Wireless Networks for Traffic Light Control

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Author Note
 Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................3

Literature Review:......................................................................................................................4

Analysis......................................................................................................................................7

Conclusion................................................................................................................................10

Reference:................................................................................................................................11
Introduction

Traffic lights developed in 1912 which are signalling devices that has been conceived in
order to control the traffic flows at some of the road intersection pedestrian Crossings as well
as in rail trains.  all the traffic lights have three Universal colour light green that allows the
movement of traffic, yellow that wants the vehicle to prepare for a shortstop and this that in
order to prevent the movement of the traffic. However at the present time many countries are
suffering from traffic congestion that has become a severe issue that affects the system of
transportation in many cities that has caused a serious dilemma.  These kinds of traffic lights
are used by replacing traffic officers as well as flagmen by automatic traffic systems.  with
proper optimisation of heavy traffic jam is still a major issue in most of the cities especially
the roads that have multiple junction nodes.  It has been seen that there has been a huge
increase among the number of automobiles in the road as well as it is consistently rising and
the number of road users were not accompanied with promoted infrastructure as well as
sufficient resources.  In this section there will be a discussion on the wireless Networks for
traffic light control and how it can help the urban and aerotropolis routes.
Literature Review:

According to Cunha et al., (2016), with the design of intelligent traffic control systems has
one of the hottest topics in the research field.  The researchers Around The World are trying
to invent new approaches as well as several innovative systems in order to overcome the
stressful issue.  most of the models were based on mathematical equations that can be applied
in order to estimate the waiting time of a particular ka at a particular junction and the number
of waiting in the queue, the extension associated with the waiting cars along the lane as well
as the optimal timing slots for the three Universal lights in the traffic post. In fact mutual
dependencies associated with the nearby intersections can lead to a complicated formulation
with cumbersome parameters. There are many researchers who have used different
disciplines in collaborating for the exploration of feasible solutions that can help in order to
reduce traffic congestion in the urban cities.  various methodologies are constantly proposed
in the literature as well as several techniques has been implemented profiting from the
technology advances using microcomputers wireless sensors as well as innovative algorithm
modelling have made it possible in order to reduce the complications related to traffic lights.
It has been seen that many researchers have proposed the use of IR sensors in the traffic
system. It will have an IR transmitter as well as IR receiver which will be mounted on either
side of the road.  Whenever any car passes on the road between these IR sensors this system
will get activated and the ka counter will be incriminated.  All this collected information
related to the density of traffic in a particular junction of the road will be analysed and
modified dynamically that will allow the traffic signal to get really the green light at the line
which is having a significant traffic volume. 

According to Rida et al., (2018), The main principle associated of the street traffic the
executives issue at a crossing point is to realize how to respond continuously to the traffic
change at the convergence paths, so as to improve the control effectiveness of the traffic
signal, decreasing the hanging tight an ideal opportunity for the green light and keeping away
from gridlock at the convergence. Realizing the traffic is a basic component continuously for
the activity of the street organization and specifically to take care of traffic the executives
help frameworks at the convergence (base station). To do this, we utilize an organization of
remote sensors where the part of every sensor is to gather a bunch of information in its
current circumstance and communicate it to a base station, which is liable for traffic the
board. It is required to optimise the control signalization in the isolated intersection which is
very much significant excess related to the research in the intelligent Transportation system. 
with better contribution equal focuses on two important criteria one is to maximize the floor
crossing the intersection during the time of Greenland as well as to minimise the waiting time
of the vehicles by exploiting the data that has been collected with the help of wireless
sensors.  in a particular method that was based on the Fuzzy Logic has been employed and
with the help of this method the researcher is able to define the green light time based on the
number of vehicles that were waiting on that intersection.  For example, if an intermediate
flow associated with the number of vehicles arrived were between five minutes and ten
minutes then it will allow 20 seconds for the green light. 

The research work also considered one of the popular associated with the two sensors in a
particular Lane that was separated by variable distances which will depend on the maximum
green time.  The researcher in the same paper has presented one of the adaptive controllers
that can help to specify the phases as well as their order in every circle.  This will provide a
proper management of the emergency vehicles run on that intersection.

According to Casas (2017), at the present time, traffic signals either have fixed projects or are
activated. Fixed programs (likewise it is referred to as pretimed control) are those where the
timings of the traffic signals are fixed, that is, the successions of red, yellow and green stages
have fixed term. Activated traffic signals change their stage to green or red relying upon
traffic finders that are situated close to the crossing point; thus, impelled traffic signals are
dynamic and adjust to the traffic conditions somewhat; notwithstanding, they just consider
the conditions nearby to the convergence. These likewise prompts dis-coordination with the
traffic signal patterns of other close by convergences and thus are not utilized in thick
metropolitan regions. Neither it is pretimed nor activated traffic signals, consider the current
traffic stream conditions at the city level. By and by, urban communities have enormous
vehicle identifier foundations that feed traffic volume determining instruments used to
foresee blockage circumstances. Such data is typically just used to apply exemplary traffic to
the executive's activities like sending cops to redirect part of the traffic.

