What we covured in Electronics - fs D> Abstrack — From _—Semi-Condu chan — Physics > Diodes > 63T and BgT D> mos Device — Physics D Single stage MOS Amplifiog ¥ Common Source Stage + CS Stage with diode y Source Follower * Common Wake Stage Amplifivn with wogtve food Gnnectd fead , Soure deyencralion abso What We will study Hue '- > Operational — Amplifion Basics > Advanced — Cincwit Topodagies X Cascode Stuuctune # Caren = Miss 034 + Giffountial cut > Speed Limitation + fiequency PD Feedback Cincwits HO POE+2 Signid to ome Non = nvurtiny — Arttifioe = gin Mentos. tend Unit-41 $ Operational Amplifier Gasics > Was inverded fo povfenm — mathe mabical operations (stevibeally ditounkal Sanele Ao in Shy expemicn ces var‘owy force modelled in differen hol equation. To vwlale the eatin erakonal feelibex wioy ured. TE Salve avilhmelie ord caladiy orerakion owelicn towed 0) optralional. Arrvliien DH we can visualize a Gmtler dramnitox ciewt a eh Amy thin analy) Becomg Casi trom — Basie of op: Aime 4. (in - vie) Ao = Vou! Nod Vn = Vout Rit {we asain 4 ined ke ep-fing tuning = 0 , Baur {very yh oak Moidhnn of ef-Are a fae Ra vu] fe = Vout BR, ry) easily Vou! 4E OP-Amp Basics !- =* aay ~a 5 AoNin = Vout [' + ay Whore Ry is open Loop a . sa GY a, 5 = Ao Id Ving = Seme vol ; i ee 4 Re Ao Ving = 0 Wing wy Athy aaa ane 10 Vig = Tah ory ik i) alle] Non -iovenbing tevminal i 0) if op-Amp Tdech tn roe F Be ahio. Serre ig =® 0d Ving = Some value . ‘ Aelceriteaa tue cheng 2 the, Vow =~ nyo f Ioverliny lexninal J aly & mankind 2 because 1, have alment seme ow Teal Op- Amp vad [(Mestorn Inlepraled 9°- Arve en too bain(h) co 400, 0°. Se-40 Hluclue bon y vere a0 fw: Find bain of — buvin lrolegy ! baiven “oey wy Tne Tp. oo Seerad Ma Severah on 5 Ceesed od Tdet Op- in Oulpud Tmpedince — 9 < toon Sever ka - Vou > positive tovoinal i Mdbech Seed (Banduith) 45 ontty Several try ith Vow ofter M0. “oo 4 Poconos of Op-Amp ;- (oat uid ep fey) Sy tee oho ANP TF 2, toh 2 or aanan on Mean Bul acluak ily nuove Feedback became — mos inverts Vout Gxt o <#$l 10S ne fomman souice stage" whch — anu = Vad cee ted oudpud = Voc aed rg Ang 4 ney Fedbach thon Vu = Vin Joy Vou feawe of 1 ad Virkwh ound i * s “mR Vouk Ay») Yor = ae n “Inks x _ aA Tovoting —Amplifioe | fe Bove oF Op-Anp ft (@- Ve) x Ro = Vow Mn Ry? i 72 Vn = aw ee FLY wah Tend Torcdance of arbor Torah fod, iy = Vin “Vou Wee Bea a ot Newlpy = Tash oe 2 R fod iy = Vig = Nout ee % 2 Vow frat 4a) 2 Vin ee eh Oe ae Wy > Vor - +e vere mkt é%) Via FRR, Cf) Av =) -1 ey Ree a fo R Ain if fo = OM BE >>> _ RAR Hen Ay = # Tategraton :- Tovorhny Con fguralein koa? Ay = i Es efit has <2 Pole rot a ouuyre mC ae Te Ao iy Ory hugh © Ave _-! go ik i Takezraten, toy BGs Si ton domain exbrenions fo, Vo y= Vin = Vig zm #2 fin lt ra Tae Mout « Dh mw leading lect m0. Side note oT diy nel woth in tat 9 > Gd ti, igreen & all Differentiaton ar) Meu 2 (THeak. of fos) Lo brecuse of Offa). 00 Vin = > “Gs rragnilade aod rlol (ey. Rareme) of Tiberaber 2 dilenen halon: Te "nl L 9h magn od igh Fequener ih Fey te cod diterndiakn seb hs, dilleree haber To west FS Wen 2 Roomy hich we want be seckif ude tulow Foor ard dtd will never sibuai.kion to tr aeddify oye Mee of sed fir ~ uje Prcitionwhen Vin pot, and Veal = Wa voltage a Of-Arp — oulpab hin Vin <0", ho dhode yeh off 9° awically if Tasso te Biot Voy 0 Je. Yn Ta atrat zero send vellon (0+) , Becauye of yh fo , Oiode gels IAs Vom, became off Hith A, HE Logosuithmic Amplifier '- te = Via ey vy Veg = Vouk The tramihan Curren 5 given by Vou Tye Lele 2 Be And Te iy nokin Wd 80 ov ea Henk % > Vou = iy a Se Th Vin <0; tn can rot fe nese value. @ Te -we, Wet pombe fox BUT 50° cules of Tramishn not — dened, if age we pap ramvishw then: b= -Vi8 , a iz qetey Veg = Vous i eee zi e a ae Haw Vig cannot be Post due Vou = Verda (ae ON, inks ay At Op-Ame Tmpurtections 1- (Nen- Sdealitie) D x Finite Wain * OG offadls Ts * Input Bion Cannes * Finite Seed — po OC oftsels ' surely solos: Op- Ame i, made of — Transistor. The awe Vario gymndnite 7 Vin Of Arp such 0 Nes <— offid voltae Surply vale Studion jn 4, 8 Shedd be portelly wtkbed bid due ve mnatochevey let ih met Be some so here iy ofbad. > Vos is random in 950 PH an be FI in seg wih Ghee ined on’ Amnpli fn = jabs (vine Vos) (34 Vid's (vi vs)( 2) A EF Fect OF OF Fset Paes "E) z (10 Suror-pesibon) Alig the earen Teal odin cot worked in Jat. fy a pemnd — dieblr Vin =0, > Oe Lae mn 2 Vow = Vos + ae tslur Bd if we cheoye R= R, How abo in Med contd, a9uning Jhen Be jo Ta effect 2 Tay will be rt sdsoble Soludion, ditfoune Cn seburdle > hep in paral with C, will be D> Vos is inkegraled fy Capacitor and with Hime dr Scud — tp Surely —voRase of Or Are. be Vin ® not intgtled — and intgrater -fils W Fix the Cinealt Fox a mud disable Vin and He feck of Vos Vig WW > H Wwso! 1s, > Ta, Bub IN because Toy, te, Bie be Wig a Meise Ro Juliabh solution 5 Vow! Mout = [449 \ yy @v. Z| bs os AL steady site & . C> rea — Cried (2 bensith) > Rssuminy Ay = veer buh BBs bartels Vos) anit Go ow! med of dea 7 don a of Are Hls)= Ao Vow ~~ fe Gh: hk , cc Vin * (GSI) ue only gh dows : i Freyuencin. cea wt hed ewe FIA over trod fore hs « Taal = integrate Torsten findbion 2 4 are Sa = fe eo To te a good inkeyralen , Whe “ewe civcuit jeyupes ‘ek se 1mqSl>>1 > om" SH Nish Fiequgncio ths & 0 Fo alk devivationy — Tory Nen=invordiy Anpdetion Heplte Pe he see good iy theck 3 #) Input Biag Cuserents Slew rak + thal we Dan Be, raneak eis Vin, owt < BJT tyre Op-Amy have _ eit Not s Some Bian current Becasse f a pO etek gah in gto in OT PAC rei UE ony a Ry + Bw fad Vin very High he fost arse. Garterk unt cable Vin. bY Vin = 0,R 209 Fissh Mf ip hey et ierrove HH Fave $006 pegirum allowed rade of chavs @ Nid aot pewible and Sling ire yak) Basiedty thay toot dang in ead. th fy . 1 “4 =< 12° Advanced Cincait ‘Topo leg ies FW fos (1 4G m boy )ytog +My # Tntuduction ‘= Mlostd wandy a curverd gounce_ in % Somes 77 1 Salura lion —seyian, — MC to channeh ery F ZX dingdo, Hoy medula kon ot forfeel current — sowtee and Mad Suey What i mosically bly, yf doubled Bub Ty same, why there @ — amsoeratd output Huvisance Ho ~ h 4 few Teak Garrenl soune — Internal soiance 2 eee 2% wots a) Ta tuinal seyitance hue TE simchour Gd my = [2p ney incwea iy cura juris Fam ce (wer ay internal Haislonce) a hun our current — source wilh get salon Stn = gry Mae Rae 9 ineneaned Ir Sree with Degenerahon i ened — fe Ko pee i fade os te fou in iy apo lege 7 : pa — L 4 Bi-polox Cascode Curent Source - GFT tle have inl i Rout = (B+ Smt) Rs + Ho Te Faane GR agenealon slays ip mila gp 50 Tk becom, — ton caren seer, = = pt vuneied STATO Ta Coscede conection we Bascal (443mm) (Rette) fd 0) Ty P =) Dw acroms Re bo Lye a BIT in place of Re. The device may be tu of Sahuration , fe we aed @ v, devite in place, OR which thoy mot follow ohm’s 4 (oun Hone Bede wt ntoduce 87, ox mastery in 1 Rout = (1494 My) ( jms plaw 6f Rnd Hee devices ane called Cascede Carvent Ve Source if 2 ae M05 and Bireler type Coxcods 7 f rerk— Sounce : ee ae “pe Coyote Current Sounce Cunt meh Je Ke son igs Taki blr we otce cy folk and bath ane iad y saluraki 4 in Sahu kon ie Me ee Small 4 a ' My 7 ‘Sipeal , 4 md = ' Yn Rol = “4 nt (rete) 1105: gm < BUT | (broecalle) + Hy Pal Hey 7 Hog iis So Me I sere will dread SinceForming of p-bpe Gascodes + ati ot te H eeocralized Concert bain Ay = HW Veltoy: Calculakie n fe ~ bip (Row bi amd stvle fen isin wad of Tronsconduclance fe Short ayy 2 res doves JnVin = 0 SO Caleulation of Rout: angie Rows = Me b Tx i Rut = Holt Re ‘ cé S OT ain=e NER Acimttll sane, Eere, meary wren iret & (® TD) > dane ’ H M05 Cascode Amplifien_ = Prenat * Jon U) Calculation of dim of — Cimcuit we rust Bnew that beth rms unaien agen ok a Fat x alveod, bin = Jou a ‘ cane type coral ounce for whith oak a a ‘e wnt ubue ac stor, @ i 9) aleldd pay = (24 ng) hey * 24 And He, R we ne current ubing ac Soe Sat = Lim a 7 = 7 = Ay =~ binRout me = 9m * Je Terolrerd aly ated Ie pohich wy Auite Obview ale Oral Gncait > bab Mab — Career’ Souter (Web) th in be SeGurnee we we @—Resintence Here then Itt wy te AUl awe biantd an Salvation segien fe Shak boepean Vor bin of Gaal 5D same Ay = “Onfflcoom art no] ® Gut 2 = Bout = Rerag, WA % Gy beau —whily ealtalotiny out, % and Cayok NOS — Stuure will Vin Sm. Gee in poralled. = Se tuneedly Ry ow, se Mesh ib Gaede Aeliin with Caco oad Mn 30% Ce ee Meow (vain bedaced. Suppoye wk WH wun Naw Sipe 2 BL 2 Nite mis im | pute oh th vo = +, as Rocmade = (0 ey Hey Hoy + Hog, % 2 : B Reswede = 14 Gopi ) Hy + Hog % AL, ‘3 4 “Tom Ca > by-1 Guatovredt will aly Reve arte exeranion finite Valu 3o Jefe cane of Had Seune cudnt —Muislance at Bemin “fouminal. (obirg seal signa ed Foy that ue hove givin Tnrud Siral Fo oeded galt Hore what about Ave -— Ye = 1 ph zy, ot in Ms vie— VinZapt os Tin 9 Hinied in sabaralin inn so Bevcaly Mey Je Way yore) a ore Signah nade. By Faw Overall — bam caleulsbien oH ilk Hedy 5890. Fae Via___ tes te New —Sibeelion 1) eBe =~ Mon eo ott. Assuming — chonnd Leng mala tok saunee f os ssueiny Moc wt wand Garesck su te int eo oF + Myr Lede seve eZ £ at et tam aye Pe Erte 05 in Sat and of we wre Hou bia = Tout cto Boe Noy viltne of Ped 5 Cesenged Pres thn wt will gd BEM eet gain, ia not Vin 8 Opelying KewlVin = Vas + Touttog 8 OyMag = Tome =) Vin = Tout 4 Tout Pog Gow = Vin = Tour {+ + Me, > Tous = ) [a] > 7R 4 a - FM = A 2 st, . Gm, Hay The vellege gun from — gate of He