Module: R_Finned_pipes

Finned pipe. Air cooled rectangular finned pipe with saturated steam inside

Procedures:
1.- Heat flow rate though a pipe with rectangular fins "q"
2.- Efficiency of a pipe rectangular fin "eta"
3.- Global heat transfer coefficient of a pipe with rectangular fins "UoF"
4.- Matrix output with: "q", "eta" and UoF"
5.- Matrix with 10 outputs
6.- Efficiency of a rectangular fin, with five input variables (Schneider)
7.- Global transfer coefficient of a finned pipe, referred to the exteriorsurface
8.- Finned pipe factor
9.- Fin Factor

1.- Finned and bare pipe

Example 3.8 [1]

Data
Inside fluid
Pipe Inside temperature
Pipe material Matp : Carbon steel Mass flow rate
Pipe outside diameter dop_mm = 50 mm
Pipe wall thickness sp_mm = 6 mm Exterior fluid
Pipe length Lp_mm = 1500 mm Exterior ambient temperatu
Pipe absolure rugosity RabsPmm = 0.1 mm Air velocity

Fins Height above sea level

Fin material Matf : Carbon steel
Fin section type Sectionf = rectangular
Fin length Lf_mm = 20.0 mm
Fin thickness sf_mm = 6.0 mm
Number of fins Nf = 50 fins

tse_F,ass =

Average finned pipe temperature Average fin temperature

tFP_ave = (tsi + tse) / 2 (from sheet Equations)
tsi_FP,ass= 100.6 ºC tF,ave = te * (1 - hF) + tse_FP * hF
 tse_FP,ass = 99.2 ºC Exterior ambient temperature
tFP_ave,ass = 99.9 ºC te = 26.85 ºC
Fin efficiency initially assumed
Pipe thermal conductivy hf,ass = 0.93
kFP,ass = 54 - 0.0333 * tFP_ave,ass Finned pipe exterior temperature
tFP_ave,ass = 99.9 ºC tse_FP,ass = 99.2 ºC
kFP,ass = 50.7 W/( m*K) tF,ave = 93.9 ºC

Average bare pipe temperature

tBP_ave = (tsi + tse) / 2 Fin thermal conductivy
tsi_BP,ass = 130.6 ºC kf = 54 - 0.0333 * tf,ave
tse_BP,ass = 129.9 ºC tf,ave = 93.9 ºC
tBP_ave = 130.2 ºC kf = 50.9 W/( m*K)

Pipe thermal conductivy of bare pipe

kBP,ass = 54 - 0.0333 * tp.ave
tBP_ave = 130.2 ºC
kBP,ass = 49.7 W/( m*K)

Pipe dimensions Fin length

rop_mm = dop_mm / 2 Lf = Lfmm/1000
dop_mm = 50 mm Lf_mm = 20.0 mm
dop = 0.050 m Lf = 0.02 m
rop_mm = 25 mm
rop= 0.025 m Fin thickness
sf = sf_mm / 1000
Pipe wall thickness sf_mm = 6.0 mm
sp = 6.0 mm sf = 0.006 mm
sp = 0.006 m
Number of fins per meter
Pipe interior radius Nfpm = Nf / Lp
rip_mm = rop_mm - sp_mm Nf = 50 fins
rop_mm = 25 mm Lp = 1.50 m
sp_mm = 6 mm Nfpm = 33 fins / m
rip_mmp = 19.0 mm
rip = 0.019 m

Pipe length
Lp_mm = 1500 mm
Lp = 1.5 m
Interior pipe surface Temperature difference between
Ai = 2 * p * rip* Lp inside fluid and exterior ambient
rip = 0.019 m Dt = ti - te
Lp = 1.5 m ti = 160.0 ºC
Ai = 0.1791 m² te = 26.85 ºC
Dt = 133.2 K
Exterior pipe surface
Ae = 2 * p * rop * Lp
rop= 0.025 m
Lp = 1.5 m
Ae = 0.2356 m²

Inside convection
C6.b - Saturated steam Turbulent Local Coefficient
hi = Turbulent_Convection_Coefficient_SatWater_inside_pipe_dePmm_sPmm_RabsMM_pSatBarG
dePmm = 50.0 mm
sPmm = 6.00 mm
Rabs = 0.10 mm
Pbar_g = #VALUE! bar(g)
Hasl = 540 m.a.s.l.
mkgMin = 2 kg/min
hi = #VALUE! W/(m²*K)

Outside convection
A3.c - Convection coefficient of combined natural and forced convection
ho = Combined_Convection_Coefficient_horizontal_tube_dextmm_Vkmh_tsurf_tamb
dextmm = 50 mm
Vkmh = 27.6 km/h
tsurf = tse = 99.2 ºC
tamb = 26.85 ºC
ho = #VALUE! W/(m²*K)

Global heat transfer coefficient for

a finned pipe, referred to the exterior
surface
1
U ef =
1 r o ro
( )
r 1
⋅ + ⋅ln o +
hi r i k p ri h o⋅Φ

Uef = ( (1/hi ) * (ro/ri) + (ro/kP ) * ln(ro/ri ) +(1/Ff)* (1/ho) )^(-1)

hi = #VALUE! W/(m²*K)
ro = 0.025 m
ri = 0.019 m
kFP,ass = 50.7 W/(m*K)
ho = #VALUE! W/(m²*K)
Ff = #VALUE!
Uef = #VALUE! W/(m²*K)

Heat flow rate through the finned pipe

qf = Ao * Uef * Dt
Ao = 0.2356 m²
Uef = #VALUE! W/(m²*K)
Dt = 133.2 K
qf = #VALUE! W Solution

Iterations Finned pipe

Fin efficiency Exterior surface temperature
qf = Ae *he*Ff *(tse_F - te)
Assumed fin efficiency tse_F,calc = qf/(Ae*he*Ff) +te
 hf,ass = 0.9260 - te = 26.85 ºC
qf = #VALUE! W
Calculated efficiency Ae = 0.2356 m²
hf,calc = #VALUE! - he = #VALUE! W/(m²*K)
Ff = #VALUE!
Difference tse_F,calc = #VALUE! ºC
Diff_hf = hf,ass - hf,calc tse_Fass = 99.213632 ºC
hf,ass = 0.9260 Dtse,F = tse,calc -tse,ass
hf,calc = #VALUE! tse_F,calc = #VALUE! ºC
Diff_hf = #VALUE! tse_F,ass = 99.21 ºC

Replace assumed value with the Dtse,F = #VALUE! K

calculated value until a good
agreement is obtained
#VALUE!

3.- Global heat transfer coefficient "UoF"

Function U_Factor_UoF_LFmm_sFmm_NFpm_dn_SCH_LPmm_te_Vms_PabsBar(LFmm, sFm

UoF: factor of a finned pipe, referred to the outside surface

Heat transfer in an air cooled finned pipe.
Carbon steel pipe and fins.
Fins of rectangular profile
Condensing saturated steam in pipe

U factor U= U_Factor_UoF_LFmm_sFmm_NFpm_d
Fin length LF = 20 mm
Fin thickness sF = 6 mm
Number of fins per meter Nfpm = 50 -
Pipe nominal diameter dn = 6 in
Pipe schedule Sch = 40 -
Pipe length LP = 500 mm
Exterior ambient temperature te = 15 ºC
Exterior fluid velocity Vms = 5 m/s
Saturated syeam pressure PabsBar = 8 bar
U= #VALUE! W/(m²*K)
 Initial assumptions for the finned pipe
Fluid : Saturated steam
side temperature ti = 160 ºC Assumed outside pipe surface temperature
ass flow rate mkgMin = 2 kg/min tse_FP,ass = 99.2
(assumed in page 7)
Fluid : air Assumed inside pipe surface temperature
xterior ambient temperatur te = 26.85 ºC tsi_FP,ass = 100.6
Vms = 1.2 m/s (assumed in page 7)

eight above sea level H= 540 m.a.s.l. Initial assumptions for the bare pipe

Assumed outside pipe surface temperature

tse_BP,ass = 129.9
(assumed in page 7)
Assumed inside pipe surface temperature
tsi_BP,ass = 130.6
(assumed in page 7)

Kelv = 273.15

Pressures Air velocity

Vkmh =
Atmospheric pressure
patm = 1.01325 * (1 - 0.0000225577 * H) ^ 5.25588
H= 540 m.a.s.l.
patm = 0.950 bar Pipe thermal conductivy
kP_p=
Case steam as inside fluid tp_Fp_ave =
psteam = psat_t kP_p =
ti = 160.0 ºC
psteam = #VALUE! kPa Average fin temperature
psteam = #VALUE! bar (from sheet Equations)
tF,ave =
Steam gauge pressure te =
Pbar_g = Pbar - Patm hf =
Pbar = #VALUE! bar tse =
patm = 0.950 bar tF,ave =
Pbar_g = #VALUE! bar(g)
Fin thermal conductivy
kf =
tf,ave =
kf =