In order to evaluate the performance associated with this model it is  required to make sure
that the utilisation of a traffic simulation. In Australia it will be based on the traffic
simulation will be the network that is the representation associated with the road and
intersection where any vehicles are to move. These sensors will be connected to some road
and there will be a centroids which will act as a source of vehicles.  The amount of vehicles
that will generate by centroids  is Expressed in the traffic demand Matrix or in the origin
destination metrics that will contain one cell for each of the origin as well as destination
centroids. In order to implement properly it is required to assess the applicability of the
proposed approach in the real world setup therefore it would require to be needed to provide a
wide range of degree of variation in the condition of simulation that will provide some
changes in the traffic demand to having a road incidents in a particular  simulation.
Analysis

By understanding wireless-traffic light controller at Australia, it is essential to accomplish

 Reduce overall waiting time

 Maximum probable service time

 Minimize delay

 Maximize respective network capacity

 Reduce all potential complications

Figure: Remote Control wireless-traffic controllers

By synchronizing traffic lights elements are appropriately placed at similar direction and also
reduce network complications in the reliable manner at Australia. It also focuses offer Green
Signal which will be appropriately supervised through decentralized control and that would
be effectual for traffic signals by regulating networks. It is essential to design the signal
control process by initiating intersection control. It also implements intersection control for
traffic control reasons without considering signalized intersections. By interchange
intersection control, it offers traffic flow by understanding wireless signals through area-wide
process control (Nellore & Hancke, 2016). It also controls massive occupancy vehicles
through proper manner and also control strategies would easily prioritized transit vehicles.
The respective controller regarding traffic light has been focused over wireless Technology
and the maintenance could be reduced through proper initiatives by Australian government.
In addition, the entire system has surrounded through automatic, Programmable alongside
time based. It should be controlled through custom design by understanding diverse traffic
sequences. It also demonstrates consumer necessity by understanding traffic conditions
which could easily supervised through master controller alongside controller units. The
respective light patterns also followed by output points by understanding free contactor which
is appropriately dependent upon light glows. By executing such program, it also relates and
implements traffic sequence by understanding flashlight timing in the probable manner. It
also controlled appropriately airport traffic and pedestrians at office alongside Apartment
campus. The respective master control also regulate particular junction by understanding for
implementing radio commands and slave controller could easily switch all particular
sequence in a careful manner. In addition, it is probable to execute flashing time program
since night to morning and proper installation should be accomplished through standard
models. Respective wireless network has been effectual at airport from the ATC Tower. It
could easily control all pedestrian movement during Road crossing in the prospective way
(Ghazal et al., 2016). This technology also relates offer communication factor by receiving
and transmitting devices. However, each controller could easily operate at-least 3 to 6 lights.

Figure: Traffic Signal depends upon wireless technique

The respective alarm system has also placed via wireless network process and manual
switching is also built for possible emergencies. Moreover, remote control utilizes to conquer
the respective command from particular operate officer and that would be manually recorded
through automatic modes (Fernández-Ares et al., 2016). During possible patterns, wireless
network should easily controlled by implementing remote control process and direction
should accordingly given via hall-effect sensor. It also assists government to transform and
comfort desired Junction by implementing turn light. By understanding natural mode, user
can easily operate all Systems by understanding proper guidelines and they could
appropriately control all Towers rather than system. By understanding closed-network
control, it should easily co-ordinates signalized intersection by understanding and monitoring
Metropolitan area at Australia which is referred as the total system. Moreover, particular user
can appropriately control all lights from the distant location through utilizing remote
controlling-transmitter. The massive range regarding communication has based upon
transmitting factors where controlling units are appropriately involved through parking
mechanism. In addition, these are even based upon emergency button which relates to
particular road and proper features could easily and able to traffic constable by allowing
emergency vehicles movement. All respective timing parameters should be pre-programmed
through switching all lights in the vital manner by implementing wireless Technology.
Receiving all commons can appropriately supervise through light switches by the particular
sequence (Stamatakis, Pappas & Traganitis, 2018). Real-time clock has also in-built
appropriately and supervised through proper programming. It also comprises by unit LCD.
Conclusion

After analysis overall discussion and literature review, it is appropriately justify that traffic
control process has successfully programmed by implementing wireless technique at
Australia. Moreover, automatic and manual models are also illustrated and demonstrated to
transform pattern where remote control has appropriately supervised. The major control has
definitely transferred the command towards specific Tower. This is how; Wireless
networking should easily offers full control by managing traffic problem.
Reference:

Cunha, J., Batista, N., Cardeira, C., & Melicio, R. (2020). Wireless Networks for Traffic
Light Control on Urban and Aerotropolis Roads. Journal of Sensor and Actuator
Networks, 9(2), 26.

Casas, N. (2017). Deep deterministic policy gradient for urban traffic light control. arXiv
preprint arXiv:1703.09035.

Tettamanti, T. (2019). Wireless Traffic Signal Controller with Distributed Control System
Architecture. Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering, 63(3), 918-925.

Nellore, K., & Hancke, G. P. (2016). A survey on urban traffic management system using
wireless sensor networks. Sensors, 16(2), 157.

Stamatakis, G., Pappas, N., & Traganitis, A. (2018). Optimal policies for status update
generation in a wireless system with heterogeneous traffic. arXiv preprint
arXiv:1810.03201.

Fernández-Ares, A., Arenas, M. G., Mora, A. M., Castillo, P. A., & Merelo, J. J. (2016,
June). Comparing wireless traffic tracking with regular traffic control systems for the
detection of congestions in streets. In International Conference on Smart Cities (pp.
42-51). Springer, Cham.

Ghazal, B., ElKhatib, K., Chahine, K., & Kherfan, M. (2016, April). Smart traffic light
control system. In 2016 third international conference on electrical, electronics,
computer engineering and their applications (EECEA) (pp. 140-145). IEEE.

Ghazal, B., ElKhatib, K., Chahine, K., & Kherfan, M. (2016, April). Smart traffic light
control system. In 2016 third international conference on electrical, electronics,
computer engineering and their applications (EECEA) (pp. 140-145). IEEE.

Rida, N., Ouadoud, M., Hasbi, A., & Chebli, S. (2018, October). Adaptive traffic light
control system using wireless sensors networks. In 2018 IEEE 5th International
Congress on Information Science and Technology (CiSt) (pp. 552-556). IEEE.