cascade —deviee 2 owl iy very bow"? M05 _Cascode Arf wth bere ord Voo ~ Yat mn, Aw =~ Gi, Row ¥ wher Rout = (1 dong Hoy ) toy + M, is ay Cor st oy oul Teal = Pesca tmok = fe dt Cusnent Souncer :- be need current sousrey those ate uncHec live from vollag. —acrey it and alin Can 220 provide Same current in 0 vant temperahure — Hong Pace ORR recs nec een Jo = filer (4-vn)” tempceabwne depen deed verre depended Jerveabed wing Iisbive big jy ale lerctlne det tadu Woldea# — Careend Sourre Using — Conde neal (Bayerd My aura) tema Garnet guurce Hah previdey Suteune Cored Such ak iE carpdd in val Han ye of of wllaye ocren and Lemecrahoe varia lon ne seearade Bolden — Canend — Sounee wory whore Hen it widt be very costly ge we need Goteut whith can cor tureerd ard the ane called — Cuynenl — Minn Gincut H Evolution of Cwwent —Mipsion Cisreuid '- if my om [Vovm),# my in Saturation. And 2 T= unto Y- YA) tf... v1 a (2) Dirde Connected device Supplied by Current Source {= Foul rah, t9s in Salvin zo; Ms in lat olt ALT= 08; 0S in Sabuabin ins andy v Mn 1 Ve aT Viera +M c (8) Coreen —iray = ut Sueree Vth of Both mos 15 * ae Y, wns Sane mi Mv, & ; A Vos 2 i To = Ltn Yq] Tae - eT 5 Tos x (¢) fn my me resteT-2 cae 36) (ER or]z We alway choos Tot = (a Tue td anew dh (”), . 1 = Basically, Mebealy Grvdiod Tour = Wa Tue Wp Guar A Gxeuit includa seurce lower Bioxd at boomer) and have 0 weforence current of Seal a Mn Bs ” saves llae Wat ome EL CE) & (4), Jd" bof bol Yeehy, Te Yoh, Is, € bats how some Nhe aos ly %g, Tn mos Careenl —mmisvrary —nabe Carrent = 0 bul hore bore mequisny Le Her 8 Tue = Tey + Toy + Toy i, bae Same Tadennal waned 300 X same B fo, Tey = 6Tp, > Pls car cink te beh ate mekhd Taginte ten Tyo, 4 | Jy sph > bn Bund AU asrer, aw idenkeal Gnd Tout ee - a = Ty = Tot 2% Jot Since al ) ane eel Je = Ty - — a : 2 Trt 28 Tne = 0144738 po wen > ae (#42) ol ZS Tar = Te(042) eo s ae Tut = es (p42) And Tex behing # Puope% Scaling = Always cheese same by only sealed a a i 1 a ete es Bue Gud Anemos Gomman seunte Stage Mui frod current coe ral, tore ws ‘ a Yo aio uh ux hae mrfonnce erred Source tual id - ret minor ea = se a a io AL in Petype ence mimi, DE Be a » ‘i 01 pecs in = type Fea oe a ce Gears D aechd deta and pl Tat oermerisle we pe bype diode soumee Stage > Cmnennw HE Preble of Novse Coupling Le Thi dretricity in g 1 if a tux house Ia Indi ik have Frequency of SOME L Me th wy take a Heal wand example fo Understand thin’ . tal Pain - pe Differential fain + s Ho cbegraon (Coby) Sater as Pe ae > an bedy how 6 signah ven dor Bet amelie 5 tan tee oe hove toe Mat ond amrli fy fon harbor ng Procosing Vie, Jee ss 6gT Wlouabal ait Nhe Arelieed Mog siflouaticl fiw A Review of CE Stage = o Vly > Srlem-t iy dllenntiak Aerlibiew and vy bh are ope fo Reus SES Ore Ag x ( dilennns of H904k) pe ks %e have 10 fy Nig = TeRe + Vou J | Shima wile How vise nel Uirsoaled ince beh signed Vnve = yetn 04" FHM frin divin) M ---8 ve Aealyris of Gi-polon Differential fain = ext faye of boom BITS aod early a 9 signal and alin bigy beth Irarsistony in fcdive — Hagions Sine VOeq = Vee, (Lh © tgs Ty =a ond by ROL Tye te, * Tee =e > ehh amy te teem yun reed dilloventiah —MrepSelion Ht Diffemential Signals - (@) thy vary by aul and anesite Scand the Gormen -ebdeed) (b) They have the same average (de) velue Vern. (Be omen few f \ KK Kee Men y= Vndinut + Vers Veen Tee Zz Wy = -VnSinat + Moe Ty Tey F Obsenveliony veltax der acini Re = fob eid | eal 5 Ws Mer Tek te Yeo F0 babe t-toh all fopbitude Wt Ve Tee Re aLam Bioiny BITS Bar al diffount volley: i Vig = Weav te Ba Maing ues Ural & 5 im Ave M00" ay Vee, 2 env (tmp 7 (ei Ls 25-07 = 108 vott Hoo Veg = Mle 82 Th culealhe ents Tey =® Ta, = See Ta Bi way Vas Ve Relee We Vee Serre Ving oy bianed > Vet Mee Vy s Vem Re Tee te follewing analysis we can observe Var Wy = #(Ving ~ Viny) P Mlotting Vn, vy ent a) hisher vellase Hen Te, £0 Baxd on Vig-Yng bie Chovoctowsky — ~PTee tT Boxd on intulive study! with Find exack etuslion 4 Tey , Tey, Vn, W Ord Vay op a finclion ef Ving “Ving + (Articole — H — fanye , serall foth Because Hae ae Mew Mole! > beh axe mnalded Torvinhn 9 6 vay high » T2Te abet exact) fy KVL Ving Vey = Ving ~ Vee, Me > Vp - My = 77? Ning NingWhee Mes Mew Ty ke = 2 tyugal Curve Red one Whee Aebival We inperalunt drops Considerabdy wp wVy Slope PB vas ya ig Vins s Su some Yet a . Mice fetes then ethene ow Tee debled [ern] fares =n Ar) = Re Tee took [on - =) hypetelic Puiple one AH Summany of Dillovntial fain Proportis 4) HO Wing Ming] lange , alt of te aif corrent one side. Alpe called" Current - Steening’” Cimcuits, D2) TE Ving = Ni The — toa nn, do nol change. ae 3) 1 Wing Ving) &< 2¥r bain fan Smad — Signal = Meany Ving - Ving X4**1 