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43 views6 pages

Eccentricity - Power-MI: Aug 21, 2023 2:29 PM

Uploaded by

And jaz
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Eccentricity | Power-MI

Aug 21, 2023 2:29 PM

https://power-mi.com/content/eccentricity
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Low frequency fault diagnosis


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Eccentricity
By Alfonso Fernandez

Introduction to maintenance

Vibration analysis fundamentals

Vibration sensors and measurement devices

Vibration standards

Imbalance and phase measurement

Low frequency fault diagnosis

Eccentricity

Bent shaft

Misalignment

Looseness

Beating

Plain bearings

Gears
Rolling element bearings

AC induction motors

Resonance

Eccentricity is defined as the offset between the axis of rotation and the axis of
symmetry. Eccentricity can take place in different types of mechanical elements,
such as pulleys, gears and in any relative positioning between two concentric pieces,
as for example the rotor and the stator of an electric motor.

Figure 6.1: Different types of eccentricity

Due to the general improvement in manufacturing processes eccentricity is


nowadays not a common phenomenon, having its root-cause mainly in an uneven
surface wear. This is the case of wear on pulley grooves. In electric motors,
eccentricity caused by the incorrect relative positioning between the rotor and the
stator is related to a progressive decrease of the air gap by the manufacturers with
the objective of increasing the motor efficiency.

Eccentricity manifests differently in a pure mechanical element, such as a pulley, than


in the case of an electric motor where there is also present a magnetic field.
Eccentricity problems in electric motors are discussed in detail in Chapter 10.
 

Pulley eccentricity
Eccentricity manifests in the same way as unbalance, with a strong vibration
component at the turning frequency of the pulley in the radial direction. If it is
diagnosed as an unbalance, the problem may be corrected, but the eccentricity is
usually dependent on the load, so when the load conditions change with respect to
those during the balancing, then vibration levels can increase.

The phase is a parameter that is available to differentiate eccentricity from


unbalance. As discussed in the previous chapter, with unbalance there is a 90°
diference between the two radial readings. In the case of eccentricity, a periodic
variation in the belts tension is produced. The reaction force on the pulleys causes a
movement of the pulleys in the direction of the this force so if radial phase readings
are taken on the pulley, these readings will be in phase as shown in Figure 6.2.

Figure 6.2: Pulley eccentricity

In a spectral reading taken in line with the two pulleys, the frequency of the worn
pulley is usually seen from the other pulley.

If the belts are removed and the rotating speed harmonic is significantly reduced, it is
quite likely that the problem is wear on the pulley's outside diameter.

IN THIS PAGE:
Introduction
Pulley
eccentricity

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