.

1. If you don’t want your business to _______ bankrupt, avoid consulting those willing to step out on a limb.
A. come B. take C. go D. pay
2. Lawyers are naturally keen to have ________ with anyone who could provide him with incontrovertible
evidences concerning the lawsuits they’re in charge.
A. contact B. association C. connection D. communication
3. In Physics class, we are told that resistance wire can be found in an electrical_________such as a heater or an
oven.
A. device B. appliance C. utensil D. gadget
4. Entering the meeting half an hour late, he tried to _________ an excuse, still the strict chairman of the board
told him to leave the room.
A. make B. do C. give D. have
5. It seems that they had had a ________ row, as she had locked him out of the apartment all night long.
A. freezing B. warming. C. grieving D. blazing
6. In some cultures, that men make eye contact ________ women is strictly forbidden outside the immediate
family.
A. on B. to C. with D. for
7. The recent heavy rains have contributed to ease the water _________ resulting from the severe prolonged
drought.
A. shortage B. lack C. absence D. deprivation
8. Students in private school often receive more ________ attention from their teachers; therefore, they have
more chance to reach their full learning potential.
A. personal B. individual C. distinctive D. unique
9. That manufacturer is worldly-known for selecting only ingredients that meet their very strict _______ of
quality and renewability.
A. demands B. necessities C. criteria D. requirements
10. Despite the development of e-books and online reading materials, printed books are still regarded as a
wonderful _______ of entertainment.
A. resource B. place C. source D. replacement

HOMEWORK

Task 1: Write and record your answers to the Task 2: Listen and fill in the blanks. Write
following questions. ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
Soạn và ghi âm lại phần trả lời các câu hỏi sau. Nghe và điền vào chỗ trống. Viết 1 từ duy nhất
vào mỗi chỗ trống.
1) How many languages can you speak?
2) What is the most difficult aspect of learning a new FESTIVAL INFORMATION
language? (Vocabulary, grammar, speaking, listening,
writing or reading) Date Event Details
3) How much time do you spend on learning English each
17th a concert performers from Canada
week?
4) What are the benefits of being fluent in English? 18th a ballet company called 1...........
5) Have you ever travelled abroad?
6) Which English-speaking country would you like to visit type of play: a comedy
19th-20th
in the future? a play called Jemima has had a
(afternoon)
7) What makes a good language learner? good 2...........
8) What makes a good language teacher?
20th a 3..........
show is called 4...........
(evening) show

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 ODIN | LANGUAGE ACADEMY | PRE-IELTS

Task 3: Memorize the meanings of the following AW words, complete the table and fill in the blanks
with suitable words.
Học thuộc nghĩa các từ thuộc AW sau, hoàn thành bảng và điền từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống.

Từ Nghĩa IPA Transcript Từ Nghĩa IPA Transcript

section approach

required role

constitutional legislation

analysis indicate

distribution response

function context

area period

1) This ...................... of the brain has been linked to making decisions.

2) Various studies ...................... that some forms of alternative medicine are extremely effective.
3) The government should be playing a more prominent ...................... in promoting human rights.
4) The company failed to maintain its ...................... minimum net capital.
5) The war was followed by a long ...................... of peace and prosperity.
6) Our research so far has not produced any answers to this problem, we need to adopt a different ...................... to it.
7) Every week in the books ...................... of the paper they profile a different author.
8) The forensic lab carried out a the ...................... of the DNA sample.
9) I looked in her face for some ......................, but she just stared at me blankly.
10) He bought a map showing the population ...................... of Scotland.
11) I can't take a word out of its .......................
12) Freedom of speech should be a ...................... right.
13) Several governments have adopted tough new anti-terrorist ...................... in the wake of the attacks.
14) Surely the ...................... of the law is to protect everyone's rights.

Task 4: Choose the correct answer and translate the sentence into Vietnamese. Determine if the
collocation here belongs to any of the 7 forms above.
Chọn đáp án đúng và dịch câu sang tiếng Việt. Xác định xem collocation ở đây thuộc dạng nào trong 7 dạng
trên.
1. Some teachers have the tendency to _________ preference to students with disadvantaged backgrounds such as poor
and handicapped students.
A. lend B. give C. deliver D. send
2. There was a time when human beings worried that all of the earth’s surface would be __________ covered with lava
were a giant meteor to hit the planet.
A. thickly B. fully C. densely D. totally
3. As estimated in the report, the storm _______ great damage to not only the coastal cities but the mountainous areas
as well.
A. make B. cause C. lead D. bring
4. The two business partners failed to agree _______ some points of the contract, so they arranged to meet up another
day, after considering their own company’s interests.
A. with B. at C. on D. for
5. Regardless of family background, we always think of each other _______ true friends.
A. as B. like C. same D. similar
6. If traipsing around shops does not _______ to you, perhaps using a catalogue will do.
A. appear B. attract C. access D. appeal
7. The influence of the last _______ 12 storms on the central region is so disruptive that the local authority had to
spend months to deal with the consequences.
A. power B. energy C. force D. velocity
8. He's praised for possessing a distinctive _______ style which was plain and factual, without witticisms or flourishes.
A. literature B. literal C. literary D. literally

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LESSON 5

Grammar: Systemizing your grammar and

applications

0 - HOME PREPARATION

NHỮNG CHỦ ĐIỂM NGỮ PHÁP QUAN TRỌNG

Để chứng chỉ IELTS đạt điểm số cao, bên cạnh 4 kỹ năng quan trọng thì ngữ pháp cũng đóng một
vai trò vô cùng thiết yếu. Hãy nhớ ngữ pháp là nền tảng cơ bản để xây dựng các kĩ năng ngôn ngữ.

12 thì động từ (verb tense) trong tiếng Anh.

Phân biệt từ loại (Part of speech) .
Mệnh đề quan hệ (Relatives Clause)
Mạo từ (Articles)
Đại từ (Pronouns)
Câu gián tiếp (Indirect Speech)
Dạng bị động (Passive Voice)
Câu điều kiện (Conditional Sentences)
Câu hỏi đuôi (Tag question)
Sự hòa hợp chủ ngữ – vị ngữ ( Subject-Verb Agreement)
Liên từ (Conjunctions)
Danh động từ (Gerund)
Q: Which areas of grammar still confuse you?
Bạn nắm chắc và chưa chắc những chủ điểm ngữ pháp nào?

TÀI LIỆU GIÚP BẠN ÔN LUYỆN NGỮ PHÁP HIỆU QUẢ

1. English Grammar in Use – Raymond Murphy

Đây được xem là cuốn sách “gối đầu giường” của bất cứ ai theo học tiếng Anh và muốn nâng cao
ngữ pháp của mình.
Cuốn sách được biên soạn công phu với 145 chủ điểm ngữ pháp. Mỗi chủ điểm tương ứng với một
bài học, được trình bày rõ ràng và dễ hiểu. Với mỗi bài học, thường trang bên trái sẽ dùng để trình
bày và giải thích ngữ pháp; còn trang bên phải sẽ là những bài tập giúp ghi nhớ và ứng dụng kiến
thức ngữ pháp vừa mới học được tốt hơn.

2. Ngữ pháp tiếng Anh – Mai Lan Hương

Cuốn sách chắc hẳn không còn xa lạ đối với bất ai trong chúng ta. Đây là cuốn sách chuyên về ngữ
pháp được biên soạn bởi một tác giả là giáo viên người Việt, thấu hiểu sự khác biệt trong tư duy
của hai ngôn ngữ nên đặc biệt phù hợp với người Việt.

3. Cambridge Grammar For IELTS

Cuốn sách giúp bạn hệ thống tất tần tật kiến thức về ngữ pháp tiếng Anh chuyện dụng cho kì thi
IELTS do chính đơn vị ra đề thi biên soạn. Nhờ vậy, cuốn sách rất sát với nhu cầu sử dụng ngữ
pháp trong bài thi. Tuy nhiên, cuốn sách phù hợp với những bạn đã có kiến thức nền tảng về tiếng
Anh khá chắc chắn.

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I - WARM UP

Viet-Eng Translation
Translate the following sentences to English
Dịch các câu sau sang tiếng Anh
1.Mặc dù học tiếng Anh rất khó, tuy nhiên tôi vẫn muốn học.
2.Bạn gái của tôi không chỉ xinh đẹp mà còn thông minh
3.Ngày hôm qua, khi Quang và Linh đến ODIN thì họ mới phát hiện ra lớp học đã bị hủy.
4.Sau khi Ngân và Linh nộp bài tập về nhà, họ đã nhận được nhận xét và phản hồi của giáo viên
5.Nếu thời tiết không xấu đến vậy, họ đã có thể leo lên đỉnh Fansipan.
6.Nếu là tôi, tôi sẽ không làm bạn thất vọng.
7.Thái và Hoa đã từng là bạn thân của nhau, tuy nhiên bây giờ họ không còn thường xuyên gặp nhau
nữa.
8.Ngày hôm qua khi Thắng đang ăn tối thì Nga đột ngột gõ cửa phòng của Thắng.
9.Thu nhập của Lan cao hơn Long gấp 10 lần.
10.Đây là Minh, người mà Thảo nhắc tới ngày hôm qua.

Q: What are the essential grammar structures you used to translate the above sentences?
Bạn đã dùng đến những chủ điểm ngữ pháp thiết yếu nào để dịch các câu trên?

II - LANGUAGE POINT - ESSENTIAL GRAMMAR FOR IELTS

2.1. Verb tenses

Thì của động từ
The Tenses are the most important part of the English Các Thì là phần quan trọng nhất của Tiếng Anh. Nếu bạn
Language. If you wish to write a correct sentence or wish muốn viết một câu đúng hoặc muốn nói bất cứ điều gì
to say anything to anyone, you need to express the idea với bất kỳ ai, bạn cần diễn đạt ý đó ở dạng các Thì phù
using the correct tense. Each tense is subdivided to hợp. Mỗi thì được chia nhỏ để thể hiện các khía cạnh
express other aspects within its general time. Tenses khác trong thời gian chung của nó. Các thì tạo thành
form the backbone of the English language. The tense, xương sống của ngôn ngữ tiếng Anh. Nên sử dụng thì
which is most appropriate to express the idea should be phù hợp nhất để diễn đạt ý tưởng, nếu không thì câu
used, or else the statement/question would express nói/câu hỏi sẽ diễn đạt điều gì đó trái ngược với điều bạn
something different to what you wanted to state or write. muốn nêu hoặc viết. Việc sử dụng đúng thì sẽ ngụ ý việc
The correct use of the tense will imply the use of the sử dụng đúng dạng của động từ với trợ động từ thích hợp.
correct form of verb with the proper auxiliary. Let's take Cùng nhìn lại những gì bạn đã học được trong khóa học
BBST nhé!
a look back at what you have learned in the BBST
course!

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 ODIN | LANGUAGE ACADEMY | PRE-IELTS

Exercise 1: Speaking time! Work in pairs. Fill in the blanks and answer the questions with the
correct tenses.
Hãy nói Tiếng Anh nào! Làm việc theo cặp. Điền vào chỗ trống và trả lời các câu hỏi, nhớ
chia đúng thì.

I ........ to the What are you What did you My mom has
I ........ my teeth
cinema next going to do do this never ........ HCM
every morning
Saturday tonight? morning? city

Does your best I ........ football

I ........ TV at My dad ........ Have you had
friend like at 8am next
5pm yesterday dinner now lunch yet?
music? Sunday

I ........ to the What are you Where did you When will the
doing after I ........ my home
cinema next go for your last train leave
finishing work yesterday
Saturday holiday? Hanoi?
English class?

Have you ever What are you Why did you tell I ........ a new She ........ about
watched a doing at the my mom that I phone last her sister all the
baseball game? moment? have a week time
boyfriend?

He ......... at the If I ......... you, I If he told me, I She .......... late My brother
party last would not do ......... done that to Odin all the ......... because
Wednesday that for him time! he lost his key

My flight ......... Which shirt did Why didn't you By June next
Why did she he choose? The
at 7 am come to my year, I ..........
shout at you? blue or black
tomorrow birthday party? done it already
one?

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2.2. Parts of speech

Phân biệt từ loại
Parts of speech are the type of words which are used to Từ loại được sử dụng để tạo thành một câu mạch lạc và
compose a coherent sentence and gives the appropriate mang lại ý nghĩa phù hợp. Về cơ bản, mỗi câu sẽ được
meaning. Basically, an utterance consists of several parts cấu thành từ nhiều phần phức tạp.
that are quite complicated. Bạn phải hiểu về từ loại thì mới có thể chọn loại từ đúng
You must understand about word types to be able to để sắp xếp thành câu.
choose the right word type to arrange into sentences.

Q: In the simple sentence structure S + V + O, what position(s) can the nine word types above
stand in?
Trong cấu trúc câu đơn S + V + O, thì chín loại từ trên có thể đứng ở (những) vị trí nào?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………...........................................

Write the correct form of word.

Exercise 2:
Viết dạng đúng của từ.
1) He made a …………….. to write in his diary every day. (RESOLUTE)
2) She looked at the picture to …………….. her memory. (FRESH)
3) The people of the village built a …………….. bridge across the river. (WOOD)
4) He likes vegetables, …………….. cabbage. (SPECIAL)
5) Tim decided to buy a …………….. car instead of a new one. (USE)
6) You must go to Tom and beg his …………….. (FORGIVE)
7) Tom and Mary have been married …………….. for thirteen years. (HAPPY)
8) John doesn't know his own …………….. (STRONG)
9) I'm sorry. It was only meant as a prank. (HARM)
10) This is an …………….. program for children. (ENTERTAIN)

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2.3. Relative Clauses

Mệnh đề quan hệ
Essentially, a relative clause is part of a sentence that Về cơ bản, mệnh đề quan hệ cung cấp thêm thông tin về
provides additional information about a noun or subject. danh từ hoặc chủ ngữ trong câu. Những mệnh đề này
These clauses always begin with a relative pronoun, such luôn bắt đầu bằng một đại từ quan hệ, chẳng hạn như
as 'which', 'that', 'who', 'whom', or 'whose'. Relative which, that, who, someone, hoặc which. Mệnh đề quan
clauses can help add complexity and depth to a sentence, hệ có thể giúp tăng thêm độ phức tạp và chiều sâu cho
allowing you to convey more information in one fell câu, cho phép bạn truyền đạt nhiều thông tin hơn. Bằng
swoop. By using them correctly, we can create a more cách sử dụng chúng một cách chính xác, chúng ta có thể
diverse and varied range of sentences, adding texture and tạo ra nhiều loại câu đa dạng và phong phú hơn, thêm kết
color to our language. With an understanding of how cấu và màu sắc cho ngôn ngữ của chúng ta. Với sự hiểu
relative clauses work, we can create texts that are more biết về cách thức hoạt động của các mệnh đề quan hệ,
engaging and dynamic, providing our readers with a chúng ta có thể tạo ra các văn bản hấp dẫn và năng động,
mang đến cho người đọc trải nghiệm đọc phong phú và
richer and more satisfying reading experience. Therefore,
thỏa mãn. Do đó, thành thạo việc sử dụng các mệnh đề
mastering the use of relative clauses is an essential skill quan hệ là một kỹ năng cần thiết cho bất kỳ nhà văn, sinh
for any writer, student, or professional looking to viên hoặc chuyên gia nào muốn giao tiếp hiệu quả bằng
communicate effectively in English. tiếng Anh.

Combine each pair of sentences using a relative pronoun.

Exercise 3:
Kết hợp các cặp câu sau, sử dụng một đại từ quan hệ.
1) This is the lady. She is the owner of Cakes and Bakes in NYC.
2) Please bring the book. You bought it in the mall.
3) Mr. Lange is a young scientist. We hope he will win this year's award.
4) The man was my neighbor. We met him at the bistro.
5) The movie was scintillating. I watched it yesterday.
6) The apple pie was delicious. My mom baked it.
7) This school is the best in this country. It has 2000 students.
8) Do you have any books? They will help improve my grammar.

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 ODIN | LANGUAGE ACADEMY | PRE-IELTS

HOMEWORK

Task 1: Use the verbs in brackets with the Task 2: Make one sentence from two.
correct tense (Present Simple, Present Nối hai câu với nhau
Progressive, Past Simple, Going to, or Present 1. The girl is now in hospital. She was injured in the
Perfect (+), (-) or (?))
accident.
Sử dụng các động từ trong ngoặc với thì đúng (Hiện
tại đơn, Hiện tại tiếp diễn, Quá khứ đơn, hoặc Hiện 2. A man told me you were away. He answered the
tại hoàn thành (+), (-) hoặc (?)) phone.
3. The waitress was very impolite and impatient. She
1) My parents ……… (never/be) to China before.
served us.
2) Patrick and Mary usually ……… (drive) to work in
4. The building was destroyed in the fire. It has now
the morning.
been rebuilt.
3) My dog ……… (eat) a bone right now.
5. The bus goes to the airport. It runs every half hour.
4) He ……… (be) in prison since he ……… (try) to set
6. I saw the man. He closed the door.
a fire in a neighbor's house.
7. The girl is happy. She won the race.
5) Sheila often ……… (listen) to rock music. She
8. The student is from China. He sits next to me
……… (not like) pop music.
9. We are studying sentences. They contain adjective
6) Finally, last week we ……… (find) a cheap flat. We
clauses.
……… (move) next Saturday.
10. The taxi driver was friendly. He took me to the
7) It usually ……… (snow) a lot in Ankara in winter.
airport.
8) They ……… (visit) their relatives in Manchester next
11. The woman was polite. She answered the phone.
month.
12. The man has a good voice. He sang at the concert.
9) How long ……… it ……… (take) to arrive there?
10) I ……… (know) Peter since we ……… (be) in high
school. Task 4: Translate the following sentences into
11) Martha ……… (be) from Portugal. She ……… English.
(speak) Portugese. Dịch các câu sau sang Tiếng Anh.
12) My sister and her husband ……… (go) to Madrid for
their holiday last year. They really ……… (have) good 1. Trẻ em không nên đi làm để phụ giúp gia đình hoặc đi
time there. làm thay vì đi học. (Cam 3, T3, W)
2. Hút thuốc thụ động là nguyên nhân thứ ba gây tử vong
có thể ngăn ngừa được, xếp vào hàng sau hút thuốc chủ
Task 3: Write the correct form of word. động và các bệnh tật liên quan đến rượu. (Cam 3, T1, R)
Viết dạng đúng của từ. 3. Hệ thống tiếp nhận sinh viên thuần túy dựa vào điểm
1) Tom ……… to death before the ambulance arrived. số theo truyền thống cần phải được đánh giá lại. (Cam 5,
(BLOOD) TI, W)
2) This species is critically ……… (DANGER) 4. Mặc dù đã có một chiến dịch quảng cáo mới nhưng họ
3) Tom is suffering from a ……… of memory. (LOSE) vẫn phải chịu sụt giảm doanh số. (Cam 5, T4, L)
4) There'll always be someone who'll need our ……… 5. Thiếu niên bây giờ thích dành thời gian cho tivi hoặc
(PROTECT) máy vi tính hơn là vui chơi với bạn bè. (Cam 3, T4, S)
5) We put off our ……… because of the rain. (DEPART) 6. Phần lớn các nhà sử học về công nghệ đều cho rằng
6) The ……… tried to carry out their master's order. người Trung Quốc đã phát hiện ra thuốc súng. (Cam 3,
(SERVE) TI, R)
7) Why is there so much ……… in the world? 7. Sự phụ thuộc vào xe hơi này đã làm phát sinh những
(VIOLENT) vấn đề quan trọng, bao gồm ô nhiễm môi trường, sự cạn
8) Tom and I looked at each other in ……… (AMAZE) kiệt nguồn tài nguyên dầu mỏ, tắc nghẽn và an toàn giao
9) The old man was ……… by his grandchild. thông. (Cam 2,
(COMPANY) T3, R)
10) His ……… prevented him from asking others for 8. Khi sinh viên mệt mỏi vì học hành và muốn có cơ hội
help. (PROUD) thư giãn đồng thời vui vẻ với bạn bè, họ có thể tham gia
11) I just want an ……… place to live. (AFFORD) một số hoạt động giải trí. (Cam 2, G, TA, R)
12) There were ……… stars in the sky. (COUNT) 9. Rõ ràng là một số bệnh tật đang rút lui trước những
13) Tom fainted at the ……… of blood (SEE) tiến bộ y học. (Cam 6, T2, R)
14) Many trees died during the long ……… (DRY) 10. Với nhu cầu về gia dụng và nông nghiệp ngày càng
15) My little brother says that he had a ……… dream last tăng, công suất của các hệ thống cung cấp nước phải chịu
night. (DREAD) áp lực ngày càng cao. (Cam 6, G, TA, R)

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 ODIN | LANGUAGE ACADEMY | PRE-IELTS

LESSON 6

Idea brainstorming

0 - HOME PREPARATION

IELTS TOPICS

A subtopic derives from a particular topic.

That is to say, subtopics are smaller topics which belong to a larger topic, theme, category or
general area of interest. There are about 20 main topics and a hundred subtopics in the
IELTS test.

Chủ đề chính (topic) là một thuật ngữ dẫn xuất của chủ đề nhỏ (subtopic).
Subtopic là những mục nhỏ thuộc về một chủ đề lớn (topic). Có khoảng 20 topic và hàng trăm
subtopic trong bài thi IELTS.

No Topic Example of subtopics No Topic Example of subtopics

Relationships Crime and Punishment

1 Families 11 The law
Early learning Government Role

Mental and Physical Health The Globalisation

2 Health 12
Diet and Exercise economy Changes and Trends

Lifestyles The Climate Change and Pollution

3 Life 13
Leisure activities environment Plastic Usage

Traveling and Moving Music

4 Tourism
Adventure traveling 14 Art Theater
Art appreciation
Student life
5 Education
Studying and Researching Natural Alternative Fuels
15
resources Renewable Energy
Time Management
6 Time History Employment
16 Business
Future Management and marketing

Flora and Fauna The news

7 The nature 17 Social Media
Agriculture Fame

Computers Urban life

8 Technology 18 Urbanisation
Modern life Rural Life

Building Jobs
9 Architecture 19 Career
Engineering Work/life balance

Social Media Linguistics

10 Communication 20 Language
Language learning Effective communication

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I - WARM UP

Q&A Hỏi và đáp

1. What is 'Topic' and 'Sub-topic' in the IELTS 1. Thế nào là Topic và Sub-topic trong kì thi
exam? IELTS?
2. Is it easier to learn English than Vietnamese? 2. Học tiếng Anh có dễ hơn Tiếng Việt?
3. What are the benefits of being able to use 3. Lợi ích của khả năng sử dụng nhiều ngôn ngữ?
multiple languages? 4. Lợi ích của việc giỏi sử dụng ngôn từ?
4. What are the benefits of being good at verbal
communication?