eines =) heres ain) rane igo a » fet ( Ta By Megion curve 5 aleest Linegn 7YF De a iaetsr oh $ Vay = 7 ReTee (Cats = Re Teg tanh Ving Ying R Ke = a, =) duet Ad Ving, Ving ame pune Mag Ving. . dilfombal signals and tay Tee Vin ge Ul ty AV aa’, Ving ge down by av ee L fe. Va Ny = Retee ton 2av\ / if BY iy vor smell Then WaVy = | ReTeg) x 20V Bp [oy thay tthe 24 Men Gn re IT = At aah BT is Biexd Sn? 2h 2 % a Vr TH 8 slepe ow ood rer cose “Stand” ond Nem in goa up and down => the carversH_Small Signal Behoviewy Uk _Vitieventiat _Amaliti TF Ving and Ving change by (qual ond opr the donge iy Small, Ban thr tail’ ode voltaye doy 9 chonge We k Ve - Take Mec We Ven Tyke Bown = Re Og) 9 T ic - | Yee, we alyeady — krews, Neg; ? Vy -Mr = -Re Teg 24¥ We s * Fee = Tee eY 8 y Ve Assumd 6 sf beth Tromihex i) very igh Ty th = Tee 9 - - --cii & om stquadion Gy BA) me Bees Contend dagends 9% = Tee (14 ov ta Gorn ood zT Vr and ad same Ve a fo Vin), Vax be Py = Tee. oY Ke tay 7 Gm = ete Ad Yn = He aa Vr o%se 2 hee 4 bMe = 2% 24 gn ’Mee = av Fat vin gn Hy 8 Im OHO Girall chs i aed odgund im Yoga) GY Tavh node voltage wrslart. is amount, ond Se fen AC analysis Au > Shopted Vellaye ounce 2 Shended enslerd vebdase toigg 2 Uvomaded (AC Gard seurte 2 een Bo Teg 1th onen An AL onedrrin and point Ps Gomslart velo —foink so Ey Ae gta a Toe Greeatet oun 9 ffenentiah — Arelifior aut | covers 4 e ee Shaw mae " xy i Ving fay jmall signa Prabreiy ue alitudy Rreww train fon CE Saxe = “Gn So Vy = bn Re Ving Y= -am Re Ving Sey E “ane Ves - Ys) GB oellenobiak ined iblene £ fy 2, stake cod Sm = Bi tanned Ce) vr Ay = ~ReTce = Teh vr Vr Jan way alo WE ane gelling same Sain.7 Numepicals on 9/fueakal pain and also some special Ty ih 0 ounge fy dyemeraion Saxe whee gain Aoalysiy gin by meted 5 duu Tee = ima, Re = 1KM | Ty = axa ate : Standard dfleneatish Both — transis ye = HC malehed, §—-ASsume fae SNe Whe Vin we ) Detormine the bir condiliom oF fy and &y in , b) Construct the inst -outrat characters tics ) Voltaye gain Ne bain = = Re = Re Sm a) Biay Gnblieny Tey = Jy > Teg = 0-5mA othe 7 z He Bocus, : Vee = Ve (%) a we aH % ee 2 % Nees = Noe, = 6m (258 F861 IG 45 evo oon ie $n Vi ing Nig i wih “Ree T & withoak Re incntany the Lineaity. Yiy-Viy Aralysic a pe on ine 2Ta aes t= gov 2 av ¢) Small - sigeal Wain? Ime = Rider a = 2 Beery ¢ 5823 S dus acy R= AV TE mean node PI viltase Haney) 10 Aho ih dtfornbal Aange at ines DTK? (onal) re we arty a dilfunabtah newt Wo Vp den nok thenge sith He, f 8 OC ground, 80 SP signal node 6 acts a» Sround, Hoe ede A and Path cel fe ground, fe areeet Half Ginewit — Guivalerd the RBA, porabid, fy = “(Re " *) Se The ate oo Iedttedid neon a cotton 5 losesse Given figure and Gur 4 forsman chonysy Mire wha 9 ed adyuslid node vellage Vp. h ane — Some fon ° bt Both ae — Same fer soothing changin cineeat Ys 6) deecailisd ls ? SmraUk —pignah oredel an Tis nd Kp = yey {J but eye DC wot / * bar of (eM) % Yon Biay condition ave Sywore + Laws ¢ Jee doral becaure of AL Goihion— _ ‘i going de loa yentad Ry Tiss no if we anume — early vellaye of BIT ik wm in OT BF pat thea cutrad uyiydance tt BUT) Gomes in pichuie aod tk 1) Same way —dealed in same way a Mf. value ef Vie = Ving of which ane Hor brannistet twins off 2 ae Fe Ay= “In (Re 1%) Ving = Vey ~ Moy Tueg OFC gp Te ture Ty, Beem caleolf Ntsien and ab Hak at oF Ts gen In My se Ty = Ty H MOS Differential Pain |- > Goth p05 ae malded and baaneved = [Rte both axe biaxtd in Stluro Hon Oe) eae ie ee (v9) Tn Saburalion — yagion drain ” Greed given by Viy= Ving = Ty = Hort (Yr) Vint Ke 2L = ; . tos of Ty, Ord Toa oe f= X Lavye Spt Analysis (- -™ ; (us “Veh, 2 = J bs Ving ~ Ying we + Vr Called overdrive veltase the dlfounkh pain bin equilibritn, Sine Goth owe —malchad Tarsishs, tas , = 2, QT; = 2 | 2, x2 (Vy-ta)= Bh + Bh B= ae quilibriom Ty= Ih * Tuy & Mg- MF 35re such value. Thon ty unch Iy- Ip, = of Advaky —— whal bars thin Ving Ming 2 [2H 7 on ee Inter cd ibid) Mae Bro nad Ve Yor > Tn, 80 20a, abd peor wtih ee Vy = Voy- Toy Ro a FH bone od cquoliny by assuming Both 8 in Sebsrahon 1 - Toy Vy -Y% = 7% (J9-%,) oh equation of Ty, Ty, ik valid andy For Bed 5 2 ros on. Viay~ Ying) = : Se, ‘ 4i = -Ying (v= Yn.) : vee My = Bon (Wing) [48 (%4-¥n) a a = J 2 Way valur of ey (Ya, -¥ins)” << Tes in sahraien ts Ka a 9 afinh, = Is . 1 Minty = incerta Vn = Boke y [iis always Shores ones Areal ae Vig ¥ing z Ko (4 - Tn) 2 (+ %) - Toy . a on foe 4 cs - a ; » (» . ae ee (1 tm (Wing ~ Vien) = Tate (Mer Yn) ws 5 small Signal sein, ot ros itfonnhich — pain A - 2hots5 | LM in i 1 = = chiles -¥iny) fe Corry a ay 2 Ty Ty = (Viny-Vion) 2 yy -Tay 1 /Vin, -Vin 1M Bl Wa) (a (uty Thy Me vole after Hal me of in To, Ta 4> Normal situa hen of ° raph oer Tos ca ion (4%) . gow io invwened v5 hry ond Soren al 6 ‘ing Ving Supe fon small signal incon allovable villoxe (Mi wlic abo into ee ae werd vinmeaned Via 2 My be Ty = Toy s Iy- Ip, 0 for bath mes Ving Vin (int B) ak J‘ OF Ving Ving (ink 8) D Fol sone to ae gy) he ube kw te iy dalled? 