Fin dimensions Outside bare pipe surface area

Fin interior radious Ao = 2 * p * rop * L
rif_mm = rop_mm rop = 0.025
rop_mm = 25 mm Lp = 1.5
rif_mm = 25 mm Ao = 0.2356
rif_mm = 0.025 m Primary area
Fin outside radious Pipe exterior surface not covered by fins
rof_mm = rif_mm+ Lf_mm Apr = 2 * p * rop * ( Lp - Nf * sf)
rif_mm = 25.0 mm rop = 0.025
Lf_mm = 20.0 mm Lp = 1.5
rof_mm = 45.0 mm Nf = 50.0
rof = 0.045 m sf = 0.006
Corrected fin length Apr = 0.188
Lf_c_mm = Lf_mm + sf_mm / 2 Surface area of one fin, both sides
Lf_mm = 20.0 mm Af_1 = (p * (rof_c^2 - r
sf_mm = 6.0 mm rof_c = 0.048
Lf_c_mm = 23 mm rif = 0.025
Lf_c = 0.023 m Af_1 = 0.0105
Corrected outside radious Total fin area of a pipe
rof_c_mm = rof_mm + sf_mm / 2 Af = Nf * Af_1
rof_mm = 45 mm Nf = 50.0
 sf_mm = 6.0 mm Af_1 = 0.0105
rof_c_mm = 48.0 mm Af = 0.527
rof_c = 0.048 m

te, Vms
sf
kF
kp

dop P
ti = tsat
dip

sp tsi

Lf
tb = tse

Lp

Finned pipe with Nfpm fins per metre

Fin efficiency using the VBA

function
mm_RabsMM_pSatBarGauge_Hasl_mKgMin hf = Efficiency_..
riFmm = 25.00 mm
LFmm = 20.00 mm
sFmm = 6.00 mm
kWmK = 50.87 W/m*K
hoWm2K = #VALUE! W/m²*K
hf = #VALUE!
hf = Efficiency_riFmm_LFmm_sFmm_kWmK_hoWm2K

1a.- Pipe fin factor Ff

Ff= (Apr/Ao) +( Af /Ao)* hf
 Apr = 0.188 m²
Ao = 0.236 m²
Af = 0.527 m²
hf = #VALUE!
Ff= #VALUE! -

Pipe fin factor Ff

Ff= (Apr/Ao) +( Af /Ao)* hf
Apr : Primary area (Pipe exterior surface no covered by fins)
Ao : Outside bare pipe surface area
Af : Total fin area of a pipe
hf : Fin efficiency

Global heat transfer coefficient for Ratio of heat flows

a bare pipe, referred to the exterior qf =
surface qbare =

1 qf / qbare =
U ebare =
1 ro ro
( )
ro 1
⋅ + ⋅ln +
hi r i k p r i ho

Uebare = ( (1/hi ) * (ro/ri) + (ro/kP ) * ln(ro/ri ) + (1/ho) )^(-1)

hi = #VALUE! W/(m²*K)
ro = 0.025 m
ri = 0.019 m
kBP,ass = 49.7 W/(m*K)
ho = #VALUE! W/(m²*K)

Uebare = #VALUE! W/(m²*K)

Heat flow rate through the finned pipe

qfbare = Ao * Uebare * Dt
Ao = 0.2356 m²
Uebare = #VALUE! W/(m²*K)
Dt = 133.2 K
qbare = #VALUE! W Solution

Finned pipe Bare pipe

Interior pipe surface temperature Exterior surface temperature
qf = Ai *hi *(ti - tsi_F) qbare = Ae *he*(tse_B - te)
tsi_F,calc = ti - qf/(Ai*hi) tse_B,calc = qf/(Ae*he) +te
 ti = 160.0 ºC te = 26.85 ºC
qf = #VALUE! W/(m²*K) qbare = #VALUE! W
Ai = 0.1791 m² Ae = 0.2356 m²
hi = #VALUE! W/(m²*K) he = #VALUE! W/(m²*K)

tsi_F,calc = #VALUE! ºC tse_B,calc = #VALUE! ºC

tsi_F,ass = 100.6276631 ºC tse_B,ass = 129.8665748 ºC
Dtsi,F = tse,calc -tse,ass Dtse,B = tse,calc -tse,ass
tsi_F,calc = #VALUE! ºC tse_B,calc = #VALUE! ºC
tsi_F,ass = 100.63 ºC tse_B,ass = 129.87 ºC

Dtsi,F = #VALUE! K Dtse,B = #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE!

ms_PabsBar(LFmm, sFmm, Nfpm, dn, sch, LPmm, te, Vms, PabsBar)

F_LFmm_sFmm_NFpm_dn_SCH_LPmm_te_Vms_PabsBar(LFmm, sFmm, Nfpm, dn, sch, LPmm, te, Vms, PabsBar)

 Page 1 of 7

ions for the finned pipe

ide pipe surface temperature

ºC

de pipe surface temperature

ºC

ions for the bare pipe

ide pipe surface temperature

ºC

de pipe surface temperature

ºC

Page 2 of 7

4.3 km/h
Pipe thermal conductivy
54 - 0.0333 * tp.ave
99.9 ºC
50.7 W/( m*K)

Average fin temperature

(from sheet Equations)
te * (1 - hF) + tse * hF
26.85 ºC
0.93 -
99.9 ºC
94.8 ºC

Fin thermal conductivy

54 - 0.0333 * tf,ave
94.8 ºC
50.8 W/( m*K)

Page 3 of 7
pipe surface area
2 * p * rop * Lp
m
m
m²

urface not covered by fins

2 * p * rop * ( Lp - Nf * sf)
m
m
-
m
m²
of one fin, both sides
(p * (rof_c^2 - rif^2)) * 2
m
m
m²
 m²
m²

Page 4 of 7

Page 5 of 7

_LFmm_sFmm_kWmK_hoWm2K
e exterior surface no covered by fins)

Page 6 of 7
Ratio of heat flows
#VALUE! W
#VALUE! W
#VALUE! -

Microsoft Equation
3.0

Page 7 of 7

Interior surface temperature

qbare = Ai *hi*(ti - tsi_B)
tsi_B,calc = ti - qf/(Ai*hi)
 ti = 160 ºC
qbare = #VALUE! W
Ai = 0.1791 m²
he = #VALUE! W/(m²*K)

tsi_B,calc = #VALUE! ºC
tsi_B,ass = 130.5814484 ºC
Dtsi,B = tse,calc -tse,ass
tsi_B,calc = #VALUE! ºC
tsi_B,ass = 130.58 ºC

Dtsi,B = #VALUE!

#VALUE!

m, te, Vms, PabsBar)

 1.- Finned pipe
Example 3.8 5 [1] Fin length
Lf =
Data Lf =

Pipe Number of fins per meter

Pipe material Matp = AL 2024-T Nfpm =
Pipe outside diameter dop = 50 mm Nf =
Pipe wall thickness sp = 6 mm Lf =
Pipe length Lp = 150 mm Nfpm =
Fins
Fin material Matf = AL 2024-T Pipe dimensions
Fin section type Sectionf = rectangular rop=
Fin length Lf mm = 20.0 mm rop=
Fin thickness sf = 6.0 mm Pipe wall thickness
Fin thermal conductivity kf = 186.0 W/(m*K) sp =
Number of fins Nf = 5 fins sp =
Pipe interior radius
Outside convection coeff. ho = 50 W/m²*K rip =
Base temperature Tb = 500 K rip =
Outside temperature Tinf = 300 K rip =
Pipe length
1a Required: Pipe fin factor Ff = Lp =
Obtain fin efficiency from Figure 3.19 Lp =

Outside bare pipe surface area Total fin area of a pipe

Ao = 2 * p * rop * Lp Af = Nf * Af_1
rop = 0.025 m Nf = 5.0
Lp = 0.15 m Af_1 = 0.0105 m²
Ao = 0.0236 m² Af = 0.053

Primary area
Pipe exterior surface not covered by fins
Apr = 2 * p * rop * ( Lp - Nf * sf)
rop = 0.025 m
Lp = 0.15 m
Nf = 5.0 -
sf = 0.006 m
Apr = 0.019 m²/ tubo

Surface area of one fin, both sides

Af_1 = (p * (rof_c^2 - rif^2)) * 2
 rof_c = 0.04800 m
rif = 0.02500 m
Af_1 = 0.0105 m²

1b Heat flows with finned

and bare pipes
Maximum heat flow from both sides
and top of a fin
Heat flow throug the primary area qmax = 2 * h * p*(r2c^2 - ri^2 )*(Tb - Tinf)
qpr = h * Apr * (Tb - Tinf) h= 50 W / (m²*k)
h= 50 W/(m²*K) r2c = 0.048 m
Apr = 0.019 m² rif = 0.025 m
Tb = 500 K Tb = 500 K
Tinf = 300 K Tinf = 300 K
qpr = 188.5 W qmax = 105.49 W