II - LANGUAGE POINT

2.1. Brainstorm
Động não

Brainstorming is an active teaching technique, through Động não là một kỹ thuật dạy học tích cực, thông qua
discussion, to mobilize new and original ideas on a topic thảo luận, nhằm huy động những ý tưởng mới mẻ, độc
from all participants. Members are encouraged to đáo về một chủ đề, của mọi thành viên tham gia thảo
participate actively, without restriction, in order to create luận. Các thành viên được cổ vũ tham gia một cách tích
a "whirlwind" of ideas. The ideas/images about the cực, không hạn chế các ý tưởng, nhằm tạo ra "cơn lốc"
problem are first presented in a very liberal and random các ý tưởng. Các ý niệm/hình ảnh về vấn đề trước hết
way along as many lines of thought as possible. Opinions được nêu ra một cách rất phóng khoáng và ngẫu nhiên
can be very broad and deep as well as not limited to the theo dòng suy nghĩ càng nhiều, càng đủ càng tốt. Các ý
most trivial aspects of an issue thought by the kiến có thể rất rộng và sâu cũng như không giới hạn bởi
participants. Basically, Brainstorming is constantly các khía cạnh nhỏ nhặt nhất của vấn đề mà
asking questions (who, what, which, why, when, where, những người tham gia nghĩ tới.
how) related to the topic in order to rekindle our Về cơ bản, Brainstorming là liên tục đạt các câu hỏi
understanding of the topic and link them together to form (who, what, which, why, when, where, how) liên quan
ideas. đến chủ đề nhằm khơi dậy lại những hiểu biết của
chúng ta về chủ đề và liên kết chúng lại với nhau để
hình thành các ý tưởng.

Example: For the topic of Work, constantly ask and answer the following questions
Khi nói đến chủ đề Work, các bạn liên tục tự đặt và trả lời các câu hỏi sau

What type of jobs do you know?

Why do people work?
What are the benefits/drawbacks of having a job?
Where can we work?
How many hours do we work?
Which job would you like to have?
…..

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Exercise 1: Work in groups of 2 . Based on the above “Brainstorm” diagram, create similar
diagrams for the following topics:
Làm việc theo nhóm 2 người. Dựa vào sơ đồ “Brainstorm” trên hãy thành lập sơ đồ
tương tự cho các chủ đề sau:

• Environment • Health • Consumerism • Art • Architech

2.2. Basic structure of answers in IELTS exam (for both Speaking and Writing)
Cấu trúc trả lời cơ bản trong kì thi Ielts (cho cả kĩ năng Nói và Viết)

Statement – Explaination – Example

Applying the S.E.E structure to the exam will make your Áp dụng cấu trúc S.E.E vào phần thi sẽ giúp cho câu trả
answers more logical and intuitive. Present your speech lời của bạn được lập luận chặt chẽ, logic và trực quan
from the main point, then clarify and prove that point of hơn. Trình bày phần nói của mình từ luận điểm chính,
view with specific examples and finally analyze and sau đó làm rõ, chứng minh quan điểm ấy bằng những ví
confirm the problem posed or position taken. dụ cụ thể và cuối cùng phân tích, khẳng định lại vấn đề
Practicing the S.E.E structure is quite easy because, even đặt ra.
if you don't know anything about this structure, you can Việc luyện tập theo cấu trúc S.E.E cũng khá dễ dàng
get used to it quickly, because it only consists of the 3 ngay cả khi bạn chưa biết gì về cấu trúc này, bạn cũng có
simple steps mentioned above. thể làm quen nhanh chóng, bởi lẽ nó chỉ gồm 3 bước đơn
giản đã nêu trên.

Analyze the following sample answers. Determine the S.E.E structure.

Exercise 2:
Phân tích các câu trả lời mẫu sau. Chỉ rõ các phần Statement - Explaination - Example.
1) Are you interested in nature?
Yes, of course! As a city dweller, I rarely have the opportunity to interact with nature. As a result, whenever I
have a vacation, I prefer to travel to a remote location where I can get closer to nature and learn about the natural
world. Last summer I went to Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park, and it was amazing!

2) Are there many museums in your country?

To be honest, I have no idea. I'm not particularly interested in museums or historical sites, so I don't notice if
there are any in Hanoi. I believe there are a couple of museums nearby, like the Ho Chi Minh mausoleum in Ba
Dinh district, or the History Museum near Hoan Kiem lake.

3) What are some popular free-time activities for Vietnamese young people?
Well, there are plenty of recreational activities that the young in Vietnam prefer doing in their leisure time. One
of the most common activities is listening to music and watching movies, either at home or at the cinema.
Another one whose popularity has increased dramatically these days is traveling. Young people generally have a
strong sense of wanderlust and I am no exception at all.

4) What sports are popular in your country?

Of course, football! I think that, in Vietnam, football is such a special sport, in the sense that it unites people
together and even enhances national pride. I bet every Vietnamese would have experienced the cheering and
chanting of the crowd after seeing the national team win a game at least once in their lifetime. That's why I know
that, compared to other popular sports like badminton or martial arts, football will always be king in my country.

Work in pairs. Try to come up with answers for the four questions above and practice
Exercise 3:
with your partner!
Làm việc theo cặp. Cố gắng đưa ra câu trả lời cho bốn câu hỏi trên và thực hành với đối tác
của bạn!

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2.3. Applying the Brainstorm technique to Speaking and Writing skills in IELTS
Ứng dụng kĩ thuật Brainstorm vào kĩ năng Speaking và Writing trong kì thi Ielts

In the Speaking and Writing IELTS sections, we will Trong phần thi Speaking và Writing Ielts, chúng ta sẽ
face unfamiliar topics and questions. Even if we have phải đối mặt với những chủ đề và câu hỏi không quen
never been exposed to them we still have to provide a thuộc, thậm chí là chưa từng tiếp xúc, mà vẫn phải đưa ra
logical and coherent answer. This is a big challenge and hướng giải quyết logic và chặt chẽ. Đây là một thử thách
can easily make you lose your nerve. The reverse mind không nhỏ và dễ dàng khiến các bạn rơi vào trạng thái
map will help us present the problem in a systematic way mất bình tĩnh. Sơ đồ tư duy ngược sẽ giúp chúng ta trình
and avoid the situation of answering without thinking of bày vấn đề một cách có hệ thống và tránh tình trạng vừa
an appropriate explanation. trả lời vừa suy nghĩ cách giải thích.
What do we normally think? Try answering the Bình thường chúng ta tư duy như thế nào? Hãy thử trả lời
following questions and consider your own thinking. các câu hỏi sau và quan sát cách tư duy của chính mình,

Do you like to learn English?

Bạn có thích học Tiếng Anh không?

Do you think the phenomenon of Global Population Explosion is beneficial or harmful?

Bạn nghĩ hiện tượng Bùng nổ dân số trên toàn cầu có lợi hay có hại?

What do you think about the fact that some countries only invest in tourism without
focusing on developing their production?
Bạn thấy sao về việc một số quốc gia chỉ đầu tư phát triển du lịch mà không chú trọng vào phát
triển sản xuất?

When faced with such questions, we often give quick Khi đối mặt với các câu hỏi như vậy, chúng ta thường
answers based on emotions and then try to think of đưa ra câu trả lời nhanh chóng dựa theo cảm xúc rồi
explanations and examples. mới cố gắng nghĩ tới cách giải thích và ví dụ.

Respond with emotion => Explanation => Example

Trả lời theo cảm xúc => Giải thích => Ví dụ

These mindsets have two major drawbacks. One is that, Cách tư duy này có hai nhược điểm lớn. Một là dưới
under time pressure, our train of thought can break in the áp lực thời gian, dòng tư duy của chúng ta có thể dứt
search for a reasonable explanation and example for our gãy trong quá trình tìm kiếm lời giản thích và ví dụ
point of view. Second, after thinking carefully, there is a hợp lý cho quan điểm của mình. Hai là, sau khi suy
high chance that we may want to change our opinion nghĩ kĩ càng, có khả năng cao chúng ta muốn thay đổi
because the first emotion-based answer has many holes. quan điểm của mình vì câu trả lời đầu tiên dựa theo
To solve these two problems, we will reverse the above cảm xúc có nhiều lỗ hổng. Để giải quyết hai nhược
process. điểm này, chúng ta sẽ đảo ngược quá trình trên.

Example => Explanation => Answer according to evidence

Ví dụ => Giải thích => Trả lời theo bằng chứng

Thus, we have the steps to apply brainstorming and Như vậy, chúng ta có các bước khi áp dụng brainstorm
reverse thinking to answer questions in the IELTS exam. và tư duy ngược để trả lời câu hỏi trong kì thi IELTS.

B2: Brainstorm B4: Sử dụng

B3: Lọc những một hoặc
B1: Xác định tất cả hiểu biết
tin liên quan nhiều hiểu biết
chủ đề lớn của cụ thể liên
trực tiếp đến cụ thể làm ví
câu hỏi quan đến chủ
câu hỏi dụ
đề

B6: Xác định ví B8: Tiến hành

B5: Tìm cách B7: Dựa trên
dụ là “tiêu sắp xếp lại nội
giải thích cho kết quả đưa ra
cực” hay “Tích dung và đưa ra
các ví dụ đó quan điểm
cực” câu trả lời.

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Ví dụ, đối với câu hỏi “Bạn có thích học tiếng anh không?”

B1: Chủ đề chính là “Học tập”, chủ đề con là “Học ngoại ngữ”
B2: Bạn nghĩ ra rất nhiều vấn đề liên quan tới việc học tập nói chung và học ngoại ngữ nói
riêng.
B3: Bạn chọn lọc và quyết định có hai hiểu biết sau liên quan đến câu hỏi.
(1) Bạn đã dành rất nhiều năm học ngoại ngữ nhưng vẫn không thực sự giỏi
(2) Học ngoại ngữ đòi hỏi giỏi giao tiếp nhưng bạn không cảm thấy thoải mái khi phải giao
tiếp với người lạ.
B4: Bạn quyết định chọn hai điều này làm ví dụ cho câu trả lời.
B5: Bạn tìm cách giải thích ý
(1) Học ngoại ngữ mất thời gian vì lượng kiến thức rất đồ sộ
(2) Bạn là người hướng nội
B6: Cả hai ý trên đều mang tính tiêu cực.
B7: Vì vậy, quan điểm của bạn cũng phải là “Không thích”
B8: Bạn tiến hành sắp xếp lại câu hỏi và có câu trả lời như sau:

Q: Do you like learning English?

A: No, I don’t actually. This is the case because, firstly, to be fluent in English, or any other
languages, there is a lot that you have to learn, including vocabulary, grammar and language
skills. The truth is, I have been learning English for the last 8 years, but I can not use it well yet and
my patience is running out. Secondly, a language is used for communication, but I am an introvert
and I always feel really uncomfortable when I have to communicate with strangers, therefore I
can’t enjoy the process.

Work in pairs. Applying the above thinking, proceed to ask and answer the following
Exercise 4:
questions.
Làm việc theo cặp. Áp dụng cách tư duy trên, tiến hành hỏi đáp các câu trả lời sau.
1. Do you like your job?
2. Do you think having a degree is important?
3. Do you like travelling?
4. Are you good at art?
5. How often do you take buses?
6. Do you celebrate your birthday?
7. What did you enjoy doing as a child?
8. Are clothes important to you?
9. Do you prefer playing games on PC or mobile phone?
10. Do you wake up early in the morning?

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HOMEWORK

Task 1: Write and record your answers to the Task 2: Listen and fill in the blanks. Write
following questions. ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each
Soạn và ghi âm lại phần trả lời các câu hỏi sau. answer.
Nghe và điền vào chỗ trống. Viết 1 từ hoặc 1 số
1. Do you often stay up late? duy nhất vào mỗi chỗ trống.
2. What music do you like?
3. What do you like most about your school now? Employment Agency: Possible Jobs
4. Do you like eating chocolate? Why/why not?

5. Do you prefer buying things in big or small businesses? FIRST JOB

6. Do you often visit museums? Administrative assistant in a company that produces 1.
7. Do you like to look at the sky? ..................... (North London)
8. Have you ever visited a farm? Responsibilities
data entry
Task 3: Based on the “Brainstorm” diagram in go to 2...................... and take notes
the lesson, create similar diagrams for the general admin
following subtopics: management of 3......................
Dựa vào sơ đồ “Brainstorm” trong bài, hãy thành lập
sơ đồ tương tự cho các chủ đề sau: Requirements
good computer skills including spreadsheets
• Space exploration • Public transportation good interpersonal skills
• Life in urban areas • Shopping online attention to 4......................
Experience
Task 4: Memorize the meanings of the following need a minimum of 5..................... of experience
AW words, complete the table and fill in the of teleconferencing
blanks with suitable words.

Học thuộc nghĩa các từ thuộc AW sau, hoàn thành

SECOND JOB
bảng và điền từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống.
Warehouse assistant in South London
Từ Nghĩa IPA Transcript Responsibilities
stock management
significant managing 6......................
Requirements
similar ability to work with numbers
good computer skills
community
very organised and 7 ......................
resident good communication skills
used to working in a 8 .....................
range able to cope with items that are 9 .....................
Need experience of
construction driving in London
warehouse work
strategies
10...................... service
elements

previous

conclusion

1) He entered the United States in 1988 as a permanent ..................... because of his marriage to a U.S. citizen.
2) The mountain ..................... stretched away into infinity.
3) They both went to Ivy League schools and have ..................... backgrounds.
4) The ..................... of your essay is good, but the final sentence is too long and complicated.
5) There has been a ..................... increase in the number of women students in recent years.
6) We need to decide soon what marketing ..................... we should pursue for these new products.
7) He took over from the ..................... headmaster in February.
8) Her ideas have attracted a lot of attention in the scientific ......................
9) The television adverts were, of course, an important ..................... of the campaign.
10) Falling house prices are illustrative of the crisis facing the ..................... industry.

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LESSON 7

Reading comprehension
Skimming and Scanning

0 - HOME PREPARATION

Read and translate the following text into Vietnamese. Note down any new vocabulary.
Đọc và dịch đoạn văn sau sang tiếng Việt. Ghi lại các từ mới.

DEFORESTATION AND DESERTIFICATION

A
1 The Sahel zone lies between the Sahara desert and the fertile savannahs of northern Nigeria and
southern Sudan. The word sahel comes from Arabic and means marginal or transitional, and this is a
good description of these semi-arid lands, which occupy much of the West African countries of Mali,
Mauritania, Niger, and Chad.

B
Unfortunately, over the last century the Sahara desert has steadily crept southwards eating into once


5
productive Sahel lands. United Nations surveys show that over 70 per cent of the dry land in
agricultural use in Africa has deteriorated over the last 30 years. Droughts have become more
prolonged and more severe, the most recent lasting over twenty years in parts of the Sahel region.
The same process of desertification is taking place across southern Africa as the Kalahari desert
10 advances into Botswana and parts of South Africa.
C
One of the major causes of this desert advance is poor agricultural land use, driven by the pressures
of increasing population. Overgrazing - keeping too many farm animals on the land - means that
grasses and other plants cannot recover, and scarce water supplies are exhausted. Overcultivation -
trying to grow too many crops on poor land - results in the soil becoming even less fertile and drier,
15 and beginning to break up. Soil erosion follows, and the land turns into desert.
D
Another cause of desertification is loss of tree cover. Trees are cut down for use as fuel and to clear
land for agricultural use. Tree roots help to bind the soil together, to conserve moisture, and to
provide a habitat for other plants and animals. When trees are cut down, the soil begins to dry and
loosen, wind and rain erosion increase, other plant species die, and eventually the fertile topsoil may
20 be almost entirely lost, leaving only bare rock and dust.

E
The effects of loss of topsoil and increased drought are irreversible. They are, however, preventable.
Careful conservation of tree cover and sustainable agricultural land use have been shown to halt
deterioration of soils and lessen the effects of shortage of rainfall. One project in Kita in south-west
Mali funded by the UNDP has involved local communities in sustainable management of forest,
25 while at the same time providing a viable agricultural economy based on the production of soaps,
bee­keeping, and marketing shea nuts. This may be a model for similar projects in other West African
countries.

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 ODIN | LANGUAGE ACADEMY | PRE-IELTS

I - WARM UP

Look quickly at the block of text. Find the words Sahel and desertification, underline them. Then
answer the questions below.
Nhìn nhanh vào khối văn bản. Tìm từ và Sahel và desertification, gạch dưới chúng. Sau đó trả lời các câu
hỏi dưới đây.

doakeidhoarnviarieeniacecriconipltsiunznkonmSahelvofmrtfssertnfirartf
fcoussjhodasertifIondeenvfnvoaiknmentdesertificationnifixvhoradmifani
roienapslcnsbgqeaodirmmfoshenhdfuwpoixmcnwbsodlenelsijpkoemsis

a) why can you see the word Sahel easily? Choose a reason.
because it is a large word
because it is in the middle of the text
because it has a capital letter
because you don't have to look for the meaning

b) Can you see the word desertification as easily? Why/Why not?

When you scan a piece of text, you look over it to find one word or phrase, not to understand the
whole text. Which suggestions a-g do you think are most helpful for fast reading?
Khi bạn đọc lướt qua một đoạn văn bản, bạn nhìn qua nó để tìm một từ hoặc cụm từ chứ không phải để
hiểu toàn bộ văn bản. Những đề xuất a-g nào bạn nghĩ là hữu ích nhất cho việc đọc nhanh?
a) Look for only specific words or phrases.
b) Look for each word or phrase in turn.
c) Look at every word in the text.
d) Try not to think of the meaning as you scan.
e) Use a pencil to guide you.
f) Underline the word when you find it.
g) Think of the meaning of the word you are looking for.

II - LANGUAGE POINT: SCANNING AND SKIMMING

Intended use of Skimming and Scanning Mục đích sử dụng của Skimming và Scanning
Skimming and scanning help readers speed up finding Hai kỹ thuật skimming và scanning giúp người đọc tăng
information in the article, thereby saving reading time as tốc độ tìm kiếm thông tin trong bài, từ đó tiết kiệm thời
well as increasing reading comprehension efficiency. gian đọc cũng như tăng hiệu quả đọc hiểu.
When reading the article, readers often tend to focus on Khi đọc bài, người đọc thường có xu hướng tập trung vào
each sentence, each word in the text, making the reading từng câu, từng chữ có trong bài văn khiến thời gian đọc
time longer. However, for the IELTS test, candidates bài bị kéo dài. Tuy nhiên, đối với bài thi IELTS, thí sinh
have only 60 minutes to answer 40 questions in three chỉ có 60 phút để trả lời 40 câu hỏi ở trong ba bài đọc,
reading passages, with each reading being between 900 với mỗi bài đọc có độ dài từ 900 đến 1000 chữ. Do đó,
and 1000 words in length. Therefore, combining both việc kết hợp cả hai kỹ năng skimming và scanning là vô
skimming and scanning skills is essential to save time, cùng cần thiết để có thể tiết kiệm thời gian, và đạt số
and get an effective score in the limited time of the test. điểm hiệu quả trong thời gian hạn chế của bài thi. Ngoài
In addition, mastering the skill of skimming helps ra, việc thành thạo kỹ năng skimming giúp thí sinh nắm
candidates understand the content of the passage in trước được nội dung bài đọc để dễ dàng khoanh vùng
advance to easily localize information when answering thông tin khi trả lời câu hỏi.
questions.

Question type for Scanning Question type for Skimming

Matching headings (nối tiêu đề) Note/Sentence completion (điền từ vào ghi chú/ câu)
Summary completion (điền từ vào phần tóm tắt) True/ False/ Not given hoặc Yes/ No/ Not given
Diagram Labelling (dán nhãn biểu đồ) Matching features (nối thông tin)

Dạng câu hỏi Multiple Choice (trắc nghiệm) cần sự kết hợp của cả hai kỹ năng Skimming và Scanning. Thực tế,
người học luôn có thể kết hợp cùng lúc cả hai kỹ năng khi đọc bài để nắm được khái quát nội dung bài đọc, giúp việc
khoanh vùng thông tin nhanh chóng hơn, tiết kiệm thêm thời gian cho việc Scanning.

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2.1. Scanning
Đọc quét

Scanning is reading rapidly in order to find specific Đọc quét (scanning) là đọc nhanh để tìm các dữ kiện cụ
facts. thể.
Steps to perform Scanning skills Các bước thực hiện kỹ năng Scanning
Identify and memorize the information to look for, Xác định và ghi nhớ thông tin cần tìm kiếm, dựa vào
based on the keywords in the question những từ khóa trong câu hỏi
Classify keywords into difficult-to-replace keywords Phân loại từ khóa cần tìm thành từ khóa khó thay thế
and easy-to-replace keywords (*) và từ khóa dễ thay thế (*)
Skim the text and find those keywords Đọc lướt bài văn và tìm những từ khóa đó

Note (*): Classify keyword types as follows: Lưu ý (*): Cách phân loại các loại từ khóa như sau:
Keywords that are difficult to replace: include proper Từ khóa khó thay thế: bao gồm các tên riêng, con số
names, prominent numbers, are almost never nổi bật, hầu như không bao giờ bị thay thế trong bài
replaced in the reading passage → Prefer to use this đọc → Ưu tiên sử dụng loại từ khóa này để tìm kiếm
type of keyword to search for information. thông tin.
Easy-to-replace keywords: include nouns and can be Từ khóa dễ thay thế: bao gồm các danh từ và có thể
replaced by other expressions in the reading passage bị thay thế bằng cách diễn đạt khác trong bài đọc →
→ Use this type of keyword to search for Sử dụng loại từ khóa này để tìm kiếm thông tin khi
information when the topic does not contain đề bài không chứa Từ khóa khó thay thế.
difficult-to-replace keywords.

Use scanning techniques to find the following words in the passage

Exercise 1:
DEFORESTATION AND DESERTIFICATION, then underline them.
Sử dụng kỹ thuật đọc quét để tìm những từ sau trong đoạn văn DEFORESTATION AND
DESERTIFICATION, sau đó gạch dưới chúng.
a) It begins with a and means cover. (Paragraph A)
b) It begins with f and means happening. (Paragraph B}
c) It begins with s and means limited. (Paragraph C)
d) It begins with eand means completely. (Paragraph D)
e) It begins with h and means stop. (Paragraph E)
f) It begins with p and means long.
g) It begins with p and means fertile.
h) It begins with e and means wearing away.

