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Defence Studies (77)

Introduction Objectives
India has emerged as a global leader 1) To aquaint the students with the Defence,
and a strong nation at the turn of 21st century. Scope of Defence and Principles of
Education is the key to the task of nation National Defence.
building as well as to provide requisit 2) To inculcate the origin and evolution of
knowledge and skill for sustained growth of Indian Armed Forces, their weapons,
economy and to ensure over all progress. India uniforms and organisations from 1748 to
is a nation of young people, working age 1947.
population. This young population is an 3) To understand the contribution of Indian
invaluable asset of our nation. This population soldiers in various Battles, campaigns and
should be equiped with requisit knowledge and wars under British rule.
skill of defence and security along with the 4) To inculcate the valour of Indian soldiers,
knowledge of social and industrial development through the study of various Battles,
so that they can contribute to the defence and compaigns and the Role played in I & II
development of our nation as well as to defend world war as well as the important role of
International human rights. Indian leaders in Indenisation of Indian
The concept of the discipline “Defence Armed forces during British rule.
Studies” recognises the role of the education of 5) To enable the students to join the National
this discipline in installing the values of Armed forces to defend Nation and human
secularism, respect for democratic traditions right.
and civil liberties and quest for justice . It aims 6) To understand the defence and security
at creating citizens equiped with necessary problems of India .
knowledge, skill and values to built and 7) To understand war, principles of war, Battle
inclusive, just progressive and defensive procedures and the organisation of our
society. The strength of National defence Armed forces.
depends upon the Armedforces, their tradition, 8) To understand the defence intelligence
honesty, morale, uniform, weapons, equipments, procedure, the importance of intelligence
training, logistic support and military leadership. and logistics in varied terrains for war
Following are the objectives of this syllabus. operations.
9) To understand the organisation of Indian
Armed Forces.
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Std. XI Honours and Awards- The Gallant

1) Defence Introduction, and courage shown by Indian soldiers.

Introduction – Meaning and The Winners of Victoria Cross.
Definitions
Army organisation and Committee –

Scope of Defence– Defence of Introducation, King‘s Commission for
Family, Defence of city, Defence of Indians (Royal Military College
nation Sandhurst), Establishment of the
2) A Brief History of Indian Army (1748- Indian Military Acadamy.
1857) 5) The progress of Indiansation and the

The protection of British Factories – Rising of Royal Indian Navy and
Surat,Bombay ( Mumbai),Madras and Royal Indian Airforce.
Culcutta ( Kolkata). Local Guards.
Modernisation of the Armed forces-

Establishment of First Indian Battalian Meaning of Indianisation, Views about
– 1748, Founder of First Indian Indiansation, Progress of
Battalian. Difference between Indaiansation, The raise of Royal
European and Indian Troops. Indian Navy, The raising of Royal

Presidential Armies- Madras Indian Airforce.
Army,Bengal Army, Bombay Army.
The Chatfield committee –

System of Presidential Army – Recommendations of chatfield
Command and Control, Organisation, committee.
Weapons. 6) The Role of Indian Army in Second

Development of presidential Army- World War. (1939 to 1945)
Introduction, Punjab Regiment, Ratio Introduction
of Brititsh and Indian troops,Major Expantion of Indian Army, Emergency
events before the Revolt of 1857. Commission,Honours and Awards For
3) Development of Indian Army Indians, Role of Indian Officers in the
(1857-1914) Royal Air Force.

Revolt of 1857- Background, Military
Role of Indian Troops in the Battles
causes. of Malaya,and Singapoe, Role of

Consequences of Revolt – Changes Indian Troops in Battle of Malaya,
in Indian Army, Organisational Battle of Singapore, Prisoners of War,
Changes, Recruitment policy, Political Rise of Indian National Army,
changes, The Rise of Indian Army, Establishment of South-East Asia
Reorganisation of Army. Command.

Raising of Cavalry and Artillery –
Toranto and Gothic, Line- Role of the
causes. 8th and 10th Infantry Division, Honours
4) The Role of Indian Army in First World and Awards.
War (1914-18)
Burma Operation- Role of 4th,15th,and

Major Events and Achievements of 33 rd corps,Role of Royal Indian
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AirForce, Role of Royal Indian Navy, 4. NCC – (Airwing – NCC-”C”-

Honours and Awards. Certificate 5. Technical branch
7) Tradition of Indian Army and Division 6. Women’s Special Entry 7. Short
of Armed Forces (1947) Service Commission (Male).