Surface area of one fin, both sides Heat flow through a finn
Af_1 = (p * (rof_c^2 - rif^2)) * 2 q1f = hf * qmax
rof_c = 0.048 m hf = 0.95 -
rif = 0.025 m qmax = 105.49 W
Af_1 = 0.0105 m² q1f = 100.2 w

Total finned area of a pipe Heat flow throgh all finns

Af = (Nfpm * Lp) * Af_1 qfins = q1f * N
Nfpm = 33.3 fins/m q1f = 100.2 W
Lp = 0.15 m N= 5 -
Af_1 = 0.0105 m² qfins = 501.1 W
Af = 0.053

2.- Ratio of finned to bare pipes heat flow

rates using the Global Transfer Coefficients Finned pipe U-factor, referred to
exterior surface
Since Incropera consideres the system starting 1/Uo,f = (1/hi) * (ro/ri) + ( ro / kp) *
with the pipe outside surface Tb, and the U-factor ... Ln(ro/ri)+ +1 / (
is defined between the inside fluid temperature hi = 1.0E+08
and the outside temperature, the inside convection rop = 0.025
and pipe conduction resistances must be forced rip = 0.019
to have near zero values. Thus, large values of the kp = 1.0E+04
interior convection and pipe conductivity need to ho = 50.0
be used. Ff= 2.93
Let 1 /Uo,f = 0.006834
Inside convection coeff. Uo,f = 146.32
hi = 1.0E+06 W/m²*K
Pipe thermal conductivity Heat flow through the finned pipe
kp = 1.0E+04 W/(m*K) qF = Uo,f * Ao * (ti - te)
Uo,f = 146.32
Ao = 0.0236
Tb = 500
Tinf = 300
qF = 690

3.- Heat flow rate of bare and finned pipe

Solution using the VBA "Efficiency function"

Data Incropera example [1] Number of fins per meter

Nfpm =
Pipe
Pipe material Matp = AL 2024-T Pipe dimensions
Pipe outside diameter dop = 50 mm rop=
Pipe wall thickness sp = 6 mm rop=
Pipe length Lp = 150 mm Pipe wall thickness
sp =
Fins sp =
Fin material Matf = AL 2024-T Pipe interior radius
Fin section type Sectionf = rectangular rip =
Fin length Lf = 20 mm rip =
Fin thickness sf = 6 mm rip =
Fin thermal conductivity k= 186 W/(m*K) Pipe length
Number of fins Nf = 5 - Lp =
Lp =
Outside convection coeff. ho = 50 W/m²*K

Base temperature Tb = 500 K

Outside temperature Tinf = 300 K
Outside pipe surface area Total fin area of a pipe
Ao = 2 * p * rop * Lp Af = (Nfpm * Lp) * Af_1
rop = 0.025 m Nfpm = 33.3 fins/m
Lp = 0.15 m Lp = 0.15 m
Ao = 0.0236 m² Af_1 = 0.0105 m²
Af = 0.053
Primary area
Pipe exterior surface not covered by fins Fin efficiency using the VBA
Apr = 2 * p * rop * ( Lp - Nf * sf) function
rop = 0.025 m hf = Efficiency_..
Lp = 0.15 m riFmm = 25.00 mm
Nf = 5.0 - LFmm = 20.0 mm
sf = 0.006 m sFmm = 6.0 mm
Apr = 0.019 m²/ tubo kWmK = 186.0 W/m*K
hoWm2K = 50.0 W/m²*K
Surface area of one fin, both sides hf = #VALUE!
Af_1 = (p * (rof_c^2 - rif^2)) * 2
rof_c = 0.04800 m
rif = 0.02500 m
Af_1 = 0.0105 m²

hf = Efficiency_riFmm_LFmm_sFmm_kWmK_ho

Heat flow through a finn

q1f = hf * qmax Total heat flow of finned pipe
hf = #VALUE! - qF = qpr + qfins
qmax = 105.49 W qpr = 188.5 W
q1f = #VALUE! w qfins = #VALUE! W
qF = #VALUE! W
Heat flow through all finns
qfins = q1f * N Heat flow through a pipe
q1f = #VALUE! W without fins (bare pipe)
N= 5 - qbare = h * Ao * (Tb - Tinf)
qfins = #VALUE! W h= 50 W / (m²*k)
Ao = 0.0236 m²
Tb = 500 K
Tinf = 300 K
qbare = 236 W

Ratio qF / qbare
qF = #VALUE! W
 qbare = 236 W
qF / qbare = #VALUE! -

4.- Heat flow rate of a finned pipe

Solution using the VBA Uo,F function Finned pipe U-factor, referred to
exterior surface
Since Incropera consideres the system starting 1/Uo,f = (1/hi) * (ro/ri) + ( ro / kp) *
with the pipe outside surface Tb, and the U-factor ... Ln(ro/ri)+ +1 / ( Ff*ho)
is defined between the inside fluid temperature hi = 1.0E+08
and the outside temperature, the inside convection rop = 0.02500
and pipe conduction resistances must be forced rip = 0.01900
to have near zero values. Thus, large values of the kp = 1.0E+04
interior convection and pipe conductivity need to Ff= #VALUE!
be used. ho = 50.0
Let 1 /Uo,f = #VALUE!
Inside convection coeff. Uo,f = #VALUE!
hi = 1.0E+06 W/m²*K
Pipe thermal conductivity Heat flow through the finned pipe
kp = 1.0E+04 W/(m*K) qF = Uo,f * Ao * (ti - te)
Uo,f = #VALUE!
The function Uo,F uses the value 0.979, Ao = 0.0236
obtained using the "Efficiency finction". Tb = 500
Tinf = 300
Incropera result is 690 W due to the value qF = #VALUE!
of the efficiency of 0.95 used.

Uo,F = Uoext_doPmm_sPmm_LPmm_
 Fin dimensions Corrected fin length
Lfmm/1000 Fin interior radious Lf_c =
0.02 m rif = rop Lf =
rop = 25 mm sf =
Number of fins per meter rif = 25 mm Lf_c =
Nf / Lf rif = 0.025 m Lf_c =
5 fins Fin outside radious
0.02 m rof = rif + Lf Corrected outside radious
33 fins / m rif = 25.0 m rof_c =
Lf = 20.0 mm rof =
Pipe dimensions rof = 45.0 mm sf =
25 mm rof = 0.045 m rof_c =
0.025 m rof_c =
Pipe wall thickness
6.0 mm
0.006 m
Pipe interior radius
rop - sp
19.0 mm These Incropera calculations and
0.019 m be viwed in the scanned example
Incropera.pdf
150 mm Kelv =
0.15 m

Estimation of efficiency using Fig. 3.19 Efficiency

Ap_value From Fig. 3.19
Ap = Lf_c * sf with
Lp_c = 0.023 m ABsPar = 0.15
Lp_c = 0.006 m and
Ap = 1.38E-04 m² r2c / r1 = 1.92
From Incropera Fig. 3.19,
Abscise parameter hf = 0.95 -
AbsPar = (Lf_c)^(3/2) * ( h/(k * Ap) )^(1/2)
Lf_c = 0.023 m Pipe fin factor Ff
h= 50 W/m²*K Ff= (Apr/Ao) +( Af /Ao)* hf
k= 186.00 W/(m*K) Apr = 0.019 m²
Ap = 1.4E-04 m² Ao = 0.024 m²
ABsPar = 0.15 Af = 0.053 m²
hf = 0.950
Ratio r2c / r1 Ff= 2.9267 -
 r2c / r1 =
r2c = 48.0 mm For Nf = 0, Ff = 1
r1 = 25.0 mm
r2c / r1 = 1.92 -

Total heat flow of a finned pipe Fin factor Ff

qF = qpr + qfins Ff= (Apr/Ao) +( Af /Ao)* hf
qpr = 188.5 W Apr : Primary area (Pipe exterior surface no covered b
qfins = 501.10 W Ao : Outside bare pipe surface area

qF = 690 W Solution Af : Total fin area of a pipe

hf : Fin efficiency
Heat flow through a pipe
without fins (bare pipe)
qbare = h * Ao * (Tb - Tinf)
h= 50 W / (m²*k)
Ao = 0.0236 m²
Tb = 500 K
Tinf = 300 K Pipe fin factor Ff
qbare = 236 W Solution Ff= (Apr/Ao) +( Af /Ao)* hf
Apr = 0.019 m²
qF / qbare Ao = 0.024 m²
qF = 690 W Af = 0.053 m²
qbare = 236 W hf = 0.950
qF / qbare = 2.9267 - Ff= 2.9267 -