Sentences 1-6 are taken from a sentence completion task. Decide whether the missing
Exercise 2:
words are adjectives or nouns. Scan the reading passage and complete the
sentences. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Các câu sau là từ dạng bài Sentence completion. Quyết định xem những từ còn thiếu là tính
từ hay danh từ. Quét bài đọc và điền vào chỗ trống. Chọn KHÔNG QUÁ HAI TỪ trong đoạn
văn cho mỗi câu trả lời.
1) The climate of the Sahel is described as ..............................
2) In some areas of the Sahel, there has been no rainfall for more than ..............................
3) Desertification is caused by overgrazing, but this in turn is due to the pressure from ................................
4) When trees are cut down, the soil is affected, which leads to the death of the surrounding ..............................
5) The consequences of the loss of topsoil cannot be reversed, but they are ..............................
6) Looking after trees reduces the consequences of a lack of ..................................

2.2. Skimming
Đọc lướt
Skimming tells you what general information is within a Đọc lướt (Skimming) cho bạn biết nắm được nội dung
section. chung của toàn bộ bài đọc hoặc một phần bài đọc.

Steps to perform Skimming skills: Các bước thực hiện kỹ năng Skimming:
Read the main title and subheading of the essay Đọc tiêu đề chính và tiêu đề phụ của bài văn
Read the first paragraph carefully (because this is the Đọc kỹ đoạn văn đầu (bởi đây là phần dẫn dắt của
author's introduction to the main topic) tác giả vào chủ đề chính)
Read the opening sentence of each paragraph and Đọc câu mở đầu của từng đoạn và đọc lướt phần
skim the following to get the main idea sau để lấy ý chính

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When performing Skimming, readers need to Khi thực hiện Skimming, người đọc cần kết hợp thêm
incorporate the following techniques: các kỹ thuật sau:
Word grouping technique: The words in the Kỹ thuật nhóm từ: Các từ trong câu nên được nhóm
sentence should be grouped into clusters according lại thành các cụm theo chức năng, thành phần của
to the function and components of the sentence câu như chủ ngữ, cụm động từ, tân ngữ. Điều này
such as subject, verb phrase, object. This not only không chỉ giúp cải thiện kĩ năng đọc hiểu mà còn
helps improve reading comprehension skills, but giúp người học đọc lướt được nhanh hơn.
also helps learners to skim faster. Kỹ thuật liên kết câu trong đoạn văn: mỗi đoạn văn
Techniques for linking sentences in paragraphs: thường chứa câu chủ đề (topic sentence): nêu lên
each paragraph usually contains a topic sentence: nội dung chính của đoạn; câu chủ đề phụ (sub-topic
stating the main content of the paragraph; sub-topic sentence): đưa ý nhỏ hơn nội dung chính; câu phát
sentence: make the point smaller than the main triển (supporting sentence): bổ sung ý nghĩa cho
body; supporting sentence: adding meaning to the câu chủ đề hay câu chủ đề phụ. (*)
topic or subtopic sentence. (*)

Read the lists of words 1-5 and answer questions a-d.

Exercise 3:
Đọc danh sách các từ 1-5 và trả lời câu hỏi a-d.
1) architect building skyscraper construct design a) Which list is connected with the topic of air travel?
2) train travel passenger ticket luggage b) Which list refers to no clear topic?
3) nostalgia past memories read former times history c) What do you think is the topic of each of the other three?
4) airport luggage air fly aeroplane boarding pass d) What types of words are in lists 1—4? How is 5 different?
5) in the up to the of a of the and that we with the in

Read the title of the passage on the next page. Underline the words in the box which
Exercise 4:
you would expect to see in the passage. How do the words relate to the title?
Đọc tiêu đề của đoạn văn trên trang tiếp theo. Gạch dưới những từ trong ô mà bạn nghĩ sẽ
nhìn thấy trong đoạn văn. Các từ liên quan đến tiêu đề thế nào?

football - construction - bridges - hairdressing - engineers - dictionary - projects - railway

GREATEST OF VICTORIAN ENGINEERS

A
1 In the hundred years up to 1860, the work of a small group of construction engineers carried forward
the enormous social and economic change that we associate with the Industrial Revolution in Britain,
The most important of these engineers was Isambard Kingdom Brunel, whose work in shipping,
bridge­building, and railway construction to name just three fields, both challenged and motivated his
5 colleagues. He was the driving force behind a number of hugely ambitious projects, some of which
resulted in works which are still in use today.

B


The son of an engineer, Brunel apprenticed with his father at an early age on the building of the
Thames Tunnel. At the age of just twenty, he became engineer in charge of the project. This
impressive plan to bore under the Thames twice suffered two major disasters when the river broke
10 through into the tunnel. When the second breach occurred in 1827, Brunel was seriously injured
during rescue operations and further work was halted.

C
While recovering from his injuries, Brunel entered a design competition for a new bridge over the
Avon Gorge near Clifton. The original judge of the competition was Thomas Telford, a leading civil
engineer of his day, who rejected all entries to the competition in favour of his own design. After
15 considerable scandal, a second contest was held and Brunel's design was accepted. For reasons of
funding, however, exacerbated by social unrest in Bristol, the project was abandoned in 1843 with
only the towers completed. After Brunel's death, it was decided to begin work on it again, partly so
that the bridge could form a fitting memorial to the great engineer. The entire structure was finally
completed in 1864. Today, the well- known Clifton Suspension Bridge is a symbol of Bristol, just as
20 the Opera House is of Sydney, Originally intended only for horse-drawn traffic, the bridge now bears
over four million motor vehicles a year.

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Exercise 5: Skim the whole text and match each title below with a paragraph. Which words in the
text help you match the title?
Đọc lướt toàn bộ văn bản và nối mỗi tiêu đề dưới đây với một đoạn văn. Những từ nào trong
văn bản giúp bạn xác định tiêu đề phù hợp?

1) The contest for and construction of a suspension bridge

2) An inspiring engineer
3) The construction of a tunnel under a river

HOMEWORK

Task 1: Decide whether the statements are Task 3: Read the statements and underline
False or Not Given according to the passage phrases which contain a comparison. Decide
DEFORESTATION AND DESERTIFICATION whether the statements are False or Not Given.
Quyết định xem các câu sau là F hay NG. Đọc các câu sau và gạch chân các cụm từ có chứa
phép so sánh. Quyết định xem các câu sau là F
1) The Sahara has spread slowly northwards into the hay NG.
Sahel region.
1) Brunel was less important than the other construction
2) Just over 70 per cent of the dry land in agricultural
engineers in Britain during the Industrial Revolution.
use in Africa has deteriorated over the last 30 years.
2) Brunel was less involved in railway construction than
3) Desertification is taking place faster in southern
other engineering fields.
Africa than in the Sahel.
3) Brunel worked only on shipping, bridge-building and
4) The advance of the desert is not the result of poor
railway construction.
agricultural land use.
4) Brunel's work was largely ignored by his colleagues.
5) The loss of tree cover is a minor cause of
5) All projects Brunel contributed to are still used today.
desertification.
6) Brunel became an apprentice with his father at the
6) If there is a loss of tree cover, the deterioration in the
same age as other engineers.
soil is halted.
7) The Thames Tunnel Project was more difficult than
7) Tree conservation is more effective than sustainable
any previous construction venture undertaken in Britain.
agricultural land use in reducing the consequences of
lack of rain.
Task 4: Translate the text Greatest of Victorian
engineers into Vietnamese. Do not use
Task 2: Explain why each statement 1-4 below translation support tools. You are allowed to
is Not Given in the text DEFORESTATION AND use Eng-Vie dictionary and Vie-Eng dictionary.
DESERTIFICATION. Use the example to help Dịch văn bản Greatest of Victorian engineers trong
you. bài sang tiếng Việt. Không sử dụng các công cụ hỗ
Giải thích tại sao mỗi câu 1-4 dưới đây không trợ dịch thuật. Được phép sử dụng từ điển Anh Việt
được đưa ra trong văn bản. Sử dụng ví dụ để giúp và từ điển Việt Anh.
bạn.

The Sahel covers more of the land in Mali

than it does in Chad => Not Given because
there is no comparison in the text. We know
that it covers much of Mali and Chad, but
we do not know which country has more.

1) Agricultural land in Africa could deteriorate further in

the coming years.
2) There could be another severe drought in the Sahel
over the next three decades.
3) In some areas, the UNDP may provide financial
support for forestry management to local communities in
the future.
4) A second project has been planned in Mali to develop
sustainable forestry management.

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LESSON 8

Listening comprehension
Listening actively and attentively

0 - HOME PREPARATION

Những điều bạn nên biết về cấu trúc đề thi IELTS Listening

Thời lượng của bài thi IELTS Listening là 30 phút. Đối với bài kiểm tra trên giấy, bạn sẽ có thêm 10 phút để chuyển
câu trả lời của mình sang phiếu trả lời. Nhưng khi chọn hình thức thi online trên máy tính, bạn sẽ có 2 phút để kiểm tra
lại câu trả lời của mình.
Bạn sẽ phải trải qua bốn phần trong bài thi Listening với mức độ khó tăng dần. Mỗi phần có 10 câu hỏi, tổng cộng 40
câu với mỗi câu tương ứng 1 điểm. Giám khảo cho bạn thời gian để xem xét các câu hỏi trước khi bạn bắt đầu nghe
đoạn ghi âm được phát và cuối cùng, bạn sẽ có thời gian để xem lại các câu trả lời mà bạn đã viết.
Cấu trúc đề thi IELTS Listening dành chung cho cả 2 loại hình IELTS Học thuật và IELTS Tổng quát.
Hãy thận trọng khi đọc yêu cầu làm bài về số lượng từ được phép có trong câu trả lời, vì một số yêu cầu chỉ định bạn
sẽ chỉ điền một từ, hai từ hoặc 1 con số nào đó, v.v... Ngoài ra, bạn cũng cần chuẩn bị khả năng phân tích câu hỏi, vốn
từ vựng phong phú, đặc biệt là những từ đồng nghĩa, vì các từ vựng sử dụng trong bài nghe sẽ không giống với câu hỏi
mà đôi khi chúng được diễn giải bằng các từ đồng nghĩa.

Dưới đây là bảng mô tả chi tiết 04 phần có trong đề thi IELTS Listening: Điểm ELTS Listening:

Hội thoại giữa 2 người xoay quanh chủ đề cuộc sống hàng ngày. 39-40 9 23-25 6
Phần 1
(ví dụ: một cuộc trò chuyện để đặt phòng trong khách sạn)
37-38 8.5 18-22 5.5
Độc thoại đặc trưng về cuộc sống hàng ngày. (ví dụ: một cuộc nói
Phần 2 35-36 8 16-17 5
chuyện về việc sử dụng thời gian một cách hiệu quả)

Hội thoại giữa 3 hoặc 4 người về chủ đề giáo dục hoặc đào tạo. (ví 32-34 7.5 13-15 4.5
Phần 3
dụ: sinh viên thảo luận về bài tập) 30-31 7 11-12 4

Phần 4 Độc thoại liên quan đến học thuật. (ví dụ: bài giảng ở trường học) 26-29 6.5 8-10 3.5

Cách luyện thi nghe IELTS

1. Chú trọng phần phát âm
Chú trọng ngữ âm trong tiếng Anh sẽ giúp phát triển và nâng cao khả năng nghe. Đồng thời giúp bạn có thể nghe được
tiếng Anh ở nhiều giọng vùng miền khác nhau. Đặc biệt cần chú trọng phát âm đúng các âm ở cuối. Thường các bạn sẽ
gặp các lỗi như thêm âm /s/ tùy tiện hoặc quên phát âm thiếu âm cuối như /k/, /ch/, /t/…
2. Trau dồi vốn từ vựng
khi bắt gặp một từ vựng mới mà bạn không biết thì nên tra cứu cách viết, cách đọc của từ đó. Sử dụng từ điển cũng là cách để
bạn trau dồi từ vựng của mình nhưng hãy hạn chế việc tự đọc theo suy nghĩ trước khi tra từ điển.
3. Chú ý chính tả
Nghe và chép chính tả là kỹ năng giúp cải thiện tốt giúp việc luyện thi nghe IELTS đạt hiệu quả cao.
4. Nắm rõ cấu trúc đề thi nghe IELTS
Để cải thiện tốt hơn phần thi nghe, bạn cần nắm rõ cấu trúc đề thi IELTS Listening để biết cách chia thời gian làm bài sao cho
phù hợp. Cách làm bài thi sao cho hiệu quả nhất cũng là vấn đề quan trọng. Việc nắm chắc nội dung cấu trúc đề thi IELTS
Listening giúp bạn có sự chuẩn bị tốt hơn và cách làm đúng hơn.
5. Bộ sách luyện đề IELTS Listening
Bạn có thể luyện đề thi nghe IELTS bằng các tài liệu, sách dưới đây:
Basic IELTS Listening
Intensive IELTS Listening
Listening Strategies for IELTS
Bộ sách IELTS Cambridge 7 ~15
IELTS Recent Actual Listening

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 ODIN | LANGUAGE ACADEMY | PRE-IELTS

I - WARM UP

Game: Pass the message Trò chơi: Tam sao thất bản
The class will be divided into groups of 4-5. For each Lớp học sẽ được chia thành các nhóm 4-5 người. Ở mỗi
round, each group will send a representative who will vòng, mỗi nhóm cử một đại diện nhận tin nhắn từ giáo
receive the message from the teacher. The representative viên. Sau đó, người đại diện phải chuyển tin nhắn cho
must then pass the message to the first team mate, while đồng đội đầu tiên, trong khi đồng đội thứ hai sẽ phải
the second team mate will have to pass the message to chuyển tin nhắn cho người tiếp theo, v.v. Thành viên
the next, and so on. The last member of the group shall cuối cùng của nhóm sẽ lên bảng trắng và viết tin nhắn.
go the whiteboard and write the message. The group/s (Những) nhóm viết tin nhắn chính xác được một điểm.
who wrote the message accurately gets a point. Let's find Hãy xem nhóm nào giành chiến thắng!
out which group will win!

II - LANGUAGE POINT

2.1. Training attention, avoiding distractions

Rèn luyện sự chú ý, tránh xao nhãng
It is a very common situation in IELTS Listening for a Một tình huống rất phổ biến trong IELTS Listening khi
speaker to initially give some wrong information, then người nói đưa ra một số thông tin sai, sau đó tự sửa lại và
correct themself and give correct information. This little đưa ra thông tin đúng. Thủ thuật nhỏ này được gọi là
trick is called distraction. đánh lạc hướng.
You can get distracted by the information you hear the Bạn có thể bị phân tâm bởi thông tin bạn nghe lần đầu
first time, thinking that it is correct. And that’s where a tiên, nghĩ rằng nó đúng. Và đó là nơi rất nhiều thí sinh
lot of IELTS candidates get caught! The speaker will IELTS mắc phải! Sau đó, người nói sẽ sửa lại những gì
then correct what he/she said, and give new information, anh ấy/cô ấy đã nói và đưa ra thông tin mới, đó sẽ là câu
which will be the right answer. trả lời đúng.
Let's look at the examples below. Listen to the audio and Hãy xem các ví dụ dưới đây. Nghe âm thanh và trả lời
answer the questions. You've also been given a transcript các câu hỏi. Bạn cũng đã đưa ra một bảng điểm với câu
with an underlined answer. trả lời được gạch chân.

Man: We provide all the meals so we need to know

Example 1: Does the woman have any dietary if you have any dietary restrictions.
restrictions? Woman: I don’t think so. What do you mean?
Man: If mean if there is any food you can’t eat.
As you can see, the speaker first says that she Some people have food allergies, or they’re
doesn't think so but, after that, she asks: ”What do
you mean?” and only then does she give her final
vegetarians or have to avoid dairy products. Things
answer as "yes, I'm a vegetarian". like that.
Woman: Oh, I see. Well, yes, I’m a vegetarian. I
never eat meat.

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 ODIN | LANGUAGE ACADEMY | PRE-IELTS

Example 2: write down the phone number. Woman: So, your phone number is 1157423.
The first time your hear the number 1157423. Man: No, there’s a little mistake. Actually, it’s
But then the man says that there is a mistake 1157432.
and that the actual phone number is 1157432. Woman: Oh, I'm sorry.
So the correct answer is 1157432.

How to avoid distraction mistakes in IELTS Làm gì để tránh mất tập trung khi nghe?
Listening? Hãy lắng nghe cẩn thận ngay cả khi bạn đã nghe câu
Listen carefully even if you’ve heard the answer: it trả lời: nó có thể bị sửa và câu trả lời đúng sẽ đến sau
may be corrected and the right answer will come đó.
afterwards. Chú ý đến các chỉ số từ: “không”, “xin lỗi”, “lầm
Pay attention to indicators: “no”, “sorry”, “mistake”. lẫn”. Những từ này chỉ ra rằng câu trả lời sai sẽ sớm
These words indicate that the wrong answer will be được sửa chữa.
corrected soon. Hãy nhớ rằng những phiền nhiễu như vậy rất phổ
Keep in mind that such distractions are very common biến đối với Phần 1 của bài kiểm tra nghe.
for Part 1 of the Listening Test. Hãy cẩn thận khi bạn nghe thấy các con số hoặc tên:
Be careful when you hear numbers or names: they chúng thường bị sửa.
often get corrected.
IELTS Listening exercise 1.
Exercise 1:
Bài luyện nghe 1

Complete the table below. Woman: Now let me explain where everything is kept.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO
WORDS for each answer. Man: It looks like here, on the ground floor, is where the
reference books are.
Books Floor Woman: Yes, that’s right. Up on the second floor is where the
Reference books adult collection is, both fiction and non-fiction.
Man: And the children’s books are there too, aren’t they? I
Adult collection thought I saw them in the room by the stairway.
Children’s books
Woman: No, those are magazines and newspapers for adults.
Children’s books are up one more flight on the third floor.

What is the woman's name? Man: I’ve written your full name, it’s Carla, right? C-a-r-l-a.
Woman: Yes, but you’ve made a little mistake. Carla is spelled
with K instead of C.

Which water activities are Woman: Could you describe for us some of the activities
available at Golden Lake
Resort? available at Golden Lake?
Man: We have a lot of water activities, of course. Since we're
A swimming right on the lake, we have a pleasant sandy beach for swimming.
В boating
С waterskiing We also have canoes and sailboats available, and many of our
guests enjoy boating on the lake.
Woman: I imagine waterskiing would be popular among your
guests.
Man: Actually, we don't permit waterskiing in the resort area. It
can be dangerous for swimmers and for the canoeists too.

Write ONLY ONE NUMBER. Woman: Hi, is it Marco’s online shop of kitchen supplies?
What is the price of the tea-
pot? Man: Yes, that’s right. My name is Sam, I’m listening to you.
Woman: I’m calling to ask about a tea-pot I saw on your website.
The item’s code is 12 17. How much does it cost?
Man: I’ll check in a minute. It should be somewhere around 15
dollars. Oh, here it is. This tea-pot costs 14 dollars.

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Work in pairs. Student A reads the given passage and student B must write everything
Exercise 2:
down without looking at the script. At the end of the reading, have the students switch
roles. They can also check each other’s work.
Làm việc theo cặp. Học sinh A đọc đoạn văn, học sinh B phải lại mà không cần nhìn vào
văn bản. Khi kết thúc lượt đọc, hai học sinh đổi vai trò. Họ cũng có thể kiểm tra phần viết
của nhau.
Student A (Read) Student B (Write)
Cities are going to have more and more people ............................................................................................................
living in them. More than half the world's ............................................................................................................
people already live in cities, and by 2050, cities ............................................................................................................
will become home to about 6.5 billion people. ............................................................................................................
That's a lot of people and very little space! ............................................................................................................
More people means that we're going to have ............................................................................................................
more pollution, traffic and noise. It also means ............................................................................................................
that we'll need more homes, schools, hospitals, ............................................................................................................
jobs and transport. We'll need more resources, ............................................................................................................
like water and energy, and more ways to grow ............................................................................................................
food too. Oh, and more parks to play in! ............................................................................................................

Student B (Read) Student A (Write)

Many cities are already planning for the future. ............................................................................................................
For example, Bristol is a cycling city in ............................................................................................................
England. You can hire a bike (instead of taking ............................................................................................................
a car or bus) and ride in cycle lanes which are ............................................................................................................
separated from the traffic. In Singapore, people ............................................................................................................
are looking 'up' to grow food! To save space, ............................................................................................................
they grow vegetables in lots of layers in special ............................................................................................................
tall buildings, called 'vertical farms'. And in ............................................................................................................
Amsterdam in the Netherlands, there are ............................................................................................................
'floating houses' built on water instead of on ............................................................................................................
land! ............................................................................................................

Exercise 3: Listen to the recording and complete the gaps in the text below.
Nghe đoạn ghi âm và điền vào các khoảng trống trong văn bản dưới đây.

“Whales”
Our subject today is 1) ................... . We discuss a report on the effect of noise from ships on the behavior of whales.
And, we visit a whaling museum on the island of Nantucket in Massachusetts.
Passenger ships, trade ships, and fishing boats are a normal part of life on the 2) ................... . However, all their
activity creates a great deal of noise 3) ................... . Scientists from the United States and Canada recently reported
their observations that the ocean is getting noisier.
That is sound recorded with 4) ................... placed underwater near the busy shipping lanes off Vancouver Island in
Canada. Scientists at the University of Victoria have studied the recordings. They say engine noise is continuous
during the day, and 5) ................... intense at night. 

Q: What difficulties do you face in Listening? Why are you not a band 9 Listener?
Bạn gặp phải những khó khăn gì khi nghe? Tại sao bạn chưa phải là một người nghe band 9?

Q: How have you been practicing your listening skills? What is your plan to improve your listening
skills in the future?
Bạn đã luyện tập kỹ năng nghe của mình như thế nào? Kế hoạch của bạn để cải thiện khả năng nghe
trong tương lai là gì?

