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POS - 2 Marks

The document discusses various computer system concepts: 1. The main functional units of a computer are the input, memory, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), output, and control unit. 2. System calls are the only entry points into the kernel and all programs needing resources must use system calls, which include process control, file management, device management, information maintenance, and communication. 3. A thread is a separate execution path that can run concurrently with other threads within a single program, sharing the same memory and resources.

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Valmeti Karuna sri
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22 views

POS - 2 Marks

The document discusses various computer system concepts: 1. The main functional units of a computer are the input, memory, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), output, and control unit. 2. System calls are the only entry points into the kernel and all programs needing resources must use system calls, which include process control, file management, device management, information maintenance, and communication. 3. A thread is a separate execution path that can run concurrently with other threads within a single program, sharing the same memory and resources.

Uploaded by

Valmeti Karuna sri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1 a). What are functional units of computer system?

Ans. The main functional units of a computer are :

A computer consists of five functionally independent main parts input,


memory, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), output and control unit.
b). Define System Call? List types of System calls provided by an operating
system?
Ans). System calls are the only entry points into the kernel system. All programs
needing resources must use system calls. There are five main types of system calls
i). Process Control.
ii). File Management.
iii).Device Management.
iv).Information Maintenance.
v). Communication.

C). What is a thread?


Ans). Thread is a separate execution path. It is a lightweight process that the
operating system can schedule and run concurrently with other threads. The
operating system creates and manages threads, and they share the same
memory and resources as the program that created them. This enables multiple
threads to collaborate and work efficiently within a single program.
d). What is preemptive and no preemptive scheduling?
Ans). In preemptive scheduling, the CPU is allocated to the processes for a limited time
whereas, in Non-preemptive scheduling, the CPU is allocated to the process till it
terminates or switches to the waiting state.

e). Define deadlock.

Ans). Deadlock is a situation where a set of processes are blocked


because each process is holding a resource and waiting for another
resource acquired by some other process.
f). What is a semaphore?

Ans). Semaphores are just normal variables used to coordinate the


activities of multiple processes in a computer system. They are used to
enforce mutual exclusion, avoid race conditions and implement
synchronization between processes.
g).Define Thrashing?
Ans). when the system spends most of its time shuttling pages between the
main memory and the secondary memory due to frequent page faults. This
behavior is known as thrashing.
h). What is virtual memory?
Ans). Virtual memory is a memory management technique where
secondary memory can be used as if it were a part of the main
memory.
i). What is the concept of file system structure?

Ans). The file system structure refers to how the files and directories
are organized and stored on the physical storage device.
j). What are the major functions of IO system?

Ans). Input/Output Modules, or I/O Modules, manage the


communication between a CPU and a network, including the transfer
of data, the management of power loads, and the control of machine
functions.

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