37 when ky 0" Uh > Slepe increased Bal had iy ponidive valetehaviews of MOS differential fain. ae Gra aioe > Vin and Vin Pome othe Carey of 108 dil fennbah Pasn 3~ 7 ellogn fer Mem mnan tale is seme va aod av, guy UF by oe, Hen Ving FM gm ton ty we 7h > We Brow from eawlion analyyiy Ving nits aw = oho to Bs (Hymn) vey 2 fe Vig-Ving hoy Sway 2 Ry Vial, 24 ome Jn nal / te place af By ut Hae Thal why ne a From (5 He Ae re *e From 65 Slast 980" y- Io, = ftntis 20 vo a ; 4 = 9m (Reo Ty +h = Ty a Wie 2 Be se - S 7 Why is chonge . i i Ty = ty 4 Wnty #V Odruk srasstance — of dinde Gonnrded 2 devite = 4 hd chorad Seam (ea Yen Boo bias caetd Oy 4, retleben) Mod Frcs Hem salt signch —aaalyny af POS pm ~Im*(, Asm BO Mee ¥ few estab Ins Some gud 5 PIp = Im 4M ug ae My have same gm 1 Tp amy in Vag 2 1 de (Pate tt bore of Slendand As Slax 2 Imp ™ it Hy Uo double. am a: (7h = (ris “ow fed Sue To To Ang = BV tine Sain FE Fee s thy Ty 0 bio Hee alk a ange iy elle (i) WR Lys dalla Vay fox small signal gee PCa Fad ee em Cenvinly inky bse all Cineucd a, (oy Monnveabare 2 Ime = [Al y Mune for — Small sitnal —erecahien, 0s Common Source Hager WW = “Im (Vin Min) bom ransisten aving s4ene Jor Assurted we de Ay = i Im hy nttye didfeneatial fain f- =v OLn BIT di Horehil fam Tre aralain alte Sila by wt oy — Belt Grrewit £ ~ Fs fev t z = byuf wo = ped rebe Gcual syradeee i rs i mes dffenehal pm No byre Sifforen hal min wt ‘ cy Wirleak ged Dibtorntial Pain with Current Source Loads }- > Bin mes prepudy & Meal. > wun we hove He Gnnider Chonmd fenshy modalaion —othuresise gain will be oo to has Whe predicate Fv spatt sinal cnet 13 y Drea fr of Grust cxteetiteaddy mp AG" Faye ~ bin evs fas ac “AL Cine” Vin ih a Gude fv = “Bry [otters] Hey Now Totlementing Wy Grnink umee ale vying Pore weeed Source Gain with fe sueduced — Feeause ik Gl have some firite Tare 0 Mwistence flac called Av =~ bm Rout lin = Aarrexioraltly equal be Say Row = Rocorede 1 Recarcode Rrcasude = [C1 Iey%o) ey +P] Reereede = [¢ 14 Emg Hep )Pes + Jas) Ho we be assumed (07,8), (5, ) Cs ea) Cra em) ate madched Imm te uid te athe te dae commen seme dorm hed yy#1 Differential Pain with Active Lead ¢ A diffonntias pun ib Suepoe — hau frerthor Sage dun sytem we have a sage whch v lafe — differen bial ine a nok . end ene oe os Pevin and fey ign We Reow Ve = 7 Som Hout Ld th, my ate grmmelsic The volleys grace d ef ih original val ew, Oe me | kn tek He Oa dive fad ge Mal — our gain iy abt Gomnrersied isvion bak <> Cwonnl diffount became Heme He mefounce carseat iy rt Constonk | ib verry accanding Je Biasiny OF undotsteadh Mop ees lds be some anakra's Tntuitive Obyewalions, oo ee 3 as yy Ving $e wh AY aed My o fon diutn gy BY et 3 Vig ge we eS tows rane Vous es fey AM, ba bt (fer M4) od ae \ sion fon My bs t Men wend oF By in am br dean 0 sone cartenl Fe Ken duc be negabive gue Youd Joo Uhyy 17 20m are we 9) 4 ee 1 vow oy ey tnenenw bY AT, Ty abe Imevennes 3 yy curved incweaned, Again we can my ink ES Ste ich ve fr ano ht ap vo + Becawe of Garet new uF rien bul Hoes net in 65 Stage Acleally Me in sthurakion and quot aching 0 @ Tretdance & Vou he geo UP Diff - pain wilh Achive bead sv eaent risoren is called — Aaive Seed Heause —Corvent in Baye Aevites et Grslant Bi Ving ane pa Senn wgJeYn a Garnet Heoush ay arte Besugh My curread fon Bet Curvend Corrine TP oad Same one 3, Vouk wank Jo ue a a a io Sou Shaye Bn SH inomoan Sounte ye lence 2 he ne and Vouk Oth Vag wand to Jo AP be cause WA Oh Ving Vin) ulrd tng tls tea increae Vout My om collabyalingTo find gain, doing small ggnal Aral, oF MH UUM folk nes ealed 0 He = ay Amplifier! oe are al ‘ 2B) 4 gma(ti-ts) Vy — Mew 20 Flop Hey die enoeeted as oy h 7 Foy Hes effuo (Fm I . Ve ‘thy, uch E st New — Since Has ban et a a iy ‘ . By tte = Gin, aod Uy + Up = in, wt © “pes BHU, = tiny ny - “ © sn hs Q. And abe red thy value Fem eyubion 1” ing - Wf Zn tow \ + Gag (Wert) + (Ment = ous 2 ge Bh BH Tage, ) ey Twill take bh Pros Trannivlon mralehed and bianed by Sern b 42 Jry = Smq = Sor 5 Vow f=! - 2 =| = Inn (ing Ying ) find similianly Gok W- "105 Bor Gr MaaF) Fi oer by ae ales Ma ten Gry = Im, = Soy > a Bosicaly Me, 7 Mu Ket at cated | “Uy 4 Mow + Imply = 0 Us Bran) of Morn be Men a) pean and Hey = Her - f = a Mout q = mp * MWe, Pa (at oy) ae Teun hn (2 Jlop FA = Ing = One > A ( D x 3 = Hon lt Hop 4d ow V gitfonn tid pail Inn ) 3 We names ee wih adive lead 2 Uys -vow ~-—-ty (uth afi) oe