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HOMEWORK

Task 1: Listen to the recording and Task 2: Write ONLY ONE WORD OR A
complete the gaps in the text below. NUMBER from the dialogue for each answer.
Nghe đoạn ghi âm và điền vào các khoảng trống CHỈ Viết MỘT TỪ HOẶC MỘT SỐ từ đoạn đối thoại
trong văn bản dưới đây. cho mỗi câu trả lời.
Will Your Next Car Drive Itself? 1. Which city did Neil not think had skyscrapers?
2. Which year did Neil choose?
You know how much your telephone has changed over 3. For how many years was the St Paul's Cathedral
the past 10 years? Your car will change even more than
the tallest building in the city?
that in the next 10 years.
4. What are the Gherkin, the Cheese Grater and the
One of the big changes is that cars will drive
1) ................... . Some day you may not need to drive a Walkie Talkie?
car. You will just tell the car where you want to go and 5. When was the building of St Paul's Cathedral
it will drive itself. “We 2) ................... have the started?
technology for it now,” says Andrew Poliak of
automotive technology supplier QNX. “We expect self- Task 3: Complete the form below.
driving cars to be a 3) ................... thing between 2020 Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each
answer.
and 2025.” CHỈ Viết MỘT TỪ HOẶC MỘT SỐ cho mỗi câu trả
The American company Google has been working on a lời.
self-driving 4) ................... for years. These cars are
already on the roads in the United States, mainly in Customer Satisfaction Survey
California. Google cars are truly self-driving. These Customer details
cars have no steering wheels or 5) ................... . Name: Sophie Bird
Last week, police ordered one of Google’s cars to stop Occupation: 1) ...................
for driving too slowly on a public road. The car was not Reason for travel today: 2) ...................
6) ................... any law, so no one was punished. But Journey information
police did speak with the operators of the Name of station returning to: 3) ...................
7) ................... . According to Google, its self-driving Type of ticket purchased: Standard 4) ................... ticket
cars have been driven nearly 2 million kilometers. That Cost of ticket: 5) ...................
is equal to the distance the 8) ................... person When ticket was purchased: Yesterday
drives in 90 years. So far, no Google self-driving car Where ticket was bought: 6) ...................
has gotten a traffic ticket. Some of them have been in Satisfaction with journey
9) ................... when other cars hit them. Most satisfied with: the wifi
Least satisfied with: the 7) ................... this morning
Satisfaction with station facilities
Most satisfied with: how much 8) ................... was
provided
Least satisfied with: lack of seating, particularly on the
9) ...................
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with: the 10) ...................
available

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LESSON 9

Pronunciation in depth

0 - HOME PREPARATION

Cải thiện phát âm tiếng Anh

Cách 1: Luyện tập nghe các video tiếng Anh bản xứ

Luyện tập nghe với các video tiếng Anh bản xứ giúp bạn có thể biết được cách nhấn nhá câu, cách điều chỉnh tông
giọng và cách sử dụng tiếng Anh của người bản ngữ như thế nào. Đảm bảo rằng khi bạn luyện nghe tiếng Anh với các
video bản xứ hằng ngày thì bạn không chỉ cải thiện phát âm tiếng Anh, khả năng giao tiếp mà cũng kỹ năng Nghe của
bạn cũng tiến bộ đáng kể đó.

Cách 2: Sử dụng phương pháp Shadowing

Shadowing – bạn có thể hiểu đơn giản là việc cố gắng bắt chước y hệt 1 đoạn văn hay lời thoại tiếng Anh mà bạn đã
nghe được. Luyện tập Shadowing hàng ngày sẽ giúp bạn có sở hữu tông giọng tốt và vô cùng tự nhiên nhất. Bên cạnh
đó kỹ thuật Shadowing còn tạo cho bạn thói quen nhấn nhá các câu hệt như người bản xứ.

Cách 3: Lặp lại các câu Tongue twisters tiếng Anh

Tongue twisters được hiểu là các câu tiếng Anh ngắn, được lặp đi lặp lại với rất nhiều âm thanh tương tự nhau. Tongue
twisters sẽ giúp người học thành thạo các âm thanh tiếng Anh khó và có thể sử dụng chúng một cách tự nhiên hơn.

Cách 4: Ghi lại phát âm tiếng Anh của bản thân

Đối với cách luyện tập này, bạn có thể chỉ cần kể về một ngày đã trôi qua trong vài phút, đọc một đoạn văn từ một
cuốn sách yêu thích hoặc tin tức tiếng Anh nổi bật, nói một số từ vựng mới mà bạn đã học được hoặc bất cứ điều gì
phù hợp với bạn để có thể ghi âm lại. Sau các lần ghi âm, bạn cần nghe lại chúng và cố gắng bắt lỗi của mình, cho dù
đó là lỗi phát âm, lỗi ngữ pháp hay từ sử dụng sai.

Cách 5: Luyện nói trước gương

Cách tự cải thiện phát âm tiếng Anh cuối cùng chính là luyện tập nói trước gương. Luyện nói trước gương sẽ giúp bạn
tránh ngượng ngùng khi giao tiếp với người bản xứ trong các tình huống hàng ngày. Để hiệu quả hơn, bạn hãy note ra
những từ mình không tự tin khi nói, đứng trước gương xem lại khẩu hình miệng khi phát âm, sau đó so sánh và bắt
chước khẩu hình người bản xứ.

I - WARM UP

Warm up: What’s your phone number?

Số điện thoại của bạn là gì?

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
world were was word wall war wage wait weigh weird

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
pay page good wood woot gut gout paid pate pace

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
tease teach teat tip tea teeth fit feat fish fist

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II - LANGUAGE POINT: PRONUNCIATION FEATURES

2.1. The IPA chart
Bảng phiên âm IPA
Similar to the Vietnamese spelling table, the IPA Tương tự bảng đánh vần tiếng Việt, bảng phiên âm
international phonetic chart includes vowels and quốc tế IPA bao gồm các nguyên âm và phụ âm, hai
consonants. Two vowels put together will form a nguyên âm ghép với nhau sẽ tạo thành một nguyên âm
compound vowel. ghép.
The IPA table consists of 44 characters. The upper part is Bảng IPA gồm 44 âm. Phần trên là nguyên âm và phần
the vowel and the lower part is the consonant. dưới là phụ âm.
Vowels include 20 sounds divided into 2 halves, the right Nguyên âm gồm có 20 âm được chia làm 2 nửa, bên
is a diphthong and the left is a monophthongs. Single phải là nguyên âm đôi và bên trái là nguyên âm đơn.
vowels will be arranged in pairs, with the opening of the Nguyên âm đơn sẽ được xếp theo từng cặp, với độ mở
mouth increasing from top to bottom. Consonants are miệng lớn dần từ trên xuống dưới. Phụ âm cũng được
also classified in pairs of non-vibrating consonants and xếp theo cặp phụ âm không rung và phụ âm rung.
vibrating consonants.

From the phonetic form, rewrite the following paragraph to normal written English.
Exercise 1:
Từ hình thái phiên âm, viết lại đoạn văn sau sang tiếng Anh bình thường.
Tet ɪz ə ˈnæʃᵊnᵊl ˈfɛstəvəl ɪn ˌvjɛtˈnɑːm, ˈmɛni ˌvjɛtnəˈmiːz ˈpiːpl lʌv ɪt. Tet ɪz ˈsɛlɪbreɪtɪd ɪn ðə ˈʤænjuəri ɒv ˈluːnə
ˈkælɪndə tuː ˈwɛlkəm ðə njuː jɪə. bɪˈfɔː Tet, ˈpiːpl baɪ fuːd, fruːts, drɪŋk, ˈflaʊəz, ænd ðə məʊst ɪmˈpɔːtənt ɪz ðə piːʧ
ˈblɒsəm ɔː kumquat triː. ˈʧɪldrən ɑː bɔːt njuː kləʊðz baɪ ðeə ˈpeərənts. ɒn njuː jɪəz iːv, ɔːl ɒv ðə ˈfæmɪli ˈmɛmbəz
ˈɡæðə tuː ɡɪv iːʧ ˈʌðə ðə bɛst ˈwɪʃɪz ænd hæv ə miːl. ˈdjʊərɪŋ Tet, ˈpiːpl kæn ɡəʊ tuː ðə pɑːks, ˈsteɪdiəmz tuː siː
ˈfaɪəwɜːks, ɪt ɪz ˈvɛri ˈbjuːtəfʊl. ˈʧɪldrən kæn rɪˈsiːv ˈlʌki-ˈmʌni frɒm ˈpeərənts ænd ˈrɛlətɪvz. aɪ laɪk ˈsteɪɪŋ æt həʊm tuː
wɒʧ ðə njuː jɪəz ˈkɒmɪdiz, ɪt meɪks miː lɑːf ə lɒt. ɒn ðə nɛkst deɪ, ˈpiːpl ɡəʊ tuː ðə ˈtɛmpl tuː θæŋk ði ˈænsɪstəz,
ˈbʊdə huː hɛlpt ˈɛvrɪwʌn ɪn ði əʊld jɪə. ɪn ʃɔːt, aɪ ˈrɪəli lʌv Tet, ænd aɪ həʊp ðæt Tet wɪl ˈɔːlweɪz biː ən ɪmˈpɔːtənt
ˈfɛstəvəl fɔː ˌvjɛtnəˈmiːz ˈpiːpl.
.............................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................
.

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Q: Can you list all voiceless consonants?

Bạn có thể liệt kê tất cả các phụ âm vô thanh không?
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................

Q: With which vowels and consonants do you need more practice?

Bạn cần luyện phát âm những nguyên âm và phụ âm nào?
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................

2.2. Ending sounds

Phụ âm cuối
Because Vietnamese does not have ending sounds, many Vì tiếng Việt không có ending sound, nên rất nhiều người
Vietnamese often forget to pronounce them when Việt thường quên ending sound khi phát âm tiếng Anh.
speaking English. Ending sounds are also known as Ending sound (final sound) hay còn gọi là “âm cuối”
"final sounds" in English. For some words, the ending trong tiếng Anh. Với một số từ, ending sound có vai trò
sound is extremely important. Without ending sounds, cực kỳ quan trọng. Nếu phát âm không có ending sound,
the word will be interpreted differently or the listener từ đó sẽ được hiểu theo nghĩa khác hoặc người nghe
will not understand what you want to say. We need to không hiểu bạn muốn nói từ gì. Chúng ta cần đặc biệt
place stress on ending sounds strongly when they are phát âm mạnh ending sound khi nó là âm gió.
voiceless.

ending sound gốc từ: âm cuối của từ gốc sẵn có

fine /faɪn/ six /sɪks/ sat /sæt/ nice /naɪs/

guy /ɡaɪ/ neck /nɛk/
five /faɪv/ sick /sɪk/ sad /sæd/ night /naɪt/
guide /ɡaɪd/ next /nɛkst/
file /faɪl/ sit /sɪt/ sack /sæk/ nike /naɪk/

s/es ending sound: thường là do chia động từ hoặc danh từ số nhiều

Develops /dɪˈveləpS/ Buildings /ˈbɪldɪŋZ/ Kisses /'kɪsIZ/

Meets /miːtS/ Windows /ˈwɪndoʊZ/ Dances /'dænsIZ/
Books /bʊkS/ Rooms /ruːmZ/ Boxes /'bɑːksIZ/
Laughs / læfS/ Means /miːnZ/ Roses /'roʊzIZ/
Months /mʌnθS/ Cars /kɑːrZ/ Dishes /'dɪʃIZ/

· ed ending sound: thêm -ed vào sau từ vựng khi chia động từ

Wanted /ˈwɑːntID/ Robbed /rɑːbD/ Stopped /stɑːpT/

Needed /'niːdID/ Loved /lʌvD/ Looked /lʊkT/
Lifted /'lɪftID/ Closed /kloʊzD/ Laughed /læfT/
Translated /trænsˈleɪtID/ Changed /tʃeɪndʒD/ Sentenced /ˈsentənsT/
Collected /kəˈlektID/ Climbed /klaɪmD/ Washed /wɑːʃT/

Work with your partner. Try to pronounce the following tongue twisters fluently.
Exercise 2:
Làm việc theo cặp. Thử pháp âm những câu xoắn lưỡi sau!

1) Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers

ˈpiːtə ˈpaɪpə pɪkt ə pɛk ɒv ˈpɪkld ˈpɛpəz
A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked
ə pɛk ɒv ˈpɪkld ˈpɛpəz ˈpiːtə ˈpaɪpə pɪkt

2) Betty Botter bought some butter

ˈbɛti ˈbɒtə bɔːt sʌm ˈbʌtə
But she said the butter’s bitter
bʌt ʃiː sɛd ðə ˈbʌtəz ˈbɪtə

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3) How much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood?
haʊ mʌʧ wʊd wʊd ə ˈwʊdˌʧʌk ʧʌk ɪf ə ˈwʊdˌʧʌk kʊd ʧʌk wʊd?
He would chuck, he would, as much as he could, and chuck as much wood
hiː wʊd ʧʌk, hiː wʊd, æz mʌʧ æz hiː kʊd, ænd ʧʌk æz mʌʧ wʊd
As a woodchuck would if a woodchuck could chuck wood
æz ə ˈwʊdˌʧʌk wʊd ɪf ə ˈwʊdˌʧʌk kʊd ʧʌk wʊd

4) She sells seashells by the seashore

ʃiː sɛlz ˈsiːˌʃɛlz baɪ ðə ˈsiːʃɔː

5) How can a clam cram in a clean cream can?

haʊ kæn ə klæm kræm ɪn ə kliːn kriːm kæn?

6) I scream, you scream, we all scream for ice cream

aɪ skriːm, juː skriːm, wiː ɔːl skriːm fɔːr aɪs kriːm

7) I saw Susie sitting in a shoeshine shop

aɪ sɔː ˈsuːzi ˈsɪtɪŋ ɪn ə ˈʃuːˌʃaɪn ʃɒp

8) Susie works in a shoeshine shop. Where she shines she sits, and where she sits she shines
ˈsuːzi wɜːks ɪn ə ˈʃuːˌʃaɪn ʃɒp. weə ʃiː ʃaɪnz ʃiː sɪts, ænd weə ʃiː sɪts ʃiː ʃaɪnz

9) Fuzzy Wuzzy was a bear. Fuzzy Wuzzy had no hair. Fuzzy Wuzzy wasn’t fuzzy, was he?
ˈfʌzi Wuzzy wɒz ə beə. ˈfʌzi Wuzzy hæd nəʊ heə. ˈfʌzi Wuzzy wɒznt ˈfʌzi, wɒz hiː?

10) Can you can a can as a canner can can a can?

kæn juː kæn ə kæn æz ə ˈkænə kæn kæn ə kæn?

2.3. Pronunciation in IELTS Speaking marking

Vai trò của phát âm trong điểm Speaking IELTS
How Pronunciation is marked Cách chấm phát âm
The examiner who conducts your test will award you a Giám khảo sẽ cho bạn điểm Phát âm cũng như các tiêu
score for Pronunciation as well as the other marking chí khác. Cùng nhau, những điểm số đó được tính trung
criteria. Together those scores are averaged to give you a bình để ra điểm kỹ năng nói.
final speaking band score.
Fluency = 25% Lưu loát = 25%
Vocabulary = 25% Từ vựng = 25%
Grammar = 25% Ngữ pháp = 25%
Pronunciation = 25% Phát âm = 25%

Band Description Mô tả

There are some miscommunications which might cause Có lỗi phát âm gây khó khăn cho người nghe.
difficulty for the listener. The candidate attempts to control Thí sinh cố gắng kiểm soát các đặc điểm phát
5
pronunciation features, but often does not succeed. The âm nhưng thường không thành công. Thí sinh
candidate may show some features of band 6. có thể thể hiện một số đặc điểm của band 6.

The candidate uses a range of pronunciation features but

Thí sinh thể hiện được đặc điểm phát âm
the control is not consistent throughout the test. There
nhưng khả năng kiểm soát không nhất quán.
6 might be mispronunciation of words or sounds which
Còn phát âm sai và chưa rõ ràng. Tuy nhiên,
reduces the clarity. However, the meaning of what is being
người nghe có thể hiểu tốt.
said is generally clear throughout the test.

Shows all features of band 6 and only some of the positive Thể hiện các yếu tố tích cực ở band 6 và một số
7
features of band 8. yếu tố của band 8.

Uses a wide range of pronunciation features throughout Thể hiện được đặc trưng phát âm của Tiếng
8 most of the test. Is easy to understand and the mother Anh xuyên suốt bài kiểm tra. Pháp âm dễ hiểu
tongue does not affect clarity. và không bị ảnh hưởng nhiều bởi tiếng mẹ đẻ.

The candidate uses a full range of features with precision Phát âm một cách chính xác, tinh tế, mượt mà,
9
and subtlety. The candidate is effortless to understand. giúp người nghe dễ hiểu.

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Features of pronunciation
Đặc điểm phát âm tiếng Anh
There are a number of features of pronunciation that the Giám khảo phần thi nói sẽ đánh giá một số đặc điểm về
speaking examiner will be assessing you on. phát âm của bạn. Các đặc điểm phát âm và mức độ dễ
Pronunciation features and how easy you are to hiểu của bạn là hai khía cạnh chính của tiêu chí Phát âm
understand are the two key aspects of IELTS Speaking trong phần thi nói IELTS. Dưới đây là tóm tắt một số đặc
Pronunciation. Below is a some of the main features: điểm phát âm chính:

1. Individual sounds - similar sounds (p/b/m/n/d/t) 1. Các âm riêng lẻ - các âm tương tự (p/b/m/n/d/t) cụm
consonant clusters (sht/cht etc), length of vowels phụ âm (sht / cht, v.v.), độ dài của nguyên âm
(sheep/ship etc), schwa (the lazy vowel sound that is (ship/sheep, v.v.), schwa (nguyên âm lười không bao giờ
never stressed - example - there are two schwas in được nhấn trọng âm - ví dụ - có hai schwas trong chữ
"dangerous), silent letters. "dangerous", âm câm.
2. Strong and weak forms - example "and" - this can be 2. Dạng mạnh và dạng yếu - ví dụ "and" - dạng này có
produced as "n" (fish and chips = fish “n” chips) or it can thể được viết thành "n" (fish and chips = fish “n” chip)
be pronounced at full length “and”. This depends on how hoặc có thể được phát âm đầy đủ là “and”. Điều này phụ
and when you use this word. thuộc vào cách thức và thời điểm bạn sử dụng từ này.
3. Word stress and syllables (sounds inside a word that 3. Trọng âm của từ và âm tiết (âm thanh bên trong từ
carry the stress) mang trọng âm đó)
4. Sentence stress (this links to chunking) 4. Trọng âm của câu (điều này liên kết với chunking)
5. Intonation (putting feeling and emphasis into your 5. Ngữ điệu (tạo cảm xúc và sự nhấn mạnh khi nói khiến
speaking which causes your tone to rise and fall) giọng điệu của bạn lên xuống)
6. Linking sounds and words 6. Liên kết âm và từ
7. Chunking (putting parts of a sentence together into 7. Chunking (ghép các phần của câu lại với nhau thành
chunks to create stress and clarity within a sentence) các đoạn để tạo trọng âm và sự rõ ràng trong câu)
8. Contractions (it is = it's / my name is = my name's / I 8. Phát âm tắt (it is = it's / my name is = my name's / I
did not = I didn't / I have been = I've bin / I'm going to = did not = I didn't / I have been = I've bin / I'm going to =
I'm gonna / I want to = I wanna) I'm gonna / I want to = I wanna)

Below are sample questions and answers in part 1 of the IELTS Speaking test. Under
Exercise 3: the guidance of your teacher, try reading the answers aloud and note any
pronunciation features that you are not yet proficient in.
Dưới đây là các câu hỏi và câu trả lời mẫu trong phần 1 Speaking Ielts test. Dưới sự hướng
dẫn của giáo viên, thử đọc to các câu trả lời với và ghi chú lại những đặc điểm phát âm mà
bạn chưa thành thạo.
Q. How often do you ride a bicycle? [Why/Why not?]
Answer: Honestly speaking, I scarcely ride a bicycle these days. Busy lifestyle, faster speed of motorized vehicles
and our apathy to get involved in physical activities have forced us to use a bicycle less often. Once in a while, I
ride a bicycle and that's primarily to have fun and not to travel. Personally, I more often use a car than a bicycle
because the former is faster and more comfortable to ride in.

Q. When do people give gifts or presents in your country?

Answer: In my country, we mostly give gifts to others on special days like birthdays, wedding ceremonies, or an
anniversary day. It's a widely followed custom to exchange gifts during the Christmas holidays. We often buy gifts
for a classmate, colleague or teacher on their farewell days. Besides, we often buy candies for children and flowers
for our relatives whenever we visit their houses.

Q. Do you play any games? [Why/Why not?]

Answer: Yes, I like to play badminton most of the time. Football was, and still is my favourite sport, but I can't find
the time to practice football in the evening. I am a great fan of chess and I often visit a few of my friends who are
also passionate about playing chess. Sometimes, a single chess match between me and my friend takes multiple
days to finish!

Q. Who do you spend the most time talking to on the telephone? [Why?]
Answer: I believe that would be my mom. She is very close to me and starts worrying if she does not hear from me
for more than a few hours. She calls me a few times each day whenever I am out and I can tell her virtually
anything. For these reasons, she is the person I spend the most time talking to on a telephone or on a mobile phone.

Q. What do you like doing most with your friend(s)?

Answer: I like to have conversations with my friends and hang out with them. I often play indoor and outdoor
games with them. Since we can virtually say anything to our friends and do anything with them, we can be truly
ourselves with them. I sometimes, prefer to travel to different cities with my friends, and I went to Milan a few
months ago with two of my closest buddies.

Q. Which instrument do you like listening to the most? [Why?]

Answer: I mostly like the sound of the piano. The note that a piano produces is so delightful and melodious. It
soothes the ear and refreshes my mind. The guitar is perhaps my second most preferred musical instrument and it is
widely used with most of the music types.

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HOMEWORK

Task 1: Choose the words with different Task 2: Choose the words with different
pronunciation. Use a dictionary to check the pronunciation. Use a dictionary to check the
IPA transcription. IPA transcription.
Chọn ra từ có phát âm khác với những từ còn lại. Chọn ra từ có phát âm khác với những từ còn lại.
Dùng từ điển để kiểm tra IPA. Dùng từ điển để kiểm tra IPA.