U-factor, referred to Bare tube U-factor, referred to Global u-factors referred to the exterio
the exterior surface
* (ro/ri) + ( ro / kp) * 1/Uo = (1/hi) * (ro/ri) + ( ro / kp) *… Finned pipe
.. Ln(ro/ri)+ +1 / ( Ff*ho) ... Ln(ro/ri)+ 1 / (ho) 1/Uo,f = (1/hi) * (ro/ri) + ( ro / kp) * Ln(ro/ri)+ +1 / (
W/(m²*K) hi = 1000000 W/m²*K
m rop= 0.0250 m Bare pipe
m rip = 0.0190 m 1/Uo = (1/hi) * (ro/ri) + ( ro / kp) * Ln(ro/ri)+ +1 / (h
 W / (m*K) kp = 10000 W/(m*K)
W/(m²*K) ho = 50 W/m²*K
-
1/Uo = 0.0200
W/m²*K Uo = 49.99 W/m²*K Ratio Uo,f / Uo
Uo,f = 146.32
ough the finned pipe Heat flow through the bare pipe Uo = 49.99
Uo,f * Ao * (ti - te) qbare = Uo * Ao * (ti - te) Uo,f / Uo = 2.9267
W/m²*K Uo = 49.99 W/m²*K
m² Ao = 0.0236 m² Ratio qF /qbare
K Tb = 500 K qF = 690
K Tinf = 300 K qbare = 236
W qbare = 236 W qF /qbare = 2.9267

Number of fins per meter Corrected outside radious Fin dimensions

33 fins / m rof_c = rof + sf/2 Fin interior radious
rof = 45 mm rif =
Pipe dimensions sf = 6.0 mm rot =
25 mm rof_c = 48.0 mm rif =
0.025 m rof_c = 0.048 m rif =
Pipe wall thickness Fin outside radious
6.0 mm Corrected fin length rof =
0.006 m Lf_c = Lf + sf/2 rif =
Pipe interior radius Lf = 20.0 mm Lf =
rop - sp sf = 6.0 mm rof =
19.0 mm Lf_c = 23 mm rof =
0.019 m Lf_c = 0.023 m

150 mm
0.15 m
 Fin factor Ff
Ff= (Apr/Ao) +( Af /Ao)* hf
Apr = 0.019 m²
Ao = 0.024 m²
Af = 0.053 m²
hf = #VALUE! Total fin area of a pipe
Ff= #VALUE! - Af = (Nfpm * Lp) * Af_1
Nfpm = 33.3 fins/m
Heat flow throug the primary area Lp = 0.15 m
qpr = h * Apr * (Tb - Tinf) Af_1 = 0.0105 m²
h= 50 W/(m²*K) Af = 0.053
Apr = 0.019 m²
Tb = 500 K Maximum heat flow from both sides
Tinf = 300 K and top of a fin
qpr = 188.5 W qmax = h * 2 p*(r2c^2 - ri^2 )*(Tb - Tinf)
Solution h= 50 W / (m²*k)
Surface area of one fin, both sides r2c = 0.048 m
Af_1 = (p * (rof_c^2 - rif^2)) * 2 rif = 0.025 m
rof_c = 0.048 m Tb = 500 K
rif = 0.025 m Tinf = 300 K
Af_1 = 0.0105 m² qmax = 105.49 W

mm_LFmm_sFmm_kWmK_hoWm2K

Solution

Solution
 Fin factor Ff
Ff= #VALUE! -

U-factor, referred to Bare tube U-factor, referred to Using the Uo,F function
the exterior surface Uo,F = Uoext_doPmm_sPmm_...
* (ro/ri) + ( ro / kp) * 1/Uo = (1/hi) * (ro/ri) + ( ro / kp) * doPmm = 50
.. Ln(ro/ri)+ +1 / ( Ff*ho) ... Ln(ro/ri)+ 1 / (ho) sPmm = 6.00
W/(m²*K) hi = 1000000 W/m²*K LPmm = 150
m rop= 0.0250 m kPWmk = 1.0E+04
m rip = 0.0190 m LFmm = 20.0
W / (m*K) kp = 10000.0 W/(m*K) sFmm = 6.0
- ho = 50 W/m²*K kFWmK = 1.9E+02
W/(m²*K) 1/Uo = 0.0200 NFpm = 33
Uo = 50.0 W hoWm2K = 50
W/m²*K hiWm2L = 1.0E+06
Uo,F = #VALUE!
ough the finned pipe Heat flow through bare pipe
Uo,f * Ao * (ti - te) qbare = Uo * Ao * (ti - te) Heat flow through finned pipe
W/m²*K Uo,f = 49.99 W/m²*K q= Uo,f * Ao * (ti - te)
m² Ao = 0.0236 m² Uo,f = #VALUE!
K Tb = 500 K Ao = 0.0236
K Tinf = 300 K Tb = 500
W qbare = 236 W Tinf = 300
q= #VALUE!

Uoext_doPmm_sPmm_LPmm_kPWmK_LFmm_sFmm_kFWmK_Nfpm_hoWm2K_hiWm2K
 #REF!
1

orrected fin length

Lf + sf/2
20.0 mm
6.0 mm
23 mm
0.023 m

orrected outside radious

rof + sf/2
45 mm
6.0 mm
48.0 mm
0.048 m

ese Incropera calculations and results can

viwed in the scanned example on sheet

273.15 K

Solution
 3

e exterior surface no covered by fins)

rs referred to the exterior surface

/ri) + ( ro / kp) * Ln(ro/ri)+ +1 / ( Ff*ho)

ri) + ( ro / kp) * Ln(ro/ri)+ +1 / (ho)

 W/m²*K
W/m²*K
-

W
W
- Solution

n dimensions
n interior radious
rot
25 m
25 mm
0.025 m
n outside radious
rif + Lf
25 m
20.0 m
45.0 mm
0.045 m
6

7
 8

oext_doPmm_sPmm_...
mm
mm
mm
W/(m*K)
mm
mm
W/(m*K)
fin/m
W/(m²*K)
W/(m²*K)
W/m²*K

,f * Ao * (ti - te)
W/m²*K
m²
K
K
W Solution
[1], pages 108 - 110
Fin efficiency

[5], figure 3.19

 U factor with exterior resistances in parallel

a.- Case of only one exterior resistance

1
ln
()
re
ri 1
hi⋅A i 2⋅π⋅k⋅ L he⋅A e

b.- Case of two exterior resistances in parallel with a

common exterior node.
This configuration is the case of finned tubes

1
R prm =
he⋅A prm
1
hi⋅A i
ln
( )
re
ri
2⋅π⋅k⋅ L

t2 te
ti t1

1
Rsec=
η⋅he⋅A sec

Inside convection resistance The equivalent exterior res

1 1 1 1
Rconv ,int = = +
h i⋅Ai Rext,f R prm R sec
Pipe conduction resistance 1 1 1
= +
( )
r ep Rext,f 1 1
ln
r ip he⋅A prm η⋅he⋅A sec
Rpipe =
2⋅π⋅k p⋅L 1
 ext,f prm sec
Pipe conduction resistance 1 1 1
= +
( )
r ep Rext,f 1 1
ln
r ip he⋅A prm η⋅he⋅A sec
Rpipe =
2⋅π⋅k p⋅L 1
=he⋅A prm +η⋅h e⋅A sec
Case of finned tubes where the outer surface Rext,f
is divided in two surfaces, as detailed above 1
Rext,f =
he⋅A prm +η⋅he⋅A sec
Primary resistance
1
R prm = (Eq . a )
h e⋅A prm
S econdary resistance
1
Rsec= (Eq . b )
η⋅h e⋅A sec
Microsoft Editor de
ecuaciones 3.0

Ae
Uf =

( )
r ep
ln
Ae r ip 1 Ae
+ A e⋅ + ⋅
hi⋅A i 2⋅π⋅k p⋅ L he ¿ A prm + η⋅A sec

Ae
Uf =

( )
r ep
ln
1 r ep A e r ep r ip 1 1
⋅ + ⋅ ⋅ + ⋅
hi r ip 2⋅π⋅ L r ep k p he A prm A sec
+ η⋅
Ae Ae
and defining the fin factor as
A prm A sec
Φ= +η⋅ (d )
 ⋅ + ⋅ ⋅ + ⋅
hi r ip 2⋅π⋅ L r ep k p he A prm A sec
+ η⋅
Ae Ae
and defining the fin factor as
A prm A sec
Φ= +η⋅ (d )
Ae Ae
Ae
Uf =
1 r ep A e
( )
r ep r ep 1 1
⋅ + ⋅ ⋅ln + ⋅
hi r ip 2⋅π⋅r e⋅ L k p r ip he Φ

Effectivity Primary surface

The effectivity of a fin is defined as The primary surface of a f
the ratio of the heat transfered of a is the surface of the tube t
finned tube Q f to the heat transfered covered by the fins
of a bare tube Q b
Qf Secondary surface
εf= (e )
Qb The secondary surface of
where is the surface of all fins, w
Qf :heat transfered by the fined tube considered both sides and
Qb :heat transfered by the bare tube asociated to the top of the
Microsoft Equation
3.0
Total heat transfered by a

The heat transfered by the

tube is the sum of the hea
through the primary and s
surfaces
Qf =Q prm +Q sec
 The heat transfered by the
tube is the sum of the hea
through the primary and s
surfaces
Qf =Q prm +Q sec