x ee ening enh. mae tering Gm Ming 2Hea Get Py ene San cadre find SL eed SO, —_- “a Feta ae i Srometyica endian Mes mgt * Ewe = oO 74 Py i es rd Koce at cw (res 4h) fod alse fot -b 4 dnt + Vass 0 T Gey #3 = Ing “ Sey, FWY Ig (Wi M) + Ua -Mow = “Are oY Yor Hon ey) he’ R poles by Tnspec He can assume that eoch node nit + 3 ana es pon se in the Signal path contibules te _ Ain & tiles a Aerecxioal yy pete! * Crruthun 1) Gog the caftilonce From thal node 0c tn but io sal hee ane seme Mt indpiadead Sewea =e inital pn 6 lik Gp> 4 benduida —Himitahons and tah why of is Ll ee rege | TBD Hower Ms pole coma orsalie dng au a Tl Bede wr drow Hoh posihue Aelibc , ee ory joey in magnitade Plt —arptey urten's resitute fox Slousnes of Cimeuit have four rapt re tM Square tou manage, Irak od fet 5 pole (we) = 4 fy, Ka Gy w é ie Oe —— z a Thor a Ba ° Vout what wwe Studied TUL news ir ‘§ oO Mt = ~JmRD gh LT ie bd what it ockvally 19 Vas 2 -ImR> 2 “Ono Ue Vie 7+ s St wp T= RG, To increase te steed, we must Rirdmize Ry ey. Cincuit Theony _Concerls, Tire Doroin To} 4d sede Ye me tt frat eo Some Feeyuency Semain = Gs) 2 ody = H Vy Gh +h % Thal! thy Greyuency — ee, $650. beneyatly ta “feaon in wth operate 7 gmk, Ad ys Hhove is Mec we eperae a 3) Lsnvyaal Fepuencies : Reka sures, Wy, 0A, and Moe a) Home Basically oP Fre for cur bode tle. ‘Sin generally 2 comelex Frequincy tut we can esseme Sage Q@ i if He signal of indent nt | Smusvids, Plotliny Mognitude Frequency — oro niesdeduced by 20 Reese =2898/yeade 4 Set Sofy Moe ae rate a Oy) 3 - Va 1- Ve ve Ya Guokion fe iokion > i w ~ = Ave lo he ke Vi & Find Ber, Ree . @ Vin bine tain lay) = -10 se Moe Hl Bo complication mo tthen “tren is 7 Cosocikn not — onnecled — Fo ground — but in betwee Re = fe = Re ond Rea = rey nodes. Since «BITS «OM ros devices'y Small signal rakl have deperdeak —vodbaze — Seurtce — py Home Ole ae rerrinadin 5 soiKe Obsesiyation {He can cn daign Ay & tue and 2. 7 become, — doush. G Rs = Yo» ee va er eR an fleets caes ay cette ea a A eg Derr New —enillen'» cffeek come nko pictune : a Bee . vg lwroud Capacibncs Miller Effect {- (Miller's Theovem) ‘ 0,8 ae be ody oF Av = Im» > i Ya Cinaait, We ase Considouing @ rie atl 3 ' = tS Zea Zea Webedanidatanoeded kaa im Saat Oe / atmey ern Nout ut Went & Trpedance whith dirinaly I) , ve Ws are 5 GE le lian) ye 5 Carcint dean from Po fm) Gs & (5) a ah Gy Von Va te fink Cintak Shs Fa But what Assumption we made hue (i) Mp ia Sean d Gncaite wdnky = Yq; if we nestect al) the auraciboces a beans of His Aid hoe Garrard reeds Jy be Cah: Ho aid be hansed A bite tartanvinn “hy pepe 5 Gaulions! > Mi Arvesimalion has induced a new Pole D> Miler's —Apreeximalicn hay cLivinaltd Me zere, ca %6JT .- High frequency Model of a , é : Te Ane Vn afar Om fl Lt “; ee e Gilleden qunddion aracitance Cre ? Cre? felleclon — Emittor Jundion Gracthnce Cop F eellecton = BulP—Geracilenc, TE Mem nly if eg7 5 Breau on walgn it deol Life! guilt on wafer el He 45 Junedien belucw Sutsirabe & Coblechn Fon caracibance. Cyi- To Tum on he de dilives a arse abe ia Ie ba ond A. That ‘seville See Fo fom Hikerieal : we Cress Gu and Cy = Oe + Ge inclus Oe tance om of ise 5 Tocluding hes pe Simbel of BIT ep Ee 6 cn € > fon Ae analy Bn om ” ly ox in ground. > Bony Cay expuiences mil go Bhoe b ne medley Vy will be ac grounded. in eoralleh, poral Bn too ily caretitance lomren Galt dase edAT treneral — uocedure fH Grequency Reverse Computation «~ 2mNae pignat meget of OFT ih > D> Bea He Cineait > Dwaw all of He vice Capacitances Remove eM Mage Carocitancey iF roasilte Comrade the Teasley Kanckion HIS)? we ee lie nd S Jnl > eet poly by instedicn, te tiew Both Cancte bee Ph sane oo To ela at Gn Gas thw Gow — freview —Aralysiy ohne ot Basil igooyed tenror elon F cgyle 2 Ge © Cy tuviid > Cy &§ C96 Gonmen culls Grmen Bare “Se ES by inspection’ ES Appnooch Ti Finding the polo rnitlen elt i Commen source (65) Shage? emitter (87) o g a oo prin onal ae grosend Wy Thee whch ne mahe we oes mum 98 = Sng (heh dows ty gain basicly Coy Pe Bo Nam Gail ig Dante by deedion Yegieas i & D> tra he & ow of S0Urce. — Sermiong Hey Preview Shaye R, ir Cus | | Ep oe a * . br oa Sos Basdlly *errocls — iMemal a Thee ave las a bsicly, al age hand Med 9! ayy sere Wy, = 1 tn Ru [Gms + Cong (149m) ] > GrT!s tuna — Hp serivtince = Sr bh ex MOSFET it & @. 5 Bosiatly Both ae haviny Same torckegy — excert id Change, <> se om vill de ondlysis sven Nat our Hesully ee valid for toh, Wen = 2 Ro [coe + ow (1+ 5) Mis armor also devil, eneKeck at outrat Appueach I Exact Analysis i eae NN ares Vout 4 Voue C65 + Ju¥y + (Vow - Vg) Corn $0 f Keo ab ede bs = (Vive) CaS + Va Cres fod Vout in tors of Vy? = (Guo ~ In) Ro Caslag + Gos C5 Gon G5] Ao #4 [ (1420) ty +4 Wags Ro (036+ Che . Beet WE Gm Co Ty TH in of IE elo Be Thy we is Vem Vey High Prd at ak gain alret duand beame of tly ge Typically Lnimrentant > Te analyse Fransfox Linctton wt aeed Be MSE. Sinubahons feu manus —anelvny WE DALAL Demined pele agerenination . bunally Ly, th Fayuencig vary SSN AAny and small ont 5 Daminat pede. int Pole AerHeximation .