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6-Combustion Chambers

The document discusses different types of combustion chambers for spark ignition and compression ignition engines. It describes side-valve, overhead valve, and hemispherical combustion chambers for spark ignition engines as well as direct injection, pre-chamber, turbulence chamber, and air cell combustion chambers for compression ignition engines.

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Mo Mo
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29 views15 pages

6-Combustion Chambers

The document discusses different types of combustion chambers for spark ignition and compression ignition engines. It describes side-valve, overhead valve, and hemispherical combustion chambers for spark ignition engines as well as direct injection, pre-chamber, turbulence chamber, and air cell combustion chambers for compression ignition engines.

Uploaded by

Mo Mo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

24/09/1444

Faculty of Engineering- Mataria

Internal Combustion Engines

Chapter (6)
Combustion Chambers

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ahmed Emara

Cairo 2022/2023

1
24/09/1444

[6.1] Combustion chambers for SIE's

The design requires:


(1) A large inlet valve in order to
improve the volumetric efficiency.
(2) A minimum distance of the flame
travel.

[6.1] Combustion chambers for SIE's

(3) The exhaust valve and the spark


plug seats should be well cooled
to avoid pre-ignition.

(4) A good level of turbulence.

2
24/09/1444

[6.1] Combustion chambers for SIE's


(5) High volume to surface ratio to
reduce heat losses.

(6) The spark plug should be located


away from any exhaust products
in order to prevent any deposits
formation.

[6.1] Combustion chambers for SIE's

Classified as:
(1) Side-valve comb. chambers
(2) Overhead valve comb. chambers
(3) Hemispherical comb. chambers

3
24/09/1444

[6.1] Combustion chambers for SIE's


(1) Side-valve combustion chambers

Was the most favored one in the early days

[6.1] Combustion chambers for SIE's


(1) Side-valve combustion chambers

Its advantages are:


(1) The removal of the cylinder head
does not disturb the valve
mechanism.
(2) Ease of lubricating the valve
mechanism.

4
24/09/1444

[6.1] Combustion chambers for SIE's

(1) Side-valve combustion chambers

Its disadvantages are:


(1) Detonation (long flame travel)
(2) Low turbulence level (long comb.
time – increase detonation)
(3) Low CR (possibility of detonation)
(4) Sensitive to ignition timing ( deto.)

[6.1] Combustion chambers for SIE's

(1) Side-valve combustion chambers


A new design to over come the
defects.
Higher CR increasing the power
output and improving the engine
efficiency.

5
24/09/1444

[6.1] Combustion chambers for SIE's

(1) Side-valve combustion chambers

[6.1] Combustion chambers for SIE's

(2) Overhead-valve comb. chambers

•Higher CR (over 8).


• Turbulence through the inlet valve is
sufficient to give the required rate of
combustion.

6
24/09/1444

[6.1] Combustion chambers for SIE's

(2) Overhead-valve comb. chambers

[6.1] Combustion chambers for SIE's


(3) Hemispherical comb. chambers

7
24/09/1444

[6.1] Combustion chambers for SIE's

(3) Hemispherical comb. chambers

• Is difficult and expensive.


• Gives a good performance (all requirements).
• Is useful when high specific outputs
involving piston speed ( more than 15
m/sec)

[6.2] Combustion chambers for CIE's

The design requires:


(1) Good mixing between the injected
fuel and compressed air.
(2) High volume to surface ratio to
minimize heat losses.
(3) Enough space for valves and fuel
injection equipment.

8
24/09/1444

[6.2] Combustion chambers for CIE's

Classified as:
(1) Direct injection comb. chambers.
(2) Subdivided comb. chambers.

[6.2] Combustion chambers for CIE's

(1) Direct injection comb. Chambers.


(a) Meurer system MAN engine.

•Fuel is injected tangentially onto


a bowl in the piston.

9
24/09/1444

[6.2] Combustion chambers for CIE's


(1) Direct injection comb. Chambers.
(a) Meurer system MAN engine.

•A small amount of fuel is sprayed in


the air charge to provide self ignition.
•The rest evaporates off the bowl
comparatively slowly.

•This eliminates diesel knock.

[6.2] Combustion chambers for CIE's


(1) Direct injection comb. Chambers.
(a) Meurer system MAN engine.

• Cold starting is more difficult because


the fuel in the bowl of the piston does
not evaporate rapidly enough.

10
24/09/1444

[6.2] Combustion chambers for CIE's

(1) Direct injection comb. Chambers.


(b) Perkins combustion chamber.

•Promotes high air motion


•Rapid combustion.

[6.2] Combustion chambers for CIE's


(1) Direct injection comb. Chambers.
(c) Deep bowl with swirl and squash chamber.

•The clearance is small.


•Fuel sprays impinge on the bowl walls.
•Promotes good mixing.

11
24/09/1444

[6.2] Combustion chambers for CIE's

(1) Direct injection comb. Chambers.


(d) Opposed piston combustion chamber

•One or more periphery injectors.


•Is used in the two stroke engines.
•Air swirl by shaping the inlet ports.

[6.2] Combustion chambers for CIE's

(1) Direct injection comb. Chambers.


(d) Opposed piston combustion chamber

12
24/09/1444

[6.2] Combustion chambers for CIE's


(1) Direct injection comb. Chambers.
(e) The quiescent combustion chamber.

• Depends on a multi hole nozzle.


• Large engines to prevent impingement
onto the cold wall.

[6.2] Combustion chambers for CIE's

(2) Subdivided combustion chambers.


(a) Pre chamber.

•Combustion starts in the pre chamber.


•Contains a proportion of the total air.
•A small portion of the fuel is burned.
• Rising the pressure which forces mixture
into the main chamber.

13
24/09/1444

[6.2] Combustion chambers for CIE's


(2) Subdivided combustion chambers.
(b) Turbulence chamber.

• Compressed air tangentially into a


spherical chamber.
•Producing a swirl air mass.
• Has a volume about the in main chamber
•Most of the fuel may be burned in the
turbulence chamber.

[6.2] Combustion chambers for CIE's


(2) Subdivided combustion chambers.
(b) Turbulence chamber.

14
24/09/1444

[6.2] Combustion chambers for CIE's


(2) Subdivided combustion chambers.
(c) Air cell combustion chamber.

•Some air will fill the pre chamber.


• When fuel is injected reverse flow
causes secondary turbulence in the
combustion chamber.
•Getting air to complete the combustion.

• Thank You

15

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