Recruitment of Army, NAvy and 2. Soldiers – (A) Army – 1. Army
AirForce – Pattern of Recruitment, Recruitment office 2. Zonel
Basic Recruitment- Technical and Non recruitment office 3. Branch
Technical Recruitment, Importance of recruitment office 4. Direct
litaracy and Education, Qualities of recruitment – JCOs and NCO s .
Indian Soldiers. (B) Navy – i)Naval Recruitment

Composition of Indian Army, Navy Establishment.
and AirForce- Traditions, Cripps ii) Zonal Recruitment Office.
proposal, changes after World War-II, iii) Branch Recruitment Office.
Establishment of National iv) Airman Selection Centre.
Government. (C) Airforce – Centralised Recruitment is

Partition of India - Division of Armed done “The President Central Airman
Forces- Army, Navy, AirForce and Selection Board, New Dehli”.
others. Practical Exam Scheme
8) Avenues in Armed Forces 1. The said Practical examination is
1. Officers –a) Army – Officers entries divided in to two sections-
through- NDA and CDSE a) IMA b) A) Oral Examination.
OTA B) Practical File.
i) Entry in to IMA -(I) Army Cadet A) Oral Exam :- Oral exam will be based
College (ACC). on the theory syllabus of std. XIth.
(II) 10+2 Army Technical Entry. Minimum three questions should be
(III) University Entry Scheme. asked to the candidate. Oral exam
(IV) Technical graduate course. will be of maximum 15 marks.
ii) Entry into OTA B) Practical File :- It will consist the
(I) Technical graduate. following -
(II) Women’s graduate. 1) Map Indicating directions.
(III) NCC – Special Entry. 2) Map indicating location, important
b) Navy – 1. NDA 2. 10+2 Tecnnical from the military point of view.
Entry 3. CDSE 4. Naval Technical 3) Map indicating various training
Branch 5. Naval Armament institutes & recruitment centres.
Inspection Cadre 6. Naval Women’s 4) Entry into Armed Forces – Table
Special Entry 7. Naval NCC (Special Form.
Entry) This section carries 05 marks.
c) Air force :- 1. NDA 2. CDSE 15+5=20 Marks for practical Exam
3. University Entry Scheme
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1) Scheme of marking STD- XII

A) Oral Exam :- Minimum three
questions should be asked to the 1. Principles of National Defence
candidate- Que. No. 1 - 4 Marks - Definition & Scope of National
Que. No. 2 - 5 Marks Defence.-
Que. No. 3 - 6 Marks - Meaning & Determinants of Defence
Total 15 Marks Policy- International Relations,
B) Practical File Economic Development, National
1) Map Indicating Personality & Traits.
directions. - 1 Marks. - Postures of Defence Policy –
2) Map indicating Defensive posture & offensive
locations. - 1 Marks Posture.
3) Map indicating - Defence & Security – Meaning &
training institutes & - 1 Marks Definition.
recruitment centres. 2. Outline of India’s Defence Problems
4) Chart of - Objectives of National Defence -
Recruitment Procedure - 2 Marks Independence & Sovereignty,
Territorial
Total 5 Marks Integrity, National Constitution.
2) Organise practical exam according to time Internal Threats to India’s
table. Separate arrangement for practical Security–
exam should be made. At a time, only 1) Terrorism, 2) Naxalism,
one candidate be called for practical 3) Corruption, 4) Environmental
examination. Candidate should have Imbalance
practical file, it should be signed by India’s Borders
internal examiner and should be returned - Land Borders—Introduction, Northern
to the candidate. Candidate should not be Border –Sectors & Pecularities.
allowed to appear for practical examination - Western Border – LOC & Indo-Pak
without practical file. International Border.
3) Total candidates should be divided into - Eastern border – Internal & External.
batches of 25 candidates in each batch. - Sea Border –Eastern Sea border and
Two batches should be examined by a Western Sea border. Importance of
day. Maximum 05(Five) minits should Territorial Waters.
given to each candidate for this - Air Space – Meaning and Scope.
examination. 3. Prelude to Armed Conflict
4) The syllabus for a year is given in - Introduction - Extent of Armed confict
curriculum. The teacher should complite - Tensions Before Conflict – Nature
the theory & practicals accordingly - Types of Tension – Propaganda
Offensive, Diplomatic Offensive,
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Warlike Economy of force, Co-operation,