- Boy oc a 96> (5) Fe *) 5 whee ae, db ry iy Darian pele, en D6) = st = 4 ft S14 50 di, * fds 4) ws We, = Resin af Goulbicid of 5 wr = 1 [len (+ nk + Gaky, + (len C06) fo] When we perfewond — pole by ingpechion — ether) Men alse we get alnod seme tener, quot (Gap + (05) Rp ine oradent was net Pron « = D obsewality': @ HF Sze boowalin = QW Sze, = -anky 4 52e, Vu + © Vin @ we ote having 9 caratifony , tuk Second onder Transfer foodie, why? Beceune vellose acer Cy t volte acrom Gy = Vellane oerom Con $e thon is Melabion, Analysis '- @ Mat harem if W> 2 Maintaining ®% Tp comslend Vat Tre Boni. concert trem digit Te R f foign i tt r in iy Cow Bo AU Tramsisten Cars axe doubled F c. inter 8 Ty Om gee bt TE 3m He Greus teminent pole a ly = fy (Eat ing * So fee + aa ee 7 h fasten ef 2 least byw nan 98 a Trodeef# tdoen 25 wy be ty oF 5 fen Freguency gain 2 To sh High gain R Band wilh ue by fe fren mee gain,® r Te Re > Re, whal herreny 7 Re Vou z Opin = 1 wy conn. ak wa) Me qt bain = Om Re Gm, A dudaed Me AY t me round > Re aes “ = Ae ground = Cut les —_|__— Re (Gi* Ces) Thy wm FO PT Bawed CB Sage, «New fo Cl Sloge @ rou = Ro (C08 na) BW= to Gawd ineweand bY Ret, felon of 2 bo Mere tain x Bod iy condant Der AM oe en Ht Vr Now — brain = Cowart Find pole Frequenci by TePechon Gur = Doubled Gn € uy go bhat Trade 0 Hen. Pethually Je i9eaued epee! in Ate 50 Powe Consumed — is inoeared jw teaclanien : a ¢ Com» 6, 1 “ars , ay and id hk <9 ? ny in parallel. a — sanchten % Ye Resend id sume Ho > G6) B Cas, fF Me He OO eee Z) Prguency Response of CB/ Cw. Stage - because They ave in beheten Urreund and Ae greund Bo eg Te ete ededbovinly Shine et cone MON pig = Re L a2 vet (ra) (ee =) coe Vee Ae greund hcl yuing neal impedance wt mad an arriezination Hor Mt ye Es Vin Re F Nan at own ard? (i) gro thn Me PO C8 Shaye > Ne muller effeck lwpout PO (net erachicah Cast 3 find me Pl by inspection te Ae gretid te me ged > tral aede al inn 2 Ovt Gin Mon we have be Grider COM (Ato) Fou, Rows = (1 + Sry Hes) Bs + Mey Ha &S Fey Tyan Hon Home bing Meee fn acdnnk - + Ret is Cordes became HM fninkuhive analysis, we aa rane 38 RF Hye (14 ame) Re tte C= Coe + C55, + Cus, + Cox, B brow = _t RC Feequency Response of Fellowes /- Vans) Go LD OF Feed ow aX tg oc Vy a a Py Lo a Leo) carocilnee > Actually in BJT follower he Hoe at oulped —tyrminal se Topolagy wine Boh ane See 4 fale inatechion mt) — dew nek wor Hare freely ond demioard ele ao because — in Meaty eth rel one very clex te tach-olher Ld's find the Trams fur fodion: Roy ar oete = Mit Mat) GS + M4 Gos $ Arey Ket in ~ (V+ Nout) Kp ob ord | a’ YM Vylns3 + 5m% = Vow S565 - Now Gas Sata = Cte) fe + Ft ] + Vow [Plas Go . Sls btn Vin = Vw T+ SRilan | 4 Vow [14 Sealer) Ro R Ry n (ry) [$56 5Eiys 3 i + Gost + Vow > Vin “fee $Ralys ) (3Gest30) + (shor) (ss) * BG (SEs + Im) ae > Vin = 52 (Rin GasCus + Rin (os Se + Nulns66) Im Ruling + 58 @ SCus + Gm WG) = Veur (5) His) = 1+ SCus/y, (“stir + Gost + Gonos) Rin + ( qul chene caretitene — prorely & ey in than of Gp it vill onvedtd te BIT source Feflewer Team fer ArechionTruk (aracitence of C5 Shaye | bo Ap phy miller 2 eck oF Cs a + (14 Imho) Co a Rp Cin Ges small Gneit Cimcuil fom Oy —Teredance Calculation 141 +VP SE] + = y Cus 2 dnVy (0 we Seeing Med of ony Crs Mem, obo Go igmeped ) Thput Capacitance of Followurs ¢- a * effet will _ es Vin Vi Slus + 9m ¢3,20% a Ws Satan be aetid on Cy, fin Be) we fave be nue & (7 Aethiing Kev fam Va bromd — trawh Ry Ted fois nce (A s ’ - yo +y + v=o Gin = Cay * Gos (Ae) yy — to 2 VS Ry li =o Cine Cap + Cus in pla of By, Ry bs Pho > w+ vy + (YS Milas) 2+ 5m Rp Av = = doh > Ve + Ms [145 Riling) =? es the Rr, Athan Tntuilivdy extlain why Me sy ve intubg Gracitence of Seunee followe ig toy tar Cins + Cp! he - Tx (14 5h) 2 0 te a, Gm t $ Clas. ‘| 71 an Te eee . “ Bow = Ve = 2+ $Rinbis ue Aa aede= yy ‘i In + Sins oS ee Thee is soothing! Naboud Wh Rout 2 abo 3° ur by OV gy voltage change ; . of Be, wg = cd corm tasocilon =O 2. ge B=o0 _ Wp = I/eng Hane Cs acbually — Bop t- Strapred became wow wy Pht Wye fe 1 in bode lode ¢ pee ey See ne Cort gy < pele: tamrein Abed fede Tn sounce flour Ay F 08% 09 Se 8 Cus (1- Av) = 020s 7 Tats WHY Gs duced ad Tavedh Fi ” avon 3 . tc + er ut put Impedance of _ feblowow ¢ : Rin ofp Try eda caleulson og Gheyd 2 Carsenk gvuney> Je drive Seal oyp Sead, few Op Tn edonce Buhler