Replacing equations Heat transfered by

Qprm =h⋅A prm⋅Δt (g ) Qb = A e⋅h⋅Δt
and where Ao is the s
Qsec=h⋅A sec⋅Δt⋅η f (h ) bare tube .
into equation Replacing equatio
Qf =Q prm +Q sec (f ) Qf =h⋅A prm⋅Δt +h
on obtains and
Qf =h⋅A prm⋅Δt +h⋅A sec⋅Δt⋅ηf ( j) Qb = A e⋅h⋅Δt
into the equation
Microsoft Equation Qf
εf=
3.0

Qb
 Average fin temperature

Estimated average fin temperature

Maximum heat flow from both sides

and top of a fin
q max =2⋅h⋅π⋅(r 2 -r 2 )⋅(t Pe -te )
Fe,c Fi

2
h: exterior pipe convection W/ (m ⋅K )
r Fe,c : corrected fin exterior radius (m )
r Fi : fin interior radius (m)
t Pe : exterior pipe temperature (ºC)
t e : exterior ambient temperature ( ºC)
Microsoft Equation
3.0

Heat flow from fluid to ambient through a cylinder

Heat flow from fluid to ambient

Heat flow from fluid to inside surface

q = h i⋅A i⋅( t i −t si ) Eq. ( 1)

Heat flow from pipe inside surface

to exterior surface
2⋅π⋅k⋅ L
q= ⋅( t si−t se ) Eq. ( 2)
 q = h i⋅A i⋅( t i −t si ) Eq. ( 1)

Heat flow from pipe inside surface

to exterior surface
2⋅π⋅k⋅ L
q= ⋅( t si−t se ) Eq. ( 2)
r
ln o
( )
ri

Heat flow from foutside surface

to ambient
q = h o⋅A o⋅( t se −t e ) Eq . ( 3 )

From equations ( 1 ) to ( 3)
q
t i−t si = Eq . ( 1 a)
hi⋅A i
q
t si −t se= Eq . ( 2 a )
2⋅π⋅k⋅ L

ln
( )
ro
ri Microsoft Equation
3.0

U factor of a hollow cylinder referred to inside and outside surfaces

1
U= U factor of a finned
( )
ro
ln
1 ri 1 Uo,f =
+ + 1 ro ro
hi⋅A i 2⋅π⋅k⋅ L h o⋅A o ⋅ + ⋅l
hi⋅¿ r i ki
q=U⋅( t i −t o )
Ap Af
Φf = + ⋅η
Ao Ao
U factor referred to the inside surface area

1 q=U o,f⋅A o⋅Δ t

U i=
1 ri
( )
ro ri 1
+ ⋅ln + ⋅
hi k ri r o ho
U factor of a bare tube re
q=U i⋅A i⋅( t i −t o ) outside area

U factor referred to the outside surface area 1

U o=
1 ro ro
⋅ + ⋅ln
hi⋅¿ r i k i
 1
U o=
1 ro ro
1 ⋅ + ⋅ln
U o= hi⋅¿ r i k i
1 r0
( )
ro ro 1
⋅ +ln ⋅ +
hi r i ri k ho

q=U o⋅A o⋅( t i−t o )

Fourier law for stady-state witout heat generation

applied to a hollow cylinder

Fourier law applied to a hollow cylinder

dt
q r =-k⋅Ar⋅
dr
A r =2⋅π⋅r⋅ L
dt
q r =-k⋅2⋅π⋅r⋅ L⋅
dr
Boundary conditions
t =t i at r = r i
t =t o at r = r o
i: inside
o:outside
q dr dt
⋅ =-
k⋅2⋅π⋅ L r dr
r t
o o
q dr
∫ k⋅2⋅π⋅ L ⋅r =−∫ dt
r i
t i

q ro to
⋅ln (r )| =t |
r t
r t
o o
q dr
∫ k⋅2⋅π⋅ L r =−∫ dt
⋅
r i
t i

q ro to
⋅ln (r )|r =t |t Microsoft Equation

k⋅2⋅π⋅ L i i 3.0

Convection boundary conditions Overall heat tran

q conv =h⋅A⋅( t w −t ∞ ) hollow cylinder
q conv : convection heat flow [ W ] t i−t o
q=
2
h: convection coefficient [ W/ ( m *K ) ] Rtot
t w : wall surface temperature [|C ° ] where R tot is t
t ∞ : ambient temperature [|C ° ] Rtot = R conv_i +
( t w −t ∞ ) and
q conv = 1
1 Rconv_i =
hi⋅A i
h⋅A
where the convection resistance is
Rconv =
1
Rcond =
ln
( ) ro
ri
h⋅A 2⋅π⋅k⋅ L
and 1
Rconv_o =
( t w −t ∞ ) ho⋅A o
q conv =
Rconv

Microsoft Editor de
ecuaciones 3.0
Rtot =
1
+
ln
(
hi⋅A i 2⋅π
U-factor referred to the interior pipe surface

The heat flow is U=

1
q=U⋅( t i −t o )
( )
ro
ln
U factor referred to the inside surface 1 ri
+
q=
U
[ ]
Ai
⋅A i⋅( t i−t o )
hi⋅A i 2⋅π⋅k⋅

1
and with U=

U i=
U 1 Ai
+ ⋅
ln
(
Ai hi⋅A i Ai 2⋅π
q=U i⋅A i⋅( t i −t o )
Ai
U=

[ (
ro
ln
Microsoft Equation
3.0
1 Ai ri
+ ⋅
hi 1 2⋅π⋅k

The heat flow is

q=U⋅( t i −t o )

U factor referred to the outside surface

q=
U
[ ]
Ao
⋅A o⋅( ti −t o )
U factor referred to the outside surface
q=
[ ]
U
⋅A ⋅( t −t )
Ao o i o
and with

U
U o=
Ao
q=Uo⋅A o⋅( t i −t o )

Microsoft Equation
3.0
 Total heat flow from exterior surfaces to the exterior It is assumed that the convection
ambient. coefficient is constant for all exter
In the case of a finned tube, the primary flow is the flow surfaces. The total heat leaving
from the unfinned free surface of the tube to the exterior surface 2 and reaching the exter
ambient and the secondary flow is the flow from the fin ambient is
surfaces to the exterior ambient. The total flow is the Q=
sum of a primary and a secondary flows. where "Qprm" is the primary flow
Qprm =
These two flows flow in parallel from the average Qprm =
temperature of the fins, in one case, and from the and with
temperature of the tube (base temperature) to the Rprm =
temperature of the ambient. Since the fin's average Qpmr =
temperature is less than the base temperature,
one makes use of a correction to the temperature and "Qsec" is the secondary flow.
difference and this becomes h * (t2 - te) where h Qsec =
is the fin's efficiency. Qsec =
Rsec =
Exterior resistance, a combination of two Qsec =
parallel resistances

e equivalent exterior resistance is Resistance of the finned pipe

1 1 Rf = Rconv ,int + R pipe + Rext,f
= +
( )
r ep
t,f R prm R sec ln
1 1 1 r ip 1
= + Rf = + +
hi⋅A i 2⋅π⋅k p⋅ L he⋅A prm + η⋅h e⋅A sec
t,f 1 1
he⋅A prm η⋅he⋅A sec 1
Uf =
Rf
t,f

=
1
prm sec

+
1 Rf =
1
+
ln
r ip ( )
+
1
hi⋅A i 2⋅π⋅k p⋅ L he⋅A prm + η⋅h e⋅A sec
t,f 1 1
he⋅A prm η⋅he⋅A sec 1
Uf =
Rf
=he⋅A prm +η⋅h e⋅A sec 1
Uf =

( )
t,f r
1 ln ep
t,f = ( Eq . c ) 1 r ip 1
he⋅A prm +η⋅he⋅A sec + +
hi⋅A i 2⋅π⋅k p⋅ L he⋅A prm + η⋅h e⋅Asec
Microsoft Editor de

t i−t e
ecuaciones 3.0

q f =U f⋅( t i −t e ) =
Rf

( )
r ep
ln

[ ]
1 r ip 1 1
Rf = + + ⋅
hi⋅A i 2⋅π⋅k p⋅ L he A prm +η⋅A sec

Ae Heat flow rated thro

Uf = Qfinned =U finned⋅A e⋅(
1 r ep r ep
( )
r ep 1

[
⋅ + ⋅ln + W
hi r ip k p r ip he⋅Φ where U finned 2

{ }
sec m ⋅K
1
U f = A e⋅ is the finned U-fact
1 r ep r ep
( )
r ep 1 to the exterior pipe
⋅ + ⋅ln +
hi r ip k p r ip he⋅Φ A e =2⋅π⋅r ep⋅L p
Letting 1
Ufinned =

