19 tundametal Cut-set matvik and keL

orlen ted has been

T
Let tbee be algrabh G for ohieh a speeufic tree
branches and each of th
+the eho Sen yee T OOuld haue N-1)
choSen.hen
one tvee bYaneh and a unigue no.

include only
N- un damental eurl set would

ioks.
For example, for the 3rabb G
M2
let the chosen tyee T be aas

Shouon. Then the ye ave three

fundameda) cut-sets C, 2 ,3

s shoon

Sbb, bs Graph G
C b5
M2 3
g ba, bu, b
The erientati on of a fundame ntal b3

CatSet defcned a outtdards,

orlentation of the b
po
or snavds accord inq to the speeific
tree branch D arcardane wlth the

avhicular S.cutset defined. chosen Tree T

The fandamen tal cut Set matrix

a
(N-1) x B matrix, uwhose
elements 9 are definced as if h branch is
O
mot inelucde in the
Hh S- ut sef
tree branches enks
+1 an branch havt of h
b2 by b b6
f- eutset and haS Same
crd ien ation as that of the
h cut set Cao10
-I
t h e the branch is included
fn ithctset anc has orientatin
the
opbosite to the osleniatm 0 dentity
mat y
ith f-cutse+
 form and leads to
KCL b=0 u
a kc in mattx

N-
node
set of eqMs
neary jodlependent

cheek

O
iB4

KCL at node ni
b-ibs + lb5 =0
kCL at mede m2
tba+ibs +b6 =o
KCL at node n13
tba by -

lbg = 0

20. und amental loops

tree T Theb
Connected graph G, we have ehoocen a speci fte
Suppose hat for a

A fundam enta loop a clssed patha b5

whreh ontal ns anly one nk ,
qrahh b2
2
ts all other elements betog tree
Thus, in ang aroph , there
b ranches.
would he only (B-N) fund amental
lo ops

Example In the avaph G shoun, a2

tree has been idedifced There are three, fundanemal

Containin g (N-1) branches. lcopr
Then 4here aYe thsee fundamental
L ba , by by
to each
cops (one corres ponding
nk. Thus, there Would be L2 =Sbi, by, ba}
CB-N+) fundamental loops. L3= ba, ba, be}

Orientatian of the locps (clockotse o anticlock taise)

oYfentati øm oftAe
de-fined as in accordance with theSpeafc

in as pey which the conceYned . Roop has beenM

defined
21. Fundamental Loop matrlxB;and kVL :

Fundanental loop matrx B u a

B- M+) Bnatuix ohose element

bij s dei ded as pex olloainga
b2 113
b T2
ules

if th branch
bij = +1 the
includ ed in itb loop ond

has the same oxientation

as that of the ith -Yoop

f Ahe
b braneh s included
in ith Joop but has orientatiom Li=bi ba, be
posthe to that of the toncerned
P

f-loop 3=b2,b6, bat

in the
O f th bra nch is not included
h fundamental loop. 2inks
bree branc hes
b2 b3 bs 6

LI

3O-
Tdentity matiix

Yepresents KVL

Vb+Vba + Vby =O

- - Vb2 - Vbi- ba +bs = o

Vba -Vb2 + Vb3 +b6 o

Ns yalds (B-N+) ineatl-independent

made eqn
 +Hhe
Heb.1 he inestence mati ofaConneeded qrahh G gien, d

A -
O
Rroblema For 4he en graph wrie docon A and A choosing node A
as the datum modes.

() Drw oll pos sible trees of this raph

(e) W.Y.t.a paticuar tree fonulale and

35).

b n2

2
Aby b3
b5
m3