1 A. laughed B. washed C. helped D. weighed 1 A. hopes B. looks C. cuts D. stays

2 A. opened B. knocked C. played D. occurred 2 A. meets B. shops C. trucks D. knows
3 A. rubbed B. tugged C. stopped D. filled 3 A. nations B. lives C. kicks D. goods
4 A. dimmed B. travelled C. passed D. stirred 4 A. fixes B. coughs C. bosses D. wishes
5 A. laughed B. washed C. helped D. weighed 5 A. finds B. mouths C. mopes D. chips
6 A. packed B. punched C. pleased D. pushed 6 A. sings B. speaks C. gains D. opens
7 A. filled B. naked C. decided D. wanted 7 A. soups B. cuts C. boys D. wreaths
8 A. caused B. increased C. practised D. promised 8 A. engages B. strikes C. paths D. develops
9 A. washed B. parted C. passed D. barked 9 A. reaches B. misses C. fishes D. lifts
10 A. killed B. cured C. crashed D. waived 10 A. works B. kicks C. mixes D. ploughs

Task 3: Underline all words that contain a voiceless ending sound and practice pronunciation.
Gạch chân tất cả các từ có chứa ending sound là âm gió, tập bắt chước phát âm.
I think I’m lucky enough to know many hospitable people who are really supportive whenever I get into trouble. But
the one that I admire most is my classmate – Hau – who is one of the most kind-hearted people I have ever met in my
life.
Appearance-wise, she is a pretty girl with long hair and a bright smile. Also, she is such an outgoing girl that you can
find it easy to come and talk to her even if you have just met her for the first time.
Apart from school, she is a dedicated volunteer whose life motto is “helping is receiving”. She has taken part in many
local volunteer projects to help underprivileged children and old people living alone at weekends. In addition, she has
even joined some fundraising campaigns to donate money for the preservation of ancient historical sites. Also, she is a
philanthropic individual who participates in some educational projects in which she teaches basic math and languages
for orphans.
She was the one who helped me when I first went to university. At that time, I was quite reserved and struggled to
make friends because they were so talented and energetic. Hau approached me and guided me to make friends with
others, which really touched me.
I remember one time when I got depressed after failing my math exam, she was the one who lingered after class to
walk me through all the problems I had and made me feel confident enough to do better next time.
I’m bowled over by her efforts to give value to the community, and I also adore her for the dedication she has in all
things she does to others around her.
Task 4: Underline all words that contain the voiceless ending sound and practice pronunciation.
Gạch chân tất cả các từ có chứa ending sound là âm gió, tập bắt chước phát âm.

Word V-meaning IPA Transcript Word form Class Make an E sentence

Từ Nghĩa Việt Phiên âm Từ loại Phân cấp Đặt câu tiếng Anh

security

aspects

acquisition

features

commission

regulations

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LESSON 10

4 Skills: A great place to be

I - WARM UP

Work in pairs. Guess the name of the cities shown Làm việc theo cặp, đoán tên của các thành phố
in these pictures and talk about them for 1 minute. trong những bức tranh này và nói trong 1 phút. Bạn
You should talk about the city’s location, people, nên nói về vị trí của thành phố, con người, ẩm thực
cuisine and famous places there. và những địa điểm nổi tiếng ở đó.

II - LANGUAGE POINT

2.1. Vocabulary - Collocations and prepositional phrases

Từ vựng - Collocations và cụm giới từ (prepositional phrases)
Q: Which of these words are adjectives, and
which are nouns? Write the words in the box in Adjectives Nouns
the correct columns.
Từ nào trong số những từ này là tính từ, và từ nào
là danh từ? Viết các từ trong hộp vào đúng cột.

festivals lively
friendly pretty
food scenery
tasty spectacular

inhabitants

village

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Complete the gaps in this passage with an adjective and noun from above.
Exercise 1:
Hoàn thành các khoảng trống trong đoạn văn này với một tính từ và danh từ ở trên.

MY HOME CITY (PART 1)

What can I tell you about my home city? First of all, I have to mention its 1) friendly habitants. Everyone
smiles and says hello when you meet them. Then there’s the 2) .................................. which you can get
everywhere. It’s delicious, and really cheap. Four or five times a year there are 3) .................................. where
people celebrate important events with street parties and other fun activities. And if you get fed up with the city,
you can take a bus into the countryside, where there are lots of 4) .................................. The hills and mountains
there also provide some really 5) ..................................

Complete these sentences by choosing the best preposition.

Exercise 2:
Hoàn thành những câu sau bằng cách chọn giới từ phù hợp

1) My house is by / in the sea. You walk out of the front door straight onto the beach.
2) I live in a two-room flat in / on the outskirts of the city.
3) We spent two weeks in a small village in / on the mountains.
4) Property prices by / in the city centre are so expensive that only a few people can afford them.
5) The town of Wadi Musa is near / on the desert. It’s only an hour’s drive away.
6) I would hate to live by / in the country. It must be quiet and boring there.
7) When I was a growing up in the UK, I lived in / on the suburbs.
8) Our house was right by / near a river. There was a place at the end of garden where you could lease your boat.

2.2. Reading - Table completion

Kĩ năng Đọc - Dạng bài Hoàn thành bảng

Q1: You are going to read a passage about Q2: Find words or phrases in the passage
some of the cities. Read the passage quickly which have a similar meaning to the underlined
and answer these questions. words and phrases in the table below.
Bạn sẽ đọc một đoạn văn về một số thành phố. Tìm các từ hoặc cụm từ trong đoạn văn có nghĩa
Đọc đoạn văn một cách nhanh chóng và trả lời tương tự với các từ và cụm từ được gạch chân
những câu hỏi sau. trong bảng dưới đây.

1) Which of the cities above are mentioned? well-known: ................. very: .................
.................................................................................. quality of life: ................. not many: .................
2) How many advantages are given for each city? excellent: ................. residents: .................
..................................................................................

most pleasant: .................

a lot: .................

THE BEST CITIES IN THE WORLD

In a recent internet survey, tourists and business travellers were asked to rate 50 cities around the world,
from the best to the worst. Of the top three cities, two were in Europe and one was in Australia.

In third place was London, scoring highly mainly because it was the most famous city on the list of 50
surveyed. It was also seen as a very good place to do business, and was an important cultural centre.
However, it lost points because people believed it was an extremely expensive place to live.

Sydney was also a very popular destination, achieving second place on the list because people believed it
had the friendliest inhabitants, as well as the best standard of living and the nicest climate. It failed to make
the top spot, however, because people thought there were very few things to see there, and many also
thought it was too far away from other business and cultural centres.

At the top of the list was Paris. Despite problems such as the large amount of traffic, it beat other cities to
first place because people considered it to be the most interesting city, with more museums, art galleries
and places of interest than anywhere else. People also thought it was the best city to take a holiday in.

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Complete the gaps in this passage with an adjective and noun from above.
Exercise 3:
Hoàn thành các khoảng trống trong đoạn văn này với một tính từ và danh từ ở trên.

City Overall rank Perceived advantages Perceived disadvantages

Is more well-known than the other cities.

London 1) .................... Is very 3 .....................
Has excellent 2) .................... opportunities.

Residents are the 4) ....................

Sydney Second Has the best quality of life. Not many things to see.
Has the most pleasant 5) ....................

Paris 6) .................... Is more 7) .................... than other cities. Has a lot of 8.......................

2.3. Listening - Form completion

Kĩ năng Nghe - Dạng bài Hoàn thành bảng

Q1: You are going to hear a woman calling an Good Moves Accommodation Agency
accommodation agency about an apartment Call taken by: Ben
she wants to rent. Before you listen, look at the
Name: 1) ........
form on the right and answer the following
questions. Telephone: 2) ........
Bạn sẽ nghe một người phụ nữ gọi cho một cơ Heard about us from: 3)........
quan lưu trú về một căn hộ mà cô ấy muốn thuê. Type of accommodation preferred: 4)........
Trước khi nghe, hãy nhìn vào mẫu bên phải và trả Number of people: 5)........
lời các câu hỏi sau. Preferred location: Wants to be close to 6) ........
Price: maximum 7) £........ per person
In which gaps do you think you will need to write:
(including 8) ........ )
1) a word(s) only: ...............................................
2) a number only: ............................................... Additional notes:
3) a word(s) and a number: ................................ I suggested Flat 3 at 9) ........ Road in Bampton

I will send further details to customer by 10) ........

Complete the gaps in this passage with an adjective and noun from above. Now
Exercise 4:
listen and complete the form. Write no more than TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER
for each answer.
Bây giờ hãy lắng nghe và hoàn thành biểu mẫu. Viết không quá HAI TỪ VÀ/HOẶC MỘT
SỐ cho mỗi câu trả lời.

2.4. Writing - Task 1

Kỹ năng viết Task 1

Look at the pie chart and match sentence parts 1–7 with a–g.
Exercise 5: Nhìn vào biểu đồ hình tròn và nối các phần câu 1–7 với a–g.

1)The chart shows

2) The largest percentage, 36 percent,
3) 22 percent
4) 16 percent of visitors
5) The city’s cafés, bars and restaurants were popular with
6) 10 percent
7) Overall, the majority of visitors
a) like its museums and galleries the most.
b) choose its friendly inhabitants.
c) choose other things.
d) think that its summer arts festival is the best thing about it.
e) think the city’s cultural attractions are its best features.
f) another 16 percent of visitors.
g) what visitors to Edinburgh like most about the city.

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Now look at the chart which shows where tourists stay at a holiday destination. Put
Exercise 6: the sentences below in the correct order to make a summary.
Bây giờ hãy nhìn vào biểu đồ về nơi khách du lịch ở tại một điểm đến trong kỳ nghỉ. Sắp
xếp các câu dưới đây theo đúng thứ tự để tạo thành một bản tóm tắt.

a) 24 percent of tourists stay in these.

b) The youth hostel and the campsite accommodate nine percent
and eight percent of tourists.
c) Overall, more visitors stay in hotels than in any other kind of
accommodation.
d) The largest percentage, 34 percent, stay in the town’s local
hotels.
e) The chart gives information about the different types of
accommodation that tourists stay in when they visit Casuarina
Beach.
f) International hotels are also popular, with 22 percent of tourists
choosing to stay in one.
g) A further three percent stay in other types of accommodation.
h) Guest houses are the next most popular type of accommodation.

HOMEWORK

Task 1: Which of these words are adjectives, and which are nouns? Write the words in the box in
the correct columns. Then complete each gap in the passage below with TWO words.
Từ nào trong số những từ này là tính từ, và từ nào là danh từ? Viết các từ trong hộp vào đúng cột. Sau đó
hoàn thành mỗi khoảng trống trong đoạn văn dưới đây với Hai từ.

apartments lifestyle Adjectives Nouns

crowded relaxed
city streets

industrial

tiny

MY HOME CITY (PART 2)

It has its bad points as well. It’s an 1) ................................., which means that there is a lot of pollution, and there are
also lots of ugly factories everywhere. Most people live in 2) ................................. because houses are too expensive.
They work really hard, and they can’t afford to enjoy the sort of 3) ................................. that many people associate
with my country. And it can take ages to walk along the 4) .................................in the city centre because there
are so many people and so much traffic.

Task 2: Listen to four short conversations, Task 3: Now listen to these short
and complete these sentences by choosing the conversations, and complete the sentences
correct word and/or number. with no more than 2 WORDS AND/OR A
Nghe bốn đoạn hội thoại ngắn, và hoàn thành NUMBER.
những câu này bằng cách chọn đúng từ và/hoặc Nghe bốn đoạn hội thoại ngắn, và hoàn thành
số. những câu này bằng cách chọn đúng từ và/hoặc
số.
1) The man is moving house on Friday 3rd / 13th / 30th.
1) The woman’s name is .......................
2) The man has come from Crowford / Crauford /
2) The woman’s mobile number is .......................
Crawsord.
3) The man’s address is ....................... Fenton.
3) The man’s mobile number is 0780 29227 / 0872 92702
4) The woman arrived on ....................... April.
/ 0870 292720
4) Sue lives at 70 Sydney/70 Sidney/17 Sydney Avenue.

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Task 4: Match the words or phrases (1–7), which A CITY SURVEY WITH A DIFFERENCE
are underlined in the passage, with the words or

phrases (a–g) which have a similar meaning. There are many websites on the Internet which
Nối các từ hoặc cụm từ (1–7), được gạch chân trong provide lists of the world’s best cities to visit, live
đoạn văn, với các từ hoặc cụm từ (a–g) có nghĩa
tương tự.
or work in. These lists usually grade the cities in
order, from ‘best’ to ‘worst’, and are based on
a) a number of 1) similar to facts and figures provided by local or national
b) every 2) each organisations.
c) get a job 3) total
The City Brands Index (CBI) also provides a list
d) helpful 4) several of best and worst cities. However, unlike other
e) like 5) useful surveys, it is based on the idea that cities are
f) local 6) find work similar to products in shops. It asks ordinary
g) maximum 7) regional people in other countries to grade cities in the
same way that they would grade a product, like a
soft drink or a car. What is particularly different
Task 5: Now complete the notes below. Choose
ONE WORD OR A NUMBER from the passage for about the CBI is that the people who take part in
each answer. the survey may not have ever visited the cities.
Bây giờ hoàn thành các ghi chú dưới đây. Chọn một Instead, they are asked to say what they think the
WORD HOẶC MỘT SỐ từ đoạn văn cho mỗi cities are like, basing their opinions on things like
trả lời. news stories, magazine articles or television
programmes they have heard or seen.
The City Brands Index
The CBI believes that cities are like 1) ........ which Each year, about 10,000 people in 20 countries
people can buy when they go shopping. take part in the CBI survey, and they grade a total
Surveys take place every 2) ........ of 50 cities. They do this by filling in an online
A maximum of 3) ........ cities are included in the questionnaire. There are several categories in the
survey. survey. These include things like the economy,
A number of different 4) ........ are included in the education, the environment, local culture, climate
survey. and what the city’s residents are like.

The CBI list is helpful for: The CBI list is useful because it helps people
People who are trying to decide where to 5) ..........
choose a good place to live, find work or take a
holiday. It also helps regional governments to
or get a job.
understand why people and businesses are, or are
People who are looking for a good 6) .......... are
not, coming to their cities, and so shows them
included in destination. areas which they could develop or improve.
Local 7) .......... who want to make their city a better
place.

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LESSON 11

4 Skills: People's lives

I - WARM UP

Work with the whole class, let’s see who can

finish the crossword fastest. Complete the
crossword with the past simple forms of these
verbs.
Cùng cả lớp thi xem ai giải ô chữ nhanh nhất.
Hoàn thành ô chữ với dạng quá khứ đơn của
những động từ này.

ACROSS
1) win 2) have 4) buy 5) sell 8) be 10) meet 11) take

DOWN:
1) go 3) do 4) become 5) spend 6) write 7) leave 9) get

II - LANGUAGE POINT

2.1. Vocabulary - Working out the meanings of words

Từ vựng - Tìm hiểu nghĩa của từ
Match the first part of each sentence (l-5) with the second part (a-e).
Exercise 1:
Nối phần đầu tiên của mỗi câu (l-5) với phần thứ hai (a-e).
1) ant, ist and er are often used at the end of a word a) to indicate that something must be done again.
2) un is often used at the beginning of a word b) to change a verb or noun into an adjective.
3) able and ic are often used at the end of a word c) to indicate a person, especially with a particular job.
4) re is often used at the beginning of a word d) to change a noun or adjective into a verb,
5) fy is often used at the end of a word e) to make a word negative.

Complete these sentences with the correct form of the words in the box.
Exercise 2:
Hoàn thành những câu này với dạng đúng của các từ trong hộp.

accept account afford apology certainty

prefer run write receive identity
1. My essay on famous explorers was so bad that 1 had to ....................... it.
2. When you arrive at the hotel, the ........................ will give you your key and tell you which room you’re in.
3. Sylvia Earle thinks that the amount of fish we are catching at sea is ........................
4. There were over 300 ........................ in the race.
5. In my opinion, travelling with friends is ........................ to travelling on your own.
6. Can you ........................ the famous explorer in this picture? I think I recognise him, but I’m not sure.
7. Unfortunately, there’s a lot of ........................ about her future with the company, and she may lose her job.
8. This restaurant is not expensive. The food is good and
9. She was very ........................ about missing the meeting and said sorry to everyone.
10. We need a good ........................ to take care of our business finances.

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2.2. Reading - Short-answer questions; True / False / Not Given

Kĩ năng Đọc - Dạng bài câu hỏi ngắn và True / False / Not Given

Q: Look at this picture and answer the

questions below.
Nhìn vào bức tranh và trả lời các câu hỏi dưới đây.

1) What do you think this person does?

..................................................................................
2) What are the dangers involved in a job like this?
..................................................................................

Q: You are going to read a passage about a

woman called Sylvia Earle. Before you read the
passage, look at the title and the subheading.
What do you think the passage will talk about?
Bạn sắp đọc một đoạn văn về một người phụ nữ tên
là Sylvia Earle. Trước khi bạn đọc đoạn văn, hãy
nhìn vào tiêu đề và tiêu đề phụ. Bạn nghĩ đoạn văn
sẽ nói về điều gì?

a) a woman who has an interesting hobby

b) a scientist who wants to know more about the sea
c) a student who wants to become an underwater explorer

Read the passage. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER
Exercise 3: FROM THE PASSAGE for each answer.
Đọc đoạn văn. Chọn KHÔNG QUÁ HAI TỪ VÀ/HOẶC MỘT SỐ TRONG ĐOẠN VĂN cho
mỗi câu trả lời.
...................................................
1) What career did Sylvia decide to follow after her first dive? ...................................................
2) How far under water did she go in order to break a world record?
...................................................
3) What was causing harm to everything living in the sea?
4) Where does Sylvia think we should get our fish from? ...................................................

SYLVIA EARLE, UNDERWATER HERO

She has spent her working life studying the world's oceans. Sylvia Earle is an underwater explorer and
marine biologist who was born in the USA in 1935. She became interested in the world's oceans from an
early age. As a child, she liked to stand on the beach for hours and look at the sea, wondering what it
must be like under the surface.

When she was 16, she finally got a chance to make her first dive. It was this dive that inspired her to
become an underwater explorer. Since then, she has spent more than 6,500 hours under water, and has
led more than seventy expeditions worldwide. She has also made the deepest dive ever, reaching a
record-breaking depth of 381 metres.

In 1970, she became famous around the world when she became the captain of the first all-female team
to live under water. The team spent two weeks in an underwater 'house'. The research they carried out
showed the damage that pollution was causing to marine life, and especially to coral reefs. Her team also
studied the problem of over-fishing. Fishing methods meant that people were catching too many fish,
Earle warned, and many species were in danger of becoming extinct.

Since then she has written several books and magazine articles in which she suggests ways of reducing
the damage that is being done to the world's oceans. One way, she believes, is to rely on fish farms for
seafood, and reduce the amount of fishing that is done out at sea. Although she no longer eats seafood
herself, she realises the importance it plays in our diets. It would be wrong to tell people they should stop
eating fish from the sea, she says. However, they need to reduce the impact they are having on the
ocean's supplies.

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Now decide if these statements are TRUE, FALSE or NOT GIVEN according to the
Exercise 4:
information in the passage.
Bây giờ hãy quyết định xem những câu này là TRUE, FALSE hay NOT GIVEN theo thông
tin trong đoạn văn.
1) Sylvia Earle lives in the USA
2) Until 1970, nobody had lived underwater before
3) Sylvia Earle was worried about the amount of fish that were being caught
4) Her books offer some solutions to marine problems
5) She thinks people should avoid eating seafood.

2.3. Listening - Form completion

Kĩ năng Nghe - Dạng bài Hoàn thành bảng

Exercise 5:

MAGAZINE INTERVIEW
You are going to hear a conversation between Name: Tom 1) ......................
Eddie and Bridget about someone that Eddie is Occupation: 2) ......................
going to interview for a magazine. Think about Has written: 3) ......................
the type of information you need for each
space. Listen to the conversation and complete Crossed Gobi desert in 4) ......................
the notes. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS Title of latest book:
AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. ‘Has Anyone Seen 5) ......................
Has won ‘Travel Book of 6) ...................... award.
Bạn sẽ nghe cuộc trò chuyện giữa Eddie và Date of interview: Friday 7) .......................
Bridget về một người mà Eddie sẽ phỏng vấn cho Contact number: 8) ...................... (call arrange time)
một tạp chí. Hãy suy nghĩ về loại thông tin bạn cần
cho mỗi không gian. Nghe đoạn hội thoại và hoàn Place of interview: 9) ...................... Summertown.
thành ghi chú. Viết KHÔNG QUÁ HAI TỪ See his 10) ...................... for more information.
VÀ/HOẶC MỘT SỐ cho mỗi câu trả lời.

2.4. Writing - Task 2

Kỹ năng viết Task 2
Q: Look at this Writing task, then answer the questions which follow it.
Nhìn vào câu hỏi Task 2 này, sau đó trả lời các câu hỏi sau

What should you do in this essay? Choose YES or NO. In the past, people usually stayed in
one place throughout their life.
1. Write about the past. YES NO These days, people often move
2. Write about the present. YES NO around. They often live in several
3. Explain why people stayed in one place. YES NO
different places in their lifetime.
4. Describe the sort of places where people lived. YES NO
5. Explain why people move around more these days. YES NO What are the advantages and
6. Say what is good and bad about both situations. YES NO disadvantages of both?
7. Give your own opinion. YES NO
8. Say why you have this opinion. YES NO Give reasons for your answer and
9. Give the opinion of other people. YES NO include any relevant information
10. Talk about your personal experiences. YES NO from your own experience. Write at
11. Write a maximum of 250 words. YES NO least 250 words.

Look at this sample answer, and complete the gaps with words from the box. You will
Exercise 6:
need to use some words more than once, and in some cases more than one answer is
possible.
Nhìn vào bài mẫu này và điền vào ô trống với các từ cho sẵn. Bạn sẽ cần sử dụng một số
từ nhiều lần và trong một số trường hợp có thể có nhiều hơn một câu trả lời.

also and believe but however opinion think view

In the past, it was common for people to be born, grow up, live and die in the same place. This is still the case in
some cultures, 1) ..................... not in all.
I 2) ..................... believe think, that living in one place had its advantages. People were always close to their family
and their friends. In small communities, people knew everyone well 3) ..................... helped each other more. There
was a real community spirit.

