ST.

XAVIER’S COLLEGE
KOLKATA
(AUTONOMOUS)

3rd SEMESTER EXAMINATION

DECEMBER 2021
B.A./B.Sc.
Monday, December 13, 2021
HECCR3071T 1:00 PM to 4:00 PM
3 hours
STATISTICAL METHODS FOR
Full Marks : 80
ECONOMICS

PLEASE READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE YOU START WRITING:

• Of the questions attempted, the answers to only the first required number of questions (as stipulated
in the question paper) will be evaluated. So please do not attempt extra questions.

• Only HAND WRITTEN answer scripts (using black or blue ink) on A4 size sheets will be
considered.
• Answer in your own words as far as practicable.
• Save the scanned pages to a single PDF file and name the document accurately i.e. Roll No_Paper
Code.PDF (example: 147_HPHCR2032T).
• Students have to write legibly their answers on A4 size sheets, scanning them and sending the entire
answer script as one PDF file to the following email address (in REPLY mode) within 30 minutes
of the completion of the examination: heccr3071t2122@sxccal.edu
• The scanned answer scripts should have enough clarity to enable evaluation.
• On top of each page the following information should be entered by the student: Name, Roll
Number, Paper Code , Date, and Page Number
• No multiple submissions would be allowed.

The marks are given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

The question paper consists of 4 pages.

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 Of the questions attempted, the answers to only the first required number of
questions (as stipulated in the question paper) will be evaluated.
So, PLEASE DO NOT ATTEMPT EXTRA QUESTIONS.

1. Answer ANY FOUR questions. [4×15=60]

(a) (i) Calculate AM, GM and HM of the following observations a, ar , ar 2 ,..., ar n −1

where a > 0 and r > 0 . Also show ( AM )( HM ) = ( GM ) .
2
[5]
(ii) Find the mean deviation from the mean and standard deviation of
a, ( a + d ) , ( a + 2d ) ,..., ( a + 2nd ) and verify that the latter is greater than the
former. [5]
(iii) The frequency distribution of a large number of metal balls when classified
according to the radii is symmetrical. Show that the frequency distribution of
volume is skewed. [5]

(b) (i) Determine the binomial distribution for which mean is 4 and variance is 3.
Hence find the mode of the distribution. [5]
(ii) Trains on a certain line run every half hour between midnight and six in the
morning. What is the probability that a man entering the station at a random
time, during this period will have to wait at least twenty minutes.
(iii) X ∼ Bin ( n, p ) then find the distribution of  X − E ( X )  V ( X ) when n → ∞ .
Also interpret the result. [5]

(c) (i) If X and Y are independent Poisson variates with means λ1 and λ 2
respectively, find the probability that X = Y and ( X + Y ) = K . [5]
(ii) If the skulls are classified as
,  and  according as the length-breadth index
is under 75, between 75 and 80, or over 80, find approximately (assuming that
the distribution is normal) the mean and standard deviation of a series in
which
are 58%,  are 38% and  are 4%, being given that if
t x2
1 −
φ (t ) = ∫e 2
dx
2π 0

then φ ( 0.20 ) = 0.08 and φ (1.75 ) = 0.46 . [5]

(iii) Show that Laspeyers' and Paasche's index number formulae do not satisfy the
factor reversal test when considered in isolation, but they satisfy the test
conjointly. [5]

(d) (i) If y i regressed on x i ( i = 1, 2,..., n ) and Yi represents the value of  when x = x i ,

find the covariance between  and  and show that r yY = rxy where r yY is the
correlation coefficient between  and  and rxy is the correlation coefficient
between  and . [5]
(ii) A coin is tossed  times. If  and  denote the (random) number of heads and
number of tails turned up respectively, find the correlation between  and . [5]

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 (iii) Let  and  be two random variables each taking three values −1, 0 and 1,
having the joint probability distribution:

−1 0 1 Total

−1 0 0.1 0.1 0.2
0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.6
1 0 0.1 0.1 0.2
Total 0.2 0.4 0.4 1.00
Find the correlation between  and  and V (Y X = −1) . [5]

(e) (i) The joint probability density function of a two-dimensional random variable
( X , Y ) is given by
 2 ; 0 < x < 1, 0 < y < x
f ( x, y ) = 
0 ; elsewhere
Find the conditional density function of Y given  =  and conditional density
function of  given Y = y . Also check for independence of  and . [5]
(ii) If y i is regressed on x i ( i = 1, 2,..., n ) and Yi represents the value of y when
x = x i then show that
n n n

∑ ( yi − y ) = ∑ ( Yi − y ) + ∑ ( y i − Yi ) .
2 2 2

i =1 i =1 i =1

In this context explain coefficient of determination. [5]

X X
(iii) If X ∼ Bin ( n, p ) , find V ( X n ) and Cov  ,1 −  . [5]
n n

(f) (i) X ∼ N ( 0, σ 2 ) . Find E X . [5]

(ii) X 1 , X 2 , X 3 are three variables each with variance S 2 and the correlation
1
coefficient between any two of them is ' r ' . Show that r ≥ −
. [5]
2
(iii) The variables  and  have zero means, the same variance S 2 and zero
correlation. Show that ( x cos α + y sin α ) and ( x sin α − y cos α ) have the same
variance S 2 and zero correlation. [5]

2. Answer ANY TWO questions. [2×10=20]

(a) (i) Let be the sample proportion of success based on a random sample of size 
from a population of size
having population proportion of success . Then
show that
E ( p) = P
 P (1 − P )
 , in case of SRSWR
 n
V ( p) = 
 P (1 − P )  N − n  , in case of SRSWOR
  
n  N −1 
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 (ii) Suppose that the variable  takes positive values only and that the deviations
 S2 
( xi − x ) are small compared to x . Show that in such a case x h ≃ x  1 − 2 
 x 
where x h = harmonic mean, x = arithmetic mean and S 2 = variance of . [5+5]

(b) (i) Suppose that the number of telephone calls coming into a telephone exchange
between 10 AM and 11 AM say, X 1 is a random variable with Poisson
distribution with parameter 2. Similarly the number of calls arriving between
11 AM and 12 Noon say, X 2 has a Poisson distribution with parameter 6. If X 1
and X 2 are independent, what is the probability that more than 5 calls come in
between 10 AM and 12 Noon?
(ii) Let ( x1 , x 2 ,..., x n ) be the sample observations drawn from a population
( X 1 , X 2 ,... X N ) . Show that
E ( x i ) = µ 
 for both SRSWR and SRSWOR
V ( x i ) = σ 2 
0, in case of SRSWR

cov ( x i , x j ) =  σ 2
− , in case of SRSWOR
 N −1
where µ and σ 2 are the population mean and variance. [5+5]

(c) (i) If  has a binomial distribution with parameters  and then prove that
1
P [ X is odd ] = 1 − ( q − p )  .
n

2  
(ii) For a distribution the mean is 10, variance is 16, γ 2 is 1 and β 2 is 4. Obtain the
first four moments about the origin. Comment upon the nature of the
distribution. [5+5]

(d) (i) If ,  are independent normal variates with means 6, 7 and variances 9, 16
respectively, determine λ such that
P ( 2 X + Y ≤ λ ) = P ( 4 X − 3Y ≥ 4λ ) .
(ii) A simple random sample of size 10 is drawn without replacement from a finite
population consisting of 200 units. If the number of defectives in the
population is 15, find the standard error of the sample proportion. [5+5]

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