mes Ly of Caycodey J 4) Brequeacy Haronse arrrevimal —miston analysis fon Ss cal gain fam A teB ; Vin Re GK > Te find % pcies "9 A “ tarly yoUay = @ 5 Ma = 9m, ( Reirtnce ed Me coMedlin of & He Va Ae ground) > see ize et Getluhn e# 4, 0” BMF ows Ya Aisind © % > Sin tay = Ten Va Vr Imy = Tey Tore is Oh sintance rears oe 7" aly wllese fect ininaled) $9 Tey > Tea Moe -4 we 5 (ote iy nity = x (> 69) = 2b, Gu HM = ey fr] = ty PM om greed be cat Gey ane pall lm & Gy a ik paral Simple hid Cascade Cosy + Coy + Bug | Capt 26g ows —ovely pole inspection meted = fad pole Frequencion w= Wen = 1 5 Wrouk = (for Hm) (Cn, + 24) Re lls, + Su) 1 Wied vor [ty * tr, *2e, me im ros Hy (s+ oye) >In mest of Me ae Shut teem Mason bys 3 ib of few Bonduilh Comrone thi Cageede wilh C@ relitn oul ie Cin = Ga (tS) Cin = lo Tn Cade Shrew ae yelling ty mene gin and fon ist era irLiaion — at Th bide* The transit Frequency &s- Why se ih lhe CL a 1 i Tin {= 4 Vn = Tat > dmVn = Preuency at whith current gain of the device deems toa Ce Stas Feu on © ft fn” (4 sic) "Be Yn Ie Tin 1+ Sinbn D Tur 2 dn 9m Tia TF Sint j= = _Gotn for Transit equner moyihede of TH aw, F 4 21 fe wry Beige typ dom Fy ae 8 ae abate =F hod 2 ty = KB = _Sm Siren Ge fon roster a es (HE is generally Faas worl Mandeed tz) Since we Roow gm = [2b Cox To a) Whe herpes if = Ww doutled t Jn gon 8G Since Cys Sulkin Hoe Trani ryueney YT preronion vik we 4° fusiny Ty enh Cus > tos => Yr @ b) M2 Ty blk doubted g, > mfr = 2% Gs > 2us & wy Unelbectd, Vo> a 3 Rp + No lo 78 % \ ete, LP or 5 60354 Go, a T and Ruy + 2ehay sm aa miller emabliplica ion i 24 te mage Transm of Sane Sing nde come iy Her se By = Ton Mate Aye <4 Be Nour gurl Lye ele by iapecion ad nets A,B 2B Meud = 4 Wn a = na Fo Re (fos, + Fos ) = 1 = 7 tan ea 2 Pao om) aS toned & (inte Hey, dey 6 Bois und 2, ethnatie hey aloe came in ich = 4 Ses Ry Pett 2 Gm OO To 7 sek aye re ke aa dorinaat frequency Cire Banduids deciding ) hae Ta De peak giefoence oe row ibof 65 wrth Cavsend 2 Gus, * ¢ oy enue (F) Fuequency Rerenre stage Scunte lead (7 in pacall wih Vpgtae sort) bis Aeyenad Aerly eid elbeed it hob > New fr yg, Gon, (1 fv) 9% 2 Coy (1-2 ob paite % oon ih Joodd WH pros source, 0 hare to onside anaal lush retalaion fe =~ ing (2s oy) > Since Henss Se Tebal Gractlence ak rede Cus, + Go, (4+ dngls4e)) Cae Ra = Ryne = Ry a wae 1 {br Tospechion J Fala ode -8 Tot Grscience = Cray + Cogs Go, Ut Srila) + Gp, f= eeBiny ine B 2 (Hop tHe} beh at train of Pres seat ap a Deein of NEES Resi tence. (6) Corcaded Stage: R &, Ceo Poy Cu, : mF (A 5 Tas, 0 if rH Oy T = 4) brain from ode PD Sry Roy 82 Cap, ervenie miller led 2 fuk, in Cnn, (54 Sn, fo,) at rnd se Ro, [ Coe, + Coy C1 + aa) | Carte yindts Tiere ust be same dead ose in achoal Mcowe my othe 2 RK, ab she and Cann, (1 +fhny ho, ) ae Medex. be Opp = Ru, (Cosy + Gp, (14900 R,)) And Wey = 4 ss? ne Rone [06 + Gus + Gs, (14 Jeon fy nd Copout = 4Feed back Feed bok Unit 4° H bunvial Negative System f= coon Sl Rad Fonsand iar Stoo) = TSED satadh 9 Sige Flew Fecha Mu Tramfur — fanchion of Ulascd loop vsti | & Ay Ay 1 open loop sein x 24Kay Kt Redback lain Guo sigel 8D G2 xu es x-KY es x-K[ a htm) e- _¥ T+ kay go tex Gren bo minived? {ful sgoal sh xtu good corr of signal ey cm by be oivindecd J Loop rain {~ Thy tm KAY is owe door gain whe = Kay >> 4 ciexd loop Wain? 1 ’ ie Tedoendeed of Ay, which maflo —-Svateen mene Sto with = ypect 1% Vanialions in K. Joop Wain Calculation '- Grok Heep Arvehoe 2 Sd X20 end EBB Gas by Arobving dk Taped, al 00 Hor gen: 7 Vy & KAW = Vout 2 Ky Data Vout - Ne 5 16 we tweak tooe at Blt = KAy Vist dillon — plas then the <— © ye = KAy = loop hain, Me ow Cremole of Feedback Garauit ten, (any sepia Fe dotlep ir pat of x * Gweuit x Alyy) ‘ [> (Cer % 1 So -lefing @ None Tovothing Sem? ag yi Ue divide RF Oh ater se (fe four Fedlad ot = & 1 kA, Cloxd toot gain = A T & Rahs so if foot gain & A, a ad Awd tuo = jh ole Closed aot grin =e ie Cee =z 14k %, We can Soy Thi By iS Stable in ten Teo perabure vaeialin —fecaae 8% change, by Same fen IAT variabionMaking Feedlok using a single onsiton = UB Proruiting of — Negolive feed ocd $- > ta Foot Wak fou seal sana an Y T & KA, >>y ait x ~ Gea, 7 ‘ s nis YX is dem sensikig fe temp, Seedy an By, soe arty at ate 7 b> : me vill gun am tal at 6 > Bandwidth Grtinsion: drneadon Bonduidih fin closed Aor syatern Ihrowsh aay NDP] ediFeakion of Input @ Our Trpedoncer nealic fecdleg, Tren we will fas Hh Ta potter — 2 ge vokbage to oateet ey nigh, Kincanty, th uy tafe a Raut onder satin 7 7 brain ab © fre Ar = fe 6 a Bernind ce Tes landed AUeanined —tsiy is gut ad) al voll divide gh UB gk Mezative ee panes Feedback System. 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