Movement - Troop movement, Security, Surprise, Mobility, Morale,
Restraints on Transport & Administration.
Communication, 7. Battle Procedures & Logistics
Control on Resources, Declaration - Battle Procedure -
of Emergency. 1) Appreciation of Situation.
* Declaration of War, 2) Operations of War
* War Mobilisation. 3) Warfare in varied terrains.
4. Acquisition of Defence Information - Logistics – Meaning of Principles.
- Vigilance -Nature of Vigilence. Logistics requirements of Navy and
- Long Term Information-Sources of Air Force.
long term information * Teath and Tail Elements.
- Books, Journals, Newspapers, Radio 8. Warfare in Various Terrain
& Television, Diplomatic Corps, - Warfare in Plains - Characteristics,
Delegations & study Groups, Forces & Armaments and Logistics.
Electronic equipments, Aerial - Warfare in Deserts - Characteristics,
surveillance, Espionage. Forces& Armaments and Logistics.
- Observation & Reconnaissance – - Warfare in High Altitude Areas -
Meaning & Difference, Principles of Characteristics, Forces & Armaments
observation, Principles of and Logistics.
Reconnaissance. - Warfare in Jungles - Characteristics,
5. Intelligence Forces & Arnaments and Logistics.
- Intelligence –Meaning and Scope, 9. Organisation of Indian Armed forces
Divisions and Types, Sources & - Army - Organisation of Army
Agencies of Battle Intelligence. Headquarters and Army Commands.
principles of intelligence. - Navy - Organisation of Naval
- Processing of Intelligence - Collection Headquarters and Naval Commands.
& Collation, Grouping & Evaluation, - Airforce – Organisation of Air
Analysis, Interpretation & Assessment, Headquarters and Air Commands.
Synthesis. 10. Para Military Forces
- Intelligence Requirments of the field - Border Security Force, Central
forces -Army, Navy & Airforce. Reserve Police Force, Rapid Action
6. War & Principles of War Force, Assam Rifles, Coast Guard and
- War - Meaning & Definition, N.C.C.
Conventional War & Total War. - Establishment, Head Quarters, Control
- Principles of War - Selection & by Ministry, Chief Officers, Duties -
Maintenance of the Aim, Offensive (Wartime, Peace Time) - Of each
Action, Concentration of force, Services mentioned above.
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Std-XII : PRACTICAL EXAMINATION commencement of the examination.

Instructions to the Head of Institutions Emphasise the necessity of giving brief
1. Please arrange for notifying the date(s), and correct answers.
time and place for this practical 6. The Head of the Institutions should be
Examination. There should be no doubt informed well in advance for the necessary
about it. arrangements of this practical examination
2. Kindly instruct the subject teacher, to be oral test.
present to supervise the arrangements for 7. Any thing not covered by these
this Practical Examination. instructions is left entirely to discretion of
3. The teacher in the subject will not be with the examiner appointed by the board for
examiner at the time of the test unless he the oral test Preactical Examination.
is appointed by the board as the internal 8. The examiners (Internal and External) must
examiner. sign the record –books of the candidates.
4. All the candidates will be seated in a The candidates should not be examined
room, adjacent to the rooms for the oral without record-books. After the
test. The candidates will be called serially examination, the record-books should be
according to the roll list. returned to the candidates.
5. No candidate should be allowed to leave
the class-room till the test finishes. Std. XII - Practical Exam Scheme
6. Those who have finished the test will not 1. The said Practical exam is divided in two
be allowed to enter the classroom of the sections-
examiness for any reason. A) Oral Exam
Please ensure that all this is carried out carefully. B) Practical File.
Instructions to the Examiners A) Oral Exam :- Oral exam will be based
1. The object is test whether the candidate on the syllabus of std. XII th.
has read the prescribed course carefully. Minimum three questions should
2. As far as possible ask any three (3) be asked to the candidate. Oral exam
questions from ( amongst) list of questions will have maximum 15 marks.
given in the set of question paper for this B) Practical File :- It will have two
Practical Examination. sections-
3. If the candidate fails to understand the I) Plotting Map
question, another question may be asked. II) Collection of applied military
In no case, will he/she be asked more than information. Practical File will have
5 to 6 questions. maximum 05 marks.
4. It is not necessary to allot ten minutes per I) Plotting Map-
candidate, if the candidate, gives correct a) Map Indicating countries on the
answer he/she will take less time. periphery of India.
5. If necessary, give the necessary instruction b) Map indicating various sectors on
to the candidates before the India’s land border.
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II) Collection of applied military Que. No. 1 - 4 Marks

information. Que. No.2 - 5 Marks
To collect information of any two Que. No.3 - 6 Marks
topic from the following. Total 15 Marks
(A) India’s Land border &
passes.(chart) B) Practical File
(B) India’s Sea border & I) Map Plotting - 2 Marks
territorial waters. (Maps) II) Collection of Information - 3 Marks
(C) Weapons used in various (A+B=15+5=20)
terrains. Total 5 Marks
(D) Chart showing details about
organisations of second line 3. Exam should be conducted according to
of defence in India. the time table sent by State board. Separate
2. Scheme of Marking arrangement be made for practical
A) Oral Exam :- Any three questions be examination.
asked to each candidate & marks 4. Internal & External Examiner must sign
should be allotted as- on practical file of each candidate.