--Java is mostly used to develop business applications

Business Organizations:
-----------------------------
Objectives of any BO, profit.

1. small scale business organizations (grossary shop, petrol pump)

2. large scale business organizations (HDFC bank, Indian railway, SBI,PEPSI,

MASTERCARD)
Enterprises.

These BO provides their services to the client/customer. and to computerized those

services what ever application we develop is known as business application.

Common general things in any business organizations:

1. store and maintain business data in a secure and easily retrival manner.

2.processing that data according to the business rule.

3.presenting the data in user-understandable format.

Data and information:

==================

Data : it is a collection of raw and isolated facts.

Information : when we process the data , then we gets meaningfull results, this is
called infromation.

Datastore:
--------------

it is a store where we can store or keep the data.

1. normal books and papers.

2. flat files in computer system(notepad, excel sheet, word files)

disadv of flat files:

----------------------

1. data maintainace.
2. data redundency.
3. data integrity
4. security
5. data retrival

to overcome these problems we need to store the data inside the DBMS s/w (RBDMS
s/w)
Database: it is a organized collection of interrelated data or structured
collection of data.

DBMS is a type of s/w there we can mange multiple databases.

RDBMS: in this model, the data is stored in 2 dimentaional tables.

--we have multiple RDBMS s/w are there:

Mysql (Oracle)
Orcale s/w
postgres
ms-access
sql-server
db2
etc

RDBMS is an extension of DBMS s/w

Note: every RDBMS is a DBMS but reverse is not true.

--in order to work with RDBMS we need to use SQL (structured query language),it is
an interface by using which we can work with any kind of RDBMS s/w.

--sql is a case insensetive language.

--sql language is a collection of predefined commads

these commands are categorized into following categories:

1.DDL (Data defination language)

(create, alter, drop, truncate, rename)

2. DML (Data manipulation Language)

(insert, update, delete)

3.DRL (Data Retrival language)

(select)

4.TCL (Transaction control language)

(commit, rollback, savepoint)

5. DCL (Decision Control language)

(grant revoke)

>show databases;

>create database sb101db;

after creating the db inside the mysql rdbms s/w we need to move inside that db.

>use sb101db;

>show tables;
>create table student(roll int,name varchar(12),marks int);

or

create table student

(
roll int,
name varchar(12),
marks int
);

>desc student;

>select * from student;

1.DDL (Data defination language)

(create, alter, drop, truncate, rename)
===============================

Datatypes in mysql:
------------------------

1.numeric types

2. string types

3. date and time types

1.numeric types
--------------------

tinyint : 1byte
smallint --2 byte
mediumint - 3byte
int ---4byte
bigint--8byte

floating point:
-----------------

float(6,2) :- the column can store 6 digit with 2 decimal places

2. string type:
----------------

1. char : fixed length of string range bt 0 to 255 char

2.varchar: variable length of string bt 1 to 65500, here we must define the length
e

ex:

char(4)

varchar(4)
value char(4) storage_required

'a' -------> 4 bytes

'ab' -------> 4 bytes

'abcdef' ------> error data is too long

value varchar(4) storage_required

'a' -------> 1 bytes

'ab' -------> 2 bytes

'abcdef' ------> error data is too long

Note: in the term of efficiency , if we r storing string with variable lenght the
we should use varchar, and if the length is always fixed then we should use char,
here char is slightly faster than varchar.

3 date and time:

-------------------

a. date yyyy-mm-dd

b. datetime : yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss

(1.create, 2.alter, 3.drop, truncate, rename)

2.alter: --it is used to change the strcuture of the existing table

--this command has 4 sub commands :

a.add
b. modify
c.drop
d.change

a. add: it is used to add the new cols in the existing table

ex:
> alter table student add address varchar(15);

b.modify : it is used to change the col datatype of col size.

ex:

> alter table student modify address varchar(20);

c. drop : to drop a single or multiple columns

ex:

>alter table student drop column address;

d. change:

--to rename a column

ex:

> alter table student change name sname varchar(12);

3. drop : to drop entire table .

>drop table student;

Note: it can not be rolledback.

4. truncate : this command is used to truncate all the rows/records permanently

from the table
--this command also can not be rolledback.

>truncate table student;

5.rename: it is used to rename table.

ex:

>rename table student to student1;

DML (insert,update,delete)

1.insert:
---------

inserting all columns values:

>insert into student values(10,'ram',780);

inserting partial columns values:

>insert into student(roll,sname) values(10,'amit');

2.update:

--it is used to update the date within a table

ex1: updating all the marks for all the students.

> update student set marks=marks+50;

ex2: updating marks for only one student.

>update student set marks=marks+50 where sname='ram';

>update student set marks=marks+50 where marks > 800;

>update student set sname='mukesh' where roll=30;

3.delete:
-----------
--it is used to delete the records/rows from the table.

>delete from student; // it will delete entire record from the table like
truncate command.

>delete from student where sname = 'amit';

DRL(select)
==========

--this command is used to quering a table.

syntax:

select col1,col2,..
from tablename
where condition
groupby colname
having condition
orderby colname [asc/desc]

ex1:

>select * from student; // all the column and all the rows

ex2: restricting the rows by using where clause.

> select * from student where roll =10;

>select sname from student;

>select sname from student where roll =10;

using order by: to sort the record.

--------------------

> select * from student order by marks desc;

operators:
========

1. Aritmatic operators: (*,/, + , -, %)

Note: mostly aritmatic operator r used after select statement (90%)

and all other type of remaining operators r used in where clause only

2. relational operators (= > < <= >= [!= or <>])

3.logical operator (AND OR NOT)

4.Special operator(IN, LIKE,..)

ex: Arithmatic operator:

> select sname,marks, marks+100 from student;

>select sname,marks, marks+100 Gracemarks from student;

Note: this temparory name of a column we can not use inside where clause.

ex:

> select sname,marks from student where roll != 10;

using distinct:-- getting unique data

------------------

>select distinct marks from student;

special operators:
---------------------

IN .... NOT IN

BETWEEN ----> NOT BETWEEN

IS NULL ----> IS NOT NULL

LIKE ----> NOT LIKE

> select * from student where marks IS NULL;

>select * from student where marks BETWEEN 500 AND 800;

or
>select * from student where marks>=500 AND marks <=800;

LIKE ---> NOT LIKE

--it is used to retrive the data based on charecter pattern

1. % -- it represents string or group of charecters.

2. _ -- it represents a single charecter.

ex:

select * from student where sname LIKE 'r%'; : name should start with r

ex: in name r should be any charecter

>select * from student where sname LIKE '%r%';

//Align