1.

Give example of measurement system for vibration diagnostic of

machine. Draw example signal in time and frequency domain.

2. Draw and describe elements of measuring chain for thermocouple.

Describe construction and give equation for thermocouple.

3. What is the IEEE-1451.4 standard? What is TEDS and NCAP? Draw the
Class II MMI interface.

4. Draw scheme and explain (give the characteristics with comments

in some important points) the operation of dual slope ADC. Explain
its immunity to noise. ✔

5. Give definition, scheme (input/output…) and important

metrological properties of sensor.

6. Describe the HART protocol (how digital information is

transmitted through the analog line). Draw the measuring chain for
temperature transducer with HART protocol. ✔

7. Draw and describe properties of ¼, ½ and full bridge for strain

gauges.

8. Propose the method of strain measurement for given object. Draw

measuring scheme. ✔

9. Explain what is ASIC and FPGA; give some application area.

10. Explain, using the spectral emissive power characteristic, the

problem connected with emissivity of object surface. What is the
basic sensor (draw scheme and describe) used in full band
pyrometers.

11. Draw as a block diagram and explain the elements of analog input
of multifunctional DAQ device. What is the relation between sampling
frequency and acquired signal frequency? ✔

12. Draw the basic circuits (3) for temperature measurement with
Pt100 sensor. Describe pros and cons of the circuits.

13. What are the most common standardized output signals from
measuring transducers utilized in industrial applications? Describe
the basics of HART communication.

14. Draw 2, 3 and 4 wiring method for Pt100 resistance measurement.

Which is better and why? ✔
15. Draw 6 wiring method for strain gauge measurement. Explain why
this method is better than 4 wiring.

16. Draw the scheme and describe the operation of successive

approximation ADC.

17. For a given measurement of electrical quantity (V, I, R, …) and

given class of the meter, calculate maximum error of measurement.

18. Draw as the block diagram the methods of frequency and period
measurement.

19. Draw the scheme of PXI system. Describe the main difference
between PXI system and PC.

20. Draw the hardware architecture of RIO (Reconfigurable Input

Output) system, eg. CompactRIO.
 Set 1 Damian:
1.Draw input output DSAD integrator for given measured voltage (0,75 V), explain immunity
to noise
4. Draw scheme and explain (give the characteristics with comments
in some important points) the operation of dual slope ADC. Explain
its immunity to noise.

𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 10000
𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 = 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞. 𝑔𝑒𝑛.
= 500𝑘𝐻𝑧
= 20𝑚𝑠
The immunity to noise is due to the fact that the time of integration of measured
1
voltage is equal to 50
s which gives the frequency of 50Hz, so is the frequency of
electricity in the grid. Because of that the DSAD is synchronized with measured voltage as
long as its frequency is divisible by 50.
2. Draw block diagram of input of DAQ multiboard and describe its elements
11. Draw as a block diagram and explain the elements of analog input
of multifunctional DAQ device.

Draw as a block diagram and explain the elements of analog input of multifunctional DAQ
device.
3.Draw thermocouple diagram and characterize its elements

a) measuring junction- This is the place where our two dissimilar metals connect to
each other
b) Connection heads- are used to connect temperature sensors and extension wires.
They protect the connection and allow access to the terminal block
c) reference junction- One of the two junctions in a thermocouple system. The one held
at a constant or stable temperature to serve as a reference for measuring the
junction
d) instrument - In a thermocouple type instrument, the electrical current to be measured
is passed through a heater element
Draw and describe elements of measuring chain for thermocouple. Describe construction
and give an equation for the thermocouple.

4.Absolute, relative and max error for voltmeter of given class and range (Vmeasured=1,9V;
Vtrue=2V; class = 2%; range = 10V)
 a) absolute error
Remember: absolute error ≠ absolute value of error
∆𝑥 = 𝑥𝑚 − 𝑥𝑟𝑒𝑓 ± 𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑦
where: 𝑥𝑚- measured value
𝑥𝑟𝑒𝑓- reference value
b) maximum absolute error
𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠•𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒
∆𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 100

c) relative error
∆𝑥
δ = 𝑥𝑟𝑒𝑓
• 100%
where: ∆𝑥-absolute error
𝑥𝑟𝑒𝑓- reference value

For a given measurement of electrical quantity (V, I, R, …) and given class of the meter,
calculate maximum error of measurement.