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4) ..................... , there were disadvantages as well. For example, people probably got bored easily 5) ......................
would not have been many job opportunities. 6) ..................... , when you had an argument with someone, you still
had to see them every day. It would be difficult to get away from them. Now, people are more mobile. In my
country, people move from place to place much more. I 7) ..................... that this is a good thing, because they can
learn more about the world and enjoy experiences that they would not have if they stayed in one place. They can 8)
.....................
meet more people 9) ....................... they have better job opportunities. In my 10) ..................... the main
disadvantages are that people can lose touch with their family 11) ..................... it can be difficult to make new
friends.
In my 12) ..................... there are clear advantages and disadvantages to the way people lived in the past 13)
..................... the way they live now. I would not like to live in the same place all my life. 14) ..................... , I
know some people who have done this 15) ................... they are perfectly happy.

Look at the sample answer again. Has the candidate answered the question?
Exercise 7:
Xem lại bài mẫu. Ứng viên đã làm thế nào?

The candidate 5) gives their own opinion.

1) gives an introduction. 6) talks about their personal experiences.
2) writes about the past. 7) gives a conclusion.
3) writes about the present. 8) has given a well-organised answer.
4) says what is good and bad about both situations. 9) has written at least 250 words.

2.5. Speaking - Q&A

Kỹ năng nói - Hỏi và đáp

Work with your partner. Think about the following question and try to form an answer
Exercise 8:
using brainstorming technique and S.E.E structure.
Làm việc với đối tác của bạn. Hãy suy nghĩ về câu hỏi sau và cố gắng hình thành câu trả lời
bằng cách sử dụng kỹ thuật động não và cấu trúc S.E.E.
1. Do you think job satisfaction is more important than salary when choosing a job?
2. What skills do you think are needed to get a good job these days?
3. Do you think women should be able to do all the same jobs that men do?
4. How has technology changed the way we work?
5. What is the difference between white collar and blue collar jobs?
6. What jobs do you think are most valuable to society?

HOMEWORK

Task 1: Look at the notes below. Which The City Brands Index
answers need:
Nhìn vào các ghi chú bên cạnh. Câu trả lời nào 1. First name: .................... Surname: ....................
cần:
2. Address: .................... Street, Wokingham, Berkshire
a) words only?.....................
3. Date of birth: 5th April ....................
b) numbers only?..........................
4. Telephone: ....................
c) words and numbers?
5. Occupation:....................
6. Distance from home to workplace: ......................
7. Method of transport to work: ....................
8. Freetime activities; cooking, .................... travel

Task 2: Listen to the questions and answers in their correct order. Complete the notes.
Nghe các câu hỏi và câu trả lời theo đúng thứ tự của chúng. Hoàn thành các ghi chú.

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Task 3: You are going to read about a traveller and explorer called Patrick Malone. Look at the flow
chart. What type of information do you think you need for each gap? Use the words in the box to
complete the flow chart above and then check your answers by reading the passage.
Bạn sắp đọc về một du khách và nhà thám hiểm tên là Patrick Malone. Nhìn vào biểu đồ. Loại thông tin
nào cần cho mỗi khoảng trống? Sử dụng các từ cho sẵn để hoàn thành sơ đồ và sau đó kiểm tra câu trả
lời của bạn bằng cách đọc đoạn văn.

Britain

expedition Human Geography 1,400 kilometres remote teacher

Born in Moved to Studied Got a job Once travelled Often went Joined an
Switzerland 1) ............ 2) ............ as a more than walking in 6) ............ to
in 1968. when he at 3) ............ 4) ............ on foot places that were the Amazon.

was twelve. university.
on a single trip. quite 5) ............

PATRICK MALONE (PART 1)


Patrick Malone is a traveller, writer and broadcaster. He was born in 1968 in Basel, Switzerland, where his British
parents were working for a pharmaceutical company. His family left Switzerland when he was twelve, and returned to
their home in Britain. For the next six years, Malone attended the local secondary school. He then went to Leeds
University to do a course in Human Geography. He wanted to become a town planner. However, the only work he
could find was as a teacher at a local school.

During his holidays and free time, he went walking, often covering very long distances very quickly. On one occasion
he walked the entire length of Britain, a distance of over 1,400 kilometres, in less than a month. He enjoyed the
experience and the challenge so much that he started walking in different parts of the world, usually in fairly remote
areas away from major population centres. The people he met and the experiences he had on these trips provided him
with some excellent material for his classes. It was during one trip that he met his old university tutor, Don Perkins.
At the time, Perkins was putting together a team of geographers and biologists for a research trip to the Amazon, and
asked Malone if he would like to go with them. The expedition was for a whole year, and so he had to give up his job
at the school, but Malone did not hesitate to accept Perkins' offer. He sold his car to make some money, bought an
airline ticket for Brazil and set off.

Task 4: Read the next part of the passage, and complete gaps 7-12. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO
WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each one.
Đọc phần tiếp theo của đoạn văn, và hoàn thành khoảng trống 7-12. Chọn KHÔNG QUÁ HAI TỪ
VÀ/HOẶC MỘT SỐ cho mỗi từ.
Made a
Travelled 2,500 7) ............. a 8) ............. They had Explored the Still likes to
successful
kilometres tribe that someone 9) ............. : Indonesian 12) .............
11)
through the nobody knew he met on Adam, Amelia islands for whenever
.............
Amazon. existed. a trip. and Jennifer. 10) ............. possible.

PATRICK MALONE (PART 2)

The Amazon expedition, which took six months and covered a distance of almost 2,500 kilometres, was a
great success. The group discovered some new plant and insect species, as well as a forest tribe which
people had never heard of. Malone enjoyed the trip so much that he decided to become a full-time
explorer. He earned money by writing travel articles for magazines and newspapers, which he illustrated
with his own photographs.
In 1996, he married Margaret Logan, an American doctor he had met while travelling around Africa. In
1998 they had Adam, the first of three children (twins Amelia and Jennifer were born a year later). Many
families at this stage would settle down, but Margaret and Patrick decided to keep travelling, spending two
years walking around India and another twelve months exploring the islands of Indonesia.
When they returned home, they wrote a magazine article about travelling with small children. It was so
popular that they were asked to write several more articles on the same subject. This was followed by an
offer from a television company to present a TV series about travelling with children. The series ran for 12
years, and won several television awards. Today they still make the most of every opportunity to travel,
and have recently returned from the South Pacific.

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LESSON 12

4 Skills: Travelling

I - WARM
UP

Work with your partner, in turns, ask and answer question about Travelling!
Lần lượt làm việc với đối tác của bạn, hỏi và trả lời câu hỏi về chủ đề Du lịch!

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II - LANGUAGE POINT
2.1. Reading - Labelling a diagram
Kĩ năng đọc - dạng bài điền vào biểu đồ

Q: Read the title and subtitle and look at the

picture. What do you think the passage will be Exercise 1:
about? Read the passage carefully. Complete labels
Đọc tiêu đề, phụ đề và nhìn vào hình ảnh. Bạn nghĩ (1-7) on the diagram. Choose NO MORE THAN
đoạn văn nói về chủ đề gì? TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the
passage for each answer.
a) an airliner that is not the same as other airliners Đọc kỹ đoạn văn. Điền các nhãn (1-7) trên sơ đồ.
b) reasons why a new airliner has been so successful Chọn KHÔNG QUÁ HAI TỪ VÀ/HOẶC MỘT SỐ
c) the problems that a new type of airliner has been cho mỗi câu trả lời.
having

2) Composite fuselage
material reduces the
amount of ............... 3) Airliner can
1) Composite that the airliner needs. accommodate at least
fuselage material is ............... .
much ...............
than traditional
aluminium sheets.

7) Window glass
can be made darker
by passing an
............... through
them.
4) Engineers can fit a
new engine in a 5) A special engine 6) The size of the
............... than it takes case reduces windows has increased
on other airlines. ............... . by ............... .

THE BOEING 787

The Boeing 787 'Dreamliner' has been described as the airliner of the future. We look at the technology
that makes it different. Until now, airliner fuselages have been made of aluminium sheets. Large aircraft
can have 1,500 of these sheets with between 40,000 and 50,000 metal fasteners. The 787 is the first
airliner to be built with a one-piece fuselage made from a special material called 'composite'. Not only
does this make the airliner quicker and easier to build, but it also makes it a lot lighter.

The advantage of this weight reduction is that the 787 uses 20 percent less fuel than other airliners of a
similar size, which makes it much more environmentally friendly. The reduced weight also means that
the Boeing 787 can fly further than many other airliners of a similar size, carrying 210 passengers or
more up to 15,200 kilometres before refuelling.

Sometimes an airliner needs to change from one type of engine to another. This is a difficult and time-
consuming process. The 787 has a revolutionary engine attachment on the wing which means that the
engines can be changed in a much shorter time. The case containing the engine is also different from
those on other airliners. It has been designed to cut down the noise from the engine, making it less noisy
for passengers in the cabin as well as for people on the ground.

In addition to a quieter cabin, passengers will also benefit from windows which are 65 percent larger
than those on other airliners, giving them a much better view of the world passing by below them. The
windows also have a unique facility which allows passengers or cabin crew to control the amount of light
that enters them. This is thanks to a liquid in the window which reacts to an electric current. When a
passenger or cabin crew member presses a button, the current causes a chemical reaction in the window
which darkens the liquid.

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2.2. Listening - Labelling a diagram

Kĩ năng Nghe - Dạng bài Hoàn thành biểu đồ
Q: You are going to hear an information Exercise 2:
announcement for passengers on a train.
Before you listen, look at the diagram below Now listen and label the diagram. Write ONE
and answer these questions. WORD ONLY for each answer.
Bạn sắp nghe một thông báo thông tin dành cho Bây giờ hãy lắng nghe và dán nhãn cho sơ đồ. Chỉ
hành khách trên một chuyến tàu. Trước khi bạn viết MỘT TỪ cho mỗi câu trả lời.
nghe, hãy nhìn vào sơ đồ dưới đây và trả lời những
câu hỏi này.

1) Where are you on the train?....................................... Observation deck. 1) Leisure centre has
You are here access to ............
2) Where is the engine?.....................................
3) What do we call the separate parts of the train where
the passengers sit? Are they A. cars B. carriages or C.
neither of these?
4) What do we call a room on a train or a ship where
you sleep? Is it A. a cell B. a cabin C. an office?

2) ............. car 4) ............ for first

for midday and class passengers
evening meals. only in the evening

Exercise 3:
3) Second class 5) Contact
Listen one more time and fill in the blanks. cabins with basic ............. by phone
Nghe một lần nữa và điền vào chỗ trống. ............. facilities if you need her.

Hello, everyone, and welcome aboard the Sunshine Express on our journey from London to Naples. I'm Jane
Sharpe, the train 1) ..................... and I hope you'll all enjoy the trip.
Before we depart, I'd like to tell you a bit about the train and its facilities. Now, we're here on the observation
2) ..................... which is where you'll probably spend most of your trip, as it offers the best views, and directly
below us is a, well, we call it our leisure 3) ..................... . There are some games machines, a television, a small
library and so on. If you've brought a 4) ..................... or computer with you, you can also get onto the Internet
here, as it has full wifi capability. There's also a small bar where you can get tea, coffee and light 5) ..................... .
For lunch and dinner, you'll use the restaurant car, which is at the front of the train. You'll have 6) ..................... in
your cabins, by the way, which will be brought to you by your steward.

The two cars behind the restaurant are where you'll find the second-class cabins. Each cabin has seats which are
changed into beds at night. You'll also find a 7) ..................... basin for washing, and a small fold-down table.
First-class passengers, your cabins are at the back of the train. To get to them, you'll need to pass through the
lounge. This can be used by 8) ..................... during the day, but is exclusive to first-class passengers after 6 p.m.
Right at the back of the train, basically as far as you can go, is my office. If anyone needs to see me, though, please
use the
9) ..................... in your cabin rather than coming to the office. Just press one and you'll get me. If I'm not there,
tell your steward you need to see the manager, and he or she will 10) ..................... for me.

2.3. Writing - Task 1

Kỹ năng viết Task 1

Q: Look at this Writing task, then answer the questions which follow it.
Nhìn vào câu hỏi Task 1 này, sau đó trả lời các câu hỏi sau

The table and bar chart show how journey times in a city centre changed after
improvements were made to the transport network, and the costs of using
different forms of transport in the city.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and
make comparisons where relevant.
rel

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€2.00

Average Average
Form of journey time journey time

Average cost per kilometre

transport before after €1.50

improvements improvements

€1.00
Tram 22 minutes 16 minutes

Bus 28 minutes 23 minutes €0.50

Taxi 9 minutes 12 minutes

€0.00

Car 10 minutes 15 minutes

Method of
Transport

1) How many forms of transport are included in the table and bar chart?
2) What was the fastest way of getting around the city before improvements to the transport network?
3) What was the fastest way of getting around the city after improvements to the transport network?
4) Do tram journeys take more time or less time than bus journeys?
5) How much on average does it cost to travel 1 km by taxi?
6) Is it cheaper to travel by bus or by tram?
7) Which form of transport experienced the biggest rise in journey times after improvements to the network?
8) Which form of transport experienced the biggest fall in journey times after improvements to the network?

Refer to the table and bar chart on the left. Complete the sentences with words from
Exercise 4:
the box. You will need to use some words more than once.
Tham khảo bảng và biểu đồ thanh bên trên. Hoàn thành các câu với các từ cho sẵn. Bạn sẽ
cần phải sử dụng một số từ nhiều lần.

big cheap economical expensive fast slow

1) Cost per kilometre: €0.40. The cheapest form of transport is the bus.
2) Average journey time: (before) 28 minutes; (after) 23 minutes. The bus is ................ form of transport.
3) Cost per kilometre: €0.50. The tram is ................ than the bus.
4) Average journey time: (before) 22 minutes; (after) 16 minutes. The tram is ................ than the bus.
5) Cost per kilometre: €1.80. ................ way of getting around the city is by taxi.
6) Average journey time: (before) 9 minutes; (after) 12 minutes. Taxis are ................ way of getting around the city.
7) Average journey (before) 10 minutes; (after) 15 minutes. Cars have seen ................ increase in journey times.
8 Average journey times: (before) 28 / 22 minutes; (after) 23 / 16 minutes. Journeys by bus and tram are ................
ram

than by car or taxi.

2.4. Speaking - Part 2

Kỹ năng nói - phần 2
Q: Look at this Speaking part 2 cue card. Spend 10 minutes planning an answer
which lasts 2 minutes. Practice speaking with a partner.
Nhìn vào thẻ gợi ý Nói phần 2 này. Dành 10 phút để lên kế hoạch cho câu trả lời kéo dài 2
phút. Thực hành nói chuyện với một đối tác.

Describe a tourist attraction you once visited. You should say: (Hãy
mô tả một địa điểm du lịch bạn đã từng ghé thăm. Bạn nên nói:)
When you visited it (Ghé thăm khi nào)
Where is it situated (Địa điểm đó tọa lạc ở đâu)
Who you went with (Bạn đi cùng với ai đến đó)
and say what you like about it the most (và đừng quên đề cập đến
điều mà bạn thích nhất tại địa điểm này)

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HOMEWORK

Task 1: Complete the second sentence in each Task 2: Complete the passage with the correct
pair so that it has a similar meaning to the first comparative or superlative form of the words in
sentence, using the comparative adverb form of brackets.
the words in bold. Hoàn thành đoạn văn với dạng so sánh hơn hoặc so
Điền vào câu thứ hai trong mỗi cặp để nó có nghĩa sánh nhất đúng của các từ trong ngoặc.
tương tự như câu đầu tiên, sử dụng dạng trạng từ
so sánh hơn của các từ in đậm. What do I think is 1)..................... (good) mode of
1) It’s quicker to get to London by train than by bus. transport? I think that depends on where and why I'm
You can get to London .............. by train than by bus. traveling. Obviously, over long distances, I can get to my
2) Price rises are steadier this year than last year. destination much 2)..................... (quick) if I fly. Going
Prices are rising ............... this year than last year. the same distance by train is 3)....................... (slow) than
3) Grilling food is healthier than frying it. going by plane, but in my opinion this can be
You’ll be ............. if you grill food instead of frying it. 4)..................... (good), as I can get to see more of the
4) It is easier to travel into town by bus than by car. country. Also, travelling by train is 5).....................
You can travel into town .............. by bus than by car. (comfortable) form of transport because there’s more
5) It’s more economical to shop in the market than in the room to move around. Without doubt, 6).....................
supermarket. (bad) method of transport, especially over long distances,
You can shop .............. in the market than in the has to be by bus. It's 7)..................... (cheap than going by
supermarket. train, but that's the only advantage 1 can think of. Of
course, 8)..................... (healthy) mode of transport is the
Task 3: Interview your best friend and complete bicycle. It may not be 9) ..................... (quick) way of
the questionnaire. getting around, and on some roads it's probably
Phỏng vấn người bạn thân nhất của bạn và hoàn 10)..................... (dangerous) way of travelling, but over
thành bảng câu hỏi. short distances I don't think there's anything
11)..................... (good). However, a bicycle is not very
1) Have you ever visited another country? Yes/No If so,
practical if you have to travel 12)..................... (far) than a
which one(s)?
few kilometres.
2) Which three cities do you like most?
3) Which cities would you NOT like to visit? Why?
4) Which country would you like to visit? Why?
5) Which country would you NOT like to visit?
6) How long do you usually go on holiday?
7) Do you try the local food when you travel?
8) Have you ever traveled alone?

Task 4: Read the passage quickly and underline words 1-8. Then match them with their definitions, a-h.
Đọc nhanh đoạn văn và gạch dưới các từ 1-8. Sau đó nối chúng với định nghĩa của chúng, a-h.
1. pedestrians a) trying something in order to discover what it is like
2. exhaust fumes b) the work that is done to keep something in good condition
3. experimenting c) people who own or manage shops
4. resistance d) when people disagree with a change, idea, etc., and refuse to accept it
5. shopkeepers e) the outer area of a city, town or village
6. construction f) the work of building houses, bridges, etc
7. maintenance g) people who are walking
8. outskirts h) strong, unpleasant and often dangerous gases from vehicles

PEDESTRIANS ONLY
How traffic-free shopping streets developed

A The concept of traffic-free shopping areas goes back a long time. During the Middle Ages, traffic-free
shopping areas known as souks were built in Middle Eastern countries to allow people to shop in comfort
and, more importantly, safety. As far back as 2,000 years ago, road traffic was banned from central Rome
during the day to allow for the free movement of pedestrians, and was only allowed in at night when
shops and markets had closed for the day. In most other cities, however, pedestrians were forced to share
the streets with horses, coaches and, later, with cars and other motorised vehicles.

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B The modern, traffic-free shopping street was born in Europe in the 1960s, when both city populations
and car ownership increased rapidly. Dirty exhaust fumes from cars and the risks involved in crossing the
road were beginning to make shopping an unpleasant and dangerous experience. Many believed the time
was right for experimenting with car-free streets, and shopping areas seemed the best place to start.

C At first, there was resistance from shopkeepers. They believed that such a move would be bad for
business. They argued that people would avoid streets if they were unable to get to them in their cars.
When the first streets in Europe were closed to traffic, there were even noisy demonstrations, as many
shopkeepers predicted they would lose customers.

D However, research carried out afterwards in several European i cities revealed some unexpected
statistics. In Munich, : Cologne and Hamburg, visitors to shopping areas increased b by 50 percent. On
Copenhagen's main shopping street, shopkeepers reported sales increases of 25-40 percent. Shopkeepers
in Minneapolis, USA, were so impressed when they learnt this that they even offered to pay for the
construction and maintenance costs of their own traffic-free streets.

E With the arrival of the traffic-free shopping street, many shops, especially those selling things like
clothes, food and smaller luxury items, prospered. Unfortunately, it wasn't good news for everyone, as
shops selling furniture and larger electrical appliances actually saw their sales drop. Many of these were
forced to move elsewhere, away from the city centre. Today they are a common feature on the outskirts of
towns and cities, often situated in out-of-town retail zones with their own car parks and other local
facilities.

Task 5: Now match the headings i-vii below with paragraphs A-E in the passage. There are two
headings that you do not need.
Bây giờ hãy nối các tiêu đề i-vii dưới đây với các đoạn A-E trong đoạn văn. Có hai tiêu đề mà bạn không
cần.
List of Headings
i Facing local opposition
ii Some reasons for success
iii Winners and losers
iv A need for change
v An experiment that went wrong
vi An idea from ancient history
vii North America learns from Europe

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LESSON 13

4 Skills: Shopping

I - WARM
UP

COMPLETE THE WORDS AND FIND THEM IN THE WORDSEARCH!

HOÀN THÀNH CÁC TỪ VÀ TÌM CHÚNG TRONG BẢNG CHỮ!

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II - LANGUAGE POINT
2.1. Vocabulary
Từ vựng

Q: Underline these words in the passage. Then Q: Which of the words from the passage are
decide their word type. being defined here?
Gạch chân những từ này trong đoạn văn. Sau đó Những từ nào trong đoạn văn đang được định
quyết định loại từ là gì. nghĩa ở đây?

1. made by hand instead of by machine

Word Type Word Type 2. something that teaches you about something
3. why you do something, or why something exists
classic rejected 4. refused to accept or agree with something
5. complicated and difficult to understand
instructional complex 6. extremely big, or a lot of something
7. someone who tries to cause social
activist persisted 8. to increase in amount over a period of time
9. continued trying to do something in a determined
purpose handmade way
10. popular for a long time and of high quality
accumulate immense

THE STORY OF MONOPOLY

Monopoly is one of the biggest-selling games in the world. It is sold in 80 countries and comes in 26
different languages. But where did this classic board game come from, and why did it become so
popular?

At the beginning of the 20th century, an instructional game called 'The landlord's Game' was first
published by a political activist, Elizabeth Magie, The purpose of the game was to teach people how rich,
powerful individuals take advantage of the poor while they accumulate even more wealth. Unfortunately,
the game was not popular, and she sold very few copies of it.

In 1934, a man called Charles Darrow redesigned it, creating a game of chance. However, when he
presented his game, which he called 'Monopoly' to the games manufacturers Parker Brothers; they
rejected it. They said it was too complex and contained too many flaws.

Darrow persisted and decided to produce the game himself. He created and sold over 5,000 handmade
sets to a local department store. The game had immense public appeal, and was so popular that Darrow
went back to Parker Brothers, who bought the rights to the game.

2.2. Reading - Multiple choice

Kĩ năng Đọc - Dạng bài trắc nghiệm
Q: Read the passage about an invention quickly. Match the names of the people (1-5) with what
they did (a-e).
Đọc đoạn văn về một phát minh một cách nhanh chóng. Nối tên của những người (1-5) với những gì họ
đã làm (a-e).