{ }
A sec 1 1 r ep r
+ η⋅ U fin = ⋅ +
hi r ip k
( )
Ae
1 r ep r ep r ep 1
⋅ + ⋅ln + Φ is the fin factor
hi r ip k p r ip he⋅Φ
(d ) A prm A sec
 { }
finned
A sec 1 1 r ep r
+ η⋅ U fin = ⋅ +
hi r ip k
( )
Ae
1 r ep r ep r ep 1
⋅ + ⋅ln + Φ is the fin factor
hi r ip k p r ip he⋅Φ
(d ) A prm A sec
U f =U fined⋅A e Φ= +η⋅
Ae Ae
and from r ep :exterior pipe ra
Qfinned =U f⋅( t i−t e ) r ip :interior pipe rad
Qfinned =U finned⋅A e⋅( t i−t e ) L p :pipe length [m
Microsoft Editor de
ecuaciones 3.0 Microsoft Equation
3.0

imary surface where the primary heat flow

he primary surface of a finned tube Qprm =h⋅A prm⋅Δt
the surface of the tube that is not
and the secondary heat flow
vered by the fins
Qsec=h⋅A sec⋅Δt⋅η f
econdary surface with
he secondary surface of a finned tube h: convection coefficient , w
the surface of all fins, where shall be is considered to have a const
nsidered both sides and the surface value for all surfaces
ociated to the top of the fins Δ t: temperature difference be
surface of the tube t b ( base
otal heat transfered by a finned tube temperature ) and the temper
of the fluid t f
he heat transfered by the finned
be is the sum of the heat transfered
Δ t =t b −t f
rough the primary and secondary η f : is the fin efficiency, whic
rfaces that the temperature differenc
=Q prm +Q sec (f ) the fins is less than the value
he heat transfered by the finned
be is the sum of the heat transfered
Δ t =t b −t f
rough the primary and secondary η f : is the fin efficiency, whic
rfaces that the temperature differenc
=Q prm +Q sec (f ) Microsoft Equation
3.0
the fins is less than the value

Heat transfered by the bare tube one obtains

Qb = A e⋅h⋅Δt (k ) h⋅A prm⋅Δt+ h⋅Asec⋅Δt⋅η
εf=
where A o is the surface of the A e⋅h⋅Δt
bare tube . A prm + A sec⋅η f
εf=
Replacing equations Ae
Qf =h⋅A prm⋅Δt +h⋅A sec⋅Δt⋅ηf ( j) A prm A sec⋅ηf
and εf= +
Ae Ae
Qb = A e⋅h⋅Δt (k )
into the equation of the fin efficiency The fin factor was defined
Qf A prm A sec
εf= (e ) Φ= +η⋅
Qb Ae Ae
Thus, the fin efficiency ε f
fin factor Φ are equivalen
Microsoft Equation
3.0
 Heat flow through a fin
q1f =η F⋅q max
thus
q1f =2⋅h⋅π⋅(r 2 -r 2 )⋅(t Pe -t e )⋅η F
Fe,c Fi
and defining the average fin temperature
as
(t Pe -t e )⋅ηF =t F,ave -te
the fin average temperature is
t F,ave =t e+(t Pe -t e )⋅η F
t F,ave =t e+t Pe⋅η F -t e⋅ηF
t F,ave =t e⋅( 1−η F ) +t Pe⋅η F
Microsoft Equation
3.0

gh a cylinder

q
t se −t e= Eq . ( 3 a )
h o⋅A o

Addin g equations ( 1a ) to ( 3a )

[ ]
1 1 1
t i−t e= q⋅ + +
hi⋅A i 2⋅π⋅k⋅ L h o⋅A o

ln
ro
ri ( )
 Addin g equations ( 1a ) to ( 3a )

[ ]
1 1 1
t i−t e= q⋅ + +
hi⋅A i 2⋅π⋅k⋅ L h o⋅A o

ln
ro
ri ( )
t i−t e
q=
1 1 1
+ +
hi⋅A i 2⋅π⋅k⋅ L ho⋅A o

( )
r
ln o
ri
and with
1
U= Eq . ( 4 )

1
+
ln
+
1 ( )
ro
ri
hi⋅A i 2⋅π⋅k⋅ L h o⋅A o

q=U⋅( t i −t e ) Eq ( 5)

Microsoft Equation Microsoft Editor de

3.0 ecuaciones 3.0

and outside surfaces

U factor of a finned
1
Uo,f = ¿

( )
1 ro ro ro 1
⋅ + ⋅ln +
hi⋅¿ r i ki ri ho⋅Φ f

Ap Af
Φf = + ⋅η f
Ao Ao to
q
q=U o,f⋅A o⋅Δ t ti
k
r
ro ri
dr
U factor of a bare tube referred to the
outside area

1
U o= ¿
1 ro ro
( )
ro 1
⋅ + ⋅ln +
hi⋅¿ r i k i ri ho
 1
U o= ¿
1 ro ro
( )
ro 1
⋅ + ⋅ln +
hi⋅¿ r i k i ri ho

Microsoft Equation
3.0

q whith the therm

⋅( ln ( r o )−ln/ r i ) ) =( t o −t i )

()
k⋅2⋅π⋅ L ro
q ro ln
⋅ln ( )=( t o −t i ) ri
k⋅2⋅π⋅ L ri Rth =
2⋅π⋅k⋅ L⋅( t o −t i ) 2⋅π⋅k⋅ L
q=

( )
ro (t o −t i )
ln
ri q=
R th
2⋅π⋅k⋅ L
q= ⋅( t o −t i )

( )
ro
ln
ri
( t o −t i )
q=

( )
ro
ln
ri
2⋅π⋅k⋅ L
 ln
( )
o
ri
2⋅π⋅k⋅ L

Microsoft Equation Microsoft Equation

3.0 3.0

Overall heat transfer coefficient U of a and with

1
hollow cylinder with convection boundaries U=
R tot
t i−t o 1
q= U=
Rtot
( )
ro
ln
where R tot is the total resistance 1 ri 1
+ +
Rtot = R conv_i + R cond + R conv_o hi⋅A i 2⋅π⋅k⋅ L h
and and
1 Δt
q=
Rconv_i = R
hi⋅A i t −t
q= i o

Rcond =
ln
( ) ro
ri 1
+
ln
ri ( )
ro

+
1
2⋅π⋅k⋅ L hi⋅A i 2⋅π⋅k⋅ L ho
1
Rconv_o = and the U factor is
ho⋅A o 1
U=

( )
ro R tot
ln 1
1 ri 1 U=
Rtot = + +
hi⋅A i 2⋅π⋅k⋅ L h o⋅A o
1
+
ln
ro
ri ( )
+
1
Microsoft Editor de
ecuaciones 3.0
hi⋅A i 2⋅π⋅k⋅ L h

q=U⋅( t i −t o )
 1
U= Ai
( )
ro

[
U=
ln
1
+
ri
+
1
hi⋅A i 2⋅π⋅k⋅ L h o⋅A o 1 Ai
+ ⋅
ln
ro
ri ()
r A
⋅i+ i⋅
hi 1 2⋅π⋅r i⋅ L k A o
1 Ai
U= U=
( )
[ ]
ro
()
ln ro
1 Ai ri Ai 1 ln
+ ⋅ + ⋅ 1 ri ri 1
hi⋅A i Ai 2⋅π⋅k⋅ L A i ho⋅A o + + ⋅
hi k /r i ro ho
U
Ai U i=
U= Ai

[ ( )
]
ro 1
ln

[ ]
U i=
ri
1 Ai
()
ri A i 1 ro
+ ⋅ ⋅ + ⋅ ln
hi 1 2⋅π⋅k⋅ L ri A o ho ri ri 1
1
+ + ⋅
hi k /r i ro ho
Microsoft Equation
3.0

1 Ao
U=

[
U=
( )
ro
ln
1 ri 1 ln
+ +
hi⋅A i 2⋅π⋅k⋅ L h o⋅A o 1 ro
⋅ +
hi r i k
Ao U
U= U o=
r A
 1

Ao
+
i
+
1
hi⋅A i 2⋅π⋅k⋅ L h o⋅A o [ 1 ro
⋅ +
hi r i k
U
U= U o=

( )
ro Ao
ln
Ao Ao ri Ao 1 1
U o=

[
+ ⋅ + ⋅
hi⋅A i 1 2⋅π⋅k⋅ L 1 h o⋅A o
l
1 ro
Ao ⋅ +
hi r i k

[ ]
U=

1 ro A o
⋅ + ⋅
ln
ro
ri( ) ro 1
⋅ + q=Uo⋅A o⋅( t i −
hi r i 1 2⋅π⋅k⋅ L r o ho

Microsoft Equation
3.0
 Rev. cjc. 28.03.2016

assumed that the convection Rprm and Rsec are two resisteces in parallel
fficient is constant for all exterior working between the nodes "t 2" and "te".
aces. The total heat leaving The equivalent resistance between the two
ace 2 and reaching the exterior nodes is
1 / Rext = 1/Rprm + 1/Rsec
Qprm + Qsec and with
ere "Qprm" is the primary flow Rprm = 1/ (he * Aprm)
he * Aprm * (t2 - te) Rse = 1 / (1 / (h * he * Asec) )
(t2 - te) / ( 1/ (he * Aprm) 1 / Rext = (he * Aprm) + (h * he * Asec)
the exterior resistance is
1/ (he * Aprm) Eq. (a) Rext = 1 / [(he * Aprm) + (h * he * Asec)]
(t2 - te) / Rprm 1
Rext,f =
h e⋅A prm +η⋅he⋅A sec
d "Qsec" is the secondary flow.
h * he * Asec * (t2 - te) Total resistance
(t2 - te) / (1 / (h * he * Asec) )
1/(1 / (h * he * Asec) ) Eq. (b)
R=
1
+
r
ln e
ri()+
1
(t2 - te) / Rsec h i⋅Ai 2⋅π⋅k⋅ L he⋅A prm +η⋅he⋅A sec
Heat flow
t i −t e
Q=U⋅( t i−t e ) =
R
U factor
1
U=