5.Propose method of measuring strain using half bridge, draw circuit, draw strain gauges,
write the resistance equation

Propose the method of strain measurement for a given object. Draw measuring scheme.
Vi = Dominik
1. Propose the measuring chain for TC.

2. What is the Successive Approximation ADC? Draw the scheme.

A successive-approximation ADC is a type of analog-to-digital converter that converts a
continuous analog waveform into a discrete digital representation using a binary search
through all possible quantization levels before finally converging upon a digital output for
each conversion.

3. What is the HART protocol? Draw the point to point (było napisane pear to pear dalej XD)
and multidrop configuration. Smart transducer (as example the differential pressure
transmitter/transducer).
HART (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer) Communication Protocol - hybrid
analog+digital industrial automation open protocol that allows two way communication of
additional information (in addition to the normal process variables) between intelligent field
devices. The HART protocol uses FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) to overlay digital
communication signals to the analog 4-20 mA signal from the transducer. This way, both
signals (analog and digital) live together without interfering with one another.

Smart transducer is an analog or digital

transducer or actuator combined with a
processing unit and a communication
interface.
4. Calculate the change in resistance given the strain gauge factor, nominal resistance and
strain value.
For a given initial resistance of 120 Ohm and a gauge factor of 2.0 determine the change in
resistance if the current strain is equal to 1000 microstrain (με) , i 1000 micro to 1 mili strain.

WOW WOW Po prostu mnożymy 120 * 2 * 0.001 i wychodzi nam 240 mOhm WOW WOW
5. What are the two main methods of temperature sensor calibration? List the pros and cons
for each one.
—---------------------------------------------under construction------------------------------------------------
Liwia:
1. Strain- Jak go położyć, ¼ bridge

2. To co z proporcji trzeba było 4mA-20mA, 0°C- 1000°C a my musieliśmy obliczyć dla

500°C

◦
4 − 20 𝑚𝐴 => 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 −−−> 𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 16 𝑚𝐴 = 1000 𝐶
◦ ◦
0 − 1000 𝐶 𝑥 = 500 𝐶

3. DSAD- to z wykresem NA SAMEJ GÓRZE

4. Pt100- 2,3 i 4 wires NA SAMYM DOLE

5. To takie dzikie z 50ppm. Nie za bardzo rozumiałam to pytanie

Tomek

1. Level meter + transducer. Level range 0-10m, transducer 4-20mA. Jaki current dla
2m. Proporcje.

◦
4 − 20 𝑚𝐴 => 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 −−−> 𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 16 𝑚𝐴 = 1000 𝐶
◦ ◦
0 − 1000 𝐶 𝑥 = 500 𝐶

2. Aliasing. Był wykres, wytłumaczyć co to, zależność między sampling frequency a

signal frequency.
 3. Voltmeter. Reference voltage 1V, measured voltage 0.9V. Absolute error, relative
error. Voltemer class 0.5% Policzyć maksymalny error z tego wzoru gdzie jest class.

absolute error
Remember: absolute error ≠ absolute value of error
∆𝑥 = 𝑥𝑚 − 𝑥𝑟𝑒𝑓 ± 𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑦
where: 𝑥𝑚- measured value
𝑥𝑟𝑒𝑓- reference value
maximum absolute error
𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠•𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒
∆𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 100

relative error
∆𝑥
δ = 𝑥𝑟𝑒𝑓
• 100%
where: ∆𝑥-absolute error
𝑥𝑟𝑒𝑓- reference value

4. Tank. To samo co wszyscy

5. Pt100, narysować 2, 3 4 wirings
(to bez podpisu to 3-wire)