1. John Loud a) sold the first ballpoint pens in North America.

2. Ladislas Biro b) wanted to make his job easier,
3. Augustine Justo c) achieved international success with his pen.
4. Milton Reynolds d) invented the first pen with a rolling ball.
5. Patrick Frawley e) asked someone to start a business in his country.

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THE BALLPOINT PEN

Most of us have at least one, but how did this popular item evolve?
One morning in 1945, a crowd of 5,000 people jammed the entrance of Gimbels Department Store in
New York. The day before, Gimbels had placed a full-page advertisement in the New York Times for a
wonderful new invention, the ballpoint pen. The advertisement described the pen as
'fantastic' and 'miraculous'. Although they were expensive, $12.50 each, all 10,000 pens in stock were
sold on the first day.

Almost fifty years later, in 1935, a newspaper editor in Hungary thought he spent too much time filling
his pens with ink. He decided to invent a better kind of pen. With the help of his brother, who was a
chemist, he produced a ballpoint pen that didn't leak when the pen wasn't being used. The editor was
called Ladislas Biro, and it was his name that people would associate more than any other with the
ballpoint pen. By chance, Biro met Augustine Justo, the Argentinian president. Justo was so impressed
with Biro's invention that he invited him to set up a factory in Argentina. In 1943, the first Biro pens
were produced.

Unfortunately, they were not popular, since the pen needed to be held in a vertical position for the ink to
come out. Biro redesigned the pen with a better ball, and in 1944 the new product was on sale throughout
Argentina.

It was a North American, Milton Reynolds, who introduced the ballpoint pen to the USA. Copying Biro's
design, he produced the version that sold so well at Gimbels. Another American, Patrick Frawley,
improved the design and in 1950 began producing a pen he called the Papermate. It was an immediate
success, and within a few years, Papermates were selling in their millions around the world.
In fact, this 'new' pen was not new at all. In 1888, John Loud, a leather manufacturer, had invented a pen with a reservoir of ink and a rolling ball. However, his pen was never produced, and efforts by other people to produce a commercially successful one failed too. The main problem was with the ink. If it was too thin, the ink leaked out of the pen. If it was too thick, it didn't come out of the pen at all.

Exercise 1:
Now read each part carefully and choose the 3) Why was Ladislas Biro's pen better than earlier
correct option. A, B, C or D. models?
. Bây giờ hãy đọc kỹ từng phần và chọn phương án A It didn’t need to be filled with ink as often.
đúng. A, B, C hoặc D.
B It was designed by a chemist.
1) People went to Gimbels to buy a ballpoint pen C The ink stayed in the pen until it was needed.
because D It was easier to use.
A they couldn’t get them anywhere else.
B they had been told how good the pens were. 4) Biro’s first commercially-produced pen
C they had never seen a ballpoint pen before. A was produced in a factory owned by the
D they thought the price was good. Argentinian president.
B only worked if used in a certain way.
2) Why were early ballpoint pens not produced C was a major success.
commercially? D went on sale in 1944.
A Nobody wanted to buy one.
B It cost too much to produce them. 5) Patrick Frawley’s pen
C They used too much ink. A was a better version of an earlier model.
D They didn’t work properly. B took time to become successful.
C was the USA’s first commercially successful
ballpoint pen.
D was only successful in the USA.

2.3. Listening - Sentence completion

Kĩ năng nghe - Dạng bài điền từ vào chỗ trống

Look at the sentences in Exercise 2 and decide what type of word (noun, verb or
Exercise 2:
adjective) is missing from each sentence. Then listen and complete Questions 1-6.
Write ONE WORD for each answer.
Nhìn vào các câu trong Bài tập 2 và quyết định loại từ nào (danh từ, động từ hoặc tính từ) bị
thiếu trong mỗi câu. Sau đó Nghe và hoàn thành Câu hỏi 1-6. Viết MỘT TỪ cho mỗi câu trả
lời.

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1. Joe’s low .................. doesn’t allow him to buy many electronic goods.
2. He’s often influenced by his ................... when he buys electronic items.
3. Advertisements featuring somebody .................. sometimes help him decide which product to buy.
4. Joe prefers to get new products from ..................
5. He doesn’t like waiting for a long time after .................. something.
6. He finds it hard to resist buying electronic products if they are new and ..................

Using the transcript below to check your answers. Practice reading the transcript
Exercise 3:
out loud with a partner, note down words that you found hard to pronounce and
ask your teacher to help you correct them.
Sử dụng bảng điểm dưới đây để kiểm tra câu trả lời của bạn. Thực hành đọc to bản
phiên âm với một đối tác, ghi lại những từ mà bạn thấy khó phát âm và nhờ giáo viên
giúp bạn sửa chúng.

Researcher: Hello, Joe, good to see you again. R: For example?

Joe: Hi, you too. J: Well, if it's someone I respect, you know, like a
R: So how did you get on with the devices we asked famous
you to test for us? sportsman or actor, that can certainly make a
J: Oh, fine. Well, mostly. difference. I know it shouldn't really, but it does.
R: OK, well, we'll come back to those in a minute. First R: And where do you buy most of these products? The
of all, I was wondering if I could ask you a few High Street? The Internet?
questions about your attitude to new electrical products. J: Most people seem to avoid shops, these days, don't
This will help us with future marketing. Is that OK? they, for things like that? They think they can get
J: Sure. things cheaper on the Internet.
R: OK. First of all, how much do you spend on R: Right.
electronic items a month? J: But I find that if you say to a shop assistant that you
J: Hmm, let me see. I don't earn a lot, so I don't have can get a new, er, camera for example, for £100 on the
much left after I've paid for things like rent, bills, food Internet, they'll often match the price. So, that's where I
and so on. Anything else is a luxury. So, I'd guess about go.
5%, maybe 10% of my monthly salary. R: Any other advantages?
R: All right, and what influences you in your choice of J: Well, you get personal service and you don't have to
product? Say you wanted a new mobile phone, how wait for the product to be delivered. Ordering online
would you decide which one to buy? means you have to wait, sometimes for ages, to get the
J: Well, first I look at reviews on the Internet, you things you've just bought. I hate that. I guess I'm just
know, what very impatient.
other customers think about them. Then I'll ask my R: OK, one final question. Do you ever see a product
friends what they think. In fact, their opinions are and think I've absolutely got to get one of those'?
probably more important than anything. J: Oh, all the time, especially if I'm walking past a
R: How does advertising help you choose a product? shop and I see a new electronic item in the window,
J: I think that depends on how the product is advertised, especially if it's unusual, you know, something I've
and who is advertising it. never seen before. It takes a lot of willpower...
ram

2.4. Writing - Task 2

Kỹ năng viết - Task 2

Q: Read this Writing task and underline the key ideas.

Đọc đề bài viết này và gạch chân những ý chính.

Most successful inventions do not rely on complicated technology. In

fact, some of the world's greatest inventions have been very simple.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples
from your own knowledge or experience.

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Q: Number paragraphs A-E in the correct order to produce a sample answer to the Writing task.
Đánh số các đoạn từ A-E theo đúng thứ tự để tạo ra câu trả lời mẫu cho phần Viết.
A Many other great inventions are even simpler. A B In conclusion, I believe that a great invention does not
wheel requires parts which move. This means that need to be complicated or technical. It can be something
compared with a paper clip, an elastic band or a sheet of small or simple which has changed or improved our
paper, it is quite complicated. But these smaller items lives in some way. After all, most of us have a mobile
are an essential part of every office. The same can be phone, but it could not cure us if we became ill.
said for pencils, sticky tape, and many other stationery
items. C However, many of the inventions which have changed
our lives have been very simple things. Without the
D When people think of inventions, they often think of wheel, for example, we would not have cars, motorbikes
things which are technically complicated, or which or bicycles. Aeroplanes would not exist, as they would
require electricity in order to work. This is especially not be able to take off or land without wheels.
true in the 21st century, with our obsession for mobile Furthermore, wheels, in one form or another, are an
phones, portable computers, digital cameras and other important part of many smaller machines, like watches
electronic items. and computers.

E Great simple inventions can also be found outside the office, of course. In my opinion, some of the most important
inventions are those which have a medical purpose. Aspirin and syringes, for example, have helped to relieve pain
and prevent or cure disease.

Q: Discuss the following question and draw an outline for your own answer.
Thảo luận câu hỏi sau và lên dàn ý cho bài luận của riêng bạn.

The Internet is probably the most significant invention of the last 30

years. Without it, our lives would be completely different.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples
from your own knowledge or experience.

HOMEWORK

Task 1: Complete the summary. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each
answer.
Hoàn thành phần tóm tắt. Chọn KHÔNG QUÁ HAI TỪ trong đoạn văn cho mỗi câu trả lời.
I t is thanks to Marcel Bich that most people today are able to 1).......................... a ballpoint pen. It was the bad quality
and 2)......................... of the pens which were available at the time that inspired him to design a 3).........................
ballpoint pen that would be both inexpensive and reliable. After getting permission from the Biro brothers to base his
pen on their 4)........................ , he carefully 5)......................... other ballpoints that were sold in the shops, and in 1950,
introduced his own version, the ‘Bic Cristal’. It was popular with the 6)......................... , and Bich became very rich.
His company, Bic, now makes a variety of cheap 7)......................... , such as lighters and razors.

MARCEL BICH
The man who turned a luxury item into an everyday object

Marcel Bich, a French manufacturer of traditional ink pens, was the man who turned the ballpoint pen
into an item that today almost anyone can afford. Bich was appalled at the poor quality of the ballpoint
pens that were available, and was also shocked at their high cost. However, he recognised that the
ballpoint was a firmly established invention, and he decided to design a cheap pen that worked well and
would be commercially successful.

Bich went to the Biro brothers and asked them if he could use the design of their original invention in one
of his own pens. In return, he offered to pay them every time he sold a pen. Then, for two years, Bich

LESSON 13 | PAGE 77
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studied the detailed construction of every ballpoint pen that was being sold, often working with a
microscope.

By 1950, he was ready to introduce his new wonder: a plastic pen with a clear barrel that wrote smoothly,
did not leak and only cost a few cents. He called it the 'Bic Cristal'. The ballpoint pen had finally become
a practical writing instrument. The public liked it immediately, and today it is as common as the pencil.
In Britain, they are still called Biros, and many Bic models also say 'Biro' on the side of the pen, to
remind people of their original inventors.

Bich became extremely wealthy thanks to his invention, which had worldwide appeal. Over the next 60
years his company, Société Bic, opened factories all over the world and expanded its range of
inexpensive products. Today, Bic is as famous for its lighters and razors as it is for its pens, and you can
even buy a Bic mobile phone.

Task 2: Look at Questions 1-4 below. Task 3: Complete these sentences with the
Underline the key words in each question. Then correct form of the words in brackets. Use the
listen to the next part of the interview with Joe. past simple or present perfect.
Choose TWO letters, A-E, for each question. Hoàn thành những câu này với dạng đúng của từ
Nhìn vào Câu hỏi 1-4 bên dưới. Gạch chân các từ trong ngoặc. Sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn hoặc hiện
khóa trong mỗi câu hỏi. Sau đó lắng nghe phần tiếp tại hoàn thành.
theo của cuộc phỏng vấn với Joe. Chọn HAI chữ
cái, A-E, cho mỗi câu hỏi. 1) Petrol prices ........................ (increase) by 20% last
Questions 1-4 year, and so far this year they’ve ........................ (go) up
1) What 2 things did Joe like about the mobile phone? by another 30%.
A. its colour 2) I ........................ (have) a really awful meal last night,
B. its size and I ...................... (feel) ill since I got up this morning.
C. its shape 3) Since websites like Facebook and Twitter (become)
D. its screen popular a few years ago, they ........................ (change)
E. its unique features the way people communicate.
4) I ....................... (have) this camera for three months,
2) What 2 things does Joe usually look for when he and I still ................... (not / learn) using it properly.
buys a mobile phone? 5) Where’s Susan? I ........................ (not / see) her all
A. It should be easy to use. day ..................... (she / phone)?
B. It should look good. 6) Amy ..................... (not / come) to work yesterday,
C. It should be cheap. and she ..................... (not / be) at home when I
D. It should be reliable. ...................... (try) calling her last night.
E. It should have a variety of games and other 7) I think people .................... (become) too dependent
features. on modern technology, and ................. (forget) how to
do many simple tasks.
3) Which 2 problems did Joe have with the radio? 8) .......................... (you / see) Tom this morning? He
A. It didn't sound good. ..................... (borrow) my laptop a couple of days ago
B. It wasn't loud enough. and 1 need it back.
C. It didn't pick up many radio stations.
D. He couldn't find anywhere to put it. Task 4: Complete these sentences with 'for' or
E. The control features didn't work properly. 'since'.
Hoàn thành những câu này với for hoặc since.
4) What 2 things does Joe think would improve the 1) I’ve lived here .................. I was born.
computer? 2) I’ve worked for the same company .................. ages.
A. making it smaller 3) We haven’t seen each other.................... my birthday.
B. reducing the price 4) It hasn’t stopped raining................... I got up today.
C. increasing the memory 5) I’ve needed a new computer................. months.
D. increasing the size of the keyboard 6) Judy has lived abroad................... more than five years.
E. adding more features 7) I’ve been on a diet................... April.
8) He moved to London in 2003, and he’s lived there ever

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LESSON 14

4 Skills: Animal world

I - WARM
UP

Work with your class, try to find all the animals in the shortest amount of time!
Làm việc với cả lớp của bạn, cố gắng tìm tất cả các con vật trong khoảng thời gian ngắn nhất!

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II - LANGUAGE POINT
2.1. Reading - Sentence completion
Kĩ năng Đọc - Dạng bài điền vào chỗ trống

Q: Quickly read the passage on the right and 1. Where do honey badgers live?
answer these questions. 2. What do they look like?
Đọc nhanh đoạn văn bên phải và trả lời những câu 3. Why is ‘honey badger’ not a good name for this
hỏi sau. animal?

Read Questions 1-8 below. Underline the key words and decide what type of
Exercise 1: information you need for each gap. Then fill in the blanks.
Đọc câu hỏi 1-8 dưới đây. Gạch dưới các từ khóa và quyết định loại thông tin bạn cần cho
mỗi khoảng trống. Sau đó điền vào chỗ trống.
1) Although they are not big animals, honey badgers are fearless, ..................... and tough.
2) Honey badgers will attack ..................... if they need to protect themselves.
3) The pattern and colours on the honey badger’s back make it .....................
4) The food they eat is meat-based and. ......................
5) ..................... form the biggest part of a honey badger’s diet.
6) Honey badgers find the creatures they eat by their ......................
7) ..................... are often used to catch honey badgers which attack beehives.
8) For one particular type of food, the honey badger has a ...................... with another creature.

THE HONEY BADGER

It looks harmless and vulnerable. But the honey badger is afraid of nothing... and will attack and eat
almost anything. The honey badger (Melivora capensis), is an African and South-Asian mammal that has
a reputation for being one of the world's most fearless animals, despite its small size. And in spite of its
gentle-sounding name, it is also one of its most aggressive. Honey badgers have been known to attack
lions, buffalo, and snakes three times their size. Even humans are not safe from a honey badger if it
thinks the human will attack or harm it. They are also extremely tough creatures, and can recover quickly
from injuries that would kill most other animals.

At first glance, honey badgers look like the common European badger. They are usually between 75cm
and 1 metre long, although males are about twice the size of females. They are instantly recognisable by
grey and white stripes that extend from the top of the head to the tail. Closer inspection, which is
probably not a wise thing to do, reveals pointed teeth, and sharp front claws which can be four
centimetres in length. 

Honey badgers are meat-eating animals with an extremely varied diet. They mainly eat a range of small
creatures like beetles, lizards and birds, but will also catch larger reptiles like snakes and small
crocodiles. Some mammals, such as foxes, antelope and wild cats also form part of their diet.
The badgers locate their prey mainly using their excellent sense of smell, and catch most of their prey
through digging. During a 24- hour period, they may dig as many as fifty holes, and travel more than 40
kilometres. They are also good climbers, and can easily climb very tall trees to steal eggs from birds'
nests, or catch other tree-dwelling creatures.

As their name suggests, honey badgers have always been associated with honey, although they do not
actually eat it. It is the highly nutritious bee eggs (called 'brood') that they prefer, and they will do
anything to find it. They usually cause a lot of damage to the hive in the process, and for this reason,
humans are one of their main predators. Bee-keepers will often set special traps for honey badgers, to
protect their hives.

One of the most fascinating aspects of the honey badger is its working relationship with a bird called the
greater honeyguide (Indicator indicator). This bird deliberately guides the badger to beehives, then waits
while the badger breaks into the hive and extracts the brood. The two creatures, bird and mammal, then
share the brood between them.

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2.2. Listening - Table completion

Kĩ năng nghe - Dạng bài điền từ vào bảng

You are going to hear a college head teacher giving information to some students
Exercise 2:
about a college event. Before you listen, look at the table. What kind of information do
you need for each gap? Then, listen and complete the table above. Write NO MORE
THAN TWO WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Bạn sắp nghe một hiệu trưởng trường đại học cung cấp thông tin cho một số sinh viên về
một sự kiện ở trường đại học. Trước khi nghe, hãy nhìn vào bảng. Những loại thông tin bạn
cần cho mỗi khoảng cách? Sau đó, lắng nghe và hoàn thành bảng trên. Viết KHÔNG QUÁ
HAI TỪ HOẶC MỘT CON SỐ cho mỗi câu trả lời.

Natural History day: morning events

All events begin at 9.30. You must attend one of these

Name of event Theme or topic Type of event Location

Dogs might fly Animal 1)................. Lecture and 2)................. Room 27

Flowers talk How plants might 3)................. Video presentation 4).................

A world in your 5)................. Local animal and plant life 6)................. Local park

I’m not touching that Snakes and other 7)................. Workshop 8)................. lab

Use the transcript below to check your answer and fill in the blanks.
Exercise 3:
Sử dụng transcript dưới đây để kiểm tra câu trả lời của bạn và điền vào chỗ trống.

Hello, everyone, and welcome to our college Natural The third choice is ideal for those of you who want to get a
History day. You've all got your programme for the bit of fresh air. We've called it 'A world in your
day, but let me just give you a bit of 1)................. about 8)................. which we thought was appropriate as it looks
your options for this morning's sessions, which begin at at the sort of things you can find just by stepping out of
half past nine. Remember, you need to attend one of your front door. Anyway, for those of you interested in
these sessions. getting away from the classroom, Doctor Watkins will be
All right, your first choice is called 'Dogs might fly', taking you on a nature 9)................. through the local park,
which will take place in Room 27. Professor Keenan, and will be telling you about some of the fascinating
who you may 2)................. ran a workshop last year on animals and plants that live and grow nearby. And it's a
how dinosaurs became extinct, will be giving a lecture 10)................. day for a walk!
on the Dof animals. In particular, she'll be looking at The final option, well, you might want to avoid this one if
how they may evolve in the future, and this will be you're frightened of things like 11)................. , as this is a
followed by a group discussion where you'll get a hands-on workshop where you'll actually get a chance to
3)................. ask her questions and offer your own handle these exotic creatures. It won't just be snakes,
thoughts and opinions on this. So, if the evolution of however. 12)................. Tom Howard, I our resident
animals is something you're interested in, head for reptile expert, has brought some other reptiles along for
4).................. you to meet, 13)................. his pet tortoise, Reggie, who is
We all know that animals communicate with each over 100 years old, and a pet lizard he calls Arthur. So, if
other, but what about flowers? Your second choice is a you want to meet Reggie and his other reptile friends, head
video 5)................. called 'Flowers talk'. This considers over to the lab 14)................. at 9.30. I'm sure you'll have
the possibility that plants and flowers do actually a lot of fun. For those of you who don't usually use the
communicate with each other. The video is presented Biology lab, could I remind you that you need to put on
by Patrick Bell, who has just written a book on how one of the white coats by the door before you go in.
6)................. adapt to their natural take place in the OK, now, we've got some students here from Bardwell
lecture room, no sorry, correct that, here in the main College who...[fade]
hall. We've had to 7)................. so it should be very
interesting. That will it because the lecture room is
being renovated.

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2.3. Speaking - Part 1

Kỹ năng nói - Part 1

Q: Analyze the structure of the answer. Practice saying them out loud with a partner. Note down
words that you find dificult to pronounce then ask your teacher to help you correct them.
Phân tích cấu trúc của câu trả lời. Thực hành nói to chúng với một đối tác. Ghi lại những từ mà bạn cảm
thấy khó phát âm và nhờ giáo viên giúp bạn sửa chúng.

1. Do you like animals?

To be honest, I only like friendly animals such as dogs, cats and birds. I consider them friends and keeping them as
pets will help me release my negative emotions.
2. What’s your favourite animal? Why?
Dogs, definitely. I am actually raising two dogs at present. Whenever I head back home from work, they are
waiting to welcome me at the door. Also, they make me feel better when I’m down in the dumps. That’s why I love
dogs.
3. Are people in your country fond of animals?
Actually no. It’s sad to admit but this is the truth. Instead of loving animals, most Vietnamese people enjoy
torturing them and taking photos to show other people or put on Facebook to get satisfaction.
4. What kinds of animals as a pet do the people have in your country?
Just like other countries in the world, we tend to keep dogs and cats as companions. This is because these animals
are tame and live easily with humans.
5. Do you think cities are suitable places for keeping a pet?
I don’t think so. This is because cities are areas of bumper to bumper traffic and heaps of construction, causing
harm to pets’ health, and they are likely to face road accidents or a lack of playing space.
6. Do children in your country like animals?
Yes. Vietnamese children are keen on playing with animals, especially dogs and cats, which are so friendly and
have soft fur. They can hug and stroke these pets.
7. What kind of animals do you think children like?
I think it really depends on their personality. I can’t say for sure. For the most part, children love dogs and cats
since they can play and roam about with them. Some children, however, adore birds because of their beautiful
songs. However, there are some who always enjoy teasing or hurting animals.
8. What was your favourite animal when you were a child?
I was a big fan of dogs. If my memories serve me right, I used to play with a neighbour’s dog called Kiki whenever
my parents got into an argument. That was a way I chose to escape from the uncomfortable situation. For this
reason, I love dogs so much and now I own a dog with the same name.
9. Did you have any pets when you were a child?
Unfortunately, no. My parents didn’t allow me to keep a pet as they were worried that it would bite me.
10. What do you think are the benefits of a child having a pet?
Well, there are a wide range of benefits for children if they have a pet. The most obvious advantage is that they can
learn how to show love to other animals by hugging or stroking them. In addition, they could probably take
responsibility for some household chores by feeding their pet or taking it for a walk.