()
re
ln
1 ri 1
+ + Microsoft Equation

hi⋅A i 2⋅π⋅k⋅ L h e⋅A prm +η⋅he⋅A sec 3.0

d pipe 1
Uf =

( )
xt,f r ep
ln
1 r ip 1
1 + +
+ hi⋅A i 2⋅π⋅k p⋅ L he⋅A prm + η⋅h e⋅Asec
he⋅A prm + η⋅h e⋅A sec

Multiplying numerator and denominator by A e

 1 r ip 1
1 + +
+ hi⋅A i 2⋅π⋅k p⋅ L he⋅A prm + η⋅h e⋅Asec
he⋅A prm + η⋅h e⋅A sec

Multiplying numerator and denominator by A e

1 Ae
1 Uf =

( )
+ r ep Ae
he⋅A prm + η⋅h e⋅Asec ln
1 r ip 1
+ +
hi⋅A i 2⋅π⋅k p⋅ L he⋅A prm + η⋅h e⋅Asec

Microsoft Editor de
ecuaciones 3.0

+
1 1
⋅
[
he A prm +η⋅A sec ]
Microsoft Editor de
ecuaciones 3.0

Heat flow rated through a finned pipe

Qfinned =U finned⋅A e⋅( t i−t e ) [W ]

where U finned 2
W
m ⋅K[ ]
is the finned U-factor referred
to the exterior pipe surface A e
A e =2⋅π⋅r ep⋅L p
1
U finned =
1 r ep r ep
⋅ + ⋅ln
hi r ip k p
r ep 1
+
r ip h e⋅Φ ( )
Φ is the fin factor
A prm A sec
 ( )
finned
1 r ep r ep r ep 1
⋅ + ⋅ln +
hi r ip k p r ip h e⋅Φ
Φ is the fin factor
A prm A sec
Φ= +η⋅
Ae Ae
r ep :exterior pipe radius [m ]
r ip :interior pipe radius [ m]
L p :pipe length [m ]

Microsoft Equation
3.0

he primary heat flow is

⋅A prm⋅Δt ( g)
secondary heat flow is
A sec⋅Δt⋅η f (h )

ction coefficient , which

dered to have a constant
r all surfaces
perature difference between
of the tube t b ( base
ture ) and the temperature
uid t f
−t f (i)
e fin efficiency, which consideres
temperature difference acting on
is less than the value of Δt
−t f (i)
e fin efficiency, which consideres
temperature difference acting on Microsoft Equation

is less than the value of Δt

3.0

tains
A prm⋅Δt+ h⋅Asec⋅Δt⋅η f
⋅h⋅Δt
rm + A sec⋅η f

rm A sec⋅ηf
+ (m)
Ae

n factor was defined as

rm A sec
+η⋅ (d )
Ae
he fin efficiency ε f and the
or Φ are equivalents
Microsoft Equation
3.0
Average fin temperature

t F,ave =t e⋅( 1−η F ) +t Pe⋅η F

tF,ave = te * (1 - hF) + tpe * hF

L
whith the thermal resistance
( t o −t i )

()
ro q=

( )
ro
ln ln
ri ri
Rth = 2⋅π⋅k⋅ L
2⋅π⋅k⋅ L

(t o −t i )
q=
R th

Microsoft Equation
3.0
and with
1 1
U= U=
R tot
( )
ro
ln
1 1 ri 1
U= + +

( )
ro hi⋅A i 2⋅π⋅k⋅ L h o⋅A o
ln
1 ri 1
+ +
hi⋅A i 2⋅π⋅k⋅ L h o⋅A o
and q=U⋅( t i −t o )
Δt
q=
R
t −t
q= i o

( )
ro
ln
1 ri 1
+ +
hi⋅A i 2⋅π⋅k⋅ L ho⋅A o

and the U factor is

1
U=
R tot
1
U=

1
+
ln
ro
ri ( )
+
1
hi⋅A i 2⋅π⋅k⋅ L h o⋅A o

q=U⋅( t i −t o ) Microsoft Equation

3.0
 q=U i⋅A i⋅( t i −t o )

()
]
ro 1
ln

[ ]
ri U i=
Ai r A 1
⋅ ⋅i+ i⋅
2⋅π⋅r i⋅ L k A o h o
1
+
()
ln
ro
ri ri 1
+ ⋅

]
hi k /r i r o ho
()
ro
n
ri ri 1
+ ⋅
/r i ro ho

()
]
ro
ln
ri ri 1
+ ⋅
k /r i ro ho Microsoft Equation
3.0

Ao

[ ]
U=

()
ro
ln
1 ro ri 1
⋅ + +
hi r i k /r o ho
U
U o=
A
 [ 1 ro
⋅ +
()
ri
hi r i k /r o
U
+
1
ho ]
U o=
Ao
1
U o=

[ ()
]
ro
ln
1 ro ri 1
⋅ + +
hi r i k /r o ho

q=Uo⋅A o⋅( t i −t o )

Microsoft Equation
3.0
 Rev. cjc. 28.03.2016
1 of 12

2 of 12

⋅Asec

or by A e
⋅Asec

or by A e

Ae
Ae

⋅Asec

Microsoft Editor de
ecuaciones 3.0

3 of 12
4 of 12
5 of 12

6 of 12
7 of 12
8 of 12
 9 of 12

−t i )

)
ro
ri
⋅k⋅ L
10 of 12

11 of 12
12 of 12
Finned pipe applications

1.- Heat flow rate though a pipe with rectangular fins "q"

Function Heat_Flow_LFmm_sFmm_NFpm_dn_SCH_LPmm_te_Vms_PabsBar(LFmm, sFmm, Nfpm, dn

Data

Pipe material Matp : Carbon steel

Fin section type Sectionf : rectangular
Inside fluid Fluid: Sa.t vapor

Fin length Lf_mm = 20.0 mm

Fin thickness sf_mm = 6.0 mm
Number of fins Nf = 50 fins
Nominal diameter dn = 6 in
Schedule Sch = 40 -
Pipe length Lp_mm = 1500 mm
Exterior temperature te = 22 ºC
Exterior velocity Vms = 7 m/s
Steam pressure P 6 bar
Heat flow rate Q= #VALUE! W

2.- Efficiency of a pipe rectangular fin "eta"

Function Fin_Efficiency_LFmm_sFmm_NFpm_dn_SCH_LPmm_te_Vms_PabsBar(LFmm, sFmm, Nfpm

Data

Pipe material Matp : Carbon steel

Fin section type Sectionf : rectangular
Inside fluid Fluid: Sa.t vapor

Fin length Lf_mm = 20.0 mm

Fin thickness sf_mm = 6.0 mm
Number of fins Nf = 50 fins
Nominal diameter dn = 6 in
Schedule Sch = 40 -
Pipe length Lp_mm = 1500 mm
Exterior temperature te = 22 ºC
Exterior velocity Vms = 7 m/s
Steam pressure P 6 bar
h= #VALUE!
3.- Global heat transfer coefficient of a pipe with rectangular fins "UoF"

Function U_Factor_UoF_LFmm_sFmm_NFpm_dn_SCH_LPmm_te_Vms_PabsBar(LFmm, sFmm, Nfpm

Data

Pipe material Matp : Carbon steel

Fin section type Sectionf : rectangular
Inside fluid Fluid: Sa.t vapor

Fin length Lf_mm = 20.0 mm

Fin thickness sf_mm = 6.0 mm
Number of fins Nf = 50 fins
Nominal diameter dn = 6 in
Schedule Sch = 40 -
Pipe length Lp_mm = 1500 mm
Exterior temperature te = 22 ºC
Exterior velocity Vms = 7 m/s
Steam pressure P 6 bar
h= #VALUE!
Uo,F = #VALUE! W/(m²*K)

4.- Matrix output with: "q", "eta" and UoF"

Function Matrix_q_eta_UoF_LFmm_sFmm_NFpm_dn_SCH_LPmm_te_Vms_PabsBar(LFmm, sFmm, Nfpm, dn, sc

Data

Pipe material Matp : Carbon steel

Fin section type Sectionf : rectangular
Inside fluid Fluid: Sa.t vapor

Fin length Lf_mm = 20.0 mm

Fin thickness sf_mm = 6.0 mm
Number of fins Nf = 50 fins
Nominal diameter dn = 6 in
Schedule Sch = 40 -
Pipe length Lp_mm = 1500 mm
Exterior temperature te = 22 ºC
Exterior velocity Vms = 7 m/s
Steam pressure P 6 bar
 q= #VALUE! W
h= #VALUE! -
Uo,F = #VALUE! W/(m²*K)

5.- Matrix with 14 outputs

Function Matrix_14_q_eta_UoF_LFmm_sFmm_NFpm_dn_SCH_LPmm_te_Vms_PabsBar(LFmm, sFmm, Nfpm, dn

Data

Pipe material Matp : Carbon steel

Fin section type Sectionf : rectangular
Inside fluid Fluid: Sa.t vapor

Fin length Lf_mm = 20.0 mm

Fin thickness sf_mm = 6.0 mm
Number of fins Nf = 50 fins
Nominal diameter dn = 6 in
Schedule Sch = 40 -
Pipe length Lp_mm = 1500 mm
Exterior temperature te = 22 ºC
Exterior velocity Vms = 7 m/s
Steam pressure P 6 bar

1 hi = #VALUE! W/(m²*K)
2 tsi= #VALUE! ºC
3 tP_ave == #VALUE! ºC
4 kP = #VALUE! W(m*K)
5 tF_ave == #VALUE! ºC
6 kF = #VALUE! W(m*K)
7 h= #VALUE! -
8 qass = #VALUE! W
9 tse= #VALUE! ºC
10 ho= #VALUE! W/(m²*K)
11 Uo,F = #VALUE! W/(m²*K)
12 DT = #VALUE! ºC
13 q= #VALUE! W
14 Dq = #VALUE! W

6. Efficiency of a rectangular fin, with five input variables ([5[ Schneider)

 Bessel functions required

Function Efficiency_riFmm_LFmm_sFmm_kWmK_hoWm2K(riFmm, LFmm, sFmm, kWmK, hoWm2K)

Data

Pipe material Matp : Carbon steel

Fin section type Sectionf : rectangular

ri_f_mm = 84.15 mm
Lf_mm = 20 mm
sf_mm = 6 mm
kP = 48.8 W(m*K)
ho= 30.7 W/(m²*K)
h= #VALUE! -

7.- Global transfer coefficient of a finned pipe, referred to the exterior surface

Function Uoext_doPmm_sPmm_LPmm_kPWmK_LFmm_sFmm_kFWmK_NFpm_hoWm2K_hiWm2K(doPmm, sPmm, LPmm, kPW

Data

Pipe material Matp : Carbon steel

Fin section type Sectionf : rectangular
Inside fluid Fluid: Sa.t vapor

1 Pipe exterior diameter doP = 168.3 mm

2 Pipe thickness sp_mm = 7.1 mm
3 Pipe length Lp_mm = 1500 mm
4 Pipe conductivity kP = 48.8 W(m*K)
5 Fin length Lf_mm = 20.0 mm
6 Fin thickness sf_mm = 6.0 mm
7 Fin conductivity kP = 48.8 W(m*K)
8 Number of fins Nf = 50 fins
9 Exterior convection ho= 30.7 W/(m²*K)
Interior convection h i= 1100.9 W/(m²*K)

Uoext #VALUE!
8.- Fin Factor

Function FinFactor_dn_sch_LPmm_LFmm_sFmm_ho_Nfpm_te_Vms_PabsBar(dn, sch, LPmm, LFmm,

Pipe material Matp : Carbon steel The effectivity of a fin is defined as

Fin section type Sectionf : rectangular the ratio of the heat transfered of a
Inside fluid Fluid: Sa.t vapor
finned tube Q f to the heat transfered
of a bare tube Q b
Nominal diameter dn = 6 in
Qf
Schedule Sch = 40 - εf= (
Pipe length Lp_mm = 1500 mm Qb
Fin length Lf_mm = 20.0 mm where
Fin thickness sf_mm = 6.0 mm Qf :heat transfered by the fined tube
Exterior convection ho= 30.7 W/(m²*K) Qb :heat transfered by the bare tube
Number of fins Nf = 50 fins
Exterior temperature te = 22 ºC
Exterior velocity Vms = 7 m/s
Steam pressure P 6 bar
From sheet 5.- Equations
Fin Factor = #VALUE! -
 Bessel functions required

1.- Heat flow rate though a pipe with rectangular fin

Function Heat_Flow_LFmm_sFmm_NFpm_dn_SCH_L

LFmm, sFmm, Nfpm, dn, sch, LPmm, te, Vms, PabsBar) 2.- Efficiency of a pipe rectangular fin "eta"
Function Fin_Efficiency_LFmm_sFmm_NFpm_dn_SCH

3.- Global heat transfer coefficient of a pipe with rectan

Function U_Factor_UoF_LFmm_sFmm_NFpm_dn_SCH

4.- Matrix output with: "q", "eta" and UoF"

Function Matrix_q_eta_UoF_LFmm_sFmm_NFpm_dn_SCH_

5.- Matrix with 14 outputs

Function Matrix_14_q_eta_UoF_LFmm_sFmm_NFpm_dn_SC

6. Efficiency of a rectangular fin, with five input variable

Function Efficiency_riFmm_LFmm_sFmm_kWmK_hoW

7.- Global transfer coefficient of a finned pipe, referred

Function Uoext_doPmm_sPmm_LPmm_kPWmK_LFmm_sFmm_kFW

8.- Fin Factor

Function FinFactor_dn_sch_LPmm_LFmm_sFmm_ho_

Bar(LFmm, sFmm, Nfpm, dn, sch, LPmm, te, Vms, PabsBar)

Bar(LFmm, sFmm, Nfpm, dn, sch, LPmm, te, Vms, PabsBar)

Fmm, sFmm, Nfpm, dn, sch, LPmm, te, Vms, PabsBar)

ar(LFmm, sFmm, Nfpm, dn, sch, LPmm, te, Vms, PabsBar)
mm, kWmK, hoWm2K)

K(doPmm, sPmm, LPmm, kPWmK, LFmm, sFmm, kFWmK, Nfpm, hoWm2K, hiWm2K)
(dn, sch, LPmm, LFmm, sFmm, ho, Nfpm, te, Vms, PabsBar)

y of a fin is defined as The fin factor was defined as

e heat transfered of a A prm A sec
Q f to the heat transfered Φ= +η⋅ (d )
Ae Ae
Qb Thus, the fin efficiency ε f and the
(e ) fin factor Φ are equivalents

Microsoft Equation
3.0
fered by the fined tube
fered by the bare tube

Microsoft Equation
3.0

t 5.- Equations
ough a pipe with rectangular fins "q"
LFmm_sFmm_NFpm_dn_SCH_LPmm_te_Vms_PabsBar(LFmm, sFmm, Nfpm, dn, sch, LPmm, te, Vms, PabsBar)

e rectangular fin "eta"

cy_LFmm_sFmm_NFpm_dn_SCH_LPmm_te_Vms_PabsBar(LFmm, sFmm, Nfpm, dn, sch, LPmm, te, Vms, PabsBar)

er coefficient of a pipe with rectangular fins "UoF"

oF_LFmm_sFmm_NFpm_dn_SCH_LPmm_te_Vms_PabsBar(LFmm, sFmm, Nfpm, dn, sch, LPmm, te, Vms, PabsBar)

: "q", "eta" and UoF"

UoF_LFmm_sFmm_NFpm_dn_SCH_LPmm_te_Vms_PabsBar(LFmm, sFmm, Nfpm, dn, sch, LPmm, te, Vms, PabsBar)

ta_UoF_LFmm_sFmm_NFpm_dn_SCH_LPmm_te_Vms_PabsBar(LFmm, sFmm, Nfpm, dn, sch, LPmm, te, Vms, PabsBar)

angular fin, with five input variables ([5[ Schneider)

Fmm_LFmm_sFmm_kWmK_hoWm2K(riFmm, LFmm, sFmm, kWmK, hoWm2K)

efficient of a finned pipe, referred to the exterior surface

Pmm_LPmm_kPWmK_LFmm_sFmm_kFWmK_NFpm_hoWm2K_hiWm2K(doPmm, sPmm, LPmm, kPWmK, LFmm, sFmm, kFWmK, Nfpm, hoWm2K, hiWm2K)

n_sch_LPmm_LFmm_sFmm_ho_Nfpm_te_Vms_PabsBar(dn, sch, LPmm, LFmm, sFmm, ho, Nfpm, te, Vms, PabsBar)
 [1] Incropera
Heat and mass transfer

[2] Heat and mass transfer

Anthony F. Mills
Irwin, 1995

[3] Transferencia de calor

Anthony F. Mills

[4] Heat transfer

SI Metric edition
J. P. Holman
McGraw-Hill 1989

[5] Conduction Heat Transfer

P. J. Schneider
University of Minesota
Addison-Wesley,
Reading MA, 1955

[6] Heat and mass transfer

Yunus A. Cengel and Afshin J. Ghajar

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cjcruz[at]piping-tools.net