2.4. Writing - Task 1

Kỹ năng viết - Task 1

Complete these sentences with increased or decreased, and then underline the best
Exercise 4:
preposition in bold to complete the sentences.
Hoàn thành những câu này với increase hoặc decrease, và sau đó gạch chân giới từ tốt nhất
in đậm để hoàn thành các câu. Trong một câu, cả hai giới từ đều đúng.

2009: 17,000 fish caught in the lake.

1) The number of fish caught in the lake ....... from / in 2010.
2010: 15,000 fish caught in the lake.

June: amount of honey produced - 170kg.

2) The amount of honey produced ....... from / in July.
July: amount of honey produced - 190kg.

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2005: 1250 animals on the game reserve

3) The number of animals on the reserve ........ between / from
2006: 1520 animals on the game reserve
2005 and 2007.
2007: 1870 animals on the game reserve

4) Between / From 2004 to 2006, the number of visitors to the 2004: 20,000 visitors to the zoo. Price: £10
zoo ........ 2005: 18,000 visitors to the zoo. Price: £12
5) During / While the same period, admission prices ........ 2006: 16,000 visitors tn the zoo. Price: £15

Look at the Writing Task 1 below, and complete the sentences on page 35. Use the
Exercise 5:
words and phrases in the box to form an opening paragraph. You will need to use one
phrase twice.
Nhìn vào đề Viết task 1 dưới đây, sử dụng các từ và cụm từ trong hộp để tạo thành một đoạn
mở đầu. Bạn sẽ cần phải sử dụng một cụm từ hai lần.

and between during first fishing boats

how many same second swordfish tuna

The 1)................. chart shows 2)................. 3)................. and 4)................. were caught near Westhaven
5)................. 2008 6)................. 2011. The 7)................. chart shows 8)................. 9)................. there were in
Westhaven 10)................. the 11)................. period.

The charts below show information about the number of fish caught and the number of fishing
boats used in Westhaven.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons
where relevant.

ram

Complete the sentences with words from the box to form a concluding paragraph. You
Exercise 6:
will need to use some words more than once.
Nhìn vào đề Viết task 1 dưới đây, sử dụng các từ và cụm từ trong hộp để tạo thành một đoạn
nhận xét tổng quan. Bạn sẽ cần phải sử dụng một cụm từ nhiều lần.
however more number overall tuna swordfish

1)................. , the 2)................. of fishing boats that were used did not affect the 3)................. of 4)................. which
were caught. 5)................. , it did appear to affect the 6)................. of 7)................. . When there were 8).................
9)................. 10)................. were caught.

Now write the main part of the answer in about 70 words. Remember to include
Exercise 7:
information from both charts
Bây giờ hãy viết phần thân bài trong khoảng 70 từ. Hãy nhớ báo cáo thông tin tin từ cả hai
biểu đồ.

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HOMEWORK

Task 1: Countable and uncountable nouns. Are Task 2: Complete these sentences with the
these words used with countable or words in Task 1.
uncountable nouns? Underline the correct Hoàn thành những câu sau với các từ trong Bài
option. tập 1.
Danh từ đếm được và danh từ không đếm được.
Những từ này được sử dụng với danh từ đếm được 1. There were .............. fewer visitors to the zoo this
hay không đếm được? Gạch dưới câu trả lời bạn year than there were last year.
chọn.
2. A large .............. of dolphins and whales are
1 amount: countable / uncountable
accidentally killed by fishermen each year.
2 few: countable / uncountable
3. There are a .............. species of animal which are
3 fewer: countable / uncountable
so fearless they will attack other animals which are
4 less: countable / uncountable
much bigger than them.
5 little: countable / uncountable
4. How .............. research did you do before you
6 many: countable / uncountable
wrote your essay on birds of prey?
7 much: countable / uncountable
5. The project to study wildlife in the region will take
8 number: countable / uncountable
a huge .............. of time to complete.
6. There were so .............. visitors to the wildlife
reserve last year that a decision had to be made to
restrict their numbers.
Task 3: You are going to read more about the
honey badger. Read the passage and choose 7. If you want to get fit, you should eat ..............
TWO letters, A-E for each question. chocolate and get more exercise.
Bạn sẽ đọc thêm về lửng mật. Đọc đoạn văn và 8. Unfortunately, we were given very ..............
chọn HAI chữ cái, A-E cho mỗi câu hỏi. information before our trip to the Kalahari.

ON THE TRAIL OF THE HONEY BADGER

Researchers learn more about this fearless African predator

On a recent field trip to the Kalahari Desert, a team of researchers learnt a lot more about honey badgers.
They were rewarded with a detailed insight into how these fascinating creatures live and hunt. The team
employed a local wildlife expert, Kitso Khama, to help them locate and follow the badgers across the
desert. Their main aim was to study the badgers' movements and behaviour as discreetly as possible,
without frightening them away or causing them to change their natural behaviour. They also planned to
trap a few and study them close up before releasing them. In view of the animal's reputation, this was
something that even Khama was reluctant to do.

'The problem with honey badgers is they are naturally curious animals, especially when they see
something new,' he says. 'That, combined with their unpredictable nature, can be a dangerous mixture. If
they sense you have food, for example, they won't be shy about coming right up to you for something to
eat. They're actually quite sociable creatures around humans, but as soon as they feel they might be in
danger, they can become extremely vicious. Fortunately this is rare, but it does happen.'

The research confirmed many things that were already known. As expected, honey badgers ate any
creatures they could catch and kill. Even poisonous snakes, feared and avoided by most other animals,
were not safe from them. The researchers were surprised, however, by the animal's fondness for local
melons, probably because of their high water content. Previously researchers thought that the animal got
all of its liquid requirements from its prey. The team also learnt that, contrary to previous research
findings, the badgers occasionally formed loose family groups. They were also able to confirm certain
results from previous research, including the fact that female badgers never socialised with each other. 

Following some of the male badgers was a challenge, since they can cover large distances in a short space

LESSON 14 | PAGE 84
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of time. Some hunting territories cover more than 500 square kilometres. Although they seem happy to
share these territories with other males, there are occasional fights over an important food source, and
male badgers can be as aggressive towards each other as they are towards other species. As the badgers
became accustomed to the presence of people, it gave the team the chance to get up close to them without
being the subject of the animals' curiosity - or their sudden aggression. The badgers' eating patterns,
which had been disrupted, returned to normal. It also allowed the team to observe more closely some of
the other creatures that form working associations with the honey badger, as these seemed to adopt the
badgers' relaxed attitude when near humans.

1) Why did the wildlife experts visit the Kalahari desert?

A To find where honey badgers live.
B To observe how honey badgers behave.
C To try to change the way honey badgers behave.
D To temporarily catch some honey badgers.
E Tia find out why honey badgers have such a bad reputation.

2) What two things does Kitso Khama say about honey badgers?
A They show interest in things they are not familiar with.
B It's hard to tell how they will behave.
C They are always looking for food.
D They do not enjoy human company.
E It is common for them to attack people.

3) What two things did the team find out about honey badgers?
A There are some creatures they will not eat.
B They were afraid of poisonous creatures.
C They may get some of the water they need from fruit.
D They do not always live alone.
E Female badgers do not mix with male badgers.

4) According to the passage, which of these two features are typical of male badgers?
A They don't run very quickly.
B They hunt over a very large area.
C They defend their territory from other badgers.
D They sometimes fight each other.
E They are more aggressive than females.

5) What two things happened when the honey badgers got used to humans being around them?
A The badgers lost interest in people.
B The badgers became less aggressive towards other creatures.
C The badgers started eating more.
D Other animals started working with the badgers.
E Other animals near them became more relaxed.

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LESSON 15

4 Skills: Our lives

I - WARM
UP

Work in pairs. The first student throws the die and moves his token ahead the corresponding
number of squares. The student says what this profession does. Then he gives one reason why he
would like to do that job and one reason why he wouldn’t.
Làm việc theo cặp. Học sinh đầu tiên ném con súc sắc và di chuyển mình về phía trước số ô vuông tương
ứng. Học sinh nói những gì nghề nghiệp này làm. Sau đó, đưa ra một lý do tại sao bạn muốn làm công việc
đó và một lý do tại sao bạn không muốn.

Example: A chef cooks in a restaurant. I would like to be a chef because they eat great meals. I wouldn’t
like to be a chef because I would become too fat from tasting all the food.

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II - LANGUAGE POINT

2.1. Reading - Yes / No / Not Given

Kĩ năng Đọc - Dạng bài Yes / No / Not Given

Q: You are going to read a passage about bad habits. Read the title and subheading first. What do
you think the writer is going to say about bad habits?
Bạn sắp đọc một đoạn văn nói về những thói quen xấu. Đọc tiêu đề. Bạn nghĩ nhà văn sẽ nói gì về những
thói quen xấu?
1. Most people have bad habits that they’d like to break.
2. It can be extremely hard to break a bad habit.
3. People pick up most of their bad habits while they are growing up.
4. People are not always aware that they have bad habits.

Exercise 1: Read questions 1-7 below and decide if they are....

Câu hỏi 1-7 bên dưới và quyết định xem chúng có phải là ....
YES: if the statement agrees
with the writer
1) We usually develop bad habits when we are very young.
2) We can only break bad habits if people tell us to do so.
NO: if the statement 3) Bad habits may return when we are under pressure.
contradicts with the writer 4) Researchers were surprised by the answers that the volunteers gave in the first test.
5) The volunteers found the test more difficult when they did it the second time.
NOT GIVEN: impossible to 6) People find it more difficult to remember things they learnt when they were young.
say what the writer thinks 7) If we develop bad habits early in life, they are harder to get rid of.

BREAKING THE HABIT

We all think we can break our bad habits - but they can stay with us for life What is a bad habit? The
most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly, almost without thinking about it, and
which has some sort of negative consequence. This consequence could affect those around us, or it could
affect us personally. Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad habits are part of what
makes us human.

Many early habits, like sucking our thumb, are broken when we are very young. We are either told to
stop doing it by our parents, or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the
same habit, and we gradually grow out of it. It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new
habits in our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem. Unless we can break that habit
early on, it becomes a part of our life, and becomes 'programmed' into our brain.

A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits, it is the
old ways that tend to win, especially in situations where we are rushed, stressed or overworked. Habits
that we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back. During the study programme, the researchers
showed a group of volunteers several pictures, and gave them words to associate with them (for example,
see a picture of tea, and associate it with 'breakfast'). They then showed the volunteers the same pictures
again, and gave them new words to associate with them (see a picture of tea, and say 'afternoon'). 

A few days later, the volunteers were given a test. The researchers showed them the pictures, and told
them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one. It came as no surprise that their
answers were split between the first set of words and the second. Two weeks later, they were given the
same test again. This time, most of them only gave the first set of words. They appeared to have
completely forgotten the second set.

The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time. We may
try to change our ways, but after a while, the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we
learned. The more that response is used, the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to
respond in any other way. The study therefore suggests that over time, our bad habits also become
automatic, learned behaviour. This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life
and now want to change or break them. Even when we try to put new, good intentions into practice,
those previously learned habits remain stronger in more automatic, unconscious forms of memory.

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2.2. Listening - Matching

Kĩ năng nghe - Nối thông tin

You are going to hear a conversation between two friends. Matt and Amy. They are
Exercise 2:
talking about the things that make people happy. What do these experts say makes
people happy? Choose FOUR answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-F,
next to Questions 1-4.
Bạn sẽ nghe một cuộc trò chuyện giữa hai người bạn. Matt và Amy. Họ đang nói về những
điều làm cho mọi người hạnh phúc. Những chuyên gia đã nói điều gì khiến mọi người hạnh
phúc? Chọn BỐN câu trả lời từ hộp và viết chữ cái đúng, A-F, bên cạnh tên chuyên gia.

A having an achievable ambition

1 Richard Tunney B being on holiday
2 Martin Seligman C helping other people
3 George Vaillant D making new friends
4 Melanie Hodgson E planning a trip
F having a social life

Use the transcript below to check your answer and fill in the blanks.
Exercise 3:
Sử dụng transcript dưới đây để kiểm tra câu trả lời của bạn và điền vào chỗ trống.

Amy: Hey, Matt, are you coming out tonight? A: That's interesting.
Matt: I'd love to, Amy, thanks, but I've got too much M: Then there's George Vaillant, a psychiatrist and
work. I need to get this psychology assignment in by professor at Harvard Medical School. He's spent the
Thursday. past 60 years studying people.
A: Oh, what's it on? A: So, I guess he probably knows a bit about them.
M: Happiness, or specifically, the things that make people M: He certainly does. According to him, the thing that
happy. really makes people happy is having something to aim
A: Wow, that's a big area. How are you approaching it? for, you know, a goal in the future.
M: Well, I've been looking on the Internet to see what A: Right, so I can say 'By the time I'm 30, I'm going to
various experts have to say on the subject. be a millionaire.' and that will make me happy.
A: Did you find anything interesting? M: Ah, but Vaillant has a warning here. You need to be
M: Well, yes, I did. realistic. It's no good setting yourself impossible goals,
A: Like? because, well... A: Because you'll only make yourself
M: Like, for example, there's a professor at Nottingham unhappy trying to achieve them.
University, a guy called Richard Tunney, and he suggests M: Exactly.
that the more close friends we have, the happier we are. A: So, does anyone mention anything that people
And if you see these friends regularly, go out with them normally
and so on, well, that's even better. assume brings happiness? Like a healthy bank account,
A: I'd have thought that was fairly obvious. or an expensive house, something more, er, material?
M: I guess so. The next one is a bit more interesting, M: Funnily enough, those things aren't mentioned
though. Martin Seligman, a professor of psychology at an much. Here's another interesting one, though. Melanie
American university, conducted a happiness experiment Hodgson, she's a professor at Westbrook University,
with his students. claims that people are happier when they're getting
A: What did he do? Give everyone huge amounts of cash ready to go on holiday.
and then see how much they smiled? That would help, A: Oh, I love that. Sitting on a beach, relaxing,
wouldn't it? sightseeing..... M: No, not the actual holiday itself,
M: Well, perhaps it would. For a short while, anyway. which professor Hodgson says can sometimes be quite
No, what he did was tell half his students to take part in stressful...
fun activities, like playing video games or going to the A: That's true, they can.
cinema, and the other half to do good things. M: But the things you do leading up to it. Deciding
A: Good things? what you're going to take with you, what you're going
M: You know, like visiting elderly people at a care home, to see and do, packing your case, that kind of thing.
or some other kind of voluntary work. And it was those A: I get it. Yes, I can see how that would work.
students who reported a more lasting feeling of happiness.

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2.3. Writing - Task 2

Kỹ năng viết - Task 2

Q: Read this Writing Task. Put the sentences in the sample answer into their correct order.
Đọc đề viết này. Sắp xếp các câu trong câu trả lời mẫu theo sau nó theo đúng thứ tự của chúng.

Some people believe that our happiness depends on how much money we
have. Others say that 'money cannot buy happiness’. Do you think that
having money is the key to happiness, or are there more important
factors?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from
your own knowledge or experience.

Introduction
a Everybody needs money.
b We also need it to pay for the luxuries that we all enjoy, such as a cinema visit or a meal in a restaurant.
c We spend eight hours a day or more earning it so that we can pay our bills and buy essentials.

First main paragraph

a Is money therefore the key to happiness?
b These include football players, actors and rock stars.
c However, this is not the same as being happy.
d In fact, if you believe the newspaper stories about them, many are often rude and aggressive.
e If they are happy, they do not seem to show it.
f There are many wealthy people in my country.
g It is certainly true that it can buy us comfort and security.
h This is not the sort of behaviour that we associate with happiness

Second main paragraph

a Therefore, if happiness does not depend on money, what factors does it depend on?
b Some people are happy because they have good friends and enjoy an active social life.
c Having money, for me at least, does not make me any more or any less happy.
d Others find happiness by helping others, or by doing a job that they really enjoy.
e Speaking personally, I am happy when doing simple things like listening to music or going for a walk.
f This probably depends on the individual.

Conclusion
a Everybody needs money. In conclusion, I think that there may well be a few cases where someone’s happiness
depends on their wealth.
b As everyone is different, these probably vary from person to person.
c However, this is probably rare.
d For most people, other factors are far more important.

Q: Discuss the following question and write your own answer.

Thảo luận câu hỏi sau và lên dàn ý cho bài luận của riêng bạn.

Some people say that in order to be happy, you must have a job you
love doing. Others say that other factors are more important.
Do you think that people can only be happy if they have a job they
really enjoy?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples
from your own knowledge or experience.

LESSON 15 | PAGE 89
 ODIN | LANGUAGE ACADEMY | PRE-IELTS

HOMEWORK

Task 1: You are going to hear the next part Task 2: Find the words in bold in the passage
of the conversation between Matt and Amy. on the right and match them to the following
Look at the questions below and underline the definitions.
key words. Listen and choose the correct Tìm các từ in đậm trong đoạn văn bên phải và nối
answer. chúng với các định nghĩa sau.
Bạn sẽ nghe phần tiếp theo của cuộc trò chuyện
giữa Matt và Amy. Nhìn vào Câu hỏi dưới đây và 1. to do or make something which behaves or looks like
gạch dưới các từ khóa trong mỗi câu hỏi. Nghe và something real, but which is not real
chọn đưa ra câu trả lời của bạn. 2. the work of treating mental or physical illness without
surgery
What does Amy think about personality tests? Choose
3. using computer images and sounds that make you
TWO things.
think an imagined situation or object is real
A They take too much time to do. 4. to make someone experience something or be
B They are not accurate. affected by it
C They are entertaining. 5. an extreme fear of something
D They are too serious. 6. someone whose job is to treat a particular type of
E They tell you unexpected things. mental or physical illness
What TWO things make Amy happy? Task 3: Read the passage. Complete the
A being with friends summary using the list of words and ' phrases,
A-J, below.
B having time on her own
Đọc đoạn văn. Hoàn thành phần tóm tắt bằng cách
C going out with her family sử dụng danh sách các từ và ' cụm từ, A-J, bên
D spending time outside dưới.
E keeping fit Treating a phobia using VRET
Sara Considine’s programme of treatments lasted for
What TWO things is Matt going to do next? 1)............... months. At first, the sessions did not move
A get more information very 2)............... as she just 3)............... the virtual spider
B go to the library through her headset. It only took i two sessions for her to
C try to find some useful books stop being 4)............... spiders in her dreams. After a
D lake a short break while, she could hold ; the virtual spider in her virtual
E ask someone for help hand, and the next stage involved making physical
5)............... with a toy spider.

A) afraid of C) contact F) quickly I) three

B) amused by D) held G) slowly J) twelve
E) observed H) touch

FIGHTING FEAR USING VIRTUAL REALITY

Computers are not just for entertainment, shopping or research purposes - as one woman found out when
she tried to cure her fears

Most people have at least one thing they are afraid of. A fear of things like snakes, spiders, dogs, heights
or open spaces affects over 90% of the population. In extreme cases, a fear can develop into a phobia,
where the fear of something is so powerful it can affect the way the sufferer lives their life. About 10% of
people suffer from a phobia. Most sufferers never seek treatment, because the most common type of cure
-'exposure therapy' - involves them being exposed to the object of their fear, and this is the last thing
many of them are prepared to do.

There is now a new cure for phobias, using something called virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET).
The concept is simple. The person with the phobia wears a virtual reality headset. A computer, controlled
by a therapist, then simulates a variety of situations in which the sufferer is gradually exposed to the

LESSON 15 | PAGE 90
 ODIN | LANGUAGE ACADEMY | PRE-IELTS

HOMEWORK

object of their fear, which they view on the headset's screen. At the same time, the therapist explains why
they should not be afraid of it. The technique is surprisingly successful, as this case demonstrates.

Sara Considine had a serious spider phobia, and had developed several spider-related behaviour patterns.
Before going to bed, for example, she would check her room for spiders, then seal the windows with tape
so none could get in. She had frightening dreams about spiders every night. Eventually, she decided to
get treatment.

During twelve one-hour virtual reality sessions over a three- month period, Ms Considine started very
slowly. First, she stood a long way from the virtual spider and just looked at it. Slowly, she moved a little
closer. The therapist controlling the computer programme then made the virtual spider move. After just
two sessions, Ms Considine reported that although she still saw spiders in her dreams, they were no
longer frightening, and she had even managed to have an amusing 'conversation' with one of them. A few
sessions later, the therapist encouraged her to hold the virtual spider in her virtual hand, and put it in
places where the presence of a real spider would cause her fear. The next stage was to introduce touch. A
large toy spider was placed next to her. Ms Considine then reached out to touch the virtual spider she
could see on the screen, and at the same time her real hand touched the toy spider.

After her sessions were over, Sara Considine was able to stop her spider-related behaviour. She even took
up camping, something she would never have considered before therapy. More recently she has appeared
on a television nature programme, where for the first time she was able to hold a real spider in her hands.

Congratulations to you, who have finished the Pre-Ielts Course

with Odin Academy. It was a joyful journey for us as your teachers
and your supporters. But now, it’s time for you to move on. Your
journey with the IELTS test has just started. There is a long, hard
and challenging path ahead. Work hard and reach your target.
We wish you all the best and we are looking forward to continuing
this journey with you.

LESSON 15 | PAGE 91
 ODIN | LANGUAGE ACADEMY | PRE-IELTS

Acknowledgements

My thanks go to Odin Academy for commissioning this project and Ms. Dao Phuong Anh for
planting the ideas as well as her guidance.

This book is for internal use only and should not serve any commercial purposes. The
authors and publishers acknowledge the following sources of copyright material and are
grateful for the permissions granted. While every effort has been made, it has not always
been possible to identify the sources of all the material used, or to trace all copyright
holders. If any omissions are brought to our notice, we will be happy to include the
appropriate acknowledgements upon reprinting.

While the majority of the content of the book was written by me, some of our material was
inspired and sourced from the Internet, especially: British Council Learn English Kids
(https://learnenglishkids.britishcouncil.org), vn.Doc.com, and en.islcollective.com. And most
importantly, my final lessons (10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15) were adapted from material from the
book "Complete IELTS band 4-5" by Rawdon Wyatt. His content is truly brilliant and
amazing. I could not have written better material.

Thu Ha

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT